CN111828036A - Tunnel supporting structure - Google Patents
Tunnel supporting structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111828036A CN111828036A CN202010769581.0A CN202010769581A CN111828036A CN 111828036 A CN111828036 A CN 111828036A CN 202010769581 A CN202010769581 A CN 202010769581A CN 111828036 A CN111828036 A CN 111828036A
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- pipe
- tunnel
- grouting
- column
- steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
A tunnel supporting structure comprises an annular artificial blasting area formed by complete rock mass around a collapse column at a certain height above a blasting tunnel, wherein the collapsed column after blasting is in a nail shape; a pipe shed pipe which passes through the collapse column from the construction chamber and enters the stable rock body in front for a certain distance, wherein the pipe shed pipe comprises a grouting steel pipe and a common steel pipe; vertical grouting steel pipes are inserted into the upward collapse columns from annular gaps among the pipe shed pipes, the outer ends of the vertical grouting steel pipes are welded with the pipe shed pipes, meanwhile, the outer leakage ends of a plurality of adjacent vertical grouting steel pipes can be converged at one point to form a junction, and every 3 junctions are welded together to form a triangular stable structure; the steel arches are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel, in addition, a drain hole is constructed from the construction chamber to the direction of the collapse column, and the bottom end of the drain hole is higher than the grouting reinforcement area. The stability of the tunnel over-collapse column supporting structure is higher than that of the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a karst column passing/collapse column supporting structure for a tunnel.
Background
The mountain tunnel is excavated in the mountain body, and unfavorable geological sections such as karst column/collapse column can be met in the excavation process, and the treatment measures can cause broken stones in the karst column/collapse column to protrude into the tunnel slightly improperly, so that various threats can be brought during tunnel construction, and the threats can be brought to the tunnel safety in the operation period. In the prior art, the method mainly adopts grouting to reinforce broken stones in the karst area/collapse column, improves the tunnel supporting strength, and solves the technical problems that a grouting body is not firm and the like and the karst column/collapse column is easy to collapse again in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel supporting structure which comprises a tunnel, a sinking column, an annular artificial blasting area and a supporting plate, wherein the sinking column is intersected with the tunnel and is perpendicular to the tunnel, the annular artificial blasting area is formed by expanding and brushing a tunnel top plate to form a construction chamber and blasting a complete rock mass around the sinking column at a certain height above the tunnel, and the blasted sinking column is in a nail shape;
the construction method is characterized by further comprising a pipe shed pipe which penetrates through the collapse column from the construction chamber and enters the stable rock body in front for a certain distance, wherein the pipe shed pipe comprises a grouting steel pipe and a common steel pipe, the grouting steel pipe is used for grouting and reinforcing gravels near the pipe shed pipe and in the collapse column area, the common steel pipe can be a solid or high-strength hollow steel pipe, so that the overall strength of the whole pipe shed pipe is improved, grouting filling can be realized, the grouting steel pipe and the common steel pipe are arranged in a staggered mode, and one end exposed out of the construction chamber is connected into a whole;
vertical grouting steel pipes are inserted into the upper collapse columns from annular gaps among the pipe sheds, grouting is performed through the vertical grouting steel pipes, the collapse columns break rock masses and are glued into a whole, and the height of the grouting range of the vertical grouting steel pipes is larger than that of the manual blasting area; the outer ends of the vertical grouting steel pipes are welded with the pipe shed pipe, meanwhile, the outer leakage ends of a plurality of adjacent vertical grouting steel pipes can be converged at one point to form a junction point, the junction point is positioned below the pipe shed pipe and above a tunnel top plate, and every 3 junction points are welded together to form a triangular stable structure;
the steel arch frames are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel, namely, no gap is left along the length direction of the tunnel until the collapse column section is completely supported by the steel arch frames; hydraulic struts are adopted to support upwards to intersect, and the bottom ends of the hydraulic struts are supported at the tops of the steel arch frames;
concrete materials are injected into gaps between the steel arch frames and the pipe shed pipes;
in addition, a drain hole is constructed from the construction chamber to the direction of the collapse column, and the bottom end of the drain hole is higher than the height of the grouting reinforcement area, so that the drain hole can be used for manually draining the collapse column water above the grouting reinforcement area.
Preferably, the annular artificial blasting area can be formed by blasting from the construction chamber to the construction blasting hole in the direction of the collapse column or by hydraulic fracturing.
Preferably, the stone particle size of the annular artificial blasting area is basically consistent with the original crushed stone particle size in the area of the collapse column.
Preferably, a horizontal drilling hole can be constructed firstly, and a pipe shed pipe is inserted into the horizontal drilling hole; the drill bit can be used for driving the pipe shed pipe to directly drill, and after drilling is finished, the drill bit and the pipe shed pipe are left in the hole.
Preferably, before the vertical grouting steel pipe is constructed, the sunk column broken stones at the lower part of the pipe shed pipe are cleaned up.
Preferably, when the hydraulic prop is adopted to upwards support and meet, the vertical grouting steel pipe can be subjected to supplementary grouting.
Preferably, part of the vertical grouting steel pipe can pass through the artificial blasting area and enter the stable rock stratum, and grouting is performed on the artificial blasting area and the collapse column area.
Preferably, the vertical grouting steel pipe can be directly drilled by driving the grouting steel pipe through a drill bit, and after drilling is finished, the drill bit and the vertical grouting steel pipe are left in the hole; or the vertical drilling hole can be constructed firstly, and then the vertical grouting steel pipe is inserted into the vertical drilling hole.
Preferably, the steel arch is also supported at a certain distance outside the collapse column section, namely the support range of the steel arch is larger than the length/diameter of the collapse column section, and the steel arch is welded and fixed in the length direction.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. blasting the complete rock mass around the collapse column at a certain height above the tunnel by adopting an artificial blasting means to form an annular artificial blasting area, wherein the blasted collapse column is in a nail-shaped shape, and a nail-shaped grouting reinforcement body is finally formed after grouting and is not easy to move downwards; and the rock can produce the bits of broken glass and rise (the volume grow) after the blasting, and then the rubble in the subside post of extrusion manual blasting regional level, and the rubble is crowded densely in the subside post, has further improved subside post structural stability, reduces and moves danger down.
2. Expanding and brushing a tunnel top plate to form a construction chamber as a construction space for drilling, grouting steel pipes and pipe shed pipes; the pipe shed pipe comprises a grouting steel pipe and a common steel pipe, the grouting steel pipe has a grouting function in the collapse column area, and the common steel pipe can be a solid or high-strength hollow steel pipe, so that the overall strength of the whole pipe shed pipe is improved, and grouting filling can be realized; the pipe shed pipe is welded with the vertical grouting steel pipe to form a transverse and longitudinal stable supporting structure; the construction of the outer pipe shed pipe also provides a safe operation space for constructing the vertical grouting steel pipe.
3. The outer ends of the plurality of vertical grouting steel pipes are converged at one point to form a junction, so that the vertical grouting steel pipes interact with each other to form a whole, and local collapse caused by loosening of individual vertical grouting steel pipes is prevented; and every 3 junctions are welded together to form a triangular stable structure, so that the structural stability of the vertical grouting steel pipe is further improved.
4. The hydraulic prop is adopted to support the junction upwards, so that the vertical grouting steel pipe is prevented from moving downwards under the action of gravity, a gap is formed near the vertical grouting steel pipe, meanwhile, the part which moves downwards can move upwards, then grouting is supplemented, and the generation of the gap is further prevented.
5. The collapse column section supports the steel arch, the supporting range of the steel arch is larger than the diameter/length of the collapse column section, and the steel arch is welded and fixed in the length direction, so that the steel arch supports the filling and reinforcing body, and meanwhile, the supporting force can be transferred to the direction far away from the collapse column.
6. The outer steel pipe of the grouting steel pipe can be radially expanded and tightly attached to the wall of the drilled hole, and the grouting steel pipe is similar to an inverted nail and placed in a rock body, so that the stability is further enhanced.
7. Set up the wash port, the wash port bottom is highly higher than the regional height of slip casting reinforcement for the wash port can be with the artifical discharge of the subsided post water of slip casting reinforcement region top, prevents to erode the slip casting reinforcement region.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an axial cross-section of the tunnel in relation to the collapse column (containing the construction chamber).
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the tunnel in relation to the collapse column (containing the construction chamber).
Fig. 3 is an axial sectional view (tunneled to a construction chamber location) after the tunnel construction is completed and the pipe is capped.
Fig. 4 is an axial section of the whole supporting structure of the tunnel (the position of the driving through the sinking column, only the top section of the steel arch is shown in the figure).
Fig. 5 is a view showing the structure of a vertically grouted steel pipe.
Fig. 6 is a structural view of the outer steel pipe.
In the figure, a tunnel 1; a trapping column 2; a tunnel roof 3; a construction chamber 4; a blast hole 5; drilling a hole horizontally 6; a pipe shed pipe 7; vertical drilling 8; a vertical grouting steel pipe 9; 9-1 of grouting steel pipe; 9-2 parts of an outer steel pipe; a bottom ring 9-3; 9-4 of rectangular long hole grooves; an outer ring 9-5; an intersection 10; a steel arch 11; a hydraulic strut 12; a drain hole 13; a manual blast area 14.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a tunnel supporting structure comprises a tunnel 1, a collapse column 2 which is intersected with the tunnel 1 and is perpendicular to the tunnel 1, a construction chamber 4 which is formed by expanding and brushing a tunnel top plate 3 at a distance from the collapse column, and an annular artificial blasting area 14 which is formed by blasting a complete rock mass around the collapse column at a certain height above the tunnel, wherein the shape of the blasted collapse column is a nail type;
the construction method is characterized by further comprising a pipe shed pipe 7 which penetrates through the collapse column from the construction chamber and enters the stable rock body in front for a certain distance, wherein the pipe shed pipe comprises a grouting steel pipe and a common steel pipe, the grouting steel pipe is used for grouting and reinforcing gravels near the pipe shed pipe and in the collapse column area, the common steel pipe can be a solid or high-strength hollow steel pipe, so that the overall strength of the whole pipe shed pipe is improved, grouting filling can be realized, the grouting steel pipe and the common steel pipe are arranged in a staggered mode, and one end exposed out of the construction chamber is connected into a whole;
a vertical grouting steel pipe 9 is inserted into the upward collapse column from the annular gap between the pipe and the pipe of the pipe shed, grouting is performed through the vertical grouting steel pipe 9, so that the collapse column and the broken rock mass are cemented into a whole, and the height of the grouting range of the vertical grouting steel pipe is larger than that of the manual blasting area; the outer ends of the vertical grouting steel pipes 9 are welded with the pipe shed pipes, meanwhile, the outer leakage ends of the adjacent vertical grouting steel pipes 9 can be converged at one point to form a junction point 10, the junction point is positioned below the pipe shed pipes and above a tunnel top plate, and every 3 junction points are welded together to form a triangular stable structure;
the steel arch frames 11 are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel, namely, no gap is reserved along the length direction of the tunnel until the collapse column section is completely supported by the steel arch frames; a hydraulic prop 12 is adopted to support the intersection 10 upwards, and the bottom end of the hydraulic prop is supported at the top of the steel arch frame;
concrete materials are injected into gaps between the steel arch frames and the pipe shed pipes;
in addition, a drain hole 13 is constructed from the construction chamber to the direction of the collapse column, and the bottom end of the drain hole is higher than the height of the grouting reinforcement area, so that the drain hole can manually drain the collapse column water above the grouting reinforcement area.
Preferably, the annular artificial blasting area 14 can be formed by blasting the construction blasting hole 5 from the construction chamber to the direction of the collapse column or by hydraulic fracturing.
Preferably, the stone particle size of the annular artificial blasting area is basically consistent with the original crushed stone particle size in the area of the collapse column.
Preferably, a horizontal drilling hole 6 can be constructed firstly, and a pipe shed pipe 7 is inserted into the horizontal drilling hole; the drill bit can be used for driving the pipe shed pipe to directly drill, and after drilling is finished, the drill bit and the pipe shed pipe are left in the hole.
Preferably, before the vertical grouting steel pipe 9 is constructed, the lower part of the pipe shed 7 is cleaned to remove falling column gravels.
Preferably, the vertical grouting steel pipe 9 can be additionally grouted when the hydraulic prop 12 is adopted to support the intersection 10 upwards.
Preferably, part of the vertical grouting steel pipe 9 can pass through the artificial blasting area and enter the stable rock stratum, and grouting is performed on the artificial blasting area and the collapse column area.
Preferably, the vertical grouting steel pipe 9 can be driven by a drill bit to directly drill, and after the drilling is finished, the drill bit and the vertical grouting steel pipe are left in the hole; or the vertical drilling hole 8 can be constructed firstly, and then the vertical grouting steel pipe 9 is inserted into the vertical drilling hole 8.
Preferably, the steel arch is also supported at a certain distance outside the collapse column section, namely the support range of the steel arch is larger than the length/diameter of the collapse column section, and the steel arch is welded and fixed in the length direction.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5-6, the vertical grouting steel pipe 9 has a structure comprising an inner grouting steel pipe 9-1 and an outer steel pipe 9-2 which can be sleeved at the bottom of the inner grouting steel pipe, the bottom end of the outer steel pipe is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the inner grouting steel pipe through a bottom ring 9-3, rectangular long hole grooves 9-4 are uniformly formed in the side wall of the outer steel pipe at intervals, the length of each rectangular long hole groove is consistent with the length direction of the grouting steel pipe, the outer end of the outer steel pipe is welded with an outer ring 9-5, and the outer ring is not connected with the inner grouting steel pipe; after the grouting steel pipe is inserted into the bottom of the hole, the hollow steel pipe is jacked into the outer circular ring, so that the outer steel pipe is radially expanded and tightly attached to the wall of the drilled hole; the inner grouting steel pipe is provided with grouting holes.
Claims (7)
1. A tunnel supporting structure comprises a tunnel, a sinking column which is intersected with the tunnel and is perpendicular to the tunnel, a construction chamber which is formed by expanding and brushing a tunnel top plate at a distance from the sinking column, and an annular artificial blasting area which is formed by blasting a complete rock mass around the sinking column at a certain height above the tunnel, wherein the blasted sinking column is in a nail shape;
the construction method is characterized by further comprising a pipe shed pipe which penetrates through the collapse column from the construction chamber and enters the stable rock body in front for a certain distance, wherein the pipe shed pipe comprises a grouting steel pipe and a common steel pipe, the grouting steel pipe is used for grouting and reinforcing crushed stones near the pipe shed pipe and in the collapse column region, the common steel pipe can be a solid or high-strength hollow steel pipe, the grouting steel pipe and the common steel pipe are arranged in a staggered mode, and one end exposed out of the construction chamber is connected into a whole;
vertical grouting steel pipes are inserted into the upper collapse columns from annular gaps among the pipe sheds, grouting is performed through the vertical grouting steel pipes, the collapse columns break rock masses and are glued into a whole, and the height of the grouting range of the vertical grouting steel pipes is larger than that of the manual blasting area; the outer ends of the vertical grouting steel pipes are welded with the pipe shed pipe, meanwhile, the outer leakage ends of a plurality of adjacent vertical grouting steel pipes can be converged at one point to form a junction point, the junction point is positioned below the pipe shed pipe and above a tunnel top plate, and every 3 junction points are welded together to form a triangular stable structure;
the steel arch frames are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the tunnel, namely, no gap is left along the length direction of the tunnel until the collapse column section is completely supported by the steel arch frames; hydraulic struts are adopted to support upwards to intersect, and the bottom ends of the hydraulic struts are supported at the tops of the steel arch frames;
concrete materials are injected into gaps between the steel arch frames and the pipe shed pipes; in addition, a drain hole is constructed from the construction chamber to the direction of the collapse column, and the bottom end of the drain hole is higher than the grouting reinforcement area.
2. The tunnel support structure of claim 1, wherein the annular artificial blasting zone is preferably formed by blasting a construction blast hole from the construction chamber toward the collapse column or by hydraulic fracturing.
3. The tunnel supporting structure of claim 1, wherein a horizontal bore hole is formed, and a pipe-shed pipe is inserted into the horizontal bore hole; or the drill bit can be used for directly drilling by driving the pipe shed pipe, and after drilling is finished, the drill bit and the pipe shed pipe are left in the hole.
4. The tunnel support structure of claim 1, wherein the vertical grouting steel pipes are additionally grouted when the hydraulic pillars are adopted to upwards support and meet.
5. The tunnel support structure of claim 1, wherein a portion of the vertical grouting steel pipes may pass through the artificial blasting area and into the stable rock formation, and grouting the artificial blasting area and the collapse column area.
6. The tunnel supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the vertical grouting steel pipe can be directly drilled by driving the grouting steel pipe with a drill bit, and after the drilling is finished, the drill bit and the vertical grouting steel pipe are left in the hole; or the vertical drilling hole can be constructed firstly, and then the vertical grouting steel pipe is inserted into the vertical drilling hole.
7. The tunnel supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the sunk column section is also supported by the steel arch at a certain distance, namely the supporting range of the steel arch is larger than the length of the sunk column section, and the steel arch is welded and fixed in the length direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010769581.0A CN111828036B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Tunnel supporting structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010769581.0A CN111828036B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Tunnel supporting structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111828036A true CN111828036A (en) | 2020-10-27 |
| CN111828036B CN111828036B (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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| CN202010769581.0A Active CN111828036B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Tunnel supporting structure |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0620357B1 (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 2002-01-09 | Xaver Jehle | Lining for a tunnel and method for its attachment |
| CN101718209A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-02 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Processing method of passing sunk pillars on full-mechanized mining working face |
| CN109372520A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-22 | 大成工程建设集团有限公司 | One kind passing through Debris Flow Deposition area tunnel support structure and its construction method |
| CN109812270A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-28 | 贵州智华建设工程有限责任公司 | A kind of supporting construction and its construction method of Tunnel Passing rich water filled-type solution cavity |
| CN110529151A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司漳村煤矿 | A kind of fully mechanized workface Grading And Zoning integrative consolidation passing sunk pillars on full method |
| CN111075482A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 华北科技学院 | Working face collapse column grouting waterproof treatment method |
-
2020
- 2020-08-04 CN CN202010769581.0A patent/CN111828036B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0620357B1 (en) * | 1993-04-14 | 2002-01-09 | Xaver Jehle | Lining for a tunnel and method for its attachment |
| CN101718209A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2010-06-02 | 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 | Processing method of passing sunk pillars on full-mechanized mining working face |
| CN109372520A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-22 | 大成工程建设集团有限公司 | One kind passing through Debris Flow Deposition area tunnel support structure and its construction method |
| CN109812270A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-28 | 贵州智华建设工程有限责任公司 | A kind of supporting construction and its construction method of Tunnel Passing rich water filled-type solution cavity |
| CN110529151A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-03 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司漳村煤矿 | A kind of fully mechanized workface Grading And Zoning integrative consolidation passing sunk pillars on full method |
| CN111075482A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-04-28 | 华北科技学院 | Working face collapse column grouting waterproof treatment method |
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| CN111828036B (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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