CN111814226B - Tunnel engineering hydrogeology BIM model construction method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a hydrogeological BIM model construction method for tunnel engineering, which is not mature in technology and method for constructing hydrogeological BIM model due to the complexity of hydrogeological conditions, the limitation of cognitive degree, the limitation of visualization tools and the like. Most of the existing BIM modeling business software aims at the industries of oil reservoirs, mines and the like, few long and large tunnel projects are aimed at, the manual interaction workload is large, and the large-scale project application requirements cannot be met. Aiming at the characteristics of hydrogeological conditions of tunnel engineering, the method mainly comprises basic data preparation, terrain surface modeling, tunnel outer contour modeling, Xingxing area modeling, hydrogeological interface modeling, Boolean operation adults, hydrogeological body identification and IFC attribute deployment, and realizes the rapid construction of a hydrogeological BIM model on the basis of man-machine interaction, thereby meeting the large-scale engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway and highway engineering, in particular to a hydrogeology BIM model construction method applied to tunnel engineering.
Background
In recent years, tunnel engineering is widely adopted in the construction of traffic infrastructures such as subways, high-speed rails and highways in order to relieve urban traffic pressure and fully utilize land resources, and the problem of underground water is one of the main risk factors in engineering construction.
The hydrogeology BIM model is a technology which combines hydrogeology information with a visualization tool and is used for geological research and application in a three-dimensional environment by applying a computer technology. The hydrogeology BIM model has important significance in the aspects of engineering route selection, collaborative design, construction guidance and the like. However, due to the complexity of hydrogeological conditions, the limitation of cognitive degree, the limitation of visualization tools and the like, the method and the technology for constructing the hydrogeological BIM model are not mature. Most of the existing BIM modeling business software aims at the industries of oil reservoirs, mines and the like, few tunnel projects are aimed at, the workload of manual interaction is large, and the large-scale project application requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel engineering hydrogeological BIM model construction method, which can divide hydrogeological sequence, generalize hydrogeological conditions according to a certain principle, construct a hydrogeological BIM model which accords with underground water distribution characteristics and change rules, has important significance for engineering line selection, collaborative design, guidance construction and the like, and realizes the rapid construction of the hydrogeological BIM model on the basis of man-machine interaction on the basis of hydrogeological data and typical cross sections of tunnels.
The invention provides a tunnel engineering hydrogeology BIM model construction method, which comprises the following steps:
101, preparing basic data, and preparing a hydrogeological interface line; the basic data preparation is obtained by combining an engineering geological longitudinal section, a geological data backup library and a digital paper section with regional geological conditions in a generalized manner; the hydrogeological interface line consists of stratum nodes forming the line and has topological hydrogeological attribute information, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the stratum nodes are (x, y, z);
the basic data preparation further comprises preparation of terrain DEM data, a typical cross sectional diagram of the tunnel structure, a plane line position central line and a space line position central line basic data;
102, modeling a terrain curved surface: generating a terrain point cloud through terrain DEM data, and generating terrain curved surfaces with certain widths on two sides of the centerline of the plane linear position of the tunnel engineering by adopting a Kriging (Kriging) interpolation method;
103, modeling the outer contour of the tunnel: drawing an outer contour line of the tunnel through a typical cross section diagram of the tunnel structure, taking the outer contour line of the tunnel as a plane contour line, taking a position central line of a space line as a guide line, and sweeping to form an outer contour model of the tunnel;
104, modeling a feeling region: specifically, searching data points in all basic data, and finding out point _ min and point _ max with the minimum and maximum coordinates x or y, and a minimum value z _ min; the method comprises the steps that a point _ min and a point _ max are sequentially used as a starting point and an end point, a plane linear position central line is used as a reference, the preset width is expanded to the left and the right by 20-200 m to form a feeling area on an xy plane, an elevation horizontal plane where the z _ min is located and a terrain curved surface are used as a bottom plate and a top plate, and a feeling area entity is formed in a closed mode;
105, modeling a hydrogeological interface: specifically, a hydrogeological interface line is taken as a benchmark, a stratum node is taken as an element, a deduction method based on a reference surface is adopted for deduction, the reference surface is an arbitrary plane or curved surface, the deduction direction is an included angle of 45-90 degrees with a line position central line, points obtained through deduction inherit hydrogeological attribute information of the hydrogeological interface line taken as the benchmark, and a hydrogeological interface is formed together with the hydrogeological interface line taken as the benchmark;
step 106, a Boolean operation adult: specifically, other hydrogeological interfaces except for a stable diving level and a pressure-bearing water level are endowed with a certain thickness of thickness _ DC to form a thick curved surface body; taking the thick curved surface body as a body, and performing Boolean intersection with an entity of the feeling region to form a thick curved surface body in the feeling region, wherein the body inherits the stratum attribute of a hydrogeological interface; taking the entity of the sensitive region as a body, and carrying out Boolean reduction operation with the thick curved surface body to divide the entity of the sensitive region into a plurality of geologic bodies;
step 107, identifying the hydrological geologic body; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of;
1) counting the number of the geologic bodies generated by Boolean operation, and acquiring any point A on the lower surface of a certain geologic body, measuring the minimum distance (distence _ min) between the point A and other hydrogeological interfaces except a stable diving level and a pressure-bearing water level, and a point B corresponding to the minimum distance;
2) if only one hydrogeological interface meets the conditions that the minimum distance _ min is not more than thickness _ DC and the elevation Hb of the point B is less than the elevation Ha of the point A, the hydrogeological attribute of the hydrogeological interface is given to the geological body;
if 2 or more than 2 hydrogeological interfaces meet the conditions that the minimum distance _ min is not more than thickness viscosity _ DC and the elevation Hb of the point B is less than the elevation Ha of the point A, moving the point A forward or backward by 10-50 m along the line direction, and repeating the process of 1), so as to obtain the hydrogeological interfaces meeting the conditions;
3) circulating all the geobodies, and repeating the processes 1) and 2), so that all the geobodies can be identified;
108, IFC attribute deployment: the hydrologic geologic body geometric model is provided with a unique identification code, the identification code is used as a link, the hydrologic geologic BIM model is integrated into a standard IfcGeologypart-IfcRockSoiIMass structure, a corresponding IFD code is configured, and hydrologic attribute information is deployed into a corresponding standard IFC attribute.
Further, step 105 adopts a deduction method based on a reference surface, and the method for obtaining the deduction point line specifically includes:
1) selecting a reference point: selecting any stratum node on the hydrogeological interface line as a datum point K;
2) preparing a reference surface: the reference surface can be any drawn or existing curved surface or plane, and the vertical projection range of the reference surface on the XY plane is larger than that of the sensitive region on the XY plane;
3) specifying the deduction direction: projecting the reference point to an XY plane, and making a line segment intersected with the position of the plane line through a projection point N, wherein the intersection point is M, and the direction of the line segment points to N, namely MN from M;
4) and (3) deduction points: generating a deduction point at regular intervals (distance _ TY) along the MN direction from the reference point K, wherein the distance (along the z direction) between the deduction point and the reference surface is consistent with that of the reference point;
5) and circulating 1) -4) to obtain all deduction points.
The distance (distance _ TY) and the number of groups of derived points (NTeam _ TY) can be adjusted as desired.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the long and large tunnel engineering in the fourth series of strata, the invention constructs the hydrogeological BIM model which accords with the underground water distribution characteristics and the change rule, has strong visualization function and vivid three-dimensional dynamic display, fuses hydrogeological information and the three-dimensional solid model, has intuitive and vivid spatial relationship between the tunnel structure and the aquifer, the water level and the like, and has important significance for engineering line selection, collaborative design, construction guidance and the like; a standard IFC format file can be output, so that data transmission is facilitated; the man-machine interaction workload is small, the model controllability is strong, the rapid reconstruction of the model can be realized, and the large-scale application requirements of engineering are met.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation process of a tunnel engineering hydrogeological BIM model construction method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the method for constructing the hydrogeological BIM model of the tunnel engineering includes the following steps:
step S1, basic data preparation:
the hydrogeological interface line can be obtained by generalizing geological conditions of a combined area such as an engineering geological longitudinal section, a geological data backup database, a digital paper section and the like; the hydrogeological interface mainly comprises an overlying unsaturated soil layer, a diving aquifer, a water-resisting layer, a confined water aquifer, a diving position and a confined water level; the hydrogeological interface line is composed of stratum nodes forming the line, topological hydrogeological attribute information (layer numbers, stratum lithology and the like) is contained, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the stratum nodes are (x, y, z).
In addition, basic data such as terrain DEM data, a typical cross sectional diagram of the tunnel structure, a planar line position central line and a spatial line position central line are required to be prepared.
It should be noted here that the hydrogeological formation is comprehensively determined by combining the geological conditions of the engineering geological profile of the construction site and the geological conditions of the region, and the main principle of stratum generalization is as follows: 1) the overall composition meets the hydrological geological formation division; 2) projecting main lithology, taking the stratums widely distributed in the same layer group in the range of a working point as main lithology stratums, and properly combining adjacent stratums; 3) the thin water-containing layers and the lens bodies which have influences on engineering and are widely distributed in the space position of the tunnel structure are reasonably shown, and the thin layers which have smaller influences on the engineering and the lens bodies which are only locally distributed are ignored.
Step S2: modeling a terrain curved surface;
generating a terrain point cloud through terrain DEM data, and generating terrain curved surfaces with certain widths on two sides of the centerline of the plane linear position of the tunnel engineering by adopting a Kriging (Kriging) interpolation method;
s3, modeling the outer contour of the tunnel;
drawing an outer contour line of the tunnel through a typical cross section diagram of the tunnel structure, taking the outer contour line of the tunnel as a plane contour line, taking a position central line of a space line as a guide line, and sweeping to form an outer contour model of the tunnel; so as to vividly show the spatial relationship between the tunnel outer contour model and the geologic body formed behind;
step S4, modeling the feeling region;
namely a modeling area, searching data points in all basic data, and finding out point _ min and point _ max with the minimum and maximum coordinates x or y and a minimum value z _ min of z; the method comprises the steps that a point _ min and a point _ max are sequentially used as a starting point and an end point, a plane linear position central line is used as a reference, the preset width is expanded to the left and the right by 20-200 m to form a feeling area on an xy plane, an elevation horizontal plane where the z _ min is located and a terrain curved surface are used as a bottom plate and a top plate, and a feeling area entity is formed in a closed mode;
s5, modeling a hydrogeological interface;
taking the hydrogeological interface line as a benchmark, taking the stratum node as an element, and deducing by adopting a deduction method based on a reference surface, wherein the reference surface is any plane or curved surface, the deduction direction is an included angle of 45-90 degrees with the central line of the line position, and the deduced point inherits hydrogeological attribute information of the hydrogeological interface line as the benchmark and forms a hydrogeological interface together with the hydrogeological interface line as the benchmark;
the tunnel engineering exploration points are generally arranged in a cross mode along the position 3-5 m of the outer side of the tunnel structure, a deduction modeling is carried out by adopting a deduction method based on a reference surface, and a deduction point line is obtained by the following method.
(1) Selecting a reference point: selecting any stratum node on the hydrogeological interface line as a datum point K;
(2) preparing a reference surface: the reference surface can be any drawn or existing curved surface or plane, and the vertical projection range of the reference surface on the XY plane is larger than that of the sensitive region on the XY plane;
(3) specifying the deduction direction: projecting the reference point to an XY plane, and making a line segment intersected with the position of the plane line through a projection point N, wherein the intersection point is M, and the direction of the line segment points to N, namely MN from M;
(4) and (3) deduction points: and generating a deduction point at regular intervals (distance _ TY) of the reference point K along the direction of the MN, wherein the distance (along the z direction) between the deduction point and the reference surface is consistent with that of the reference point.
(5) And (5) circulating the steps from (1) to (4) to obtain all deduction points.
The distance (distance _ TY) and the number of groups of derived points (NTeam _ TY) can be adjusted as desired.
It should be noted that, by adopting the reference surface-based deduction method of the present step, the reference surface may be any plane or curved surface, and the deduction direction is at a certain angle, preferably at an angle of 45 to 90 degrees, with respect to the center line of the linear position, thereby ensuring that the selectable reference surfaces and deduction directions are wider and more flexible, and the finally obtained surface can also reflect the construction intention.
Step S6, a Boolean operation adult;
endowing other hydrogeological interfaces except for a stable diving level and a pressure-bearing water level with a thickness of thickness _ DC to form a thick curved surface body; taking the thick curved surface body as a body, and performing Boolean intersection with an entity of the feeling region to form a thick curved surface body in the feeling region, wherein the body inherits the stratum attribute of a hydrogeological interface; taking the entity of the sensitive region as a body, and carrying out Boolean reduction operation with the thick curved surface body to divide the entity of the sensitive region into a plurality of geologic bodies;
step S7, hydrologic geologic body identification;
(1) counting the number of the geologic bodies generated by Boolean operation, and acquiring any point A on the lower surface of a certain geologic body, measuring the minimum distance (distence _ min) between the point A and other hydrogeological interfaces except a stable diving level and a pressure-bearing water level, and a point B corresponding to the minimum distance;
(2) if only one hydrogeological interface meets the conditions that the minimum distance _ min is not more than thickness _ DC and the elevation Hb of the point B is less than the elevation Ha of the point A, the hydrogeological attribute of the hydrogeological interface is given to the geological body;
if 2 or more than 2 hydrogeological interfaces meet the conditions that the minimum distance _ min is not more than thickness viscosity _ DC and the elevation Hb of the point B is less than the elevation Ha of the point A, moving the point A forward or backward by 10-50 m along the line direction, and repeating the process of 1), so that the hydrogeological interface meeting the conditions can be obtained;
(3) circulating all the geologic bodies, repeating the processes (1) and (2) to identify all the geologic bodies;
step S8, deploying IFC attributes;
the geometric model of the hydrogeological body has a unique identification code, and the hydrogeological attribute information meeting the IFC standard is given to the hydrogeological body by taking the identification code as a link.
Namely, integrating a hydrogeology BIM model into a standard IfcGeololgy part-IfcRockSoiIMass structure, configuring a corresponding IFD code, and deploying hydrogeology attribute information into a corresponding standard IFC attribute; the geometric model built by the traditional hydrological geologic body is not in a format required by an industry standard and cannot be effectively transmitted, the standardization of the model industry is realized by the step, and the model architecture, the data format, the code, the attribute information and the like can be effectively transmitted.
By adopting the tunnel engineering hydrogeological BIM model construction method, a hydrogeological BIM model which accords with underground water distribution characteristics and change rules is constructed for long and large tunnel engineering in the fourth series of strata, the method has a powerful visualization function, vivid three-dimensional dynamic display, hydrogeological information is fused with a three-dimensional entity model, the spatial relationship between a tunnel structure and a water-bearing layer, water level and the like is visual and vivid, and the method has important significance for engineering route selection, collaborative design, construction guidance and the like; a standard IFC format file can be output, so that data transmission is facilitated; the man-machine interaction workload is small, the model controllability is strong, the rapid reconstruction of the model can be realized, and the large-scale application requirements of engineering are met.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A tunnel engineering hydrogeology BIM model construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
101, preparing basic data, and preparing a hydrogeological interface line; the basic data preparation is obtained by combining an engineering geological longitudinal section, a geological data backup library and a digital paper section with regional geological conditions in a generalized manner; the hydrogeological interface line consists of stratum nodes forming the line and has topological hydrogeological attribute information, and the three-dimensional coordinates of the stratum nodes are (x, y, z);
the basic data preparation further comprises preparation of terrain DEM data, a typical cross sectional diagram of the tunnel structure, a plane line position central line and a space line position central line basic data;
102, modeling a terrain curved surface: generating a terrain point cloud through terrain DEM data, and generating terrain curved surfaces with certain widths on two sides of a centerline of a plane line position of tunnel engineering by adopting a Krigin interpolation method;
103, modeling the outer contour of the tunnel: drawing an outer contour line of the tunnel through a typical cross section diagram of the tunnel structure, taking the outer contour line of the tunnel as a plane contour line, taking a position central line of a space line as a guide line, and sweeping to form an outer contour model of the tunnel;
104, modeling a feeling region: specifically, searching data points in all basic data, and finding out point _ min and point _ max with the minimum and maximum coordinates x or y, and a minimum value z _ min; the method comprises the steps that a point _ min and a point _ max are sequentially used as a starting point and an end point, a plane linear position central line is used as a reference, the preset width is expanded to the left and the right by 20-200 m to form a feeling area on an xy plane, an elevation horizontal plane where the z _ min is located and a terrain curved surface are used as a bottom plate and a top plate, and a feeling area entity is formed in a closed mode;
105, modeling a hydrogeological interface: specifically, a hydrogeological interface line is taken as a benchmark, a stratum node is taken as an element, a deduction method based on a reference surface is adopted for deduction, the reference surface is an arbitrary plane or curved surface, the deduction direction is an included angle of 45-90 degrees with a line position central line, points obtained through deduction inherit hydrogeological attribute information of the hydrogeological interface line taken as the benchmark, and a hydrogeological interface is formed together with the hydrogeological interface line taken as the benchmark;
step 106, a Boolean operation adult: specifically, other hydrogeological interfaces except for a stable diving level and a pressure-bearing water level are endowed with a certain thickness of thickness _ DC to form a thick curved surface body; taking the thick curved surface body as a body, and performing Boolean intersection with an entity of the feeling region to form a thick curved surface body in the feeling region, wherein the body inherits the stratum attribute of a hydrogeological interface; taking the entity of the sensitive region as a body, and carrying out Boolean reduction operation with the thick curved surface body to divide the entity of the sensitive region into a plurality of geologic bodies;
step 107, identifying the hydrological geologic body; specifically, the method comprises the following steps of;
1) counting the number of the geologic bodies generated by Boolean operation, and acquiring any point A on the lower surface of a certain geologic body, measuring the minimum distance between the point A and other hydrogeological interfaces except a stable diving level and a pressure-bearing water level, namely distance _ min, and a point B corresponding to the minimum distance;
2) if only one hydrogeological interface meets the conditions that the minimum distance _ min is not more than thickness _ DC and the elevation Hb of the point B is less than the elevation Ha of the point A, the hydrogeological attribute of the hydrogeological interface is given to the geological body;
if 2 or more than 2 hydrogeological interfaces meet the conditions that the minimum distance _ min is not more than thickness viscosity _ DC and the elevation Hb of the point B is less than the elevation Ha of the point A, moving the point A forward or backward by 10-50 m along the line direction, and repeating the process of 1), so as to obtain the hydrogeological interfaces meeting the conditions;
3) circulating all the geobodies, and repeating the processes 1) and 2), so that all the geobodies can be identified;
108, IFC attribute deployment: the hydrologic geologic body geometric model is provided with a unique identification code, the identification code is taken as a link, the hydrologic geologic BIM model is integrated into a standard IfcGeologypart-IfcRockSoiIMass structure, a corresponding IFD code is configured, and hydrologic attribute information is deployed into a corresponding standard IFC attribute;
in step 105, a deduction method based on a reference surface is adopted, and the method for obtaining the deduction point line specifically includes:
1) selecting a reference point: selecting any stratum node on the hydrogeological interface line as a datum point K;
2) preparing a reference surface: the reference surface can be a drawn or any curved surface or plane, and the vertical projection range of the reference surface on the XY plane is larger than that of the sensitive region on the XY plane;
3) specifying the deduction direction: projecting the reference point to an XY plane, and making a line segment intersected with the position of the plane line through a projection point N, wherein the intersection point is M, and the direction of the line segment points to N, namely MN from M;
4) and (3) deduction points: generating a deduction point at a certain distance between the datum point K and the distance _ TY along the MN direction, wherein the distance between the deduction point and the datum point along the z direction of the reference surface is consistent;
5) circulating steps 1) -4) to obtain all deduction points;
the distance _ TY and the number of groups NTeam _ TY of derived points can be adjusted as desired.
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