CN111829403B - Experimental observation method for explosive forming projectile transient damage process - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B35/00—Testing or checking of ammunition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/64—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P3/68—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01P3/685—Devices characterised by the determination of the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using optical means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light for projectile velocity measurements
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental observation method for transient damage process of explosive-shaped shot, in the method, an initiating explosive detonates a main explosive to explode and crush a explosive-shaped cover to form the shot, a trigger signal is simultaneously given to a simultaneous framing scanning camera, when the trigger signal reaches a set trigger value of the simultaneous framing scanning camera, a shutter of the simultaneous framing scanning camera is opened, and a framing image and a scanning image are shot; finally, the framing part of the framing scanning camera obtains framing image data in the test process, and the scanning part obtains scanning image data in the test process. According to the experimental observation method, shot, fragment cloud and shock wave image information of the explosion-formed shot in the transient process of high-speed collision of the shot with the target can be obtained, and specific curve values such as shot speed, fragment cloud expansion speed and shock wave speed can be obtained by scanning the image, so that the transient damage process can be comprehensively described.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of explosion and damage, relates to a penetration damage transient process, and particularly relates to an experimental observation method for an explosion forming projectile transient damage process.
Background
The explosive shaped projectile (EFP) is a high-speed projectile formed by crushing, overturning and deforming a model cover by utilizing the energy-gathering principle and the detonation action of explosive. Because the explosion-formed projectile is insensitive to the explosion height, the explosion-formed projectile can effectively damage targets in a large explosion height range, is widely applied to the fighting parts of terminal sensitive projectiles, intelligent mines and the like, and plays an important role in modern wars. The research work on explosively formed projectiles has mainly focused on the impact of the detonation mode on the forming performance, the projectile flight characteristics and penetration performance. Explosive shaped projectiles, after penetrating the armor, can form fragments behind the armor, causing damage to personnel and key components protected by the armor. The existing explosion forming shot penetration test mainly adopts an X-ray photography technology to observe the shape of broken piece clouds, for example, Wangxi et al (research on the later-effect broken piece cloud experiment of explosion forming shot penetration steel targets, war science 2018,39(7): 1984-containing 1290) realizes the observation of the later-effect broken piece clouds of energy-gathering charge EFP penetration steel targets with different thicknesses by applying the technology. However, the X-ray photography technology can only obtain the movement position of the shot and the fragment cloud at a certain moment, and is difficult to obtain the movement speed of the continuous shot and fragment cloud, and meanwhile, the X-ray photography technology is difficult to obtain other information such as shock waves in the transient process. The high-speed camera can acquire the continuous motion speed of the projectile and can be used for qualitative description of the state of a moving object, but the frame frequency limit of the camera causes the measurement accuracy of the projectile speed to be relatively low, and other information such as shock waves in the transient process is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental observation method for the transient damage process of an explosion-formed projectile, and solve the technical problem that the experimental method in the prior art is difficult to comprehensively and accurately describe the transient damage process of the explosion-formed projectile.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental observation method for transient damage process of explosion-formed projectile, which arranges an explosion-formed projectile penetration target system in an explosion site, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and a laser lighting system are arranged, and a laser light path is ensured to penetrate through an explosion protection window to enter the center of a view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system by adjusting a reflecting plane mirror;
secondly, arranging an explosive forming projectile launching device and a target, ensuring that the target is horizontal and the explosive forming projectile vertically enters the target, and simultaneously ensuring that the projectile impact target area is positioned in the field of view of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system and the projectile motion axis is superposed with the left-right symmetrical line of the field of view;
thirdly, installing a trigger probe in the primary explosive column, connecting the trigger probe to a camera system through a trigger line, and measuring and recording the distance H from the trigger probe to the upper end face of the main explosive 1 Main explosive height H 2 And the distance H from the lower end surface of the shaped charge liner to the upper end surface of the target 3 ；
Fourthly, placing a marker in the visual field of the simultaneous frame scanning camera system, and comparing the actual size of the marker with the visual field of the simultaneous frame scanning camera systemDetermining a scale, and calculating the distance H from the upper end surface of the target to the top of the view field 4 ；
Step five, calculating the time difference delta T between the moment when the explosive forming projectile enters the visual field and the triggering moment of the trigger probe, and simultaneously setting the time delay of the framing scanning camera system by taking the delta T as the reference time difference, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, V a Estimating detonation wave velocity, V, for the initiating explosive b Prediction of detonation wave velocity, V, for main charges efp Estimating an average velocity for the explosively formed projectile;
inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive column, wherein the tail end of the detonator is connected to a delay detonator through a detonating wire, and meanwhile, the delay detonator is connected to a trigger circuit of a laser lighting system;
step seven, generating a pulse signal by a time delay detonator to turn on a laser light source and detonate a detonator, crushing a shaped charge liner to form a shot after the main explosive is detonated, simultaneously triggering a probe to trigger a signal for a simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and opening a camera shutter to obtain a framing image and a scanning image when the trigger signal reaches a set trigger value of a camera;
step eight, framing image data processing:
comparing the information between the two images obtained by framing, and dividing the information by the time interval to obtain the information of the shot incidence speed, the fragment cloud expansion speed and the shock wave speed;
step nine, processing scanned image data:
step 901, extracting continuous data points in a scanned image, and adding a plurality of data points at equal distance interpretation positions at an inflection point;
step 902, calculating the magnification ratio of the image formed on the scanned image, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α＝L X /L a
β＝L Y /L b
wherein α and β are each X, YMagnification ratio of direction, L X And L Y Length of scale in X and Y directions, L, respectively a And L b Respectively the size of the scale image on the scanned image;
step 903, converting the spatial two-dimensional information on the scanned image into information in a time-space coordinate:
obtaining the movement time of the explosive forming projectile by combining the X-direction magnification factor alpha with the slit distance on the scanning image; the motion distance of the projectile, the fragment cloud and the shock wave can be obtained through the magnification factor beta in the Y direction and the coordinates of each point on the scanning track, and the motion speed corresponding to each point can be obtained by dividing the measured coordinates in the Y direction in the image by the scanning time;
and 904, on the basis of carrying out digital interpretation on the image, combining the scanning speed and the image magnification ratio parameter of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system to obtain specific curve values of the speed of the test projectile, the expansion speed of the fragment cloud and the speed of the shock wave.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
the explosion forming projectile penetration target system comprises a laser lighting system, an explosion forming projectile launching device and a target, wherein a reflecting plane mirror is placed on one side of the explosion forming projectile launching device, the laser lighting system is arranged outside a first explosion protection window in an explosion place, and a simultaneous framing scanning camera system is arranged outside a second explosion protection window in the explosion place;
the explosive forming projectile launching device comprises a shaped charge liner, a main explosive and an initiating explosive column which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
The explosion site is an explosion tower, and a first explosion protection window and a second explosion protection window are arranged on the tower wall of the explosion tower.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the experimental observation method can obtain the image information of the motion state of the shot, the target collision process and the fragment cloud and shock wave forming process after the shot is collided with the target at high speed in the transient process of the explosive forming shot, and can obtain specific curve values of the shot speed, the fragment cloud expansion speed, the shock wave speed and the like by scanning the image, thereby realizing more comprehensive description of the transient damage process.
(II) the framing image can provide two-dimensional space information on sampling points in the whole process, but the time-space information between adjacent frames can be lost; the scanned image can clearly and continuously record the space motion process, but the space information outside the scanning slit can be completely lost, and complete and accurate transient damage process information can be obtained only by combining the two to form parallax-free framing and scanning simultaneous imaging recording. And by combining the damage data processing and information extraction technology, useful test information is extracted and distinguished, and information in the framing image and the scanning image is jointly processed, so that the damage process is comprehensively and accurately described.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of an explosive shaped projectile penetration target system of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic layout of the explosion-formed projectile launching device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a framed image in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a scanned image in an embodiment of the present invention.
The meaning of the individual reference symbols in the figures is: 1-a laser lighting system, 2-a simultaneous framing scanning camera system, 3-a reflecting plane mirror, 4-an explosion forming projectile launching device, 5-a target, 6-an explosion tower, 7-a first explosion protection window, 8-a second explosion protection window, 9-a camera view field;
401-detonator, 402-trigger probe, 403-primary explosive column, 404-main explosive, 405-shaped charge liner.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an experimental observation method for transient damage process of an explosion-formed projectile, which can be applied to the fields of weapon design, protection and the like, provides a method for observing the transient process of high-speed collision target of the explosion-formed projectile for scientific research personnel and engineering design personnel, and can be used for penetration experimental design, theoretical analysis and related engineering application of the explosion-formed projectile.
The invention aims to provide an experimental observation method for transient damage process of explosion-formed projectile, which adopts a laser light source and simultaneously divides/scans a camera system, thereby realizing the observation and recording of the transient process of high-speed collision target of the explosion-formed projectile and being applicable to experimental design, theoretical analysis and related engineering application of penetration of the explosion-formed projectile.
It should be noted that the X direction and the Y direction in the present invention refer to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the divided image, respectively.
It should be noted that the simultaneous framing scanning camera system in the present invention adopts a simultaneous framing scanning ultra-high speed photoelectric photographing system known in the prior art, for example, chinese patent with publication number CN103197499B, with patent names: a simultaneous frame-scanning ultra-high speed photoelectric photography system. As another example, a paper (Chang Li Hua et al, intense laser and particle Beam 2015, 27 (11): 115002-1-6), explosive column in-plane flux compression ultrahigh-speed simultaneous framing/scanning photography technique.
It is to be noted that all components in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all those known in the art.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the explosion-formed projectile penetration target system comprises a laser lighting system 1, an explosion-formed projectile launching device 4 and a target 5, wherein a reflecting plane mirror 3 is placed at one side of the explosion-formed projectile launching device 4, the laser lighting system 1 is arranged outside a first explosion protection window 7 of an explosion site, and a simultaneous framing scanning camera system 2 is arranged outside a second explosion protection window 8 of the explosion site;
the explosion-formed shot launching device 4 comprises a liner 405, a main explosive 404 and an initiating explosive column 403 which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the explosion site is an explosion tower 6, and a first explosion protection window 7 and a second explosion protection window 8 are disposed on a tower wall of the explosion tower 6.
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides an experimental observation method for an explosive forming projectile transient damage process, which arranges an explosive forming projectile penetration target system in an explosion site, and comprises the following steps:
step one, a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and a laser lighting system are arranged, and a laser light path is ensured to penetrate through an explosion protection window to enter the center of a view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system by adjusting a reflecting plane mirror;
in this embodiment, a schematic top view of an explosive forming projectile penetration target system is shown in fig. 1, and an explosion field is an explosion tower. K9 glass is adopted as the window of the explosion tower, and the reflectivity of the reflecting plane mirror is required to be more than or equal to 90 percent. The plane mirror is placed on the bullet frame to ensure that the plane mirror is at the same height as the window of the explosion tower, and the laser light path enters the center of the field of view of the simultaneous framing scanning camera by translating and rotating the plane mirror.
Step two, laying an explosion forming projectile launching device and a target, ensuring that the target is horizontal and the explosion forming projectile vertically enters the target, and simultaneously ensuring that the projectile impact target area is positioned in a field of view of a framing scanning camera system, and the motion axis of the projectile is superposed with the bilateral symmetry line of the field of view;
in this embodiment, the explosive forming projectile devices are arranged as shown in fig. 2, the main explosive adopts phi 45 red copper EFP, the initiating explosive columns are 5 sections of phi 20 × 20mm a explosive columns, the initiating mode adopts end face center initiation, and the initiating mode is initiated through a # 8 electric detonator. The target adopts a Q235 steel target column with the diameter of 130 multiplied by 20mm, the position and the posture of the device are determined by using a level ruler and a laser level meter, the target column is ensured to be horizontally and vertically incident on the target column by the projectile, and simultaneously, the projectile impact target area is ensured to be positioned in the field of view of the simultaneous framing scanning camera, and the motion axis of the projectile is coincided with the bilateral symmetry line of the field of view.
Thirdly, installing a trigger probe in the primary explosive column, connecting the trigger probe to a camera system through a trigger line, and measuring and recording the distance H from the trigger probe to the upper end face of the main explosive 1 Height H of main explosive 2 And the distance H from the lower end surface of the liner to the upper end surface of the target 3 ；
In this embodiment, the trigger probe is made of a thin copper wire and is clamped between the 1 st and 2 nd sections of the primary explosive. By measurement of H 1 ＝80mm、H 2 ＝60mm、H 3 ＝240mm。
Fourthly, placing a marker in the visual field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, determining a scale by comparing the actual size of the marker with the size of the marker in the visual field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and calculating the distance H from the upper end surface of the target to the top of the visual field 4 ；
Step five, calculating the time difference delta T between the moment when the explosive forming projectile enters the visual field and the triggering moment of the trigger probe, and simultaneously setting the time delay of the framing scanning camera system by taking the delta T as the reference time difference, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, V a Estimating detonation wave velocity, V, for initiating explosive b Prediction of detonation wave velocity, V, for main charges efp Estimating an average velocity for the explosively formed projectile;
in this embodiment, H is obtained by calculation 4 The estimated detonation wave velocity V of the explosive A after 37mm a The estimated detonation wave velocity V of the main explosive is 8km/s b Estimated average velocity V of the explosively formed projectile at 8.2km/s efp The Δ T calculated by substituting the above equation was 130.3 μ s, which was 1.8 km/s.
According to the field diameter and the jet speed, the framing scanning camera adopts a 100 mu s gear, 117 mu s to 206.2 mu s, and the framing interval is about 10 mu s. .
Inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive column, wherein the tail end of the detonator is connected to a delay detonator through a detonating wire, and meanwhile, the delay detonator is connected to a trigger circuit of a laser lighting system;
step seven, generating a pulse signal by a time delay exploder to turn on a laser light source and explode a detonator, crushing a shaped charge liner to form a shot after the main explosive is exploded, simultaneously triggering a probe to simultaneously scan a camera system trigger signal in a framing manner, and opening a camera shutter to acquire a framing image and a scanning image when the trigger signal reaches a camera set trigger value;
step eight, framing image data processing:
comparing the information between the two images obtained by framing, and dividing the information by the time interval to obtain the information of the shot incidence speed, the fragment cloud expansion speed and the shock wave speed;
in this embodiment, 2 framing images with an interval of 10 μ s are shown in fig. 3, the shape and the change rule of the fragment cloud can be obtained through the images, and the shot incidence speed, the fragment cloud expansion speed and the shock wave speed can be obtained through calculation.
Step nine, scanning image data processing:
step 901, extracting continuous data points in a scanned image, and adding a plurality of data points at equal distance interpretation positions at an inflection point;
step 902, calculating the magnification ratio of the image formed on the scanned image, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α＝L X /L a
β＝L Y /L b
wherein α and β are the respective amplification ratios in the direction of X, Y, L X And L Y Length of scale in X and Y directions, L, respectively a And L b Respectively the size of the scale image on the scanned image;
step 903, converting the spatial two-dimensional information on the scanned image into information in a time-space coordinate:
the movement time of the explosive forming projectile is obtained by combining the X-direction magnification factor alpha with the slit distance on the scanned image; the motion distance of the projectile, the fragment cloud and the shock wave can be obtained through the magnification factor beta in the Y direction and the coordinates of each point on the scanning track, and the motion speed corresponding to each point can be obtained by dividing the measured coordinates in the Y direction in the image by the scanning time;
and 904, on the basis of carrying out digital interpretation on the image, combining the scanning speed of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system and the image magnification ratio parameter to obtain specific curve values of the speed of the test projectile, the expansion speed of the fragment cloud and the speed of the shock wave.
In this embodiment, the framing image is shown in fig. 3, and the scanning image is shown in fig. 4. As can be calculated from fig. 3 and 4, the scale of the framing image is: α f 20/134 0.149 (mm/pixel); the distance scale factor of the scanned image is calculated in step 902, which is 0.77 times the framing, that is, α s is 0.77 α f is 0.115 (mm/pixel), and the time factor of the scanned image is: α st is 89.2/1832 is 0.0487(μ s/pixel).
On the basis, the point of the scanning image corresponding to the framing image can be calculated. The object motion speed is calculated by interpreting the time interval between the framing images and compared with the object motion speed calculated according to the scanned image information. In this embodiment, taking the motion speed of the fragmentation cloud as an example, the speed ratio calculated from the frame image and the scanned image is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Framed image to scanned image information comparison of fragmented cloud motion
Claims (3)
1. An experimental observation method for transient damage process of explosion-formed projectile is characterized in that an explosion-formed projectile penetration target system is arranged in an explosion site, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, a simultaneous framing scanning camera system and a laser lighting system are arranged, and a laser light path is ensured to penetrate through an explosion protection window to enter the center of a view field of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system by adjusting a reflecting plane mirror;
secondly, arranging an explosive forming projectile launching device and a target, ensuring that the target is horizontal and the explosive forming projectile vertically enters the target, and simultaneously ensuring that the projectile impact target area is positioned in the field of view of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system and the projectile motion axis is superposed with the left-right symmetrical line of the field of view;
step three, installing a trigger probe in the primary explosive column, wherein the trigger probe passes through a trigger lineConnected to a camera system, measuring and recording the distance H from the trigger probe to the upper end face of the main explosive 1 Height H of main explosive 2 And the distance H from the lower end surface of the shaped charge liner to the upper end surface of the target 3 ；
Fourthly, placing a marker in the visual field of the simultaneous frame scanning camera system, determining a scale by comparing the actual size of the marker with the size in the visual field of the simultaneous frame scanning camera system, and calculating the distance H from the upper end surface of the target to the top of the visual field 4 ；
Step five, calculating the time difference delta T between the moment when the explosive forming projectile enters the visual field and the triggering moment of the trigger probe, and simultaneously setting the time delay of the framing scanning camera system by taking the delta T as the reference time difference, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, V a Estimating detonation wave velocity, V, for the initiating explosive b Estimating detonation wave velocity, V, for the main charge efp Estimating an average velocity for the explosively formed projectile;
inserting a detonator into the initiating explosive column, wherein the tail end of the detonator is connected to a delay detonator through an initiating wire, and meanwhile, the delay detonator is connected to a trigger circuit of a laser lighting system;
step seven, generating a pulse signal by a time delay detonator to turn on a laser light source and detonate a detonator, crushing a shaped charge liner to form a shot after the main explosive is detonated, simultaneously triggering a probe to trigger a signal for a simultaneous framing scanning camera system, and opening a camera shutter to obtain a framing image and a scanning image when the trigger signal reaches a set trigger value of a camera;
step eight, framing image data processing:
comparing the information between the two images obtained by framing, and dividing the information by the time interval to obtain the information of the shot incidence speed, the fragment cloud expansion speed and the shock wave speed;
step nine, scanning image data processing:
step 901, extracting continuous data points in a scanned image, and adding a plurality of data points at equal distance interpretation positions at an inflection point;
step 902, calculating the magnification ratio of the image formed on the scanned image, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α＝L X /L a
β＝L Y /L b
wherein α and β are the respective amplification ratios in the direction of X, Y, L X And L Y Length of scale in X and Y directions, L, respectively a And L b Respectively the size of the scale image on the scanned image;
step 903, converting the space two-dimensional information on the scanned image into information in a time-space coordinate:
the movement time of the explosive forming projectile is obtained by combining the X-direction magnification factor alpha with the slit distance on the scanned image; the motion distance of the projectile, the fragment cloud and the shock wave can be obtained through the magnification factor beta in the Y direction and the coordinates of each point on the scanning track, and the motion speed corresponding to each point can be obtained by dividing the measured coordinates in the Y direction in the image by the scanning time;
and 904, on the basis of carrying out digital interpretation on the image, combining the scanning speed of the simultaneous framing scanning camera system and the image magnification ratio parameter to obtain specific curve values of the speed of the test projectile, the expansion speed of the fragment cloud and the speed of the shock wave.
2. The experimental observation method for the transient damage process of explosion-formed projectile as described in claim 1, wherein said penetration target system of explosion-formed projectile includes a laser illumination system, an explosion-formed projectile launching device and a target, a reflective mirror is placed at one side of said explosion-formed projectile launching device, a laser illumination system is placed outside the first explosion protection window of explosion site, and a simultaneous frame scanning camera system is placed outside the second explosion protection window of explosion site;
the explosive forming projectile launching device comprises a shaped charge liner, a main explosive and an initiating explosive column which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
3. The experimental observation method for the transient damage process of an explosively formed projectile of claim 2, wherein said explosion site is an explosion tower, and a first explosion protection window and a second explosion protection window are formed in the tower wall of the explosion tower.
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