CN111830416A - Device and method for in-situ detection of silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Device and method for in-situ detection of silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for in-situ detection of a silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanism of a lithium ion battery. The sensing part is used for detecting the deformation of the silicon cathode caused by expansion and comprises a PVDF piezoelectric film, conductive silver layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PVDF piezoelectric film, polyester sheets covering the silver layers on the upper surface, a polypropylene transparent adhesive tape film covering the lower surface of the PVDF piezoelectric film and terminal wires connected with pins of the PVDF piezoelectric film; the signal processing part is used for receiving and processing voltage signals and comprises a signal amplifier, a Seeduino Lotus development board and a detection program; the silicon cathode charging and discharging part is used for carrying out constant-current charging and discharging on the silicon cathode so as to simulate the deformation condition of the silicon cathode in actual circulation; the sealing structure is used for ensuring that the silicon cathode and the lithium sheet are in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment. The invention detects the expansion and failure conditions of the lithium ion battery silicon cathode in real time without using additional detection equipment, and has great application value in actual production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery analysis and test, and particularly relates to a device and a method for in-situ detection of a silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanism of a lithium ion battery.
Background
Because of higher energy density, power density and electrochemical window compared with the traditional water system battery, the lithium ion battery becomes one of the most promising energy storage means, and is widely applied to the fields of wearable equipment, electric automobiles, aerospace and the like. However, after working for a certain time, the lithium ion battery will cause the internal pressure of the battery to rise due to the decomposition of the electrolyte, the irreversible expansion of the negative electrode material and other reasons, and the diaphragm or the shell will be cracked in serious cases, thereby causing serious safety problems. Therefore, how to effectively detect the internal pressure state of the lithium ion battery on line in situ becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Silicon is considered to be one of the most promising materials to replace graphite as a commercial lithium ion negative electrode in the next generation lithium ion battery due to its high specific capacity (about 3579mAh/g) and low lithiation potential. However, the silicon is accompanied by a huge volume change (about 400%) during the lithium intercalation and deintercalation process, resulting in electrode damage and performance degradation, which is a bottleneck limiting the future application of silicon. Therefore, the method has important scientific significance for developing novel lithium battery electrode materials and monitoring the health state of the lithium battery by detecting the deformation of the silicon electrode in real time in the lithium ion intercalation/deintercalation process.
At present, the monitoring of the state of the lithium ion battery in the industry mainly depends on an online monitoring management system to detect the voltage, current, resistance, temperature and other parameters of the lithium ion battery, and only can indirectly monitor the safety state of the battery, but cannot directly obtain the internal information (such as the electrode expansion degree) of the battery. On the other hand, in a laboratory, in-situ transmission/scanning electron microscope (TEM/SEM), in-situ Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other means are mostly adopted for detecting the expansion and failure mechanisms of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery, but these detection methods have high cost, complicated electrode preparation process and need complicated large-scale instruments, and are not suitable for being applied to practical batteries.
The PVDF film is a novel high molecular polymer piezoelectric material and has a positive piezoelectric effect, namely, charges can be generated on the surface of the PVDF film after the PVDF film is subjected to surface stress. The sensor taking the PVDF film as the core can measure physical quantities such as stress, acceleration, sound wave, mechanical impact and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of acoustics, medicine, engineering flaw detection and the like. Meanwhile, the PVDF piezoelectric film sensor also has the advantages of light weight, good flexibility, high sensitivity, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and can be used for measurement in various environments. The invention aims to detect the stress change of the lithium ion battery cathode material caused by expansion or collapse by using a commonly used PVDF piezoelectric film sensor, thereby achieving the purposes of simplifying the detection process and reducing the detection cost.
The device and the method can detect the expansion or collapse effect of the negative electrode material in real time, so that the failure or core material degradation mechanism of the lithium battery is subjected to in-situ analysis, and the main reason of the failure of the lithium battery is further detected. The invention does not need to use complex large-scale instruments, the used equipment has low cost, the research and development and detection cost of enterprises can be effectively reduced, the used sensor has the potential of being installed inside the lithium ion battery, and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a device and a method for in-situ detecting the expansion and failure mechanism of a silicon negative electrode of a lithium ion battery, so as to solve the problem that a low-cost device capable of in-situ online detection of the operation of the lithium ion battery is absent at present.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for in-situ detection of the expansion and failure mechanism of a silicon cathode of a lithium ion battery comprises a sensing part, a signal processing part, a silicon cathode charging and discharging part and a sealing device.
The sensor part comprises a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric film, conductive silver layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PVDF piezoelectric film, a polyester sheet covering the silver layer on the upper surface, a polypropylene adhesive tape film covering the lower surface, and a terminal wire connected with a pin of the piezoelectric film and used for detecting the deformation of the silicon cathode caused by expansion.
The signal processing section includes a signal amplifier (Grove-Piezo vision sensor), a SeeeduinoLotus development board, and a detection program for receiving and processing the voltage signal.
The silicon negative electrode charging and discharging part is used for carrying out constant current charging and discharging on the silicon negative electrode, so that the deformation condition of the silicon negative electrode in an actual cycle is simulated.
The sealing structure is used for ensuring that the silicon negative electrode and the lithium sheet are in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment.
Further, the sensor part is a piezoelectric film sensor of LDT0-028K available from taike electronics (shanghai) limited, which has a piezoelectric PVDF polymer film having a thickness of 28 μm and silver electrode layers screen-printed on the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and is divided into a cantilever section and a detection section. The length of the cantilever section is about 1.5cm, the width of the cantilever section is about 1cm, the length of the wiring section is about 0.8cm, the width of the wiring section is about 0.4cm, a polyester sheet covers the upper surface silver electrode layer and is pressed together with two crimping terminals to form a sensor pole piece, a polypropylene transparent adhesive tape film covers the lower surface silver electrode layer, and a PH2.0mm single-head terminal wire is welded on the crimping terminals and is used for connecting a signal amplifier.
Furthermore, the silver layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric film are used for conducting electric charges generated by the film due to stress to the signal amplifier through the crimping terminal and the terminal wire, generating a voltage signal and amplifying the voltage signal. The polyester sheet covering the upper surface and the polypropylene film covering the lower surface are used for separating the piezoelectric film from the battery system, and the voltage change during battery circulation is prevented from influencing the sensor signal.
Further, the signal processing unit includes a signal amplifier (Grove-Piezo vision sensor) and a Seeeduino Lotus development board, the signal amplifier is connected to the development board through a terminal line, the development board is connected to the personal computer through a USB connection line, and the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal and displayed through a detection program.
Furthermore, after the detection is finished, the time is used as an abscissa and the voltage signal of the sensor is used as an ordinate in origin software for plotting, and then a sensing signal curve can be obtained. The curve is corresponding to the abscissa of the constant current charging and discharging curve obtained by the electrochemical charging and discharging device, and the curve of the sensing signal changing along with the charging and discharging process of the battery can be obtained.
Further, the silicon negative electrode charge-discharge part is a copper foil connected with a lead, the copper foil is 25 microns thick, about 1.4cm long and about 0.9cm wide and used for loading a silicon negative electrode material to perform constant-current charge-discharge, and the copper foil is adhered to a polyester sheet by using PVDF glue.
Furthermore, the silicon negative electrode charging and discharging part also comprises a Xinwei electrochemical charging and discharging device which is used for enabling the silicon negative electrode to generate lithium insertion and extraction reaction so as to simulate the deformation condition of the silicon negative electrode in actual circulation.
Further, the sealing structure is an H-shaped electrolytic cell with a bottle opening and a channel interface both sealed by Vaseline.
A method for in-situ detection of lithium ion battery silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanisms comprises the following steps:
s1, a pore passage is reserved on the sealing plug of the electrolytic cell for the positive and negative electrode leads and the sensor terminal wires to pass through, and the contact parts of the outer side of the sealing plug and the pore passage of the sealing plug and the leads are sealed by polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tapes;
s2, carrying out oxygen and water isolation treatment on a half-cell system consisting of the lithium sheet, the electrolyte and the silicon cathode through a sealed H-shaped electrolytic cell;
s3, loading a silicon negative electrode material by using a copper foil, and enabling the piezoelectric sensor to deform synchronously with the negative electrode material during reaction;
s4, measuring a voltage value generated by deformation of the silicon cathode material in the lithium intercalation and deintercalation reaction process by adopting a piezoelectric cantilever sensor;
s5, enabling the silicon negative electrode material to generate lithium intercalation and deintercalation reaction through a Xinwei electrochemical charge and discharge device, and enabling the negative electrode and the sensor to deform;
s6, transmitting the voltage signal generated by the sensor to a signal amplifier through a terminal wire, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal through a development board after amplification, and finally outputting the voltage signal on a computer through a detection program;
further, in step S4, the working temperature range of the piezoelectric microcantilever sensor is 0-85 deg.C, and the sensitivity is 18-36 pC/N.
Further, in step S5, the constant current charging/discharging current density is in the range of 0.1-0.9A/g, and the voltage range is set to 0.01-2.50V.
Further, in step S6, the number of sampling bits of the development board is 8 bits, and the sampling frequency is 20 MHz.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for in-situ detection of the expansion and failure mechanism of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery have the following advantages:
(1) the device and the method for in-situ detection of the expansion and failure mechanism of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery can detect the expansion or collapse effect of the cathode material in real time, so that the failure or core material degradation mechanism of the lithium battery is subjected to in-situ analysis, and the main reason of the failure of the lithium battery is further detected. The sensor has the potential of being installed inside the lithium ion battery, improves the safety performance of the lithium ion battery, and has great production practice significance;
(2) compared with the in-situ SEM, TEM, AFM and other technologies, the device and the method for in-situ detection of the expansion and failure mechanism of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery do not need to use complex optical instruments or additional vibration exciters during actual detection, are simple in sample preparation, and effectively reduce the detection cost and difficulty.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a sensor wafer according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the sensor part of the present invention from one side of the copper foil.
Fig. 3 is a device for in-situ detecting the expansion and failure mechanism of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery.
Fig. 4 is a constant current charge-discharge curve (solid line) and corresponding sensor signal curve (dashed line) for a battery at current densities in the range of 0.1-0.9A/g.
FIG. 5 is a constant current charge and discharge curve (solid line) and corresponding sensor signal curve (dashed line) for a battery at current densities of 0.6A/g and 0.3A/g, respectively.
Fig. 6 is an SEM image of the electrode surface before and after cycling.
The parts corresponding to the numbers in fig. 1-3 are respectively: 1. a layer of electrode material; 2. copper foil; 3. a polyester substrate; PVDF film; 5. a conductive silver layer; 6. a polypropylene tape film; 7. the inside of the electrolytic cell; 8. a sensor metal pin; 9. a wire; 13. sealing the adhesive tape; 14. a sealing cover; 15. sealing the inner hole of the cover; 16. a lithium sheet; 17. a sensor carrying an electrode material; 18. cell channels and gaskets.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the device for in-situ detection of the expansion and failure mechanism of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery comprises the steps of coating a silicon electrode material on a copper foil on the surface of a sensor shown in figure 2 before detection, respectively fixing a lead for connecting the sensor and a lithium sheet on a sealing cover of an electrolytic cell by using a sealing adhesive tape after vacuum drying is carried out for 5 hours at 50 ℃, and then conveying the sealing cover with the lead and an H-shaped electrolytic cell into a glove box. And sealing the electrode material to be detected, the electrolyte, the lithium sheet and the sensor by using a sealing device in a glove box, and ensuring that the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte are in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment in the whole lithium desorption and intercalation process.
The device is taken out and placed beside a Xinwei electrochemical charging and discharging device, a sensor, a signal amplifier, a development board and a personal computer are sequentially connected, and a detection program is started. Then, a constant current charging and discharging process is carried out by taking the lithium sheet as a negative electrode and the copper foil as a positive electrode, the current density is set to be 0.30A/g, 0.60A/g, 0.90A/g, 0.60A/g and 0.30A/g in sequence, and the voltage range is set to be 0.01-2.50V. The silicon-carbon electrode material expands and contracts in the charging and discharging process, the generated deformation is transmitted to the sensor through the copper foil, and then a voltage signal is generated, and finally the voltage signal is displayed on a computer.
In origin software, the time is used as an abscissa, and the voltage signal of the sensor is used as an ordinate to carry out plotting, so that a curve of the sensing signal along with the change of the battery charging and discharging process can be obtained. The curve is associated with the abscissa of the constant current charge/discharge curve obtained from the electrochemical charge/discharge device, and the two curves are combined to obtain fig. 4.
Reassembling the device using the following method:
the method for in-situ detection of the expansion and failure mechanism of the silicon cathode of the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
s1, a pore passage is reserved on the sealing plug of the electrolytic cell for the positive and negative electrode leads and the sensor terminal wires to pass through, and the contact parts of the outer side of the sealing plug and the pore passage of the sealing plug and the leads are sealed by polytetrafluoroethylene adhesive tapes;
s2, carrying out oxygen and water isolation treatment on a half-cell system consisting of the lithium sheet, the electrolyte and the silicon cathode through a sealed H-shaped electrolytic cell;
s3, loading a silicon negative electrode material by using a copper foil, and enabling the piezoelectric sensor to deform synchronously with the negative electrode material during reaction;
s4, measuring a voltage value generated by deformation of the silicon cathode material in the lithium intercalation and deintercalation reaction process by adopting a piezoelectric cantilever sensor;
s5, enabling the silicon negative electrode material to generate lithium intercalation and deintercalation reaction through a Xinwei electrochemical charge and discharge device, and enabling the negative electrode and the sensor to deform;
s6, transmitting the voltage signal generated by the sensor to a signal amplifier through a terminal wire, converting the voltage signal into a digital signal through a development board after amplification, and finally outputting the voltage signal on a computer through a detection program;
in step S4, the working temperature range of the piezoelectric micro-cantilever sensor is 0-85 ℃, and the sensitivity is 18-36 pC/N;
in step S5, the constant current charge-discharge current density range is 0.1-0.9A/g, and the voltage range is set to be 0.01-2.50V;
in step S6, the number of sampling bits of the development board is 8 bits, and the sampling frequency is 20 MHz.
After circulating for 8 hours under the current density of 0.3A/g, the materials are respectively charged and discharged for 5 circles by the current densities of 0.6A/g and 0.3A/g, and the time is used as an abscissa and the voltage signal of the sensor is used as an ordinate in origin software to be plotted, so that a sensing signal curve can be obtained. The curve is associated with the abscissa of the constant current charging/discharging curve, and the two curves are combined to obtain fig. 5.
As can be seen from fig. 4A and B, the deformation caused by the expansion and contraction of the silicon carbon material is enough to allow the sensor to detect the volume change caused by the deformation, and generate a relatively obvious electrical signal. The voltage signal curve (dotted line) of the sensor shows obvious along with the charge-discharge curve (solid line) of the batteryThe trend changes periodically and the signal peak rises with increasing current density. Meanwhile, the microcantilever signal is observed to decrease when the voltage rises (charging process, corresponding to Li insertion and extraction process on the silicon electrode), and to increase when the voltage drops (discharging process, corresponding to Li insertion and extraction process on the silicon electrode). Firstly, because the instantaneous output voltage of the piezoelectric micro-cantilever and the instantaneous deformation magnitude are in a linear relation, namely, the voltage signal is linearly increased along with the deformation speed of the micro-cantilever, the higher the current density is, the faster the charging and discharging speed of the electrode is, the faster the deformation speed of the silicon material is, and further the deformation speed of the micro-cantilever is increased, so that the signal peak value change rule of the sensor is consistent with the deformation process of the electrode material. Second, Li forms Li in the embedded silicon material4.4When Si and other substances are contained, the volume of the silicon material expands, and pressure stress which is vertical to the copper foil on the upper surface and points to the lower surface is generated on the micro-cantilever, so that the voltage signal value is increased; in contrast, when Li is deintercalated on the silicon electrode, the micro-cantilever sensor receives compressive stress in the opposite direction to that when Li is intercalated due to the volume shrinkage of the silicon material, and the voltage signal value is lowered.
FIG. 4C is a signal curve of the sensor and a charge/discharge curve of the battery at a current density of 0.9A/g. The charge and discharge time is short due to the fact that the current density is large, single circulation is completed within 6s, deformation of the silicon material is too fast, the number of sampling signal points of the sensor is insufficient, and the real electrode material change trend cannot be displayed. FIG. 4D is a signal curve of the sensor and a charge/discharge curve of the battery at a current density of 0.1A/g. It can be seen that the sensor signal changes only slightly except when the charging and discharging process is switched, and although the change trend is still met, the difference between the signals at the beginning and the end of charging and discharging is small, which indicates that the deformation speed of the electrode material corresponding to the current density of 0.1A/g is very close to the detection lower limit of the sensor.
It can be seen from fig. 5 that the capacity of the electrode decreases after a long period of cycling, and the sensor signal corresponding to the time period also fluctuates, indicating that the electrode material cannot maintain the original structure due to multiple charging and discharging cycles and has a collapse phenomenon.
Fig. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of electrode sheets coated with the same batch of electrode material slurry, arranged from small to large in scale, before (a-C) and after (D-F) testing. It can be observed that the silicon material before circulation is uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (a) with a diameter of about 60nm, and the surface morphology changes into amorphous clusters after charge and discharge tests, and the size is much larger than that of the particles (D) before the test. The exfoliation (E) and the chapping (F) of the material were also observed at a lower magnification, with the thickness of the exfoliated material being significantly greater than that before the test, in marked contrast to the electron micrographs (B, C) that were not subjected to the charge-discharge test. The silicon material bears huge stress changes in the repeated expansion and contraction process, so that the structure of the silicon material is subjected to irreversible transformation, and the reliability of a sensor signal is indirectly proved.
The device can be applied to the field of silicon-carbon material expansion detection, and has good cycle stability and sensitive detection capability.
The invention does not need to use complex large-scale instruments, the used equipment has low cost, the research and development and detection cost of enterprises can be effectively reduced, the used sensor has the potential of being installed inside the lithium ion battery, the safety performance of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the invention has great production practice significance.
The sensor part comprises a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric film, conductive silver layers on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PVDF piezoelectric film, a polyester sheet covering the silver layer on the upper surface, a polypropylene transparent adhesive tape film covering the lower surface, and a terminal wire connected with a pin of the piezoelectric film and used for detecting the deformation of the silicon cathode caused by expansion;
the signal processing part comprises a signal amplifier (Grove-Piezo vision sensor), a SeeduinoLotus development board and a detection program, and is used for receiving and processing voltage signals;
the silicon negative electrode charging and discharging part is used for carrying out constant current charging and discharging on the silicon negative electrode, so that the deformation condition of the silicon negative electrode in an actual cycle is simulated.
Claims (10)
1. A device for in-situ detection of silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising
A sensor unit for detecting deformation of the silicon negative electrode due to expansion;
the film comprises a PVDF piezoelectric film, conductive silver layers arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the PVDF piezoelectric film, polyester sheets covering the silver layers on the upper surface, a polypropylene transparent adhesive tape film covering the silver layers on the lower surface, and terminal wires connected with pins of the PVDF piezoelectric film;
a signal processing part for receiving and processing the voltage signal;
the method comprises a signal amplifier, a Seeduino Lotus development board and a detection program;
the silicon cathode charging and discharging part is used for carrying out constant-current charging and discharging on the silicon cathode and simulating the deformation condition of the silicon cathode in actual circulation;
and a sealing structure is also arranged for ensuring that the silicon cathode and the lithium sheet are in an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment.
2. The device for in-situ detection of silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the sensor part is an LDT0-028K piezoelectric film sensor, the main body of the sensor part is a piezoelectric PVDF polymer film and a silver electrode layer which is silk-screen printed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric PVDF polymer film, the thickness of the polymer film is 28 mu m, and the polymer film is divided into a cantilever section and a detection section; the length of the cantilever section is about 1.5cm, the width of the cantilever section is about 1cm, the length of the wiring section is about 0.8cm, the width of the wiring section is about 0.4cm, a polyester sheet covers the upper surface silver electrode layer and is pressed together with two crimping terminals to form a sensor pole piece, a polypropylene transparent adhesive tape film covers the lower surface silver electrode layer, and a PH2.0mm single-head terminal wire is welded on the crimping terminals and is used for connecting a signal amplifier.
3. The device for in-situ detection of silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the signal processing part comprises a signal amplifier and a development board, the development board is connected with a personal computer by using a USB connecting wire, and the voltage signal is converted into a digital signal and then displayed by a detection program.
4. The device for in-situ detection of silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the silicon negative electrode charge-discharge part is a copper foil connected with a lead, the copper foil is 25 mu m in thickness, 1.4cm in length and 0.9cm in width and used for loading a silicon negative electrode material to perform constant current charge-discharge, and the copper foil is adhered to a polyester sheet by PVDF glue.
5. The device for in-situ detection of silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the silicon negative electrode charging and discharging part also comprises a Xinwei electrochemical charging and discharging device which is used for leading the silicon negative electrode to generate lithium insertion and extraction reaction so as to simulate the deformation condition of the silicon negative electrode in actual circulation.
6. The device for in-situ detection of silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanism of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing structure is an H-shaped electrolytic cell with a bottle opening and a middle passage interface both sealed by Vaseline.
7. A method for in-situ detection of lithium ion battery silicon cathode expansion and failure mechanisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, reserving a pore passage on the sealing plug of the electrolytic cell for the positive and negative electrode leads and the sensor terminal lead to pass through, and sealing the contact parts of the outer side of the sealing plug and the pore passage of the sealing plug and the leads by polytetrafluoroethylene tapes;
s2, carrying out oxygen and water isolation treatment on a half-cell system consisting of the lithium sheet, the electrolyte and the silicon cathode through a sealed H-shaped electrolytic cell;
s3, loading a silicon negative electrode material by copper foil, and enabling the piezoelectric sensing part to synchronously deform with the negative electrode material during reaction;
s4, measuring a voltage value generated by deformation in the lithium intercalation and deintercalation reaction process of the silicon cathode material;
s5, enabling the silicon negative electrode to generate lithium insertion and extraction reaction through the Xinwei electrochemical charging and discharging device, and enabling the silicon negative electrode and the sensing part to deform;
and S6, transmitting the voltage signal generated by the sensor to a signal amplifier through a terminal wire, converting the amplified voltage signal into a digital signal through a development board, and finally outputting the voltage signal on a computer through a detection program.
8. The method of in-situ detection of lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanisms according to claim 7, wherein: in step S4, the working temperature range of the piezoelectric microcantilever sensor is 0-85 deg.C, and the sensitivity is 18-36 pC/N.
9. The method of in-situ detection of lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanisms according to claim 7, wherein: in step S5, the constant current charge-discharge current density range is 0.1-0.9A/g, and the voltage range is set to 0.01-2.50V.
10. The method of in-situ detection of lithium ion battery silicon negative electrode swelling and failure mechanisms according to claim 7, wherein: in step S6, the number of sampling bits of the development board is 8 bits, and the sampling frequency is 20 MHz.
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