CN111822710A - Preparation method of SLM (Selective laser melting) type 3D printing CuFe alloy - Google Patents
Preparation method of SLM (Selective laser melting) type 3D printing CuFe alloy Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
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Classifications
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- B22F1/0003—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an SLM (selective laser melting) type 3D printing CuFe alloy, belonging to the technical field of non-ferrous metal material manufacturing. The CuFe alloy is prepared from 20-60wt% of gas-atomized copper powder and the balance Fe powder, wherein the powder particle size of the Fe powder is required to be 30-55 μm, the powder particle size of the gas-atomized copper powder is required to be 20-50 μm, and the sphericity of the powder is required to be more than 80%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. mixing powder and batching, 2, SLM type 3D printing, 3, wire cutting and sample removing, 4, argon atmosphere protective environment heat treatment, and 5, surface machining treatment. The CuFe alloy prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform and compact metallographic structure, good processing performance, conductivity of over 40 percent, no limitation on size and shape, no influence of high iron content on the processing mode, capability of directly processing finished products or semi-finished product blanks and easiness in popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal material manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of an SLM type 3D printing CuFe alloy.
Background
The copper-iron alloy belongs to metastable immiscible alloy, and when a small amount of disperse phase is distributed in a matrix, the alloy can show special physical and mechanical properties, and the alloy has good application prospect in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics and electronic industry due to low cost, rich raw materials and huge magnetic resistance effect. The copper-iron alloy plate wire with low iron content is widely applied to the preparation of electrical engineering switch bridges, large-scale integrated circuit lead frames, resistance welding electrodes and the like, and has excellent magnetic resistance effect along with the gradual increase of the iron content, so the copper-iron alloy plate wire is widely applied to electromagnetic wave shielding materials.
Patent CN108456799A discloses a high-performance copper-iron alloy material and an electroslag remelting preparation method thereof, wherein a copper-iron alloy ingot smelted by a vacuum induction furnace is used as a consumable electrode, a CaF2-NaF slag system is used as a slag, and the copper-iron alloy is prepared by an electroslag remelting mode. The copper-iron alloy processed by the processing mode has great limitation on the Fe content, the processing technology is complex, and more cold processing and heat treatment are needed; patent CN109576516A discloses a short-flow preparation method of copper-iron alloy plate wire for electromagnetic wave shielding, which specifically comprises selecting a certain proportion of copper-iron alloy material to prepare a melt, and then performing spray deposition to obtain an excellent copper-iron alloy strip. The method also has great limitation on the iron content, the range of molding materials is narrow, the operation requirement is very high, and the method is not easy to popularize and use.
The conventional preparation method of the copper-iron alloy plate wire is that the copper-iron alloy plate wire is cast into an ingot blank, and then the ingot blank is processed into plates or wires with various sizes and specifications through plastic deformation modes such as extrusion, rolling, drawing and the like, for the Cu-Fe alloy with the Fe content of less than 30%, the conventional method can be adopted for preparation, but for the Cu-Fe alloy for electromagnetic wave shielding with the Fe content of 30-60%, the method has the following problems: because of the high Fe content, the Fe-Fe alloy is easy to macrosegregation, so that the casting and processing difficulty is high, and the success rate of ingot blank manufacturing is low; with the increase of the Fe content, the deformation resistance of the alloy is rapidly increased, the alloy is extremely easy to crack in the processing process, and the deformation times have to be increased to achieve the deformation effect, so that the preparation process is increased, the production efficiency is reduced, and the preparation cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of an SLM type 3D printing CuFe alloy aiming at the existing problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of an SLM type 3D printing CuFe alloy comprises the following steps:
s1, batching: proportioning Cu powder and Fe powder according to the component requirements of the CuFe alloy material, wherein the mass percent of the gas atomized Cu powder is 20-60wt%, the balance is Fe powder, selecting and weighing corresponding raw materials, putting the weighed Cu powder and Fe powder into a ball mill protected by atmosphere, vacuumizing to less than 10%-1Pa, filling hydrogen to 0.8MPa, and ball milling for 1-5 h;
s2 SLM3D printing: loading the mixed CuFe powder into a powder bin of 3D printing equipment, and processing according to a three-dimensional model of the part generated by a computer, wherein the processing mode is SLM selective laser melting, and selective scanning is carried out by using a laser beam after powder is spread on a stainless steel substrate;
s3 wire cutting: performing sample removal on the printed workpiece in a linear cutting mode;
s4 heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample-removed workpiece;
s5 machining treatment: performing surface machining treatment on the heat-treated workpiece according to the size of a finished product to meet the final requirement of surface roughness and precision of design;
the powder paving specific steps of the step S2 comprise:
s2-1: a plurality of liftable printing platforms are arranged on a stainless steel substrate in a surrounding manner, the printing platforms are arranged at equal intervals, the bottoms of the printing platforms are sequentially connected to form a complete ring, the powder spreading device is adjusted to be positioned at the rear side of the first arranged printing platform, and the scanning head is adjusted to be positioned at the rear side of the powder spreading device;
s2-2: starting the powder spreading device to make the powder spreading device perform circular motion along a circle formed by all the printing platforms from the first placed printing platform to finish the powder spreading of each printing area, synchronously starting the scanning head along the powder spreading device, and starting to finish one-time scanning of each printing platform along the formulated printing route;
s2-3: when the scanning head finishes one scanning of one printing platform, the finished printing platform descends to the corresponding powder spreading layer height until all the printing platforms finish one scanning, the powder spreading device and the scanning head move for a circle and then return to the initial position to uninterruptedly finish the second powder spreading scanning, and the operation is repeated until the powder spreading printing on each printing platform is finished. The residual material groove is fixed below the two printing platforms at the gap, a brush with the same width as the residual material groove is arranged in the residual material groove, sliding grooves are formed in two sides of the residual material groove, a built-in motor is arranged in each sliding groove and used for enabling the brush to reciprocate, an annular material return groove is formed in the stainless steel substrate, when the powder paving device sweeps the corresponding residual material groove, the brush in the residual material groove moves from inside to outside to push powder in the residual material groove to the material return groove, the brush moves in the opposite direction to return to the position before pushing after being lifted by the built-in motor for 2cm, one powder pushing is completed, one end of the material return groove is connected with the powder paving device and used for backfilling collected powder into the powder paving device for recycling, and printing cost is reduced.
Further, the Cu powder in the mixed powder is atomized Cu powder.
Furthermore, the powder granularity of the gas atomization copper powder is required to be 20-50 microns, the powder granularity of Fe is required to be 30-55 microns, the sphericity of the powder is required to be more than 80%, the influence on the later-stage alloy performance caused by the fact that the granularity sphericity does not meet the specification is avoided, the ball-to-material ratio is controlled to be 1:2-1:5, and the powder is easy to mix fully.
Further, in the step S2, argon is used as the protective gas in the scanning process, and the printing environment of the device is positive pressure; the pressure in the forming chamber is generally 14-20 mbar; the oxygen content in the forming chamber is less than or equal to 0.04 percent; the pressure difference of the filter element is less than 9 mbar; the diameter of a laser spot is 0.04mm-0.06mm, and the thickness of a printing single layer is 0.02-0.06 mm; the printing use power is 90-160W; the scanning speed is 200-350 m/s.
Further, the step S3 of wire cutting includes:
s3-1: placing a stainless steel substrate bearing a printed workpiece along the direction of the largest surface vertical to a platform of the linear cutting equipment;
s3-2: after the substrate is fixed by using a clamp, starting tool setting, and controlling the distance between a cutting line and the large plane of the substrate to be less than 0.3mm by using a computer;
s3-3: place the foam box of accepting the work piece under the part, begin the line cutting, compare the advantage that the biggest face was placed with equipment platform parallel and be can avoid among the cutting process part to compel in the dead weight flagging to cause the clamp silk card to stop.
Further, the heat treatment of step S4 is a stress relief heat treatment, which includes the following steps:
s4-1: selecting a proper graphite material boat according to the size of the workpiece, putting the sample-removed workpiece in the graphite material boat in order with intervals, pushing the graphite material boat into a test furnace, and filling argon to manufacture an argon atmosphere protection environment;
s4-2: heating to 500 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 200-;
s4-3: cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 200-. The stress can be effectively removed, and the hardness and the strength of the CuFe alloy are increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the CuFe alloy processing mode is not limited by the iron content, the CuFe alloy with larger iron content can be processed, finished products or semi-finished blanks can be directly processed, the specifications of the blanks can be optimized according to the appearance of workpieces, the processing mode is simple and easy to popularize, the CuFe alloy processing method has the advantages of wide component range, short processing period, optimized blanks and the like, and the problem that the CuFe alloy with high Fe content in the market is difficult to process is solved;
(2) the processed alloy material has uniform components, compact metallographic structure and simple heat treatment process, and has good processing performance after heat treatment because of no macrosegregation, the electric conductivity can reach more than 40 percent, the softening temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the size and the shape are not limited, and the alloy part processed by the method has excellent heat conductivity and huge magnetic resistance effect and has good application prospect in the fields of aeronautics and automobiles and electronic industry;
(3) reasonable powder spreading direction and printing sequence are set, so that the powder spreading device and the scanning head work synchronously, printing time is saved, printing efficiency is improved, and printing cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a metallographic structure of CuFe alloy of 100 times prepared in the first example;
FIG. 2 is a 200-fold metallographic structure photograph of a CuFe alloy prepared in example II;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an SLM type 3D printing powder spreading device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the SLM type 3D printing powder spreading device of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of the CuFe alloy preparation method of the present invention.
The device comprises a stainless steel substrate 1, a printing platform 2, a powder spreading device 3, a scanning head 4, a surplus tank 5, a hairbrush 6 and a return tank 7.
Detailed Description
Example one
As shown in fig. 5, a method for preparing an SLM type 3D printing CuFe alloy includes the following steps:
s1, batching: selecting gas atomized Cu powder according to the component requirements of the CuFe alloy material: 60wt%, particle size 40 μm; fe powder: 40wt%, particle size 50 μm; putting the weighed gas atomized Cu powder and Fe powder into a ball mill protected by atmosphere, and vacuumizing to less than 10 DEG-1Pa, and then filling hydrogen to 0.8 MPa; then, ball milling is started, and the ball-to-material ratio is 1:5, the ball milling time is 5h, and the sphericity is 95%.
S2 SLM3D printing: loading the mixed CuFe powder into a powder bin of a 3D printing device, tamping the mixed CuFe powder for standby by using an ice shovel, preparing a three-dimensional model of a required workpiece by using a computer, wherein the workpiece is a mechanical part, connecting a 3D printer with the computer, processing the workpiece according to the three-dimensional model, selecting an SLM (selective laser melting) as a processing mode, placing 8 liftable printing platforms 2 on a stainless steel substrate 1 in a surrounding manner, arranging the 8 printing platforms 2 at equal intervals, sequentially connecting the bottoms of the printing platforms 2 to form a complete ring, adjusting the position of a powder paving device 3 to be positioned on one side of the first placed printing platform 2, and adjusting the position of a scanning head 4 to be positioned on the rear side of the powder paving device 3; then, the powder spreading device 3 is started to move circularly from the first placed printing platform 2 along the circle formed by all the printing platforms 2, powder spreading of each printing area is completed, meanwhile, the scanning head 4 is synchronously started along with the powder spreading device 3, scanning is started along the formulated printing route on the upper portion of the first printing platform, the middle portion of the first printing platform is scanned after the scanning is completed, the lower portion of the first printing platform is scanned after the scanning is completed, and the scanning is completed for each printing platform after the scanning is completed; and finally, when the scanning head 4 finishes one scanning of one printing platform 2, the finished printing platform 2 descends to the corresponding powder spreading layer height until all the printing platforms 2 finish one scanning, the powder spreading device 3 and the scanning head 4 move for a circle and then return to the initial position to uninterruptedly finish the second powder spreading scanning, and the steps are repeated until the powder spreading printing on each printing platform 2 is finished.
As shown in fig. 3-4, a surplus tank 5 fixed below the two printing platforms 2 is arranged at the gap between every two printing platforms 2, a brush 6 with the same width as the surplus tank 5 is arranged in the surplus tank 5, sliding grooves are arranged on two sides in the surplus tank 5, a motor is arranged in the sliding grooves and used for enabling the brush 6 to reciprocate and lift, an annular material return tank 7 is arranged on the stainless steel substrate 1, when the powder spreading device 3 sweeps over the corresponding surplus tank 5, the brush 6 in the surplus tank 5 moves from inside to outside to push powder in the surplus tank 5 to the material return tank 7, the brush 6 moves back to the position before pushing in the opposite direction after being lifted by the built-in motor for 2cm, one-time powder pushing is completed, one end of the material return tank 7 is connected with the powder spreading device 3 and used for backfilling the collected powder into the powder spreading device 3 to be recycled.
Scanning process protective gas uses argon gas, and equipment printing environment is the malleation, and forming chamber pressure is 14mbar, and forming chamber oxygen content is 0.03%, filter core pressure differential 7mbar, and laser spot diameter is 0.05mm, and it is 0.02mm to print single thickness, and printing power of use is 90W, and scanning speed is 200 m/s.
S3 wire cutting: performing sample removal on the printed part in a linear cutting mode, and firstly placing a stainless steel substrate 1 bearing the printed part along the direction vertical to a linear cutting equipment platform on the largest surface; then, after the substrate is fixed by using a clamp, starting tool setting, and controlling the distance between a cutting line and the large plane of the substrate to be less than 0.3mm by using a computer; and finally, placing a foam box for bearing the part under the part, and starting linear cutting.
S4 heat treatment: carrying out argon atmosphere protection environment heat treatment on the sample-removed parts, firstly selecting a proper graphite material boat according to the sizes of the parts, putting the sample-removed parts in the graphite material boat in order with intervals, and pushing the graphite material boat into a test furnace; starting the furnace locking machine to pump vacuum to 5Pa, starting the Roots pump to pump vacuum to 5x10-3Pa, filling argon for protection, then heating to 300 ℃ at the heating rate of 200 ℃/h, and then heating at the heating rateContinuously heating to 800 ℃ at the temperature of 250 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 1h, then heating to 1000 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 180 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 3 h; finally cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 200 ℃/h and taking out.
S5 machining treatment: and (4) performing surface machining treatment on the heat-treated part according to the size of a finished product to meet the final requirement of surface roughness and precision of the design.
Example two
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that:
s1, batching: selecting gas atomized Cu powder according to the component requirements of the CuFe alloy material: 35wt%, Fe powder: 65 wt%.
EXAMPLE III
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, except that:
s1, batching: selecting gas atomized Cu powder according to the component requirements of the CuFe alloy material: 20wt%, Fe powder: 80 wt%.
Example four
This embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that:
s4 heat treatment: heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 240 ℃/h, then continuously heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 280 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 2h, then heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 220 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 5 h; finally cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 400 ℃/h and taking out.
EXAMPLE five
This embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that:
s4 heat treatment: heating to 300 ℃ at the heating rate of 220 ℃/h, then continuously heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 260 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 1h, then heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 200 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 3 h; finally cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 300 ℃/h and taking out.
Examples of the experiments
1. The CuFe alloy materials prepared in the first to fifth examples were used for the experiments of relevant performance parameters, and the test methods are as follows:
according to GB/T230.1-2018 part 1 of Rockwell hardness test of metal materials: the hardness of the CuFe alloy material is tested according to the standard of test method, a 50 kg load is adopted to place a flat-ground sample on a workbench, the focus is adjusted, the indentation is punched, and the diagonal length is read to obtain the hardness value.
And (3) testing the conductivity of the CuFe alloy material by using an FQR7501 eddy current conductivity meter according to GB/T11007-2008 & ltconductivity meter test method & gt.
The test results are shown in table 1:
table 1 table of relevant performance parameters of CuFe alloy materials prepared in examples one to five of the present invention
As can be seen from table 1:
comparing the first to third examples shows that the hardness and conductivity of the CuFe alloy material obtained by the parameters of the example 2 are better than those of the first and third examples under the condition that the Cu and Fe contents are changed under the same process steps.
Comparing the second example with the fourth example and the fifth example, changing the temperature of the heat treatment under the condition that the contents of Cu and Fe are the same, it can be found that the hardness of the CuFe alloy material in the fourth example is obviously better than that in the second example, but the electric conductivity is slightly lower than that in the second example; in the fifth example, the hardness of the CuFe alloy material is obviously lower than that of the second example, and the conductivity is the same as that of the second example, which shows that the hardness is greatly influenced by the temperature and time of the heat treatment, the conductivity is less influenced, and the hardness of the CuFe alloy material is higher as the temperature of the heat treatment is higher and the time is longer.
2. The CuFe alloy prepared in the second embodiment is selected for metallographic detection, and the detection results are shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, which illustrate that:
1) the copper and the iron are completely melted, so that the complete mutual solubility is realized, and the uniformity of the components is ensured;
2) the metallographic structure is compact, no obvious crystal boundary exists, and the consistency and stability of the performance of each part of the material are ensured;
3) under 200 times, only a few fine blind holes exist, which shows that the processing mode greatly optimizes the material characteristics.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of the SLM type 3D printing CuFe alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, batching: proportioning Cu powder and Fe powder according to the component requirement of the CuFe alloy material, wherein the mass percent of the Cu powder is 20-60wt%, the balance is Fe powder, putting the weighed Cu powder and Fe powder into a ball mill protected by atmosphere, vacuumizing to less than 10%-1pa, then filling hydrogen to 0.8Mpa, and ball milling for 1-5 h;
s2 SLM3D printing: loading the mixed CuFe powder into a powder bin of 3D printing equipment, and processing according to a three-dimensional model of a preprocessed part generated by a computer, wherein the processing mode is selective laser melting of an SLM (selective laser melting), and selective scanning is carried out by using a laser beam after powder is spread on a stainless steel substrate;
s3 wire cutting: performing sample removal on the printed workpiece in a linear cutting mode;
s4 heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the sample-removed workpiece;
s5 machining treatment: performing surface machining treatment on the heat-treated workpiece according to the size of a finished product;
the powder paving specific steps of the step S2 comprise:
s2-1: a plurality of liftable printing platforms (2) are arranged on a stainless steel substrate (1) in a surrounding mode, the printing platforms (2) are arranged at equal intervals, the bottoms of the printing platforms (2) are sequentially connected to form a complete ring, the powder spreading device (3) is adjusted to be located on the rear side of the first arranged printing platform (2), and the scanning head (4) is adjusted to be located on the rear side of the powder spreading device (3);
s2-2: starting the powder spreading device (3) to make the powder spreading device perform circular motion along a circle formed by all the printing platforms (2) from the first placed printing platform (2) to finish powder spreading of each printing area, synchronously starting the scanning head (4) along the powder spreading device (3), and starting to finish one-time scanning of each printing platform (2) along a formulated printing route;
s2-3: when the scanning head (4) finishes one scanning of one printing platform (2), the finished printing platform (2) descends to the corresponding powder spreading layer height until all the printing platforms (2) finish one scanning, the powder spreading device (3) and the scanning head (4) return to the initial position after moving for one circle and uninterruptedly finish the second powder spreading scanning, and the operation is repeated until the powder spreading printing on each printing platform (2) is finished.
2. The method for preparing the SLM3D printing CuFe alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Cu powder in the mixed powder is atomized Cu powder.
3. The preparation method of the SLM3D printing CuFe alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the powder particle size of the gas atomized Cu powder is required to be 20-50 μm, the powder particle size of the Fe powder is required to be 30-55 μm, the sphericity of the powder is required to be more than 80%, and the ball-to-feed ratio is 1:2-1: 5.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, argon is used as the shielding gas in the scanning process, the printing environment of the device is positive pressure, the pressure in the forming chamber is 14-20mbar, the oxygen content in the forming chamber is less than or equal to 0.04%, the pressure difference in the filter element is less than 9mbar, the diameter of the laser spot is 0.04mm-0.06mm, the thickness of the printing monolayer is 0.02-0.06mm, the printing power is 90-160W, and the scanning speed is 200-350 m/S.
5. The method for preparing the SLM type 3D printing CuFe alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of wire cutting comprises the following steps:
s3-1: placing a stainless steel substrate (1) bearing a printed workpiece along a direction that the largest surface is vertical to a linear cutting equipment platform;
s3-2: after the substrate is fixed by using a clamp, starting tool setting, and controlling the distance between a cutting line and the large plane of the substrate to be less than 0.3mm by using a computer;
s3-3: a foam box for receiving parts is placed under the workpiece, and linear cutting is started.
6. The method for preparing the SLM3D printing CuFe alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is a stress relieving heat treatment, and comprises the following steps:
s4-1: selecting a proper graphite material boat according to the size of the workpiece, putting the sample-removed workpiece in the graphite material boat in order with intervals, pushing the graphite material boat into a test furnace, and filling argon to manufacture an argon atmosphere protection environment;
s4-2: heating to 500 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 200-;
s4-3: cooling to room temperature at the cooling speed of 200-.
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| CN114032410A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-11 | 昆明理工大学 | High-hardness high-heat-conductivity iron-copper material and preparation method thereof |
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