CN111821997B - Mercury-removing and denitration efficient catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Mercury-removing and denitration efficient catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel catalyst, and in particular relates to a mercury removal and denitration efficient catalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof. The mercury-removing denitration high-efficiency catalyst is TiO 2 As a carrier, cuO and CeO are impregnated, microwaved and roasted 2 And WO 3 Uniformly dispersing in the carrier. At N 2 +6%O 2 Under the components of flue gas, the zero-valent mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst reaches over 96.2, and the catalyst can be used for denitration and SO 2 In the presence of (6% o 2 、100ppm NO、100ppm NH 3 And 100ppm SO 2 ) Still can reach more than 82.5 percent, and shows good oxidation performance and sulfur resistance. The method for preparing the mercury oxidation catalyst by adopting the impregnation method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, low toxicity and environmental protection of the reagent, low cost, suitability for large-scale production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel catalyst, in particular to a demercuration denitration efficient catalyst with good sulfur resistance and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Mercury, commonly known as mercury, and having the chemical symbol of Hg, is a heavy metal that can exist in gaseous and liquid forms at room temperature. Mercury and its compounds are widely present in natural environments, such as rocks, sediments, minerals, etc., and mainly present in the form of cinnabar (HgS). The mercury has long-distance migration and biological enrichment, and can be used forCan be converted into highly toxic methyl mercury in nature, and has great harm to the environment and human health. Mercury exists in three main forms in atmospheric environments: gaseous elemental mercury (Hg) 0 ) Gaseous active mercury (Hg) 2+ ) And particulate mercury (Hg) p ). Mercury is mainly Hg in atmospheric environment 0 The mercury can stay in the atmosphere for a period of months to a year and is transported along with the air flow for a long distance, so that environmental mercury pollution is caused in areas far away from pollution sources, and serious health and economic losses are caused. In order to effectively suppress the use, release and emission of mercury globally and reduce the damage of mercury to the environment and human health, the international society has agreed in 2013 with the mercury article having legal restrictions and generates the water applicant convention on mercury, which is in effect at 2017 on month 8 and 16, wherein the coal burning industry is the key management source of the convention. Therefore, the research on the flue gas demercuration in the coal burning industry is of great significance.
For example, in coal-fired power plants, the pollution control measures have been provided with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) or Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) denitration measures, fabric Filter (FF) or electric Precipitator (ESP) dust removal devices, wet Desulfurization devices (WFGD), and Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP). With country to NOx and SO 2 The control is tightened, and denitration equipment and wet desulphurization equipment are gradually added in the coal-fired industrial boiler and the cement industry. Under the pollution control condition, the national plan adopts a method of cooperative control of various pollution control facilities to reduce the emission of mercury in the flue gas (Wu Q, et al. Environ Sci Technol,2018,52 (19): 11087-11093). In flue gas, over 99 percent of Hg p Can be removed by dust removing equipment, and has over 80 percent of Hg 2+ Can be removed by a wet desulphurization device, but Hg 0 Are difficult to directly capture by pollution control equipment (ZHao S, et al. RSC adv.,2015,5 (39): 30841-30850. In coal combustion flue gas, hg 0 Approximately accounts for total mercury (Hg) T ) About 20 percent of the mercury in smoke of low-grade coal such as brown coal and the like 0 The content may amount to more than 80% of the total mercury emissions (Guo X, et al&Fuels,2007,21 (2): 898-902). Therefore, hg 0 The removal of the mercury is an important content for solving the problem of mercury pollution emission of coal-fired flue gas. Hg is introduced via a catalyst 0 Conversion to Hg 2+ And then capturing Hg by a desulfurization device 2+ Thereby effectively reducing Hg by means of the cooperative control of the existing equipment 0 Emissions are an ideal technical approach to control mercury emissions. The key step of the technology is to prepare high-efficiency Hg 0 An oxidation catalyst.
Review of domestic and foreign literature found that, at present, hg 0 Oxidation catalysts can be classified into three broad categories: vanadium tungsten titanium denitration catalysts, noble metal oxide catalysts and transition metal oxide catalysts (Drangase:Sub>A B-A, et al, catalysts,2012,2 (4): 139-170, senftle T P, et al ACS catalysts, 2017,7 (1): 327-332, yan N, et al, environmental Science&Technology,2011,45 (13): 5725-5730). Vanadium tungsten titanium denitration catalyst is widely used in Nitrogen Oxide (NO) x ) Reduction removal of Hg 0 Also has certain oxidation performance (Chen C, jia, et al&Fuels,2018,32 (6): 7025-7034; usberti N, et al applied Catalysis B, environmental,2016,193 (3): 121-132; zhang X, et al applied Surface Science,2015,347 (8): 392-400.); noble metal oxide catalyst for Hg 0 The oxidation efficiency is good, but the expensive price of the noble metal limits the wide application of the noble metal catalyst; transition metal oxide type catalyst for Hg under certain conditions 0 Has better catalytic oxidation (Li H, et al. Applied Catalysis B: environmental,2012,111-112 (3): 381-388, liu D, et al. Fuel,2017,194 (3): 115-122, sun S, et al. Chemical Engineering journal,2014,258 (6): 128-135). Wherein Ce oxide is in pairs of Hg 0 Has good catalytic oxidation capability, low cost, low toxicity and good application prospect. However, researches show that the reaction temperature window of the Ce-based oxide is narrow, the sulfur resistance is poor, and SO is generated 2 The occurrence of (2) has a great influence on the mercury oxidation performance of the Ce-based oxide. Therefore, the adoption of proper doping reagent improves the mercury oxidation efficiency and sulfur resistance of the catalyst,the active oxygen content on the surface of the catalyst is improved, the acidity and alkalinity on the surface of the catalyst are improved, the sulfur resistance of the catalyst is improved, and a novel combined demercuration and denitration catalyst is developed to overcome SO 2 The problem of Ce-based catalyst inhibition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-efficiency catalyst for mercury removal and denitration, which has good denitration performance, sulfur resistance and mercury oxidation capability. The catalyst is prepared by adopting a cheap and low-toxicity active reagent, and has the advantages of simple method and easy engineering application.
The invention provides a high-efficiency catalyst for demercuration and denitration, which is prepared from TiO 2 As carrier, cuO, ceO 2 And WO 3 Uniformly dispersed in the carrier.
Further, the molar ratio of the copper element, the cerium element and the tungsten element loaded in the catalyst is (1-10): 9 (1-10), and preferably 5.
Further, the loading of the copper element in the catalyst is 1-10%, for example, 1%, 5% or 10%, preferably 5%.
Furthermore, the loading amount of the cerium element in the catalyst is 1 to 10%, for example, 1%, 5% or 10%, preferably 5%.
Further, the loading amount of the tungsten element of the catalyst is 5-10%, and the loading amount is preferably 9%.
If not specifically indicated, the loading amount of the catalyst refers to a certain element or an oxide of the element loaded in the catalyst and the carrier TiO 2 The amount ratio of the substances (c).
Furthermore, the sum of the loading amounts of the copper element, the cerium element and the tungsten element in the catalyst is 15-24%, and is preferably 19%.
Further, the TiO 2 Is commercial TiO 2 (P25)。
The catalyst of the invention may be TiO 2 As carrier, cuO and CeO are impregnated, treated by microwave and roasted 2 And WO 3 Uniformly dispersed in the carrier.
Specifically, the preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps:
1) Ce (NO) 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 Adding O into deionized water, and adding a proper amount of oxalic acid; then 5 (NH) is added 4 ) 2 O·12WO 3 ·5H 2 O and Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 Preparing a dipping solution; then adding TiO 2 Preparing a mixed solution; microwave treatment;
2) And stirring, drying, roasting and cooling the mixed solution after microwave treatment.
Further, the amount of oxalic acid added is such that 5 (NH) is added 4 ) 2 O·12WO 3 ·5H 2 No precipitation after O. Typically, a 5wt% oxalic acid solution may be used.
Further, in the impregnation solution, ce (NO) 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O、5(NH 4 ) 2 O·12WO 3 ·5H 2 O and Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 The concentration of (B) is preferably 1-2 mol.L -1 。
Further, copper element, cerium element, tungsten element and TiO in the mixed solution 2 Are 1-10%, 5% and 9%, respectively.
Further, the microwave treatment time is 5-30min, preferably 15min; the microwave power is 600-800w.
Researches show that the mixed reagent can be uniformly loaded on TiO by microwave treatment 2 On a carrier.
Further, the stirring time in the step 2) is 12-48h, preferably 24h, and the condition of stirring to uniformly mix the suspension is preferred.
Further, step 2) may be dried at 110 ℃ (in an oven) for 12h.
Further, the roasting temperature is 450-550 ℃, and the roasting time is 3-5h; preferably, the roasting temperature is 500 ℃ and the roasting time is 4 hours. For example, it may be fired in a muffle furnace.
The invention also comprises the application of the catalyst in catalytic oxidation of Hg 0 Especially for Hg in coal-fired flue gas 0 Catalytic oxidation of (2).
The inventionThe prepared catalyst gets rid of the dependence of the traditional catalyst on HCl for oxidizing zero-valent mercury, and shows good mercury oxidation efficiency under the HCl-free condition, wherein the mercury oxidation efficiency is 81.2-97.5% (100-450 ℃); 5% of CuO SO that Cu can be doped in the Ce-O-W crystal structure to form a double oxidation-reduction structure (Ce-O-Cu), making the catalyst chemical structure more variable, providing more mercury oxidation sites, cuO being more easily reacted with SO 2 React to form copper sulfate, thereby protecting CeO 2 Active sites, improve the sulfur resistance of the catalyst. In addition, the mercury oxidation catalyst is prepared by adopting an impregnation method, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity and convenience in operation, low toxicity and environmental protection of the reagent, low cost, suitability for large-scale production and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the effect of the amount of CuO impregnation on the mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
TiO used hereinafter 2 Is commercial TiO 2 (P25)。
Example 1
High efficiency catalyst for demercuration and denitration, wherein CeO 2 A loading of 5%, WO 3 The loading is 9 percent, the CuO loading is 5 percent, and the balance is TiO 2 A carrier; the catalyst adopts CuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 And (4) showing.
The mercury-removing and denitration efficient catalyst is prepared by the following method:
(1) 0.2mol of Ce (NO) 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O was added to 200ml of deionized water, 20ml of a 5wt% oxalic acid solution was added, and 0.03mol of 5 (NH) was added 4 ) 2 O·12WO 3 ·5H 2 O and 0.2mol of Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 Preparing an impregnation solution, and adding 3.24mol of TiO 2 Form aMixing the solution; in the mixed solution, ce element and TiO carrier 2 Is 5%; cu element and TiO carrier 2 Is 5%; w element and TiO 2 Is 9%; the mixed solution was subjected to microwave treatment at a power of 700w for 15min.
(2) Stirring the mixed solution after the microwave treatment for 24 hours, then putting the mixed solution into a drying oven at 110 ℃ for drying for 12 hours, finally roasting the mixed solution in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 4 hours, and naturally cooling the roasted solution to 25 ℃ to obtain a catalyst CuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 。
Example 2
High efficiency catalyst for demercuration and denitration, wherein CeO 2 The loading was 5%, WO 3 The loading is 9 percent, the CuO loading is 1 percent, and the balance is TiO 2 A carrier; the catalyst adopts CuO (1) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 And (4) showing.
The mercury-removing and denitration high-efficiency catalyst of the embodiment is prepared basically by the method of the embodiment 1, and is different from the embodiment 1 only in that Cu (NO) is used 3 ) 2 The amount added was replaced with 0.04mol.
Example 3
High efficiency catalyst for demercuration and denitration, wherein CeO 2 A loading of 5%, WO 3 The loading is 9 percent, the CuO loading is 10 percent, and the balance is TiO 2 A carrier; the catalyst adopts CuO (10) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 And (4) showing.
The mercury-removing and denitration high-efficiency catalyst is prepared basically by the method in example 1, and only differs from example 1 in that Cu (NO) is added 3 ) 2 The amount added was replaced with 0.4mol.
Comparative example 1
Catalyst of CeO 2 A loading of 5%, WO 3 9 percent of loading and the balance of TiO 2 A carrier; the catalyst adopts CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 And (4) showing.
The comparative catalyst was prepared essentially as in example 1, except that NO Cu (NO) was added 3 ) 2 。
The catalysts of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 above were separately ground, tabletted and sieved to obtain 40-60 mesh catalyst samples for the following mercury oxidation experiments.
Experimental example 1
The catalysts of the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 are taken as experimental samples, and the influence of different CuO impregnation amounts on the mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst is examined.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: separate testing of CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 、CuO(1)-CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 、CuO(5)-CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 And CuO (10) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 Mercury oxidation efficiency of the four catalysts, and the influence of the CuO loading on the catalyst activity was tested.
The reaction conditions are as follows: n is a radical of hydrogen 2 +6%O 2 (ii) a Space velocity: 100000h -1 (ii) a Mercury concentration: 80.0. Mu.g/m -3 。
The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 1, wherein "CuO-free" represents the catalyst of comparative example 1; "1%CuO", "5%CuO", "10%.
As shown in FIG. 1, cuO addition greatly increased the catalyst to Hg 0 The oxidation efficiency of (a). Especially at temperature<At 300 ℃, cuO modifies catalyst Hg 0 The oxidation efficiency is obviously higher than that of CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 A catalyst. At 100 ℃ of CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 The oxidation efficiency of the catalyst was only 48.7%, but 1%, 5% and 10% of the Hg of the catalyst after modification with CuO 0 The oxidation efficiency increased to 68.8%, 81.2% and 76.2%. This is because Cu is generally considered to be a low temperature activator and Ce is a medium and high temperature activator. The CuO modification broadens the oxidation performance of the cerium-tungsten-titanium catalyst in a low-temperature range. Under the condition of medium and high temperature, the oxidation performance of the catalyst is not obviously promoted by the CuO modification. The results of comparison of the modification effects of different impregnation amounts show that the modification effect of 5% CuO impregnation amount is superior to that of 1% and 10% impregnation amounts. This is probably because when the impregnation amount is too low (1%), the catalyst surface cannot form enough CuO active component to conductThe oxidation performance of the catalyst is smaller; however, when the impregnation amount is too high (10%), cuO forms crystals to be deposited on the surface of the catalyst, thereby preventing the transfer of contaminants and increasing the gas transport resistance, thereby decreasing the CuO modification effect. In addition, 5% of impregnation amount ensures that the atomic ratio of Ce to Cu is 1. This makes the catalyst chemistry more variable, creating more oxygen vacancies, providing more Hg 0 An oxidation site. Therefore, 5% of CuO shows the optimum CeO impregnation amount 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 And (3) catalyst modification effect.
Experimental example 2
The mercury removal and denitration high-efficiency catalyst in the embodiment 1 is subjected to activity test by using simulated flue gas on a mercury removal test platform and a denitration test platform respectively.
The experimental conditions were as follows: n is a radical of hydrogen 2 ,6%O 2 (ii) a Airspeed: the demercuration test is 100000h -1 And the denitration test is 50000h -1 。
The experimental results are as follows: at high temperature (250-350 deg.C), cuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 The mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst is 96.2% -97.5%; at low temperature (100-250 deg.C), cuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 The low-temperature mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst is maintained at 81.2% -93.7%. At high temperature (300-450 deg.C), cuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 The denitration efficiency of the catalyst reaches 91.6-98.5%. Therefore, the catalyst maintains good mercury removal and denitration performance.
Experimental example 3
The mercury removal and denitration high-efficiency catalyst in the embodiment 1 is used for carrying out sulfur resistance test by using simulated flue gas on a mercury removal test platform and a denitration test platform respectively.
The experimental conditions were as follows: n is a radical of 2 ,6%O 2 ,100ppm NO,100ppm NH 3 ,100ppm SO 2 ,80.0μg·m -3 Hg 0 (ii) a Space velocity: demercuration test is 100000h -1 The denitration test is 50000h -1 。
The experimental result shows that in the high temperature range (200-450 ℃), cuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 The mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst is 82.5% -88.5%; at low temperature (100-200 deg.C), cuO (5) -CeO 2 (5)-WO 3 (9)/TiO 2 The low-temperature mercury oxidation efficiency of the catalyst is kept between 71.5 and 80.3 percent.
The experiment results show that the catalyst has good oxidizability and higher demercuration and denitration performance, so that the oxidation of zero-valent mercury is free from the dependence on HCl, and the catalyst shows good sulfur resistance and low-temperature activity. The mercury oxidation catalyst is prepared by adopting an impregnation method, and the method has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, low toxicity and environmental protection of the reagent, low cost, suitability for large-scale production and the like.
Although the invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. Mercury removal and denitration catalyst for catalytic oxidation of Hg in coal-fired flue gas 0 The use of (A) wherein the catalyst is TiO 2 As carrier, cuO and CeO 2 And WO 3 Uniformly dispersed in the carrier;
the copper element and the carrier TiO in the catalyst 2 Is 5%;
in the catalyst, cerium element and TiO carrier 2 Is 5%;
tungsten element and carrier TiO in the catalyst 2 Is 9%.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is TiO 2 As carrier, cuO and CeO are prepared by soaking, microwave treatment and roasting 2 And WO 3 Uniformly dispersed in the carrier.
3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a process comprising:
1) Adding Ce (NO) 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 Adding O into deionized water, and adding a proper amount of oxalic acid; then 5 (NH) is added 4 ) 2 O·12WO 3 ·5H 2 O and Cu (NO) 3 ) 2 Preparing a dipping solution; then adding TiO 2 Preparing a mixed solution; microwave treatment;
2) And stirring, drying, roasting and cooling the mixed solution after microwave treatment.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the microwave treatment time in the preparation method of the catalyst is 5-30min; the microwave power is 600-800w.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the microwave treatment time in the preparation process of the catalyst is 15min.
6. The use according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a process wherein the calcination temperature is 450 to 550 ℃ and the calcination time is 3 to 5 hours.
7. Use according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the catalyst is prepared by a process wherein the calcination temperature is 500 ℃ and the calcination time is 4 hours.
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