CN111828005B

CN111828005B - Face mining method

Info

Publication number: CN111828005B
Application number: CN202010721458.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何满潮; 杨军; 王亚军; 高庆; 侯世林; 杨刚; 高玉兵
Original assignee: Beijing China Coal Mining Innovation Alliance Energy And Environmental Science Research Institute
Current assignee: Beijing China Coal Mining Innovation Alliance Energy And Environmental Science Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-07-24
Filing date: 2020-07-24
Publication date: 2021-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-24
Also published as: CN111828005A

Abstract

The invention relates to an underground mineral mining method, and discloses a working face mining method, which comprises the following steps: before mining, constructing on a working face to form a cut hole so as to form a starting point of mining on the working face; performing gob-side entry retaining while mining at two ends of the working face to respectively form a first gate way and a second gate way; the first gate way and the second gate way form a ventilation and transportation channel of the operation surface. The mining method for the bilateral entry retaining has the advantages and positive effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention can ensure the ventilation of the whole coal mining area, does not need to tunnel around the mining area to prepare a roadway, does not need to tunnel the crossheading in advance when each working face in the mining area is mined, but forms the crossheading after coal mining, thereby greatly reducing the huge workload caused by tunneling the crossheading in advance, greatly shortening the well construction period, simultaneously, also needing no coal pillars to be reserved, and saving resources.

Description

Face mining method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a mining method of underground minerals, in particular to a mining method or a mining method for coal underground mining.

Background

As shown in fig. 1, chinese patent publication No. CN105240013A discloses a long wall mining N00 construction method, which includes at least one mining area 2, an air return downhill passage 25 and a track downhill passage 26 are directly provided at one side of the mining area 2, and a belt downhill passage 28 is provided in the mining area from the wellhead to the other side. The return air downhill channel 25, the track downhill channel 26 and the belt downhill channel 28 are all communicated with the wellhead, and the belt downhill channel 28 is communicated with the return air downhill channel 25 after surrounding the whole mining area 2, so that an integral ventilation system of the mining area 2 is formed.

By adopting the mining mode operation, before the mining of the working face, the roadway needs to be tunneled in advance in the mining area for realizing the functions of ventilation, pedestrians, transportation and the like of the working face, the tunneling of the roadway causes the problems of huge workload of coal production, frequent safety accidents in the tunneling process, overlong time consumption of the tunneling, frequent shortage of mine production and resource waste caused by the arrangement of coal pillars.

The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the roadway must be excavated in advance during mining in a mining area, the amount of early engineering is large, the excavation continuation is short, safety accidents frequently occur in the excavation process, and resources are wasted due to the reserved coal pillars and the like in the prior art, the present disclosure aims at the above limitations and needs to solve the following technical problems: the first mining face must advance the roadway.

Another primary object of the present invention is to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art by providing a face double-sided entry-retaining mining method, the mining process comprising the steps of:

within a plurality of faces of a mining area, first excavating a major roadway to a first face of the plurality of faces;

the first mining face is mined from one end close to the large roadway to the other end of the working face, during the mining process of the first mining face, gob-side entry retaining is carried out while mining of two end parts of the first mining face, the first roadway and the second roadway are formed, and a top plate of the middle part collapses to form a gob; the first gate way and the second gate way of the first mining face do not advance roadway driving; the first gate way and the second gate way of the first mining face are formed by retaining a gate behind two ends of the working face;

performing gob-side entry retaining operation around the goaf and simultaneously performing operation of closing the goaf;

extending the main roadway to the next adjacent working face, moving the working face, and mining the next adjacent working face;

in the later working face mining process, the main roadway extends to the next adjacent working face, the second gate way of the previous working face becomes the first gate way of the working face along the empty gate, and the gate way is only a part close to the next working face and becomes the first gate way of the next working face;

and sequentially mining the next adjacent working face, continuously caving the top plate into a gob along with mining, and performing gob-side entry retaining operation around the gob and closing the gob.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein: before mining, constructing on a working face to form a cut hole so as to form a starting point of mining on the working face;

performing gob-side entry retaining while mining at two ends of the working face to respectively form a first gate way and a second gate way;

the first gate way and the second gate way form a ventilation and transportation channel of the operation surface.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gate and the second gate of the working face are each formed with a gate behind both ends of the working face.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gate-way and the second gate-way of the working face are not driven ahead of time.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the gob-side entry retaining is formed by a roof cutting pressure relief self-entry forming process.

According to one embodiment of the invention, rocker arms are additionally arranged on two sides of the coal mining machine, so that the first gate way area and the second gate way area are both cut by the coal mining machine, and the side roadway walls are cut by the coal mining machine.

In face mining according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first and/or second gateroads of the panel are cut by a small shearer or roadheader.

According to one embodiment of the invention, in face mining, the height of the tail of the scraper conveyor is reduced, so that the rocker arm of the coal mining machine can mine at the tail of the scraper conveyor, and the first gate way and/or the second gate way of the mining area are/is cut out of the side roadway side by the coal mining machine.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a mining method for mining a panel, the panel including a plurality of faces, comprising the steps of:

forming a main roadway channel communicated to the first mining working face;

the first mining face is mined using the face mining method as described above.

According to an embodiment of the invention the panel is provided with two or three main lanes for inlet air, return air and coal transport.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the mining process further comprises the steps of: before the next working face is mined, a cut hole is formed at the starting point of the next working face, the working face is moved, and then the next working face is mined.

According to an embodiment of the invention, during the subsequent face mining, the major roadway extends towards the next face, the second gate retaining of the previous face becomes the first gate retaining of the next face along the empty roadway, while the retaining position is only the part close to the next face, which becomes the first gate retaining of the next face.

According to an embodiment of the invention, after each working face is advanced to the stope line and mining is completed, a gob-side entry retaining is carried out on the working face passage, and the entry retaining is communicated with the first gate way and the second gate way.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the working face mining directions are parallel to the main roadway; or the mining directions of the working faces are perpendicular to the main roadway channel.

According to the technical scheme, the mining method has the advantages and positive effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention does not need to prepare a mining area for tunneling a preparation roadway in advance, does not need to tunnel an upper crossheading and a lower crossheading in advance when each working face in the mining area is mined, and forms the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading in the coal mining process, thereby greatly reducing the huge workload caused by the advance tunneling of the preparation roadway and the upper crossheading and the lower crossheading, shortening the well construction period, and saving resources without reserving coal pillars.

After the main roadway is excavated to the first mining face position, the bilateral roadway-retained forward mining of the first mining face is synchronously developed, so that the formal production time of a mining area can be greatly advanced. In the specific operation method, three large roadways are not required to be developed and completed, and a circle of operation roadway surrounding a mining area is not required to be tunneled, and the mining area comprises a mining and retaining integrated body at two sides, a top cutting and retaining roadway operation area and a goaf where a top plate in the middle naturally collapses.

These technical ideas are not taught or suggested by the earlier N00 patent, because the mining method dominated by the N00 method has largely broken through the scope of the original industry standard and specification of long-arm mining, and actually only the research and development area dominated by the applicant's technology is dared to break through the trial point of the conventional thinking for actual operation, and even more, the scheme has a larger breakthrough than the mining method dominated by the original N00 method, and it is conceivable that the skilled person will not have a technical idea of further breakthrough in the case that the first step can be clearly implemented.

The scheme aims at a mine with a main roadway formed by tunneling, namely, under some conditions, the main roadway cannot be formed by adopting a mining and retaining integrated operation mode due to geological condition limitation or safety consideration, and under the condition, the main roadway still needs to be formed by adopting a tunneling mode. On the other hand, compared with the patents of the whole mining area without coal pillars, the scheme still has the technical characteristic of quick mining area investment operation because the maintenance of a large roadway is not required to be finished.

Drawings

Various objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are merely exemplary of the invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings, like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the different views. Wherein:

fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a longwall mining operation of the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a face of a mining method of double-sided entry retaining according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a second face of a double-sided entry retaining mining method according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of another face of the mining method of double-sided entry retaining according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of another second face of the double-sided entry retaining mining method according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a face of a mining method of double-sided entry retaining according to a second embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a second face of a double-sided entry retaining mining method according to a second embodiment.

Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of another face of the mining method of double-sided entry retaining according to the second embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of another second face of a double-sided entry retaining mining method according to a second embodiment.

Fig. 10 is a schematic layout of the whole equipment of the working face in the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 11 is a layout diagram of the whole double-side multi-point coal mining equipment of the working face in the embodiment of the application.

FIG. 12 is a layout diagram of the whole equipment for single-side multi-point coal mining on the working face in the embodiment of the application.

Fig. 13 is a schematic layout of the working face module type multi-point coal mining roadway overall equipment in the embodiment of the application.

Fig. 14 is a schematic layout of the mining integrated shearer tunnel cutting face equipment in the embodiment of the application.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a multi-point coal mining roadway arrangement in the embodiment of the application.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a four-machine fitting lane in the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.

The embodiment of the invention provides a double-side entry retaining mining method which does not need to tunnel and does not have coal pillars in a mining area, thereby reducing the cost and the workload.

In order to achieve the above purpose, a basic technical scheme of the mining method for the bilateral entry retaining of the working face in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following main steps:

the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a cut hole is formed in a first mining working face in a construction mode before mining, so that a starting point of mining of the working face is formed;

secondly, performing gob-side entry retaining while mining at two ends of the working face to respectively form a first gate way and a second gate way of the working face;

and a third step, forming a ventilation and transportation channel of the working surface by the first gate way and the second gate way.

In the embodiment of the invention, when the whole mining area is mined, a main roadway channel communicated to the first mining working face is formed firstly. The main lane channel at least comprises a transport main lane and a return air main lane, and the main lane is further refined into a belt main lane, a return air main lane and a track main lane in some embodiments. The main roadway is a passage excavated for mining lifting, transportation, ventilation, drainage, power supply and the like during underground mining.

The hole cutting means that a tunnel communicated with a transportation main tunnel and a return air main tunnel is tunneled along a mining line of a coal face, so that a set of independent return air system (air inlet and return can form effective circulation) is formed, and mining face mining equipment can be arranged for mining after the return air system is formed.

The working face crossheading (also called as an exploitation roadway) is provided with two conveying crossheading and a return air crossheading, wherein the conveying crossheading is provided with a belt conveyor which is responsible for conveying coal out of the working face, conveying air into the crossheading and returning air into the return air crossheading; the first gate way is mainly used for conveying air, the second gate way is mainly used for return air of the working face, and fresh air flows enter from the working face machine lane and return air lanes through the working face to form the system.

In the implementation, the gob-side entry retaining means that a roadway is formed by cutting a roof along the edge of a goaf behind a coal face. The traditional meaning "gob entry" refers to: and maintaining the original stoping roadway along the edge of the goaf at the rear of the coal face. It can be seen that the substantial difference is that the present embodiment does not have an "original mining roadway" and does not have any advance operation (such as excavation and lane protection) relative to the working surface.

It will be appreciated that the main steps of the face double-sided entry mining method of the embodiment of the invention described above, the first of which forms the cut-out, need to be carried out first, and the second and third steps carried out substantially simultaneously.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first gate and the second gate of the working face are each formed with a gate behind both ends of the working face. That is to say, the first crossheading and the second crossheading do not need to be driven in advance before mining, and coal in the space of the first crossheading and the second crossheading is simultaneously extracted during coal mining operation, the first crossheading and the second crossheading are both provided with two lane walls, one of the two lane walls is a coal wall formed during mining operation, and the other lane wall is formed through lane retaining operation. The term "rearward" as used herein refers to the direction of travel of the mining operation, with the unmining side being referred to as forward and the mined side being referred to as rearward.

According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the panel is provided with two or three main roadways for air intake, return and coal transport; specifically, before the next working face is mined, a cut hole is formed at the starting point of the next working face, the working face is moved, and the next working face is mined; during the mining of the subsequent working face, the main roadway extends to the next working face, the second gate-way gob-side entry retaining of the previous working face becomes the first gate-way of the next working face, and the entry retaining position is only a part close to the next working face, and the entry retaining becomes the first gate-way of the next working face.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the gob-side entry retaining is a roof-cutting pressure relief self-entry-forming process. Wherein, three key steps are involved, top cutting, pressure relief and self-lane forming.

After stoping, the blasting technology can be selectively adopted, directional presplitting is adopted for a top plate on the side of the roadway front side (the side deeper into the goaf), the length of a cantilever beam of the top plate of the goaf on the side of the crossheading is shortened, after the working face is pushed, the top plate is automatically cut down along a presplitting cutting seam under the action of mine pressure to form the roadway side, and the roadway side can be used as the crossheading of the next working face.

The blast hole can be charged by a bidirectional energy gathering device, and the energy gathering direction is aligned to the fracture direction. After the explosive is detonated, the shock waves and the stress waves are preferentially and intensively released along a set direction, and radial initial cracks consistent with the direction of the energy gathering holes are formed on the wall of the gun hole. Explosion gas rushes into the radial initial cracks, tensile stress concentration is generated in the set direction, the rock mass is fractured, and pre-cracking and joint cutting of the top plate are achieved.

In addition, the anchor cable/anchor bolt support has the function of resisting deformation under the condition of constant resistance and the function of resisting impact deformation energy by adopting a constant-resistance large-deformation device.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, after each of the working faces is advanced to the stope line and mining is completed, a gob-side entry retaining is performed on the working face passage, and the entry retaining is communicated with the first gate way and the second gate way. The working face channel is a dynamic tunnel for arranging mining equipment, and working equipment such as a scraper conveyor, a coal mining machine, a support and the like can be arranged in the working face channel. Due to geological conditions, plane arrangement, production systems and other reasons, an extraction stopping line is arranged to limit the forward extraction length of the working face, extraction is stopped and extraction equipment is withdrawn after the working face reaches the position, and the extraction stopping line is generally arranged at a reasonable position. In the embodiment of the invention, the gob-side entry retaining is carried out on the mining channel so as to form a connecting lane, so that the first gate way and the second gate way can still be communicated for the mining of the next working face.

And (3) adopting a blasting technology before the working face is withdrawn, selectively adopting directional presplitting on a side top plate of the front wall of the mining operation channel, and cutting off an old top above the mining operation channel. After the working face equipment is withdrawn, the roof automatically falls along the pre-splitting cutting seam under the action of mine pressure, the length of the roof cantilever beam on the side of the mining area is shortened, and the pressure intensity of the mining operation channel is weakened.

Embodiments of the present invention may be described specifically as follows: within the scope of the N faces of the mining area, a major roadway is first dug to the first face of the N faces.

Mining the first mining face from one end close to the main roadway to the other end of the working face; in the process of first mining face mining, gob-side entry retaining is carried out while mining is carried out on two end parts of a working face, so that a first gate way and a second gate way are formed, and a top plate of the middle part collapses to form a gob;

and sequentially mining the next adjacent working face, and simultaneously continuously caving the top plate into a gob along with the mining, and simultaneously performing gob-side entry retaining operation around the gob and simultaneously performing closed gob operation.

In an alternative embodiment, the gob-side entry retaining process may employ a roof-cutting pressure relief self-entry process. The roof cutting, pressure relief and self-roadway forming process mainly comprises the steps of working face coal mining, roof directional joint cutting, roadway retaining roof supporting, gangue retaining supporting and the like. And through the directional joint cutting of the top plate, the stress transmission between the roadway top plate and the goaf top plate is cut off in a certain range, and the pressure of the roadway top plate is weakened. Meanwhile, the sinking of the top plate is controlled by using the roadway support, so that the surrounding rock of the formed roadway can play a self-bearing role to the maximum extent, and the deformation of the roadway is reduced. And finally, supporting the collapsed waste rock in the goaf by using a waste rock retaining support, preventing the waste rock from entering a roadway, and ensuring that the roadway reaches the design requirement.

In an alternative embodiment, the following scheme can be selected as the operation method for performing gob-side entry retaining while mining, but the following scheme is not limited to the operation method. Such as: 1) rocker arms are additionally arranged on two sides of the coal mining machine, so that the upper and second crossheading areas are cut by the coal mining machine; 2) the first crossheading is cut by another small-sized coal mining machine or a heading machine, and methods such as reinforcing support, manual coal discharging and the like are adopted; 3) the height of the tail of the scraper is reduced, and the second gate way is cut by a coal mining machine.

In an alternative embodiment, the closed goaf may be treated by guniting, but not limited to this, in order to prevent fresh air from flowing into the goaf in the air intake tunnel and ensure that it reaches the working face for production.

Compared with the prior art, the invention can ensure the ventilation of the whole coal mining area, does not need to tunnel around the mining area to prepare a roadway, does not need to tunnel the crossheading in advance when each working face in the mining area is mined, but forms the crossheading after coal mining, thereby greatly reducing the huge workload caused by tunneling the crossheading in advance, greatly shortening the well building period, and saving resources because no coal pillars need to be reserved.

The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

the first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the mining method of the bilateral entry retaining of the embodiment of the present invention, the current mining area may include N working faces, one side of the N working faces is directly provided with a return air main lane channel 29, a belt main lane channel 24 and a track main lane channel 28, which are all communicated with the wellhead to form a complete ventilation and transportation system, and with the alternation of the working faces, the three main lanes extend to the new working face and are then communicated with the new working face to form a complete transportation and return air system. Wherein the dotted line part in the figure is a roadway formed in the following, and the solid line part is a roadway formed before or during the first mining face operation.

In this embodiment, each face includes during production:

constructing and forming a cut hole 31 on the first mining face 20 before mining so as to form a mining starting point of the working face; one end of the cut hole 31 is communicated with the belt main lane channel 24, and the other end of the cut hole 31 is sequentially communicated with the track main lane channel 29 and the return air main lane channel 28. In one embodiment, the cut hole 31 may be a portion of the front end of one of the three main roadways, and may be retained along the roadway after mining. The cut hole 31 only needs to dig a short connecting channel to realize the communication with the track main lane channel 29 and the return air main lane channel 28.

During mining at the face 20, mining is carried out forward from one side of the belt roadway 24 to the other side of the panel. As shown in fig. 3, the first gate way 25 and the second gate way 27 at both ends of the working face 20 are cut by a shearer with rocker arms at both sides, and during mining, roof cutting and roadway retaining work is performed in the first gate way 25 and the second gate way 27, so that both ends of the working face become roadways and the middle part of the working face collapses into a gob. In the process, the first gate groove 25 can be selected to be communicated with the large track lane channel 29 to form an air inlet channel of the whole first mining face 20, the first gate groove 25 can also be communicated with the large belt lane channel 24 to form a coal conveying channel of the first mining face, and the second gate groove 27 can be selected to be communicated with the large return air lane channel 28 and the large track lane channel 29 to form a material conveying channel and a return air channel of the first mining face.

Referring to fig. 2, after the working face is advanced to the stope line 32 and mining is completed, the working face passage is optionally subjected to gob-side entry retaining which can be communicated with the first gate way 25 and the second gate way 27. In the embodiment of the invention, the gob-side entry retaining is carried out on the mining channel so as to form a connecting lane, so that the first gate way 25 and the second gate way 27 can still be communicated for the mining of the next working face.

After all the above-mentioned retained roadway operations, the two side walls of retained roadway are undergone the processes of guniting and side-protecting operation, and the main side wall side is undergone the processes of guniting and side-protecting so as to seal goaf.

The first mining face 20 is finished, the first gate way 25 becomes a connecting part of a large tunnel channel 24 of the belt at the upper part of the mining area and a large tunnel channel 22 of the belt at the lower part of the mining area, the connecting part is used as a coal transporting and air inlet channel of the whole mining area, meanwhile, the large tunnel is extended to the second working face 21, the working face is moved to the starting point of the second working face 21, and the starting point of the second working face 21 can be still positioned at the side close to the large tunnel (three large tunnels) so as to mine the second working face 21;

in the mining of the subsequent working face, taking the second working face 21 as an example, as shown in fig. 3, the return air main lane channel 28 and the rail main lane channel 29 are extended to the second working face 21, and at this time, the second gate 27 of the first mining working face 20 becomes a first gate of the second working face 21, and the lower belt main lane channel 22 and the rail main lane channel 28 are communicated to become a coal transporting and air feeding channel of the second working face 21; in this case, the entry is only located near the third face 23, and the cut top entry forms a gate 26, communicates with a return air tunnel 28 as a return air and transport passage for the face 21, and serves as a first gate for the third face 23.

In the embodiment, a scraper, a shearer and a plurality of supports are selectively arranged in the working face passage of the first mining working face 20, the supports are supported between the top plate and the bottom plate of the first mining working face, supports are provided above the scraper and the shearer, and the supports can move along with the stepping movement of the scraper and the shearer. The scraper generally comprises a head power part, a tail power part and a plurality of module bodies, and the coal mining machine performs coal mining operation along a track of the scraper.

In addition, a transfer conveyor, a crusher and a belt conveyor can be arranged in the first crossheading 25 to be in butt joint with the scraper conveyor for transfer conveying operation, and a plurality of groups of top-cutting side-protecting supports are arranged on the main side to support the main side. The reversed loader, the crusher and the belt conveyer are positioned on the coal side, the multiple groups of top-cutting and side-protecting supports are positioned on the main side, and the reversed loader conveying operation and the gob-side entry retaining operation can be carried out in the first gate way. An equipment train is also arranged in the second gate way 27, and a plurality of groups of top-cutting side-protecting supports are arranged on the main side to support the main side.

In addition, in the embodiment, roadway retention is realized while roof cutting and pressure relief are performed, in the embodiment, directional joint cutting needs to be performed before roof cutting and pressure relief and gob-side roadway retention, an anchor rod, a common anchor cable and/or a constant-resistance anchor cable needs to be adopted for supporting a top plate of the roadway, and meanwhile, a hydraulic support, a wooden tray and the like can be selected for comprehensive supporting so as to ensure the safety of the roadway.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the mining area may be provided with only the belt main lane channel 24 and the rail main lane channel 28, the belt main lane channel 24 is used for coal and air return of the whole mining area, and the rail main lane channel 28 is used for air inlet and material transportation of the whole mining area. Compared with the method of digging one large roadway less, the specific mining method embodiment comprises the processes of coal mining, roadway retaining on two sides of a working face, goaf sealing, moving of the working face and the like. The arrangement mode does not need to advance tunneling of the crossheading, but forms the crossheading after coal mining, so that huge workload caused by advancing tunneling of the crossheading is greatly reduced, the well construction period is greatly shortened, meanwhile, coal pillars do not need to be reserved, resources are saved, the achieved effect is consistent with the expected effect of the disclosure, and compared with the embodiment, one large roadway is excavated at one time, and cost is saved.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the second embodiment of the present application is different from the first embodiment in that the working face is arranged along the belt main lane channel 24 and the track main lane channel 28, and other processes are the same as the first embodiment, such as coal mining, bilateral entry retaining on the working face, closed goaf, and moving of the working face. The arrangement mode does not need to advance the tunneling gate way, but forms the gate way after coal mining, thereby greatly reducing the huge workload caused by advancing the tunneling gate way, greatly shortening the well building period, saving resources because of no need of reserving coal pillars, and achieving the effect consistent with the expected effect of the disclosure.

As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the difference between the second embodiment of the present application and the first embodiment is that the working face is arranged along the belt large lane channel 24 and the track large lane channel 28, and other processes are the same as the first embodiment and are all performed through coal mining, bilateral entry retaining on the working face, closed goaf, moving of the working face and other processes.

Compared with the longwall mining N00 method disclosed in CN105240013A, the mining method for double-side entry retaining of the first embodiment can reduce the tunneling length by 4700m, save the cost of lane digging by 1880 ten thousand yuan, and the reduced tunneling can lead the working face to produce coal 1.5 years ahead, and the safety accidents are frequent in the tunneling process, thereby reducing the tunneling and being beneficial to ensuring the life safety of workers.

Integral equipment embodiment

Overall equipment layout of embodiment of application

Compared with the working face mining single-side entry retaining of the coal pillar-free self-entry one-generation N00 construction method, the novel N00 construction method is further upgraded to the working face mining double-side entry retaining, and the coal pillar-free mining and the retaining of the whole panel are integrated. The novel N00 construction method adopts a brand-new coal mining process and changes the equipment layout of the traditional coal mining working face. According to different coal seam conditions, a coal mining machine or multi-point coal mining equipment can be selected to finish tunnel reserving work, and meanwhile, a novel N00 scraper machine system, a novel N00 support system and a novel N00 auxiliary equipment system comprise an NPR anchor cable drilling machine and a joint cutting drilling machine, and corresponding functional and structural improvements are also carried out, so that the working procedures of coal cutting, novel coal loading, coal transporting, frame moving, pushing sliding, tunnel supporting, roof joint cutting, gangue blocking supporting and the like in the N00 construction method are finished. In order to better adapt to different coal seam thicknesses and top and bottom plate rock stratum conditions, the novel N00 construction method provides different working surface equipment layouts, and technically expands the application range of the novel N00 construction method.

Coal cutter cutting double lane

When the thickness of the coal seam is within the range of 2.5-4.0m or the thickness of the coal seam is 1.0-2.5m and the general coefficient f of a top floor rock stratum is less than 3, the novel N00 construction method can directly cut double roadways through a coal mining machine to complete self-roadway forming work, and coal and gangue are conveyed out by a scraper machine without additionally adding roadway digging and transporting equipment. At the moment, compared with a first-generation N00 construction method, the working face is provided with a coal mining machine, a turnable scraper conveyor and a hydraulic support, the reversed loader is transferred to a formed roadway space, a supporting and top cutting device operation space is vacated for a roadway retaining part, the head and the tail are respectively provided with an end support, a transition support, a drilling machine support and the like, the drilling machine support and the end support provide an installation platform and a working space for N00 auxiliary equipment, and an NPR anchor cable drilling machine and an N00 joint cutting drilling machine are arranged below the hydraulic support and move together with the support, so that the equipment carrying cost can be reduced, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, and the coal mining and roadway retaining operation safety of the working face is improved.

When the height of the working face is smaller than the height of the retained roadway, when the coal mining machine operates to the machine head and the machine tail to mine coal, the side rollers of the machine head and the machine tail need to be gradually lifted from the position of the transition support and perform roof breaking and rock cutting with a certain thickness, the thickness of the roof breaking is 0.5-1m, and after the rollers operate to the position of the retained roadway, the rollers stop lifting and keep horizontal to continue rock cutting until the designed arc-shaped side position is reached. In order to achieve the aim, the coal mining machine, the scraper conveyor and the matching mode thereof need to be subjected to corresponding technical and functional transformation, the roller can be lifted to the designed height for rock breaking by increasing or designing the telescopic rocker arm, and meanwhile, the roller cutting teeth need to be specially designed or processed, so that the over-high damage rate caused by rock cutting is avoided; by reducing the height of the tail of the coal mining machine, the limiting device moves forwards, and the running and roadway cutting space of the coal mining machine is increased. When the coal mining machine is used for directly cutting double roadways, the transfer conveyor is moved to the formed transportation gate way, the scraper conveyor at the machine head is required to be designed into a turning form, and the scraper chain is changed from double chains into single chain driving. At the head, the novel N00 anchor cable drilling machine is designed to be a telescopic cantilever type and is responsible for completing the construction of NPR anchor rods/anchor cables of partial top plates; the joint cutting drilling machine is fixed on one side of the support and used for completing joint cutting drilling 1305 of the top plate; and an intelligent NPR anchor rod/cable drill carriage is designed behind the support, and the installation of the rest designed anchor rods/cables is completed. The working face overall equipment layout is shown in fig. 10.

Multi-point coal mining roadway

1) Combined multi-point coal mining roadway

When a coal seam with the mining thickness of 1.0-2.5m is mined and the Poulnery coefficient of a top floor rock stratum of the coal seam is less than 3 f 5, the novel N00 construction method can complete bilateral roadway forming work through multi-point coal mining equipment, a coal mining machine and a scraper conveyor complete coal breaking and loading work, and special multi-point coal mining equipment, an end bracket and a novel N00 anchor cable drilling machine are designed to complete roadway forming and supporting work of a transportation crossheading and a return air crossheading, so that the whole system is simple, the coal mining and roadway forming work is relatively independent, and the parallel operation degree is high. Compared with the method of cutting the coal mining machine into the roadway by a first generation of N00, when the multi-point coal mining is carried out into the roadway, the coal mining machine is only responsible for coal dropping and does not participate in rock breaking and roadway forming work, the form of the scraper conveyor is the same as that of the traditional coal mining process, the reversed loader is lapped at the head of the scraper conveyor and is positioned under a supporting space formed by a main hydraulic support and a secondary hydraulic support at the end, the reversed loader does not need to move to the roadway space, the conveying power of the scraper conveyor is not limited by the coal mining machine when the coal mining machine cuts the two roadways, the length of a working face can be increased to about 260m, and the production. When multi-point coal mining is carried out to form a tunnel, the transportation gate way and the return air gate way are excavated out from the multi-point coal mining equipment at a certain distance from the front working face, the tunneling part adopts a diffusion ventilation mode, the length of the diffusion ventilation is not more than 6m according to coal mine safety regulations, and a local ventilator is required to be additionally arranged for ventilation when the length of the diffusion ventilation exceeds the coal mine safety regulations. Therefore, the distance between the multipoint coal mining equipment and the working face is kept to meet the ventilation safety requirement when the multipoint coal mining equipment is tunneled. The method is influenced by the rock drilling capability of multi-point coal mining equipment, and the top can be broken when the working face top plate is soft; when the bottom plate of the working surface is softer, bottom breaking can be carried out. The multi-point coal mining equipment and the novel N00 anchor cable drilling machine are arranged below the self-moving hydraulic support with one main part and two auxiliary parts and move together with the support. The 'one-main-two-auxiliary' hydraulic support moves forwards alternately during working, provides a working space for the anchor cable drilling machine, and simultaneously provides a supporting effect for the end of a working face all the time, and ensures that the multi-point coal mining equipment is performed in a roadway and the anchor cable construction is safely performed. The novel N00 slitting drilling machine is arranged in a roadway space behind the 'one main hydraulic support and the two auxiliary hydraulic supports' and does not interfere with the front work. The arrangement of the equipment is shown in fig. 11.

2) Modular multipoint coal mining roadway

When the mining thickness of a coal seam is 1.0-2.5m and the coefficient of the Purchase coefficient of a top floor rock stratum is more than 5, the novel N00 construction method finishes multi-point coal mining and bilateral entry retaining work through the four-machine integrated entry system module 1300. The four-machine integrated roadway forming system module 1300 mainly comprises roadway cutting equipment, end supporting equipment, NPR anchor rod/cable supporting equipment 1304 and roof slitting equipment, and can realize rapid automatic roadway forming operation. The four-machine integrated roadway system module is integrally provided with a crawler-type self-moving device, so that the four-machine integrated roadway system module can be matched with a working face coal mining module to advance, and can be flexibly adjusted to realize independent operation. The specific equipment characteristics and functions include:

(1) four quick-witted integrated lane of cutting of modular equips. The device mainly comprises an independently developed telescopic roadway cutting roller 1302 and a telescopic arm, and the device has the functions of a coal mining module and also needs to have efficient rock breaking characteristics so as to meet the roadway forming task of the half-coal-rock roadway of the thin coal seam. In addition, the cutting lane equipment also comprises a coal converging device 1301 for loading the cut coal rock mass into the transportation system in time.

(2) Four quick-witted integrated end support equipment of modular. Each module consists of a main bracket and two auxiliary brackets, and the main bracket is required to provide a lap joint platform for a roadway cutting device and a coal converging device 1301 and provide power for the forward movement and the work of the two devices besides completing a supporting task; meanwhile, a coal conveying device 1306 is carried on the main frame, and the rear part of the main frame is connected with a transfer device, so that the function of conveying the front falling coal to the rear part is realized; the sub-frame mainly provides a working platform and space for the NPR anchor rod/cable supporting equipment 1304 and the roof slitting equipment.

(3) Modular four-in-one NPR bolting/rope support equipment 1304. The drilling machine has the functions of automatically changing drill rods and an operation mode of a telescopic arm, can flexibly adjust the construction position of the anchor rod/cable, and can timely and efficiently complete roof support operation.

(4) Modular four-machine integrated top plate slitting equipment. The automatic roof joint cutting drilling machine mainly comprises an automatic roof joint cutting drilling machine and an operation platform, and a roof joint cutting task is completed in time after a roadway is formed.

Working face double-side three-machine matching cooperative coal mining technology

The first generation N00 construction method is characterized in that a front roller of a coal mining machine is operated to extend out of a scraper conveyor to swing up and down at a position of a planned entry retaining position at the end of a working face through a novel three-machine matching technology among the coal mining machine, the scraper conveyor and a support system, so that a tunnel space is cut out, an arc-shaped solid coal side is formed, and single-side automatic entry forming of the first generation N00 construction method is realized. To realize the aim of roadway-free tunneling of a mining area (panel), a single-side automatic roadway forming technology needs to be further upgraded, and a three-machine matching form of a working face machine head is further improved in a novel N00 construction method, so that a double-side roadway forming mode is realized.

1) Working face double-side coal cutter cutting lane

Compared with the working face machine tail side cutting lane of the first generation N00 construction method, the working face double-side cutting lane of the novel N00 construction method needs to increase a machine head side cutting lane part, the traditional equipment layout of a machine head needs to be improved to form mining integration, so that the end of a coal mining machine can extend out of the machine head of a scraper machine to cut the lane space, and the equipment layout of the working face of the mining integration coal mining machine cutting lane is shown in figure 14. The technology utilizes the coal mining machine to cut the space of the roadway at the head and the tail, and the coal falling and the gangue at the head and the tail are transported out by the scraper conveyor at the working face without additionally adding roadway driving transportation equipment. Meanwhile, the head of the scraper conveyor adopts a right-angle turntable structure, so that a head transmission part of the scraper conveyor and a tail chain wheel of a reversed loader are omitted, continuous transportation from a working surface to a crossheading without reversed loading is realized, the matching link of equipment is simplified, and the bottom chain coal return and underground coal dust concentration are reduced; the designed rotating disc type guide structure realizes continuous right-angle turning movement of conveying of the chain scraper, and the design of the right-angle rotating disc ensures that the scraper and coal flow can smoothly turn, so that a space is made at the end of a working face, and the coal cutter can cut a roadway and support the coal cutter in the space.

The bilateral coal cutter cutting roadway technology has limitations while realizing the mining integration. First, since the scraper conveyor is to turn at the end of the working face, the scraper chain as a transmission member must be changed from a middle double chain to a middle single chain, the conveying power is reduced, and the length of the working face is limited. In addition, because tunnel height and coal seam thickness are not equal, under the condition that coal seam thickness is less than tunnel height, the tunnel that will cut out just can inevitably cut off the roof rock mass that is triangle-shaped in working face both ends head department, and tunnel space upper portion also need cut the rock, and the less rock volume that cuts of coal seam thickness is big more, is unfavorable for the coal-winning machine to maintain.

2) Multi-point coal mining roadway technology

Under the condition of a thin coal seam, the rock cutting amount is increased by adopting a roadway cutting technology of a working face bilateral coal cutter, so that the loss of the coal cutter is serious, and meanwhile, the length of the working face is limited due to the turning of a scraper conveyor. A schematic diagram of a working face of the multi-point coal mining roadway technology is shown in fig. 15.

The working face adopting the multipoint coal mining and tunneling technology is matched with conventional three-machine coal mining, only the coal body within the thickness of the coal seam needs to be cut and transported away, the rocker arm does not need to be lifted by a coal mining machine at the position close to the end of the working face to cut rocks, preparation is made for cutting a roadway space, and the problem that a large amount of rocks are cut to produce waste rocks under the condition of a thin coal seam is reduced. Independent coal (rock) mining is respectively arranged at two ends of a working face, multi-point coal mining tunneling parallel to coal cutting of the working face is carried out, the end part of the multi-point coal mining tunneling exceeds the working face for a certain distance, and independent coal (rock) breaking and transportation work is finished by coal (rock) mining equipment, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor in the space, so that a working face end advanced chamber tunnel is finally formed. The roadway forming method has the advantages of simple integral system, relatively independent coal mining and roadway forming work and high parallel operation degree.

N00 construction method four-machine matching roadway forming technology

Working face unilateral four-machine matching roadway forming technology

The three-machine cooperation and coal mining technology mainly realizes that the coal mining machine cuts thoroughly, namely the coal mining machine can surpass the machine tail to cut the arc lane side at a preset position. After the arc roadway side is formed by the 'three-machine matching' technology, the roof rock layer at the end part of the working face is kept stable under the supporting action of the end support 1303 and the drill support, the roof is supported by an NPR constant-resistance anchor rope in time through an anchor cable drill, a cutting seam device on the drill support is used for cutting a seam on the roof, stress transmission between partial roofs is cut off, the roof rock layer on the outer side of the cutting seam automatically collapses along the cutting seam surface under the action of mine pressure and fills a goaf, the roof rock layer on the inner side of the cutting seam surface is kept stable under the supporting action of supporting structures such as the NPR constant-resistance anchor rope and a portal roadway support, and goaf collapsing gangue is kept stable under the supporting action of the portal roadway support, a metal mesh and the like. Therefore, the other roadway side of the self-forming roadway of the N00 construction method is formed by the matching technology among the anchor cable drilling machine, the cutting and cutting equipment and the support system, namely the technology of 'four-machine matching'. A schematic diagram of a four-machine set-up in lanes is shown in fig. 16.

Therefore, the overall goals of pulling, cutting, getting down and protecting are achieved through the four-machine matching technology. The NPR constant-resistance anchor cable can transmit the gravity load of the direct top rock stratum within the top-cutting range of the roadway to the upper basic top rock stratum; the 'cutting-out' means that the tunnel roof and the goaf roof within the cutting-out height range can be thoroughly separated by a roof directional joint cutting technology of an N00 construction method, the stress transmission between the roof and the goaf roof is cut off, and the stress concentration of surrounding rocks of the tunnel is weakened; the 'lower obtained' means that after the roof is subjected to joint cutting, the roof of the goaf at the outer side of the joint cutting line can automatically collapse along the joint cutting line under the action of mine pressure, and the roof at the inner side of the joint cutting line can still keep stable, so that the roof of the roadway is supported by a supporting structure with certain roof cutting capability at the side of the goaf in the roadway to cut off the rock stratum of the roof at the side of the goaf; "well protected" means that sufficient lateral support should be provided for the goaf caving gangue to prevent excessive deformation or destabilization of the gob bulging into the roadway.

Working face double-side four-machine matching roadway forming technology

The novel N00 construction method is characterized in that after a roadway space is formed on the working face machine head side through a novel three-machine matching technology, the four-machine matching technology in a first generation N00 construction method is adaptively improved according to the design of a novel N00 construction method, an N00 anchor cable drilling machine and an N00 joint cutting drilling machine are arranged on the top beam of a support of an N00 drilling machine, the integration of the drilling machine and the support is realized, and the novel N00 machine head side four-machine matching roadway forming technology is further provided.

1) Four-machine matching roadway forming technology under roadway cutting condition of coal mining machine

Under the mining condition, a turnable scraper conveyor is matched with a working face, an N00 drilling machine support is arranged at the turning position of a machine head for top control support, an N00 anchor rod/cable drilling machine is arranged on a support top beam, the anchor rod/cable drilling machine is matched with a telescopic arm, and the telescopic arm rotates for a certain angle by taking the drilling machine support as a center, so that drilling and anchoring operation can be carried out within a certain area range. After the roadway is cut by the coal mining machine, the roadway is kept stable under the control of the end bracket and the drilling machine bracket, and after the coal mining machine leaves the vacated space, the anchor rod/cable drilling machine extends out of the telescopic arm to the designed position to support the top plate through the NPR anchor rod/cable. The joint-cutting drilling machine is arranged on the drilling machine support behind the working face in a matched mode, the joint-cutting drilling machine performs joint cutting on the top plate along with the forward pushing of the working face, and the top plate on the outer side of the joint cutting collapses along the joint cutting under the mine pressure to form a bulk roadway side under the cooperation of the top-cutting side protection support.

2) Four-machine matching roadway forming technology under multipoint coal mining condition

The novel N00 construction method is formed by construction of multi-point coal mining equipment instead of cutting out a solid coal side by a coal mining machine after the multi-point coal mining roadway forming technology is adopted. Compared with the roadway cutting four-machine matching of the coal mining machine, the multi-point coal mining roadway four-machine matching anchor cable drilling machine is arranged on the roadway end support, and after the roadway space is cut by the multi-point coal mining equipment, the rocker arm of the telescopic drilling machine extends out to perform the operations of drilling anchor and roof joint cutting. The working face end supports adopt a 'one-main-two-pair' form, when the supports move forwards, the main support in the middle of the roadway firstly descends, moves and ascends, and then the auxiliary supports on the two sides move forwards, so that the top plate of the roadway can be ensured to be always in a supported state.

1. According to the scheme, continuous mining is performed in sequence, and meanwhile, a top plate is controlled to continuously collapse to form a goaf, so that the problems that stress concentration near the goaf and ore pressure display is severe caused by traditional mining modes such as coal pillar mining and filling type gob-side entry retaining can be substantially avoided;

2. the working face is continuously mined in sequence, the overlying strata and the earth surface sequentially generate settlement along with mining and caving, the problem of uneven settlement of the earth surface caused by the retention of traditional coal pillars or interval mining in the prior art is avoided, and the damage to the earth surface is minimum;

3. the working surfaces can be designed in a standardized way, and each working surface can adopt a set of equipment system, so that the problem that equipment needs to be replaced due to different widths of the working surfaces in the prior art is solved;

4. the large roadway is pushed forward along with mining, so that the development period is shortened;

5. according to the scheme, the top plate continuously collapses to form the goaf, and meanwhile, the goaf is continuously sealed and managed, so that disasters such as fire can be effectively prevented.

Although the present invention has been disclosed with reference to certain embodiments, numerous variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope and ambit of the present invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of face mining, the mining process comprising the steps of:

the first mining face is mined from one end close to the large roadway to the other end of the working face, during the mining process of the first mining face, gob-side entry retaining is carried out while mining of two end parts of the first mining face, the first roadway and the second roadway are formed, and a top plate of the middle part collapses to form a gob; the first gate way and the second gate way of the first mining face do not advance roadway driving; the first gate way and the second gate way of the first mining face are formed by retaining a gate behind two ends of the working face; the gob-side entry retaining is a roadway formed by cutting a roof along the edge of a goaf behind a coal face;

2. The face mining method of claim 1, wherein additional or modified swing arms are added to or provided on both sides of the shearer during face mining advancement such that both the first and second gate roads are cut by the shearer.

3. The face mining method of claim 1, wherein the first and/or second gateroads of the panel are cut by a shearer or roadheader during face mining.

4. The face mining method of claim 1, wherein face mining is performed by lowering the scraper tail height to enable a shearer ranging arm to mine at the scraper tail so that the first and/or second gateroads of the mining area are cut by the shearer.

5. A face mining method for mining a panel, the panel including a plurality of faces, comprising the steps of:

forming a main roadway channel communicated to the first mining working face;

the face of the first mining being mined using the face mining method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Face mining method according to claim 5, characterised in that the sector is provided with two or three main drifts for air intake, return and coal transport.

7. The face mining method of claim 5, wherein the mining process further comprises the steps of:

and constructing at the starting point of the next working face to form a cut hole before the mining of the next working face, and mining the next working face after the working face is moved.

8. The face mining method of claim 5, wherein during face mining thereafter, the major roadway extends toward the next face, and the second gate gob of the previous face becomes the first gate of the next face, while the gate gob is located only in a portion near the next face, which becomes the first gate of the next face.

9. The face mining method of claim 5, wherein after each face is advanced to the stopping line to complete mining, the face passage is gob-side entry retaining in communication with the first gate way and the second gate way.

10. The face mining method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of face mining directions are parallel to the main roadway; or the mining directions of the working faces are perpendicular to the main roadway channel.