CN111832069A - Multi-block chain on-chain data storage system and method based on cloud computing - Google Patents
Multi-block chain on-chain data storage system and method based on cloud computing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-block chain on-chain data storage system and method based on cloud computing, wherein the technical scheme of the invention is that one or more cloud storages are arranged, and the on-chain data of a plurality of block chains are stored through the cloud storages; packaging and storing original block data and an original digital certificate of a block chain; the encryption interaction between the block chain client and cloud storage is completed through the cryptographic engine module; establishing key value database records for user digital certificates and block data in the key value database; providing at least an editing function of the block chain for the block chain client through the API, and managing and maintaining data on the chain and a user digital certificate; and carrying out butt joint communication with the API interface of the cloud storage through the cloud storage interface of the block chain client. The invention has the beneficial effects that: and providing a user-defined storage mode of data on the block chain for a user, and storing the data on the chains of the plurality of block chains in a centralized manner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cloud computing and block chaining, in particular to a multi-block chaining on-chain data storage system and method based on cloud computing.
Background
In a block chain network, a plurality of computing nodes form a peer-to-peer network, and together maintain data (or called a block) on a chain, which has characteristics of non-falsification, non-repudiation, traceability and the like, and is usually stored in a local storage space of the computing node in the form of a file system and a key value database. In an ethernet (Ethereum) blockchain network environment, a computing node locally stores complete on-chain data, i.e., all blocks, and locally builds an index database and a world state database for all blocks, the data of which is completely visible to the computing nodes in the network. In a hyper ledger (Hyperhedger) blockchain network environment, a computing node locally stores data on a participating federation chain or private chain, and establishes a key value database. Since the compute nodes of Hyperledger do not store all the on-chain data, the data size is relatively small compared to Ethereum.
Cloud storage evolved from cloud computing, and provides a transparent, demand-allocated and elastically-expanded storage resource service, and the storage capacity can exceed the storage authority of a single computing node, and is the capacity expansion of local storage of the computing node.
It is a common application scenario for a computing node to participate in a multi-blockchain network, where the computing node needs to store data on a chain of multiple blockchains. Even if one computing node participates in a plurality of alliance chains or private chains in the HyperLegendre blockchain application network, the storage amount of data on the chains is increased sharply, and the storage amount of the data on the chains is necessarily larger and larger along with the increase of application time, and even exceeds the storage limit of a single computing node.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art, and provides a cloud-computing-based multi-block-chain data storage system, which comprises a plurality of block-chain networks, a plurality of block-chain clients and cloud storage, wherein one or more block-chain clients form a computing node of a block chain; the cloud storage comprises a block data module, a user digital certificate module, a password engine module, a key value database and an API (application program interface); the block chain client is used for intensively storing the data on the chains of the plurality of block chains in the cloud storage through the block data module, the user digital certificate module, the password engine module, the key value database and the API; the block chain client is provided with a cloud storage interface, and the cloud storage interface is communicated with the API interface.
According to the cloud-computing-based multi-block-chain on-chain data storage system, when a block data module is used for generating original block data for the block chain client, the original block data, a corresponding number, a start address, a length and a user digital signature are combined into the block data.
According to the multi-block chain on-chain data storage system based on cloud computing, a user digital certificate module is used for packaging an original digital certificate, and the packaged user digital certificate at least comprises the original digital certificate, an issuing organization, issuing time, a validity period, a user digital signature and a validity state.
According to the multi-block chain on-chain data storage system based on cloud computing, when the digital signature of the user is configured to be transmitted through cloud storage, the Hash value of an original digital certificate, an issuing organization, issuing time and a validity period is digitally signed through a private key of the user.
According to the multi-block chain on-chain data storage system based on cloud computing, a cryptographic engine module comprises an asymmetric scrambler, a random number generator and a digital summary calculator and is used for carrying out encryption verification on interaction between a block chain client and cloud storage, and the random number generator generates a one-time random number and a unique identification number; the asymmetric cipher is used for verifying a digital signature; the digital digest calculator is used for calculating a Hash value.
According to the cloud-computing-based multi-block-chain on-chain data storage system, the key value database is used for establishing key-value database records for on-chain data of a plurality of block chains, and establishing key-value database records for user digital certificates of the plurality of block chains, wherein the on-chain data of the plurality of block chains share one database engine.
According to the cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain linked data storage system, an API (application programming interface) is used for providing linked data, user digital certificate access, management and maintenance functions for the blockchain client, wherein the maintenance functions at least comprise one of block initialization, block logout, block update, block writing, block retrieval and synchronization.
According to the multi-block chain on-chain data storage system based on cloud computing, an API interface completes initialization, logout, updating, block writing, retrieval and synchronization of blocks through a corresponding communication protocol.
The system further comprises a user client, wherein the user client is used for deploying the same, partially same and different blockchain clients through one or more computing nodes and accessing the cloud-stored data on the chain through the blockchain clients.
The technical solution of the present invention further includes a method for storing data on a chain of a multi-partition chain based on cloud computing, and the system for storing data on a chain of a multi-partition chain based on cloud computing according to any of the above, characterized in that: setting one or more cloud storages, and storing chain data of a plurality of block chains through the cloud storages; packaging original block data and an original digital certificate of a block chain and storing the original block data and the original digital certificate to a corresponding space of the cloud storage; the encryption interaction between the block chain client and cloud storage is completed through the cryptographic engine module; establishing key value database records for user digital certificates and block data in the key value database; through the API interface, the block chain client side at least provides the functions of initializing, updating, writing blocks, retrieving, synchronizing and canceling the block chain, and manages and maintains data and user digital certificates on the chain; and carrying out butt-joint communication with the API interface of the cloud storage through the cloud storage interface of the blockchain client.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: and providing a user-defined storage mode of data on the block chain for a user, and storing the data on the chains of the plurality of block chains in a centralized manner.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;
fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a multi-blockchain cloud storage for a single user according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a multi-partition chain cloud storage structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a cloud storage block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a digital certificate structure diagram of a single-user cloud storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating initialization of a multi-blockchain cloud storage according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of updating a user's digital certificate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of storing data on a chain according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a flow chart of on-chain data synchronization according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating releasing block data and cloud storage space according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a multi-partition chain cloud storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for cloud storage of data on a chain supporting multiple blockchains maps operations of reading and writing data on a blockchain client to a cloud storage system. The cloud storage system is independently deployed at the cloud end, such as IDC; the computing node may be a desktop or mobile PC, a mobile electronic device (e.g., a smartphone), and so on. A user may use multiple computing nodes (PCs, smartphones, etc.) to access the cloud storage system, that is, the user has multiple computing nodes that deploy the same, partially the same, different blockchain clients through which to access the data on the chains of the cloud storage. One cloud storage system is exclusively used by one user, and one user can exclusively use a plurality of cloud storage systems.
The cloud storage of the multi-block chain is composed of block data, a key value database, a user digital certificate, a password engine and an API (application programming interface), and is shown in figure 2.
The block data module stores on-chain data for a plurality of block chains. The data on the chain is stored in a file system form, and mutually independent file system storage areas are used among different block chains. The first block of each block chain is a founder block, and the others are normal blocks. The block structure includes a number, a start address, a length, a user digital signature, and original block data, as shown in fig. 3. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the original block data refers to block data generated by a block chain client;
the serial number is a unique identifier in the range of a single cloud storage system and is generated by an API (application programming interface) module;
the initial address refers to the storage address of the block in the file system of the block chain to which the block belongs, the initial address of the created block is 0 by default, and the created block is generated by an API (application program interface) module;
the user digital signature means that the user uses a private key of the user to digitally sign the block;
the length refers to the number of bytes including a number, a starting address, a length, a user digital signature and an original block, and is calculated and generated by the API module.
The user digital certificate module stores digital certificates of users on a plurality of blockchains, and comprises a digital certificate currently used and a failed historical digital certificate. The digital certificates belonging to the same block chain form a list, the number of the created block and the number of the user digital certificate are used as index keys, each digital certificate comprises an original digital certificate, an issuing organization, issuing time, an expiration date, a user digital signature and an effective state, as shown in figure 4,
the original digital certificate is a digital certificate signed by the blockchain network to the user, for example, a digital certificate signed by a CAServer of Hyperridge to the user;
the issuing organization is an issuing organization of the original digital certificate and can provide validity identification of the digital certificate;
the issuing time is the issuing date and time of the original digital certificate;
a validity period, which is the length of time for which the original digital certificate is validly used;
the user digital signature is to use a private key of the user to carry out digital signature on the Hash value of the original digital certificate, the signing and issuing organization, the signing and issuing time and the validity period when the user transmits the digital certificate to the cloud storage;
the valid state is the valid use state of the original digital certificate, the user has at most one valid digital certificate on each block chain, and the others are invalid digital certificates.
And the cipher engine module comprises an asymmetric cipher, a random number generator and a digital summary calculator. The random number generator generates a disposable random number and a unique identification number; the asymmetric cipher is used for verifying the digital signature; the digital digest calculator is used to calculate a Hash value, i.e., a Hash value, of the information.
And the key value database module is used for establishing key-value database records for the data on the chains of the block chains, establishing key-value database records for the user digital certificates of the block chains, and sharing one database engine for the data on the chains of the block chains.
The API interface module provides the functions of accessing, managing and maintaining linked data and user digital certificates for the blockchain client, and at least includes modules of initialization, logout, update, block writing, retrieval and synchronization functions, as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the initialization function module provides a function of applying for distributing the cloud storage space. The cloud storage system allocates a necessary storage space from the cloud storage resource pool, initializes a file system of block data, a user digital certificate storage area, deploys configurations of a password engine and a key value database engine, and deploys an API interface module, as shown in fig. 5.
And the updating function module provides a function of updating the user digital certificate. There are 2 kinds of update interfaces, the 1 st is that the new user uploads the 1 st user digital certificate to the cloud storage, and the update flow is shown in fig. 6.
Communication protocol 1: digital certificate update 1
The method comprises the following steps: (1) the blockchain client submits the user digital certificate and the private key signature thereof, and the structure of the user digital certificate is shown in figure 4;
(2) the updating function module verifies the signature by using a public key in the digital certificate, if the signature is successful, the step (3) is carried out, and if the signature is not successful, the step (5) is carried out;
(3) the updating function module identifies the validity of the digital certificate at an issuing organization, if the validity is successful, the operation is carried out (4), and if the validity is not successful, the operation is carried out (5);
(4) calling a random number generator of a cipher engine to generate a unique created block number, newly building a user digital certificate list, writing the user digital certificate into the list, and switching to (5);
(5) if the success is achieved, returning the number of the created block, otherwise, returning the failure, and ending.
The second is to update the old digital certificate with the new digital certificate, and use the new digital certificate in case of the old digital certificate being about to be or having failed, and the updating process is shown in fig. 6.
Communication protocol 2: digital certificate update 2
The method comprises the following steps: (1) the block chain client submits a new user digital certificate, a created block number and an old private key signature, wherein the old private key signature refers to a Hash value signature of the new user digital certificate and the created block number by using a private key in the old digital certificate;
(2) the updating function module finds out a valid digital certificate of the appointed block chain according to the created block number, takes out a public key from the valid digital certificate to verify the validity of the signature of the old private key, if the valid digital certificate is successful, the step (3) is carried out, and if the valid digital certificate is not successful, the step (6) is carried out;
(3) verifying the signature in the new user digital certificate by using the public key in the new user digital certificate, if the signature is successful, turning to (4), and otherwise, turning to (6);
(4) checking the valid date of the new user digital certificate, if valid, turning to (5), otherwise, turning to (6);
(5) setting the valid digital certificate corresponding to the created block number as invalid, storing the new user digital certificate and setting the valid digital certificate, and turning to the step (6);
(6) and returning a result and ending.
And the block writing function module provides a function of writing data in the chain for the block chain client, namely, the blocks are stored in a file system corresponding to the block data, and meanwhile, the key value database is updated. The flow is shown in FIG. 7.
Communication protocol 3: writing data on a chain
The method comprises the following steps: (1) the block chain client submits a created block number, a new original block and a digital signature, wherein the new original block and the digital signature respectively refer to original block data and a user digital signature in the figure 3;
(2) the cloud storage system obtains a public key of the user digital certificate according to the number of the founding block, verifies the digital signature, and if the public key is successful, the operation is switched to (3), and if the public key is not successful, the operation is switched to (5);
(3) calculating the number, length and initial address of the new block, wherein the block number rule is as follows: creating block numbers and increasing positive integer serial numbers, wherein the starting address is the storage offset of the blocks in a block chain file system, and the length is the number of bytes of the whole new block;
(4) filling in a new block according to the format of the figure 3, writing in a file system corresponding to the block chain, and updating records of the key value database;
(5) and returning a result and ending.
And the retrieval function module provides a function of retrieving data on the chain for the block chain client. The block chain client provides the created block number and the search key word, and the search function module searches the corresponding block in the appointed block chain storage area and returns the search result. The search key may be a block number, a block Hash, a transaction Hash, etc.
The synchronization function module is configured to synchronize, between the multiple cloud storage systems, chain data of a designated blockchain and a digital certificate of a user in the blockchain in a scenario where a single user exclusively uses the multiple cloud storage systems, where a synchronized cloud storage system is identified by a master identifier and a synchronized cloud storage system is identified by a slave identifier, as shown in fig. 8.
Communication protocol 4: synchronization
The method comprises the following steps: (1) the block chain client initiates a request to the cloud storage 2, and transmits the address of the cloud storage 1, the created block number and the slave identification;
(2) cloud storage 2 is ready;
(3) the block chain client initiates a request to the cloud storage 1, and transmits the address of the cloud storage 2, the created block number and the main identification;
(4) cloud storage 1 is ready;
(5) the cloud storage 1 establishes connection to the cloud storage 2, and the cloud storage 2 responds to the connection;
(6) the cloud storage 1 sends a user digital certificate list of a specified block chain to the cloud storage 2;
(7) the cloud storage 2 receives and updates the user digital certificate list and responds;
(8) the cloud storage 1 sends all blocks of the specified block chain to the cloud storage 2;
(9) the cloud storage 2 receives and updates the local block and the database, and responds;
(10) the cloud storage 1 sends a synchronization confirmation to the blockchain client;
(11) the cloud storage 2 sends a synchronization confirmation to the blockchain client;
(12) and (6) ending.
And the logout function module provides a function of deleting the data on the chain of the specified block chain, and releases the cloud storage space if the data on the chain of the last block chain is deleted, as shown in fig. 9.
Communication protocol 5: logging off
The method comprises the following steps: (1) the block chain client sends a created block number;
(2) the logout function module calls a random number generator to generate 1 random number, encrypts the random number by using a public key of a valid digital certificate of a corresponding block chain according to the number of the created block and sends a ciphertext;
(3) the block chain client uses the private key to decrypt and obtain a random number and sends the random number back;
(4) the logout function module compares the front random number and the back random number, if the random numbers are consistent, the logout function module goes to step (5), otherwise, the random numbers are forwarded (8);
(5) clearing block data and database records of a block chain specified by the created block number, and clearing a corresponding user digital certificate;
(6) checking whether the block data stored in the cloud is empty, if so, turning to (7), and otherwise, turning to (8);
(7) releasing the cloud storage space and returning to the storage resource pool;
(8) and returning a result and ending.
On-chain data of an ethernet (Ethereum) blockchain network and a hyper ledger (hyper ledger) blockchain network are stored in a local storage space of a blockchain client by default, and the blockchain data are stored in one or more files of a file system. The client of the HyperLEDGER is Fabric, and the specific implementation mode of the invention is described by taking a HyperLEDGER block chain network as an example.
The method includes that a Fabric defaults to store data on a chain in a local file system, a local storage interface of the Fabric read-write block file system is firstly modified, a module interface of a cloud storage system, namely a cloud storage interface shown in fig. 10, is newly added, interfaces between a block chain client and the cloud storage system are implemented according to functional modules of an API interface shown in fig. 2, and interface communication is implemented in a WebService, gRPC or other forms.
In a HyperLegendre block chain network, a Docker container is adopted to implement a cloud storage system of a single-user multi-block chain, 1 Docker container instance corresponds to 1 cloud storage system, and a single user can exclusively use a plurality of Docker containers. The cloud storage system may also be implemented by VMware, VirtualBox, or KVM virtual machines, with 1 virtual machine instance corresponding to 1 cloud storage system. In the cloud storage system, interface communication is implemented by adopting Web Service, gPRC or other forms, and the communication mode is kept consistent with that of Fabric.
In a cloud storage system, a file system is employed to store data on a chain of a plurality of block chains, i.e., all blocks. And storing the data on the chain of each block chain into one or more files, and specifying the sequence of the files. The starting address shown in fig. 3 is implemented as the storage offset of a block in a plurality of files, and the storage locations of adjacent blocks in the files are adjacent. Files of different block chains are isolated from each other, classified storage is carried out in a folder mode, storage in different file system partitions can be adopted, or storage in a RAID (redundant array of independent disks) array is adopted.
In the cloud storage system, a file system is adopted to store all user digital certificates, and each user digital certificate corresponds to 2 files. Wherein 1 file is an original file of the user digital certificate, the content of the original digital certificate is shown in fig. 4, the other 1 file records other information corresponding to the original digital certificate, and the file names of 2 files are the same and are distinguished by extension names. The user digital certificates of different blockchains can be classified and stored in a folder form. The user digital certificate may also be stored using a relational database, with tables and records representing the user digital certificate.
In a cloud storage system, the key-value database is implemented by using a LevelDB, CouchDB or other suitable database engine, and mainly stores the block data shown in fig. 3, that is, the data on the chain of the block chain. The Key words such as block number, original block Hash, transaction Hash, etc. are used as keys (keys), and the block start address is used as a Value (Value). The key value database can provide basic block retrieval and positioning functions according to the block numbers, the original block Hash and the transaction Hash, and can also expand the retrieval and query of other keywords according to actual needs.
In the cloud storage system, the cipher engine at least provides a random number generator, an asymmetric cipher and a Hash calculator. The cryptographic engine may be implemented in hardware, such as a TPM chip or a TCM chip, or may be implemented in program code with pseudo-random numbers, asymmetric cryptographic computations, and Hash computation functions. The cryptographic engine may extend other computing functions, such as symmetric cryptographic calculators, etc., as desired.
In the cloud storage system, the API interface is an interface for providing cloud storage service to the outside, and at least includes functional modules such as initialization, update, block write, retrieval, synchronization, logout, and the like, and each cloud storage system includes 1 independent API interface, and allocates 1 IP address and an independent port. The API interface may extend other management and service functions as needed.
In the Ethereum blockchain network, the blockchain client Geth has a partial characteristic similar to Fabric in the aspect of reading and writing data on the chain, and can adopt a similar implementation mode, namely 1 cloud storage interface is added in the Geth, and the interface function is implemented according to the communication protocol of the invention.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-block chain on-chain data storage system based on cloud computing comprises a plurality of block chain networks, a plurality of block chain clients and cloud storage, wherein one or more block chain clients form a computing node of a block chain;
the cloud storage comprises a block data module, a user digital certificate module, a password engine module, a key value database and an API (application program interface);
the block chain client is used for intensively storing the data on the chains of the plurality of block chains in the cloud storage through the block data module, the user digital certificate module, the password engine module, the key value database and the API;
the block chain client is provided with a cloud storage interface, and the cloud storage interface is communicated with the API interface.
2. The cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain on-chain data storage system of claim 1, wherein the block data module is configured to merge original block data and corresponding number, start address, length, and user digital signature into the block data when generating the original block data for the blockchain client.
3. The cloud-computing-based multi-block-chain on-chain data storage system as recited in claim 1, wherein the user digital certificate module is configured to encapsulate an original digital certificate, and the encapsulated user digital certificate includes at least an original digital certificate, an issuing authority, an issuing time, a validity period, a user digital signature, and a validity status.
4. The cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain in-chain data storage system as recited in claim 3, wherein the user digital signature is configured to digitally sign a Hash value of an original digital certificate, an issuing authority, an issuing time, and a validity period by its own private key when the digital certificate is transferred through the cloud storage.
5. The cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain on-chain data storage system of claim 1, wherein the crypto-engine module includes an asymmetric crypto, a random number generator, a digital digest calculator for cryptographic verification of the blockchain client interaction with the cloud storage, the random number generator producing a one-time random number and a unique identification number; the asymmetric cipher is used for verifying a digital signature; the digital digest calculator is used for calculating a Hash value.
6. The cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain in-chain data storage system of claim 1, wherein the key-value database is configured to establish key-value database records for on-chain data of a plurality of blockchains, and key-value database records for user digital certificates of the plurality of blockchains, wherein the on-chain data of the plurality of blockchains share a database engine.
7. The cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain linked data storage system of claim 1, wherein the API interface is configured to provide linked data, user digital certificate access, management and maintenance functions to the blockchain client, wherein maintenance functions include at least one of initialization, de-registration, update, writing to a block, retrieval and synchronization of a block.
8. The cloud-computing-based multi-partition chain on-chain data storage system of claim 7, wherein the API interface performs block initialization, de-registration, update, block write, retrieval, and synchronization via corresponding communication protocols.
9. The cloud-computing-based multi-blockchain in-chain data storage system of claim 1, further comprising a user client for deploying the same, partially same, different blockchain clients through one or more of the computing nodes, accessing cloud-stored in-chain data through the blockchain clients.
10. A method for multi-blockchain on-chain data storage based on cloud computing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein:
setting one or more cloud storages, and storing chain data of a plurality of block chains through the cloud storages;
packaging original block data and an original digital certificate of a block chain and storing the original block data and the original digital certificate to a corresponding space of the cloud storage;
the encryption interaction between the block chain client and cloud storage is completed through the cryptographic engine module;
establishing key value database records for user digital certificates and block data in the key value database;
through the API interface, the block chain client side at least provides the functions of initializing, updating, writing blocks, retrieving, synchronizing and canceling the block chain, and manages and maintains data and user digital certificates on the chain;
and carrying out butt-joint communication with the API interface of the cloud storage through the cloud storage interface of the blockchain client.
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