CN111829294A - Pinellia ternata drying method - Google Patents
Pinellia ternata drying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111829294A CN111829294A CN202010757627.7A CN202010757627A CN111829294A CN 111829294 A CN111829294 A CN 111829294A CN 202010757627 A CN202010757627 A CN 202010757627A CN 111829294 A CN111829294 A CN 111829294A
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 241001522232 Pinellia ternata Species 0.000 title claims description 28
- 241001522129 Pinellia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 211
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC=CC1=O WOAHJDHKFWSLKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010031396 Catechol oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000030523 Catechol oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- GPLIMIJPIZGPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC(=O)C=CC1=O GPLIMIJPIZGPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007087 Apium graveolens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015849 Apium graveolens Dulce Group Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010591 Appio Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209524 Araceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010062717 Increased upper airway secretion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001058 brown pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010027388 phenol 2-monooxygenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000026435 phlegm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/888—Araceae (Arum family), e.g. caladium, calla lily or skunk cabbage
- A61K36/8888—Pinellia
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pinellia ternate drying method, which comprises the following steps: (1) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber to obtain peeled fresh pinellia tuber; (2) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 1500-; (3) and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the fresh pinellia ternate subjected to enzyme inhibition by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 200-400 watts/square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate. The pinellia ternate drying method is suitable for mass production, the process is energy-saving and environment-friendly, the effective ingredients of the pinellia ternate are retained, the apparent color and luster of the pinellia ternate are excellent, and the quality of the processed pinellia ternate is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Chinese herbal medicine harvesting and processing, in particular to a pinellia ternate drying method.
Background
It is recorded in literature that pinellia tuber is a dry tuber of pinellia tuber, also called as pinellia tuber, of the Araceae family, its raw product is toxic, and it has the clinical effects of drying dampness and resolving phlegm, calming adverse-rising energy and relieving vomiting, relieving distension and fullness and dissipating stagnation, etc. (Xian Yan Qin celery, processing method and clinical application of pinellia tuber of traditional Chinese medicine [ J ] latest medical information abstracts in the world. 2015, 15(83): 258-. In order to improve the efficacy, reduce the toxic and side effects and facilitate storage, the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are generally processed. Pinellia ternate belongs to one of the earliest recorded processed medicinal material varieties in Chinese medicine.
The earliest processed pinellia tuber method can be traced to Huangdi's Canon, and then the detailed record is made in Jinkui Yu Jia Jing, namely pinellia tuber is soaked in warm water for removing toxicity, the processed pinellia tuber is boiled for 12h by ginger after being cleaned, the prototype of the modern processed pinellia tuber method appears in Tang Dynasty at the earliest time, the processed pinellia tuber method is recorded in Bei Ji Qian jin Yao Fang, and the current processing method is improved by adding auxiliary materials such as vinegar and alum on the basis. The Song Dynasty 'bran-stir-fried' requires 'slight yellow' processing degree in the 'Shenghui Fang', so that the toxicity of the raw product can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the drug effect of the effective components can be better exerted, therefore, more drugs can be combined in clinic, and the traditional Chinese medicine is suitable for more indications. The Qing Dynasty's Chinese medicine works ' past Chinese medicine processing data essentials ' and ' Chinese pharmacopoeia ' record processing methods of different types of pinellia ternata, aiming at improving the efficacy of the pinellia ternata and eliminating the toxicity of the pinellia ternata, thereby enlarging the application range of the pinellia ternata, different types of the pinellia ternata are prepared by different processing methods, and the common main types are four: ginger processed pinellia tuber, raw pinellia tuber, prepared pinellia tuber and pinellia tuber.
The surface of the fresh pinellia is white and bright after peeling, but the surface color is changed into yellow after drying, so that the appearance quality and the price of the fresh pinellia are seriously influenced, and a plurality of natural plants serving as raw materials of food materials are easy to darken or change the original color into brown after being processed and stored by mechanical damage, and the phenomenon is called browning which is a relatively common color change phenomenon in food. The literature records that enzymatic reaction is the main reason of the browning mechanism in the drying process of pinellia ternata [ rigorous feast, research on the browning mechanism in the drying process of pinellia ternata [ J ] volume 42 of Chinese herbal medicine, 5 months in 2011 ]. The mechanism of the pinellia ternata browning reaction is mainly oxidation of polyphenols (enzymatic browning) under the catalysis of oxidase, and the enzymatic browning is a chemical process of generating brown or black substances by catalyzing endogenous phenolic compounds with the oxidase in plant raw materials and mainly using the polyphenol oxidase. The polyphenol oxidase oxidizes phenolic substances in plant tissues under the aerobic condition to form o-quinone, the o-quinone or unoxidized o-diphenol is subjected to secondary hydroxylation under the catalysis of phenol hydroxylase to generate trihydroxy compounds, then the o-ketone oxidizes the trihydroxy compounds into hydroxy quinone, and the hydroxy ketone is further polymerized to form brown pigment.
At present, the surface of the medicinal material is kept white by treating the medicinal material by a sulfur fumigation method, but the sulfur fumigation method not only influences the quality of the medicinal material and causes limited export, but also has great harm to the environment and the health of patients due to residual sulfur. Although the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2010 prohibits the use of the sulfur fumigation method for processing the medicinal materials, the influence of the surface color on the price still causes the pinellia ternata production area to adopt the processing method, so that the search for the sulfur fumigation alternative processing method is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a pinellia ternate drying method, which aims to solve the problems of browning reaction and harm to human bodies and environment caused by a sulfur fumigation method in the existing pinellia ternate processing method, so that the pinellia ternate has excellent apparent color while retaining effective components.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a pinellia ternate drying method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber to obtain peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(2) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 1500-;
(3) and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the fresh pinellia ternate subjected to enzyme inhibition by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 200-400 watts/square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate.
Preferably, the fresh pinellia ternate is subjected to impurity removal.
Preferably, the step (1) specifically comprises: and (4) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber, and performing centrifugal dehydration to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber.
Preferably, the far infrared radiation in the step (2) and the step (3) adopts a planar far infrared radiation plate to perform far infrared radiation.
Preferably, the far infrared radiation in the step (2) and the step (3) is performed under the condition of flowing dry nitrogen.
Preferably, the far infrared radiation wavelength of the step (2) and the step (3) is 2-15 μm.
Preferably, the step (2) specifically comprises: irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 2000 watts per square meter for 3min to obtain the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature of the peeled fresh pinellia ternate is raised in the process of irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia ternate with far infrared rays, so that the temperature is not raised continuously after being raised to 100 ℃ within one minute.
Preferably, the step (3) specifically includes: and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 300 watts per square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate.
Preferably, the drying method further comprises: cooling the dried pinellia tuber under flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere.
Preferably, the drying method further comprises: cooling the dried pinellia tuber to isothermal with ambient temperature in a flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the pinellia ternate drying method, after the fresh pinellia ternate is radiated by far infrared rays, moisture in the fresh pinellia ternate quickly forms a thermal effect, the thermal effect is generated in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia ternate, heat conduction through the surface layer of the fresh pinellia ternate is not needed, so that moisture in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia ternate is lost, oxidase is inhibited or even inactivated, and the mechanism of browning reaction of the fresh pinellia ternate is blocked. The intensity of the heat effect is related to the radiation intensity and the radiation time of far infrared, the greater the radiation intensity, the longer the radiation time, the greater the far infrared radiation energy density, and the shorter the enzyme deactivation time, but the too high radiation intensity, the too long radiation time can cause the change and the loss of the effective components of the pinellia ternata. The water content of the fresh pinellia is higher than 80%, the heat transfer efficiency of the fresh pinellia is high, the peeled fresh pinellia can quickly form a thermal effect to achieve water diffusion under the action of a far infrared matched absorption mechanism, and the effective components of the pinellia are kept heated for too long time to the maximum extent due to the short heating time of the fresh pinellia, so that the active components of the pinellia are effectively retained, and the apparent color and luster of the pinellia are excellent.
The drying process of the invention avoids browning phenomenon in the drying process of the pinellia ternate caused by enzymatic reaction, overcomes the problem that the residual sulfur influences the quality of medicinal materials and the health of patients in order to ensure the white surface of the processed pinellia ternate product by the sulfur fumigation in the prior art, is suitable for mass production, has energy-saving and environment-friendly process, retains the effective components of the pinellia ternate, avoids the loss of the effective components, can obviously improve the quality of the processed pinellia ternate product and improve the economic benefit of medical farmers.
(2) The peeled fresh pinellia is processed by centrifugal dehydration, so that the peel of the peeled fresh pinellia is dry and comfortable, and the efficiency of subsequent processes is improved.
(3) The intensity of the heat effect caused by the absorption of far infrared radiation inside the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber is related to the characteristics of a far infrared radiation device, and the far infrared radiation mode can ensure that the far infrared radiation distribution of the fresh pinellia tuber is more uniform in a surface radiation mode.
(4) According to the invention, far infrared radiation is carried out under the action of flowing dry nitrogen, steam evaporated by the fresh pinellia ternate is taken out to form an ultra-low humidity environment, the water concentration in the tissue of the fresh pinellia ternate and the ultra-low humidity environment formed in the heat insulation box form a significant humidity difference, the concentration diffusion of water in the tissue of the fresh pinellia ternate is accelerated, the thermal effect of far infrared and the concentration diffusion effect of flowing dry nitrogen form cooperativity, the water in the tissue of the fresh pinellia ternate is removed, and the drying purpose is better achieved.
(5) The selected far infrared radiation wavelength is 2-15 μm, which is that the infrared absorption of water molecules in the fresh pinellia tuber in the wavelength range can cause the stretching vibration and the angle changing vibration of hydroxyl (OH) so as to generate obvious heat effect, and the water loss and the biological enzyme in the biological tissue of the pinellia tuber are inhibited or destroyed.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The water content of the fresh pinellia is as high as more than 65%, and according to the characteristic that water molecules have larger absorption peaks for infrared wavelengths of 2 mu m and 12 mu m, the water molecules can generate obvious thermal effect on infrared absorption energy. The thermal effect of water molecules on the absorption of far infrared radiation is caused by stretching vibration and variable angle vibration of hydroxyl (OH) therein.
After the fresh pinellia is radiated by far infrared rays, moisture in the fresh pinellia rapidly forms a thermal effect, and the thermal effect is generated inside biological tissues of the fresh pinellia and does not need to be conducted through the surface layer of the fresh pinellia. The intensity of the heat effect caused by the absorption of far infrared radiation inside the biological tissues of the fresh pinellia tuber is related to the power of a far infrared radiation device and the characteristics of the far infrared radiation device, the larger the power of the far infrared radiation device is, the larger the energy density of the far infrared radiation is, but the change and the loss of the effective components of the pinellia tuber can be caused by the overlarge radiation intensity and the overlong radiation time. The heat effect that the fresh pinellia tuber is formed rapidly after being radiated by far infrared forms temperature rise and heat conduction rapidly in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber, and diffuses rapidly in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber, when the temperature rise in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber reaches to be higher than the boiling point of water, the water evaporates rapidly in the form of steam, the rapid steam evaporation process in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber is accompanied with the expansion vibration and the variable angle vibration aggravation of hydroxyl (OH), so that the temperature rise in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber is further improved, and the process causes the water escape and the biological enzyme in the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber to be inhibited or destroyed.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a pinellia ternate drying method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber to obtain peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(2) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 1500-;
(3) and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the fresh pinellia ternate subjected to enzyme inhibition by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 200-400 watts/square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate.
The invention obtains the dried pinellia ternate without browning.
Preferably, before the fresh pinellia ternate is peeled in the step (1), soil and impurities removing operation of the fresh pinellia ternate is carried out, the mesh roller medicine washing machine is adopted to roll and synchronously flush water, the soil and impurities are leaked out from meshes of the roller medicine washing machine, and the fresh pinellia ternate is kept in a roller of the medicine washing machine and then taken out from the roller of the medicine washing machine. The mesh drum medicine washing machine belongs to mature industrial products, and the specification and model are selected according to the treatment capacity.
Preferably, the peeling of the fresh pinellia ternate in the step (1) is carried out by adopting a low-speed stirring friction peeling method, the fresh pinellia ternate with soil impurities removed and water are placed in a stirring barrel to be stirred at a rotating speed of 20rmp, and the weight ratio of the fresh pinellia ternate to the water is 3: 7. The paddle of the stirring process stirrer pushes the fresh pinellia tuber to flow along with the paddle, the flowing fresh pinellia tuber and the fresh pinellia tuber around the flowing fresh pinellia tuber form a friction effect, the friction effect is formed by repeatedly pushing at the rotating speed of 20rmp of the paddle, the skin of the fresh pinellia tuber is removed by friction, the fresh pinellia tuber is poured out in a water process in the stirring barrel, the removed skin of the fresh pinellia tuber is poured out, and the peeled fresh pinellia tuber is taken out.
Preferably, the step (1) specifically comprises: and (3) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber, and performing centrifugal dehydration by using a filter centrifuge at the rotating speed of 800rmp to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber. The peeled fresh pinellia is dehydrated by centrifugation to make the peel of the peeled fresh pinellia dry and comfortable, which is beneficial to the next procedure and improves the efficiency.
Preferably, the far infrared radiation in the step (2) and the step (3) adopts a planar far infrared radiation plate to perform far infrared radiation. The intensity of the heat effect caused by the absorption of far infrared radiation inside the biological tissue of the fresh pinellia tuber is related to the characteristics of a far infrared radiation device, and the far infrared radiation mode can ensure that the far infrared radiation distribution of the fresh pinellia tuber is more uniform in a surface radiation mode.
Preferably, the far infrared radiation in the step (2) and the step (3) is performed under the condition of flowing dry nitrogen.
According to the invention, when the far infrared radiation intensity is 1500-, the method comprises the steps of taking out evaporated steam under the action of flowing dry nitrogen, inhibiting and even inactivating oxidase in a tissue of the fresh pinellia, blocking a mechanism of a browning reaction of the fresh pinellia, heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia by far infrared with the radiation intensity of 200 plus 400 watts per square meter, forming a concentration diffusion effect between the flowing dry nitrogen and the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tissue, accelerating the concentration diffusion between the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tissue and the flowing dry nitrogen by the radiation intensity of 200 plus 400 watts per square meter, forming synergy between the far infrared heat effect and the flowing dry nitrogen concentration diffusion effect, and removing moisture in the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tissue to achieve the drying purpose.
Preferably, the far infrared radiation wavelength of the step (2) and the step (3) is 2-15 μm.
Preferably, the step (2) specifically comprises: irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 2000 watts per square meter for 3min to obtain the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber.
Preferably, the temperature of the peeled fresh pinellia tuber is raised in the process of irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber with far infrared rays, so that the temperature is raised to 100 ℃ within one minute and is not raised any more. The rapid temperature rise is enzyme inhibiting property, the enzyme can carry out enzymolysis on the pinellia ternata active substances in the process of slow temperature rise by slowly raising the temperature, and the enzyme inhibiting effect is not as fast as that of the slow temperature rise. Therefore, the inhibition or inactivation of the biological enzyme is more complete while the effective components of the pinellia ternata are kept to the maximum extent.
Preferably, the step (3) specifically includes: and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 300 watts per square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate.
Preferably, the drying method further comprises: cooling the dried pinellia tuber under flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere.
Preferably, the drying method further comprises: cooling the dried pinellia tuber to isothermal with ambient temperature in a flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere.
According to the invention, the heat source of the planar far-infrared radiation plate is closed firstly, the hot dried pinellia is cooled, in order to prevent the hot dried pinellia from absorbing moisture in air in the cooling process, the flowing dry nitrogen is kept continuously introduced, the hot dried pinellia is cooled to be isothermal with the ambient temperature, and then the flowing dry nitrogen is closed.
The dry nitrogen belongs to GB/T8979-2008 standard gas products, the chemical property of the nitrogen is inactive, the nitrogen hardly reacts with other substances, the nitrogen is called inert gas, GB/T8979-2008 standard pure nitrogen does not contain free moisture, and the water content of the pure nitrogen is 15 ppm.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the invention and the following is an example of the invention.
Example 1
A pinellia ternata drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 100kg of fresh pinellia ternate into a mesh roller medicine washing machine, flushing water synchronously by rolling, and removing soil impurities to obtain the fresh pinellia ternate after impurity removal;
(2) adding 235kg of water into the fresh pinellia tuber after impurity removal, putting the mixture into a low-speed stirring barrel, stirring and peeling the mixture at the rotating speed of 20rmp, putting the mixture into a centrifugal barrel of a filter centrifuge, and centrifugally dehydrating the mixture at the rotating speed of 800rmp to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(3) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia ternate by adopting far infrared rays with a planar far infrared radiation plate with the radiation intensity of 1500 watts per square meter and the irradiation wavelength of 2-15 microns for 5min to obtain enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate;
(4) and (3) heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate with the radiation intensity of 200 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns, and removing water in tissues of the fresh pinellia ternate to obtain the dried pinellia ternate.
(5) Stopping far infrared irradiation, and cooling the dried rhizoma Pinelliae to be isothermal with the environment.
Example 2
A pinellia ternata drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 100kg of fresh pinellia ternate into a mesh roller medicine washing machine, flushing water synchronously by rolling, and removing soil impurities to obtain the fresh pinellia ternate after impurity removal;
(2) adding 235kg of water into the fresh pinellia tuber after impurity removal, putting the mixture into a low-speed stirring barrel, stirring and peeling the mixture at the rotating speed of 20rmp, putting the mixture into a centrifugal barrel of a filter centrifuge, and centrifugally dehydrating the mixture at the rotating speed of 800rmp to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(3) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia ternate by adopting far infrared rays with the radiation intensity of 2500 watts per square meter and the irradiation wavelength of 2-15 microns by adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate for 2min to obtain enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate;
(4) and (3) heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate with the radiation intensity of 400 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns, and removing water in tissues of the fresh pinellia ternate to obtain the dried pinellia ternate.
(5) Stopping far infrared irradiation, and cooling the dried rhizoma Pinelliae to be isothermal with the environment.
Example 3
A pinellia ternata drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 100kg of fresh pinellia ternate into a mesh roller medicine washing machine, flushing water synchronously by rolling, and removing soil impurities to obtain the fresh pinellia ternate after impurity removal;
(2) adding 235kg of water into the fresh pinellia tuber after impurity removal, putting the mixture into a low-speed stirring barrel, stirring and peeling the mixture at the rotating speed of 20rmp, putting the mixture into a centrifugal barrel of a filter centrifuge, and centrifugally dehydrating the mixture at the rotating speed of 800rmp to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(3) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia ternate by adopting far infrared rays with the radiation intensity of a planar far infrared radiation plate of 2000 watts per square meter and the irradiation wavelength of 2-15 microns for 3min to obtain enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate;
(4) and (3) heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate with the radiation intensity of 300 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns, and removing water in tissues of the fresh pinellia ternate to obtain the dried pinellia ternate.
(5) Stopping far infrared irradiation, and cooling the dried rhizoma Pinelliae to be isothermal with the environment.
Example 4
A pinellia ternata drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 100kg of fresh pinellia ternate into a mesh roller medicine washing machine, flushing water synchronously by rolling, and removing soil impurities to obtain the fresh pinellia ternate after impurity removal;
(2) adding 235kg of water into the fresh pinellia tuber after impurity removal, putting the mixture into a low-speed stirring barrel, stirring and peeling the mixture at the rotating speed of 20rmp, putting the mixture into a centrifugal barrel of a filter centrifuge, and centrifugally dehydrating the mixture at the rotating speed of 800rmp to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(3) adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate to radiate far infrared with the radiation intensity of 2000 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns, wherein the peeled fresh pinellia ternate is heated up in the process of irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia ternate by the far infrared, so that the temperature is not continuously raised after being heated up to 100 ℃ within one minute, and the irradiation time is 3min, thus obtaining the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate;
(4) and (3) heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate with the radiation intensity of 300 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns, and removing water in tissues of the fresh pinellia ternate to obtain the dried pinellia ternate.
(5) Stopping far infrared irradiation, and cooling the dried rhizoma Pinelliae to be isothermal with the ambient temperature.
Example 5
A pinellia ternata drying method comprises the following steps:
(1) putting 100kg of fresh pinellia ternate into a mesh roller medicine washing machine, flushing water synchronously by rolling, and removing soil impurities to obtain the fresh pinellia ternate after impurity removal;
(2) adding 235kg of water into the fresh pinellia tuber after impurity removal, putting the mixture into a low-speed stirring barrel, stirring and peeling the mixture at the rotating speed of 20rmp, putting the mixture into a centrifugal barrel of a filter centrifuge, and centrifugally dehydrating the mixture at the rotating speed of 800rmp to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(3) under the condition of flowing dry nitrogen, adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate to radiate far infrared with the radiation intensity of 2000 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns, wherein the peeled fresh pinellia ternate is heated up in the process of radiating the peeled fresh pinellia ternate by the far infrared, so that the temperature is not continuously raised after being heated up to 100 ℃ within one minute, and the radiation time is 3min, thus obtaining the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate;
(4) and under the condition of flowing dry nitrogen, heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber by adopting a planar far infrared radiation plate with the radiation intensity of 300 watts per square meter and the radiation wavelength of 2-15 microns to remove water in the tissues of the fresh pinellia tuber so as to obtain the dried pinellia tuber.
(5) Stopping far infrared irradiation, and cooling the dried rhizoma Pinelliae in flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere to be isothermal with ambient temperature.
In the above embodiments, the planar far-infrared radiation plate is disposed in a heat insulation box, a tray is disposed in the heat insulation box, the tray is disposed below the planar far-infrared radiation plate, the heat insulation box is connected to an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to a nitrogen gas supply device.
And (3) placing the peeled fresh pinellia ternate in the step (2) on the tray, and introducing flowing dry nitrogen (or introducing air) into the heat insulation box through the air inlet pipe by using a nitrogen gas supply device. The planar far-infrared radiation plate is electrified to emit the far infrared rays. The far infrared ray emitted by the planar far infrared radiation plate has the radiation intensity of 1500-. The moisture in the fresh pinellia tuber tissue quickly forms steam, the evaporated steam is brought out of the heat insulation box under the action of flowing dry nitrogen, oxidase in the fresh pinellia tuber tissue is inhibited or even inactivated, and the mechanism of browning reaction of the fresh pinellia tuber is blocked.
And continuously introducing flowing dry nitrogen (or introducing air) into the heat insulation box, heating and drying the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber by using far infrared with the radiation intensity of 200 plus 400W/square meter, accelerating the concentration diffusion of the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber tissue and the flowing dry nitrogen, forming the cooperativity of the far infrared heat effect and the flowing dry nitrogen concentration diffusion effect, and removing the water in the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber tissue to achieve the drying purpose.
Example 6
Evaluation of Effect
Detecting the appearance and the effective components of the finished pinellia ternate products obtained by the preparation method 1-4, wherein the detection data are shown in Table 1;
the control group randomly purchased pinellia ternate decoction pieces from a pharmacy of a Chinese medical hospital of trimethyl for synchronous detection, and the appearance and detection data are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 random sampling test data of pinellia tuber drying method
TABLE 2 random sampling and detecting data of pinellia tuber decoction pieces purchased in pharmacy of Chinese medical hospital
It can be seen that the dried pinellia ternate obtained by the technical scheme of the invention has more reserved effective components compared with the pinellia ternate purchased in the pharmacy of the traditional Chinese medical hospital in the prior art, the loss of the effective components is avoided, and the appearance of the pinellia ternate product obtained by the invention is white in color and firm in texture compared with the pinellia ternate in the prior art.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The pinellia ternate drying method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber to obtain peeled fresh pinellia tuber;
(2) irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 1500-;
(3) and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the fresh pinellia ternate subjected to enzyme inhibition by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 200-400 watts/square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate.
2. The pinellia ternate drying method according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) specifically comprises: and (4) peeling the fresh pinellia tuber, and performing centrifugal dehydration to obtain the peeled fresh pinellia tuber.
3. The drying method of pinellia ternata according to claim 1, wherein far infrared radiation in the steps (2) and (3) is performed by using a planar far infrared radiation plate.
4. The drying method of pinellia ternata according to claim 1, wherein the far infrared radiation in the steps (2) and (3) is performed under flowing dry nitrogen.
5. The drying method of pinellia ternata according to claim 1, wherein the far infrared irradiation wavelength of each of the steps (2) and (3) is 2 μm to 15 μm.
6. The pinellia ternate drying method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises: irradiating the peeled fresh pinellia tuber by adopting far infrared with the radiation intensity of 2000 watts per square meter for 3min to obtain the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia tuber.
7. The drying method of pinellia ternata according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the peeled fresh pinellia ternata is increased during the far infrared irradiation of the peeled fresh pinellia ternata in the step (2), so that the temperature is not increased any more after being increased to 100 ℃ for one minute.
8. The pinellia ternata drying method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises: and (3) carrying out drying treatment on the enzyme-inhibited fresh pinellia ternate by adopting far infrared radiation with the radiation intensity of 300 watts per square meter to obtain dried pinellia ternate.
9. The drying method of far infrared enzyme-inhibiting pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying method further comprises: cooling the dried pinellia tuber under flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere.
10. The drying method of far infrared enzyme-inhibiting pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 9, wherein the drying method further comprises: cooling the dried pinellia tuber to isothermal with ambient temperature in a flowing dry nitrogen atmosphere.
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| RU2152745C2 (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 2000-07-20 | Оно Фудз Индастриал Ко., Лтд. | Method for drying of foodstuffs by infrared radiation at under-pressure and low temperature |
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| CN208187032U (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-12-04 | 刘敏 | A kind of processing of farm products drying dehumidification device |
| CN111457681A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-28 | 深圳市维特欣达科技有限公司 | Infrared radiation belt type vacuum drier |
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| RU2152745C2 (en) * | 1995-10-12 | 2000-07-20 | Оно Фудз Индастриал Ко., Лтд. | Method for drying of foodstuffs by infrared radiation at under-pressure and low temperature |
| CN103283816A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-11 | 湖南中医药大学 | Processing method of dry lily pieces |
| CN104027513A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-09-10 | 李敏 | Green processing method for pinellia ternate |
| CN104000277A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-27 | 河南科技大学 | Supersonic wave-intensified far-infrared radiation drying method |
| CN104324130A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-02-04 | 河南科技大学 | Method for drying rehmannia through nitrogen regulating hot air |
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