CN111822529B - Preparation method of high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for new energy automobile - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for new energy automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111822529B CN111822529B CN202010697501.5A CN202010697501A CN111822529B CN 111822529 B CN111822529 B CN 111822529B CN 202010697501 A CN202010697501 A CN 202010697501A CN 111822529 B CN111822529 B CN 111822529B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/003—Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
- B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
- B21C1/12—Regulating or controlling speed of drawing drums, e.g. to influence tension; Drives; Stop or relief mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
- B22D11/116—Refining the metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
- B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile, belonging to the field of copper wire preparation, and comprising the following steps: selecting electrolytic copper as a matrix; step two: enabling molten copper after complete smelting to flow into the compartment through two small holes at the junction of the furnace body of the smelting furnace and the compartment, and then flow into the holding furnace through one small hole at the junction of the compartment and the furnace body of the holding furnace; step three: producing a copper rod blank with the phi 8.0mm specification by upward continuous casting; step four: drawing a copper rod with the diameter of 8.0mm into a copper wire with the TR diameter of 1.80mm, wherein the pass processing rate of drawing is 25-28%; step five: the method is characterized in that a TR phi 1.80mm copper wire is drawn into a TR phi 0.18-0.50mm copper thin wire, wherein the pass processing rate of drawing is 16-27%, and the processing rate of the last pass is 15-20%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of copper wires, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile.
Background
The electromagnetic wire generally needs to be subjected to the processes of coiling, inserting, shaping and the like in the installation process of the driving motor, and the wire core and the insulating layer can be subjected to mechanical force in various forms in the processes of winding and the like, so that the electromagnetic wire core is required to have good flexibility, high dimensional precision and good surface quality, and the wrapped insulating layer can be damaged due to any quality problem of the wire core, so that the premature failure of the electromagnetic wire is caused; the driving motor is frequently overloaded, frequently started and greatly vibrated, so that the electromagnetic wire core is required to have lower resistivity and higher tensile strength. Burrs and other damages generated in the production process of the electromagnetic wire core penetrate the insulating film to cause premature insulation failure, and the breakdown voltage is reduced at the same time, so that the premature insulation failure of the electromagnetic wire is caused.
The traditional mode that production of shaft furnace pole was taken with waste copper by electrolytic copper, copper pole self resistivity is higher, and the surface quality defect such as cinder, overlap easily appears, and internal organization appears mingling with easily, hollow broken string, and is higher to the later process fine rule outage, consequently can't satisfy the user demand of electromagnetic wire sinle silk, and how to produce a high-strength high-conductivity electromagnetic wire sinle silk for new energy automobile is the problem that needs to solve at present urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problems to be solved by the invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile.
2. Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting high-purity cathode electrolytic copper with the purity of more than 99.957 percent as a matrix;
step two: smelting and electromagnetic stirring are integrated through a power frequency electromagnetic smelting furnace, then the completely smelted copper water flows into the compartment through two small holes at the bottom of the junction of the furnace body of the smelting furnace and the rectangular-parallelepiped-structured compartment, and flows into the holding furnace through one small hole at the bottom of the junction of the compartment and the furnace body of the holding furnace;
step three: then cooling and crystallizing the molten copper in a crystallizer, and producing a copper rod blank with the phi 8.0mm specification by upward continuous casting;
step four: enabling a copper rod phi 8.0mm produced by up-drawing continuous casting to pass through a thirteen-die large-drawing continuous-annealing wire drawing machine, and drawing under the conditions that the mass concentration of wire drawing oil is 8-10%, the mass concentration of burning and stewing liquid is 1-2%, the wire drawing speed is 1200m/min, the annealing proportion is 80%, the annealing voltage is 36-37V, the annealing current is 2500-2800A to obtain TR phi 1.80mm, wherein the pass processing rate of wire drawing is 25-28%;
step five: the copper wire with the diameter of TR phi of 1.80mm produced by a large-drawing continuous-annealing wire drawing machine is drawn into a copper thin wire with the diameter of TR phi of 0.18-0.50mm by a multi-head continuous-annealing wire drawing machine under the conditions that the mass concentration of wire drawing oil is 3-5%, the mass concentration of burning and stewing liquid is 0.5-1%, the wire drawing speed is 800 plus 2000m/min, and the annealing proportion is 70%, wherein the processing rate of the drawing pass is 16-27%, and the processing rate of the last pass is 15-20%.
As a further aspect of the invention, the central axes of the smelting furnace, the compartment and the holding furnace are coincident, wherein two small holes formed by the junction of the smelting furnace body and the compartment are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the compartment, and the distance between the central axis of each small hole and the vertical plane where the central axis of the compartment is located is 10 cm; a small hole at the junction of the bulkhead and the holding furnace body is arranged in the middle of the junction; two rows of crystallizers vertically extending out of the heat preservation furnace and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the axis in the heat preservation furnace are arranged in the heat preservation furnace, wherein the distance between the central axis of each row of crystallizers and the vertical surface of the heat preservation furnace where the axis is located is 10 cm.
As a further aspect of the present invention, in the second step, the surface of the copper water in the compartment is covered with charcoal or graphite flakes.
As a further aspect of the invention, the small hole comprises a semicircular section with a semicircular upper part and a rectangular section with a rectangular lower part, and the rectangular section extends to the furnace bottom.
As a further aspect of the invention, the radius of the semicircular section is 2.5cm, and the side length of the rectangular section is 5 cm.
As a further aspect of the invention, the cooling water pressure in the third step is 0.4-0.6MPa, the water inlet temperature is 24-28 ℃, the traction speed is 2.0-2.2m/min, and the traction pitch is 0.2-0.3 mm.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the drawing pass distribution process in step four is:
8.0mm-6.78mm-5.78mm-4.95mm-4.25mm-3.64mm-3.12mm-2.67mm-2.30mm-1.99mm-1.83mm, and simultaneously controlling the tension air pressure of the copper wire to be 0.20-0.24MPa in the wire drawing process, so that the copper wire with the diameter of 1.83mm at the outlet is annealed and then is reduced to the copper wire with the diameter of 1.80 mm.
As a further step of the invention, the distribution process of the drawing pass of the wire drawing TR phi 0.50mm in the step five is as follows:
1.80mm-1.664mm-1.412mm-1.255mm-1.116mm-0.992mm-0.884mm-0.788mm-0.702mm-0.625mm-0.557mm-0.50mm。
as a further step of the invention, the distribution process of the drawing passes of drawing to TR phi 0.18mm in the step five is as follows:
1.80mm-1.664mm-1.412mm-1.255mm-1.116mm-0.992mm-0.884mm-0.788mm-0.702mm-0.625mm-0.557mm-0.496mm-0.442mm-0.394mm-0.351mm-0.319mm-0.290mm-0.263mm-0.239mm-0.217mm-0.198mm-0.18mm。
3. advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:
(1) the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile, wherein two small holes at the junction of a smelting furnace body and a compartment, one small hole at the junction of the compartment and a holding furnace body and a crystallizer arranged in a holding furnace are arranged in a staggered manner, so that copper water cannot directly flow into the holding furnace from the smelting furnace through the compartment, and the phenomenon that high-temperature copper water is directly pulled by the crystallizer to cause the copper rod to be loosened and have air holes is effectively avoided. Specifically, the direct current of the copper water in the smelting furnace enters the compartment and impacts the other wall of the compartment, so that the circulation of the copper water in the compartment is increased, and the charcoal or graphite flakes are covered on the surface of the copper water in the compartment, so that on one hand, the direct contact between the outside air and the copper water is isolated, on the other hand, the contact between the charcoal or graphite flakes and the copper water is used for reducing the oxygen in the copper water, and the oxygen control effect of the copper water is further improved; in addition, the copper water circulating in the compartment improves the uniformity of the temperature of the copper water in the compartment, so that a foundation is provided for the uniformity of the temperature of the copper water in the holding furnace, and the copper water entering the holding furnace from the compartment also directly impacts the other wall of the holding furnace, so that the circulation of the copper water in the holding furnace is increased, the uniformity of the temperature of the copper water in the holding furnace is improved, and the quality of a copper rod pulled in a crystallizer is further ensured.
(2) According to the preparation method of the copper wire for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile, disclosed by the invention, the copper wire is tightened on the annealing wheel by controlling the tension of the copper wire in the wire drawing process, so that the copper wire can be in close contact with the annealing wheel to improve the annealing effect on the one hand, and the condition that the loose copper wire is in contact with a nickel belt of the annealing wheel and has higher voltage and current at the moment of contact to cause ignition and wire breakage on the other hand can be avoided. However, under the condition of controlling the tension, the copper wire is wound on the annealing wheel tightly, so that the soft wire is slightly stretched, and the wire diameter is reduced, therefore, in the embodiment, through a large number of research experiments, the wire diameter is doubly controlled under the condition that the diameter of a suitable copper wire outlet die is finally selected to be 1.83mm and the tension air pressure of the copper wire is 0.20-0.24MPa, so that the copper wire with the diameter of 1.83mm at the final outlet is annealed and then is reduced to the copper wire with the diameter of 1.80 mm.
(3) The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile, wherein the pulling conditions in the fourth step are reasonably set, so that fine columnar crystals in a copper rod are stretched to form flat crystals, and then the flat crystals are annealed and then are recovered and recrystallized to form fine crystals, thereby not only removing the processing and hardening in the pulling process, but also enabling the internal structure of an upper copper rod to be tighter, greatly reducing the surface defects such as looseness, pores and burrs generated on the surface in the copper wire in the drawing process, improving the quality of the copper wire, greatly reducing the wire breakage rate of the subsequent continuous drawing, and enabling the copper fine wires produced in each batch to have good surface quality, high dimensional accuracy, low resistivity, good softness and high tensile strength, so as to meet the use requirements of electromagnetic wire cores, on one hand, by limiting the machining rate of the last pass of the copper wire, the wire breakage caused by the large machining rate of the last pass is avoided; on the other hand, the processing rate of the last pass of the copper wire is reasonably controlled, so that the diameter of the copper wire outlet is stable, and the surface quality is relatively good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the combination of the melting furnace, the compartment and the holding furnace;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the combination of the melting furnace, the compartment and the holding furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the small hole of the present invention.
01. A smelting furnace; 02. a bay; 03. a holding furnace; 04. a small hole; 041. a semicircular section; 042. a rectangular segment; 05. a crystallizer.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The preparation method of the copper wire for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile in the embodiment is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting high-purity cathode electrolytic copper with the purity of more than 99.957 percent as a matrix; the high-purity cathode copper with extremely low impurity element content is selected, so that the quality of molten copper can be improved, the resistivity of a copper rod is reduced, and the conductivity of a copper wire made of pure copper is improved.
Step two: smelting and electromagnetic stirring are integrated through a power frequency electromagnetic smelting furnace 01, then molten copper completely smelted flows into the compartment 02 through two small holes 04 at the bottom of the junction of the furnace body of the smelting furnace 01 and the compartment 02 in a cuboid structure, and flows into the holding furnace 03 through one small hole 04 at the bottom of the junction of the furnace body of the compartment 02 and the holding furnace 03, and charcoal or graphite flakes cover the surface of the molten copper in the compartment 02 in the step two.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the central axes of the smelting furnace 01, the bay 02 and the holding furnace 03 coincide, wherein two small holes 04 at the boundary of the furnace body of the smelting furnace 01 and the bay 02 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the bay 02, and the distance between the central axis of each small hole 04 and the vertical plane of the central axis of the bay 02 is 10 cm; a small hole 04 at the junction of the bulkhead 02 and the holding furnace 03 is arranged in the middle of the junction; two rows of crystallizers 05 vertically extending out of the heat preservation furnace 03 and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the heat preservation furnace 03 are arranged in the heat preservation furnace 03, wherein the distance between the central axis of each row of crystallizers 05 and the vertical surface where the central axis of the heat preservation furnace 03 is located is 10 cm.
Here, it should be noted that: in the embodiment, the compartment 02 is arranged between the smelting furnace 01 and the holding furnace 03, so that on one hand, the copper water in the smelting furnace 01 can be prevented from directly flowing into the holding furnace 03, and the phenomenon that the temperature of the copper water in the whole holding furnace 03 is unstable is avoided; on the other hand, the bay 02 plays a role in storing copper water, and by covering charcoal or graphite flakes on the surface of the copper water in the bay 02, moisture and air in the copper water can be removed, and a good oxygen control effect is achieved. Specifically, in this embodiment, the direct current of the copper water in the smelting furnace 01 entering the bay 02 impacts the other wall of the bay 02, so that the circulation of the copper water in the bay 02 is increased, and charcoal or graphite flakes are covered on the surface of the copper water in the bay 02, so that on one hand, the external air is isolated from being directly contacted with the copper water, on the other hand, oxygen in the copper water is reduced through the contact of the charcoal or graphite flakes and the copper water, and the oxygen control effect of the copper water is further improved; in addition, the uniformity of the temperature of the copper water in the compartment 02 is improved by the copper water circulating in the compartment 02, so that a foundation is provided for the uniformity of the temperature of the copper water in the holding furnace 03, and similarly, the copper water entering the holding furnace 03 from the compartment 02 can directly impact the other wall of the holding furnace 03, so that the circulation of the copper water in the holding furnace 03 is increased, the uniformity of the temperature of the copper water in the holding furnace 03 is improved, and the quality of a traction copper rod in the crystallizer 05 is ensured.
As shown in FIG. 3, the aperture 04 of this embodiment includes a semicircular upper section 041 and a rectangular lower section 042, and the rectangular section 042 extends to the furnace floor. Wherein, the radius of the semicircular section 041 is 2.5cm, and the side length of the rectangular section 042 is 5 cm.
In this embodiment, the small hole 04 is designed to include a semicircular segment 041 with a semicircular upper portion and a rectangular segment 042 with a rectangular lower portion, which is one of the key points of this embodiment, and it should be noted that: if the small hole 04 is designed to only comprise a semicircular hole with the same diameter as the semicircular section 041, the amount of copper water passing through the small hole 04 is small, and if the copper water is not supplemented in time under the condition that the traction speed of the crystallizer 05 in the heat preservation furnace 03 is slightly high, the liquid level of the copper water is reduced, and the production requirement cannot be met; if the small hole 04 is designed to be a semicircular hole with the same cross-sectional area as the semicircular section 041 and the rectangular section 042, the diameter of the small hole 04 is larger, so that more space is occupied at the bottom of a refractory brick at the junction of the smelting furnace 01 and the bulkhead 02 and at the junction of the bulkhead 02 and the holding furnace 03, the contact area between molten copper and the furnace bottom is increased when the molten copper flows, the furnace bottom is easily flushed, refractory materials at the furnace bottom fall off quickly, and the molten copper is seriously mixed with slag; therefore, the structural design that the lower part is rectangular and the upper part is semicircular can ensure that the molten copper is supplemented in time, reduce the contact area of the molten copper and the furnace bottom and reduce the slag inclusion of the molten copper; meanwhile, the upper part is semicircular, so that the refractory bricks are easy to demould when being manufactured, and the rectangular section 042 at the lower part extends to the bottom of the furnace, so that the molten copper at the bottoms of the smelting furnace 01 and the compartment 02 can be ensured to flow into the holding furnace 03.
Step three: then the molten copper is cooled and crystallized in a crystallizer 05, and a copper rod blank with the phi 8.0mm specification is produced through upward continuous casting; specifically, the cooling water pressure in the third step is 0.4-0.6MPa, the water inlet temperature is 24-28 ℃, the traction speed is 2.0-2.2m/min, and the traction pitch is 0.2-0.3mm, wherein reasonable traction pitch is set through reasonably setting the cooling water pressure, the water inlet temperature and the traction speed, so that the copper water is rapidly and fully cooled in the traction process in the crystallizer 05, fine columnar crystals are formed, the crystal boundary is close to a perfect hexagonal body, a large number of microscopic defects such as looseness, air holes and the like generated in the crystals are greatly reduced, the conductivity, the tensile strength and the elongation of the copper rod are increased, the surface quality of the copper rod is improved, the copper rod is smooth and has no cracks, and a foundation is laid for drawing fine wires in a subsequent process.
Step four: enabling a copper rod with the diameter of 8.0mm produced by upward continuous casting to pass through a thirteen-die large-drawing continuous annealing wire drawing machine, and drawing the copper rod into the copper rod with the diameter of 1.80mm TR diameter under the conditions that the mass concentration of wire drawing oil is 8-10%, the mass concentration of burning stewing liquid is 1-2%, the wire drawing speed is 1200m/min, the annealing proportion is 80%, the annealing voltage is 36-37V, and the annealing current is 2500-;
specifically, the distribution process of the drawing passes in the fourth step is as follows:
8.0mm-6.78mm-5.78mm-4.95mm-4.25mm-3.64mm-3.12mm-2.67mm-2.30mm-1.99mm-1.83mm, and simultaneously controlling the tension air pressure of the copper wire to be 0.20-0.24MPa in the wire drawing process, so that the copper wire with the diameter of 1.83mm at the outlet is annealed and then is reduced to the copper wire with the diameter of 1.80 mm.
It should be noted that: general copper line is unanimous with export mould line footpath at the line footpath that the drawing of big drawbench wire drawing box was come out, but because this implementation is through annealing on line and will draw into TR1.80mm's soft copper wire, and the local copper line in annealing can become soft, the copper line is taken up loosely on the annealing wheel, and through carrying out tension control to the copper line in this embodiment at the wire drawing in-process, and then can make the copper line tighten up on the annealing wheel, can make copper line and annealing wheel in close contact with on the one hand, improve annealing effect, on the other hand can avoid lax copper line and annealing wheel nickel strap contact instantaneous voltage, the electric current is higher, the condition that leads to striking sparks to break takes place. However, under the condition of controlling the tension, the copper wire is tightly wound on the annealing wheel, so that the soft wire is slightly stretched, and the wire diameter is reduced, therefore, in the embodiment, through a large number of research experiments, the wire diameter is dually controlled under the conditions that the diameter of a suitable copper wire outlet die is finally selected to be 1.83mm and the tension air pressure of the copper wire is 0.20-0.24MPa, so that the copper wire with the diameter of 1.83mm at the final outlet is annealed and then is contracted to the copper wire with the diameter of 1.80 mm.
Step five: the copper wire with the diameter of TR phi of 1.80mm produced by a large-drawing continuous-annealing wire drawing machine is drawn into a copper thin wire with the diameter of TR phi of 0.18-0.50mm by a multi-head continuous-annealing wire drawing machine under the conditions that the mass concentration of wire drawing oil is 3-5%, the mass concentration of burning and stewing liquid is 0.5-1%, the wire drawing speed is 800 plus 2000m/min, and the annealing proportion is 70%, wherein the processing rate of the drawing pass is 16-27%, and the processing rate of the last pass is 15-20%.
Specifically, in the fifth step, the distribution process of the drawing pass of drawing to TR phi 0.50mm is as follows:
1.80mm-1.664mm-1.412mm-1.255mm-1.116mm-0.992mm-0.884mm-0.788mm-0.702mm-0.625mm-0.557mm-0.50mm。
in the fifth step, the distribution process of drawing passes for drawing the wire into the wire with the TR phi of 0.18mm is as follows:
1.80mm-1.664mm-1.412mm-1.255mm-1.116mm-0.992mm-0.884mm-0.788mm-0.702mm-0.625mm-0.557mm-0.496mm-0.442mm-0.394mm-0.351mm-0.319mm-0.290mm-0.263mm-0.239mm-0.217mm-0.198mm-0.18mm。
the important points to be explained are: in the embodiment, by reasonably setting the drawing conditions in the fourth step, fine columnar crystals in the copper rod are stretched and then changed into flat crystals, and then the fine crystals are annealed and recrystallized again to form fine crystals, so that not only is the processing hardening in the drawing process eliminated, but also the structure in the upward-leading copper rod is tighter, the surface defects such as looseness and air holes in the copper wire and burrs generated on the surface in the drawing process are greatly reduced, the quality of the copper wire is improved, the wire breakage rate of the subsequent continuous drawing is greatly reduced, in addition, the drawing conditions reasonably set in the fifth step are added, so that the copper fine wires produced in each batch have good surface quality, high dimensional precision and low resistivity, have good flexibility and high tensile strength, further the use requirement of an electromagnetic wire core can be met, wherein the processing rate of the last copper wire is limited, on one hand, the wire breakage caused by the large machining rate of the last pass is avoided; on the other hand, the machining rate of the last pass of the copper wire is reasonably controlled, so that the diameter of the copper wire outlet wire is stable, and the surface quality is relatively good.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength high-conductivity copper wire for a new energy automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting high-purity cathode electrolytic copper with the purity of more than 99.957 percent as a matrix;
step two: smelting and electromagnetic stirring are integrated through a power frequency electromagnetic smelting furnace (01), then molten copper completely smelted flows into a bulkhead (02) through two small holes (04) at the junction bottom of the furnace body of the smelting furnace (01) and the bulkhead (02) in a cuboid structure, and flows into a holding furnace (03) through one small hole (04) at the junction bottom of the bulkhead (02) and the furnace body of the holding furnace (03);
step three: then the copper water is cooled and crystallized in a crystallizer (05), and a copper rod blank with the phi 8.0mm specification is produced by upward continuous casting;
step four: enabling a copper rod with the diameter of 8.0mm produced by upward continuous casting to pass through a thirteen-die large-drawing continuous annealing wire drawing machine, and drawing the copper rod into the copper rod with the diameter of 1.80mm TR diameter under the conditions that the mass concentration of wire drawing oil is 8-10%, the mass concentration of burning stewing liquid is 1-2%, the wire drawing speed is 1200m/min, the annealing proportion is 80%, the annealing voltage is 36-37V, and the annealing current is 2500-;
step five: the copper wire with the diameter of TR phi 1.80mm produced by a large-drawing continuous annealing wire drawing machine is drawn into a thin copper wire with the diameter of TR phi 0.18-0.50mm by a multi-head continuous annealing wire drawing machine under the conditions that the mass concentration of wire drawing oil is 3-5%, the mass concentration of burning stewing liquid is 0.5-1%, the wire drawing speed is 800-2000m/min, and the annealing proportion is 70%, wherein the pass processing rate of wire drawing is 16-27%, and the processing rate of the last pass is 15-20%.
2. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the central axes of the smelting furnace (01), the bulkhead (02) and the holding furnace (03) are superposed, wherein two small holes (04) at the boundary of the furnace body of the smelting furnace (01) and the bulkhead (02) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the bulkhead (02), and the distance between the central axis of each small hole (04) and the vertical plane where the central axis of the bulkhead (02) is located is 10 cm; a small hole (04) at the junction of the bulkhead (02) and the furnace body of the holding furnace (03) is arranged in the middle of the junction; two rows of crystallizers (05) vertically extending out of the heat preservation furnace (03) and symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the heat preservation furnace (03) are arranged in the heat preservation furnace (03), wherein the distance between the central axis of each row of crystallizers (05) and the vertical surface where the central axis of the heat preservation furnace (03) is located is 10 cm.
3. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the second step, charcoal or graphite flakes are covered on the surface of the copper water in the compartment (02).
4. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the small hole (04) comprises a semicircular section (041) with a semicircular upper part and a rectangular section (042) with a rectangular lower part, and the rectangular section (042) extends to the furnace bottom.
5. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the radius of the semicircular section (041) is 2.5cm, and the side length of the rectangular section (042) is 5 cm.
6. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the cooling water pressure in the third step is 0.4-0.6MPa, the water inlet temperature is 24-28 ℃, the traction speed is 2.0-2.2m/min, and the traction pitch is 0.2-0.3 mm.
7. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the distribution process of the drawing passes in the fourth step is as follows: 8.0mm-6.78mm-5.78mm-4.95mm-4.25mm-3.64mm-3.12mm-2.67mm-2.30mm-1.99mm-1.83mm, and simultaneously controlling the tension air pressure of the copper wire to be 0.20-0.24MPa in the wire drawing process, so that the copper wire with the diameter of 1.83mm at the outlet is annealed and then is reduced to the copper wire with the diameter of 1.80 mm.
8. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the fifth step, the distribution process of drawing passes of drawing into TR phi 0.50mm is as follows: 1.80mm-1.664mm-1.412mm-1.255mm-1.116mm-0.992mm-0.884mm-0.788mm-0.702mm-0.625mm-0.557mm-0.50 mm.
9. The preparation method of the copper wire rod for the high-strength high-conductivity new energy automobile according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: and step five, the distribution process of drawing passes of drawing into TR phi 0.18mm is as follows: 1.80mm-1.664mm-1.412mm-1.255mm-1.116mm-0.992mm-0.884mm-0.788mm-0.702mm-0.625mm-0.557mm-0.496mm-0.442mm-0.394mm-0.351mm-0.319mm-0.290mm-0.263mm-0.239mm-0.217mm-0.198mm-0.18 mm.
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