CN111812746A - Borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface wave - Google Patents

Borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface wave Download PDF

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CN111812746A
CN111812746A CN202010718364.9A CN202010718364A CN111812746A CN 111812746 A CN111812746 A CN 111812746A CN 202010718364 A CN202010718364 A CN 202010718364A CN 111812746 A CN111812746 A CN 111812746A
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strain
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borehole
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CN111812746B (en
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田家勇
张康华
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Institute of Crustal Dynamics of China Earthquake Administration
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V13/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V1/00 – G01V11/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
    • G01B21/042—Calibration or calibration artifacts
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Abstract

The invention discloses a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves, which comprises the following steps: step 1, mounting component type borehole strain gauges and three-component seismographs at intervals in the same borehole in a PBO observation table network; step 2, obtaining surface wave records of the three-component seismograph
Figure DDA0002599051480000011
Recording of P-and S-waves from surface waves
Figure DDA0002599051480000012
Calculating the incident seismic surface wave at the boreholeR(ii) a Step 3, according to the incident earthquake strain surface waveRAnd component borehole strain gauge instrument strainIBy incident seismic surface waves of strainRCalculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculationValue of
Figure DDA0002599051480000013
Step 4, calculating the instrument strain actual observation value of the component type borehole strain gauge by using a least square method
Figure DDA0002599051480000014
Calculated from the strain gauge of the instrument
Figure DDA0002599051480000015
The difference of (a) yields a coupling coefficient matrix K. The method utilizes the surface wave record of the three-component seismograph to realize the high-precision in-situ calibration of the component type borehole strain gauge. The bottleneck problem that restricts the development of the drilling strain observation theory and technology is solved.

Description

Borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface wave
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crustal strain measurement, in particular to a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves.
Background
Currently, the strain resolution is better than 10-9The high-resolution borehole strain gauge observes weak structural strain signals in dynamics processes of volcanoes, earthquakes and the like, and for example, a Sacks-Efertson type and TJ type isometric strain gauge, an RZB type, YRY type, GTSM type and SKZ type isometric strain gauge are adopted. Such high-resolution borehole strain gauges have been currently deployed in a series of geoscience Observatory networks such as Plate Boundary Observer (PBO) networks, china seismic Observatory networks, and the like. The observation result plays an important role in scientific researches such as volcanic dynamics, earthquake inoculation process (instantaneous slippage, fault creep, earthquake nucleation, slow earthquake, silent earthquake and the like), earthquake focus evaluation, earthquake prediction and the like. At present, to reduce the ground surface interference to the crustal strain fieldRThe measuring probe of the borehole strain gauge is installed at a certain depth inside the borehole (the borehole diameter d is about 100 mm) and coupled with the borehole bedrock by means of the expansive cement. When in useRWhen the change occurs, the deformation of the drilling hole, the expansion cement and the probe steel cylinder changes, the relative change of the inner diameter (or volume) of the probe steel cylinder can be directly measured by the measuring unit of the probe, and then the instrument strain can be obtained by considering the orientation matrix of the measuring unitI. Suppose the crustal strain fieldRThe range of more than five times of the diameter of the drill hole near the drill hole is a uniform strain field, and the strain field is given based on a two-ring-clamped hybrid circular hole stress concentration model under the action of far-field uniform strainRAndIlinear static coupling switchCan be expressed as:R＝K-1 Iand K is a coupling coefficient matrix and is related to the physical and geometrical properties of the drill hole, the expansion cement and the probe steel cylinder. Although the coupling coefficient matrix K can be obtained by calculation in principle, the calculation result of the coupling coefficient matrix K has great uncertainty due to the fact that the coupling states among the expansive cement, the drill hole and the steel cylinder wall and the physical properties of the related media cannot be known after the measuring probe is installed, and the calculation result must be given through in-situ calibration.
In-situ calibration of borehole strain observation is a crucial basic problem related to borehole strain observation theory and technology development. In-situ calibration for borehole strain observation broadly comprises two aspects, namely borehole strain gauge electrical in-situ calibration (determination of a calibration coefficient between electrical output of the borehole strain gauge and change of the inner diameter (or volume) of a probe steel cylinder measured by a probe measuring unit); and secondly, calibrating the coupling coefficient matrix K in situ. Wherein the in-situ calibration of the coupling coefficient matrix K comprises: determiningRAndIcoupled model and selected reference uniform strainR(ii) a Wherein, determiningRAndIthe coupling model of (2) has a mode based on an isotropic medium round hole stress concentration theoretical model at present, and isotropic static coupling relations given by Gladwin, Hart, Zhang et al, Qiu Tuuhua and the like are as follows:R＝(KH)-1 Iwherein, in the step (A),
KHthe diagonal matrix is denoted as diag (C, D), and C and D are the coupling coefficients for horizontal plane strain and horizontal shear strain, respectively. Assuming a local strain field in the meter-scale range near the boreholeLAndIsatisfy isotropic coupling KHHart et al introduce an interference matrix P (off-diagonal matrix) to introduce a local strain field caused by the heterogeneity of the mediumLIn the range of hundred metersRIn connection, the cross-coupling relationship is proposed as follows:R＝P-1(KH)-1 Ithis means that the instrument face strain and shear strain are subjected toRAll components affect, where the off-diagonal elements of P can reach 0.28.
While the current selected reference uniform strainRThe method comprises the following steps: in the current borehole strain observation in-situ calibration, a solid tide strain signal and a seismic strain wave signal are mainly used as reference for uniform strainR(ii) a Wherein, the in-situ calibration based on the solid tide strain signal is mainly carried out through the solid tide M2Wave (12.42h) and O1The instrument strain of the wave (25.82h) is compared with the theoretical solid tide calculated strain to obtain a coupling coefficient matrix K. According to the comparative study of the solid tide measuring results of the long-baseline laser strain gauges installed on the same platform, the theoretical solid tide calculation is carried out under the influence of the earth deep structure model, the ocean load model, the terrain around the drill hole and the inhomogeneity of the mediumRAn error of 30% can be achieved, resulting in significant systematic deviations in the calibration results. And in-situ calibration based on seismic strain waves mainly adopts calculation strain waveforms of long-range seismic long-period surface waves or seismic strain waves measured from a seismic array as reference signals. Bonaccorso et al performed in-situ calibration on the body strain observation of the ettner mountain by using a calculated strain waveform of a long-period surface wave of a far shock (more than 8-order magnitude), but because the calculated strain waveform is influenced by a calculation model, the problem similar to the in-situ calibration based on theoretical solid tide also exists. Spudich et al, Bodin et al, Gomberg and Agnew, Langston and Liang, Grant and Langston, Currenti and the like discuss the feasibility of seismic strain wave measurement by adopting a seismic wave gradient method based on seismic array records arranged around a borehole, and develop borehole strain observation in-situ calibration research by taking the feasibility as a reference signal. The method requires that the seismic array contains at least three seismographs and assumes that the seismic strain wavefield within the array range (on the scale of one hundred meters to ten kilometers) is a uniform wavefield. However, this method has at least the following problems: 1) due to the heterogeneity of the underground structure in the array range, the assumption of a uniform strain field is difficult to guarantee, so that the calibration result is greatly influenced by the propagation direction of the seismic wave; 2) and a static coupling model is directly adopted, and the influence of the seismic wave frequency on the coupling coefficient is not considered.
In the longitudinal direction, the following main problems mainly exist in the in-situ calibration of the coupling coefficient matrix K of the borehole strain observation at present:
based on an in-situ calibration mode for calculating a reference uniform strain signal (theoretical solid strain tide or calculated strain waveform), systematic deviation exists under the influence of uncertainty of a theoretical calculation model. In the in-situ calibration method based on the measurement reference uniform strain signal (the seismic strain wave measured by the seismic array or the solid strain tide measured by the long baseline strain gauge), because the reference uniform strain signal is given based on measurement, although the calibration result is more reliable compared with the in-situ calibration based on the calculation reference uniform strain signal, due to the influence of the medium heterogeneity in the measurement scale range, the measurement reference strain field is usually inhomogeneous, and the problem that the accuracy of the in-situ calibration result based on the measurement reference uniform strain signal is not high exists. Therefore, the current problem that the in-situ calibration of the borehole strain observation cannot be performed with high precision becomes a bottleneck problem restricting the development of the borehole observation theory and technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves, which can solve the problems of systematic deviation or low precision in the existing borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, installing component type borehole strain gauges and three-component seismographs in the same borehole of a PBO observation platform network at intervals of 10 meters;
step 2, obtaining the surface wave record of the three-component seismograph
Figure BDA0002599051460000031
P-wave and S-wave recordings from surface waves of said three-component seismometer
Figure BDA0002599051460000032
The incident earthquake strain surface wave at the drill hole is obtained by recording and calculating P wave and S waveR；
Step 3, according to the incident earthquake strain surface waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIUsing said incident seismic surface-strained waveRCalculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure BDA0002599051460000033
Step 4, calculating the instrument strain actual observation value of the component type borehole strain gauge by using a least square method
Figure BDA0002599051460000034
Calculated from the strain gauge of the instrument
Figure BDA0002599051460000035
The difference of (a) yields a coupling coefficient matrix K.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on the seismic surface wave has the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps that component borehole strain gauges and three-component seismographs are installed in the same borehole at intervals in a PBO observation table network, strain waves and velocity waves of the same mass point at the borehole are measured through the component borehole strain gauges and the three-component seismographs respectively, accurate reference uniform strain is obtained through surface wave recording measurement of the three-component seismographs, and high-precision in-situ calibration of the component borehole strain gauges is achieved. The method solves the bottleneck problem of restricting the development of the drilling strain observation theory and technology, and can also promote the research progress of the earthquake inoculation generation process, earthquake prediction, earth dynamics, volcano observation and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a seismic surface wave based borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a specific flowchart of a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on a seismic surface wave according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves, wherein in-situ calibration of borehole strain observation of the method refers to in-situ calibration of a coupling coefficient matrix K, and comprises the steps of determiningRAndIcoupled model and selected reference uniform strainRThe method comprises the following steps:
step 1, installing component type borehole strain gauges and three-component seismographs in the same borehole of a PBO observation platform network at intervals of 10 meters;
step 2, obtaining the surface wave record of the three-component seismograph
Figure BDA0002599051460000041
P-wave and S-wave recordings from surface waves of said three-component seismometer
Figure BDA0002599051460000042
The incident earthquake strain surface wave at the drill hole is obtained by recording and calculating P wave and S waveR(ii) a Specifically, the surface wave record is obtained through the sensing measurement data of the three-component seismograph
Figure BDA0002599051460000043
Simultaneously, P wave and S wave records can be obtained;
step 3, according to the incident earthquake strain surface waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIUsing said incident seismic surface-strained waveRCalculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure BDA0002599051460000044
Specifically, the instrument strain is obtained through the sensing measurement data of the component type borehole strain gaugeI；
Step 4, calculating the instrument strain actual observation value of the component type borehole strain gauge by using a least square method
Figure BDA0002599051460000045
Calculated from the strain gauge of the instrument
Figure BDA0002599051460000046
The difference of (a) yields a coupling coefficient matrix K.
In step 2 of the method, recording according to the surface waves of the three-component seismograph
Figure BDA0002599051460000047
Calculating to obtain the incident earthquake strain surface wave at the drill holeRComprises the following steps:
calculating the propagation velocity v of the longitudinal wave of the particle at the drill hole through polarization analysis according to the records of the P wave and the S wave of the three-component seismographPAnd transverse wave propagation velocity vSAccording to the velocity v of the longitudinal wave of the particlePAnd said transverse wave propagation velocity vSCalculating the particle surface wave propagation velocity v at the drill holeg；
According to
Figure BDA0002599051460000051
Calculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveR。
In step 3 of the method, according to the incident seismic strain surface waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIUsing said incident seismic surface-waveRCalculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure BDA0002599051460000052
Comprises the following steps:
according to the incident seismic strain surface waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIIn a coupling relationship ofI＝KRCalculating the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure BDA0002599051460000053
I.e. the strain of the instrument calculated according to the above formulaIThe calculated value of the instrument strain is
Figure BDA0002599051460000054
In step 3 of the method, the strain calculated value of the instrument is calculated by using a least square method
Figure BDA0002599051460000055
And the instrument strain actual observed value of the component type borehole strain gauge
Figure BDA0002599051460000056
The difference of (a) gives a coupling coefficient matrix K of: push button
Figure BDA0002599051460000057
And (6) performing calculation.
The in-situ calibration method fully utilizes the GTSM type component borehole strain gauge installed in the PBO observation table network, and three-component seismometers are installed in the interval of ten meters above the installation position of the component borehole strain gauge. The method solves the bottleneck problem of restricting the development of the drilling strain observation theory and technology, and can also promote the research progress of the earthquake inoculation generation process, earthquake prediction, earth dynamics, volcano observation and the like.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The embodiment provides a borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves, which is a borehole strain observation high-precision in-situ calibration method based on same-hole seismic instrument recording, and comprises the following steps:
installing a GTSM type component borehole strain gauge and a three-component seismometer in a PBO observation table network in the same borehole, wherein the depth distance between the GTSM type component borehole strain gauge and the three-component seismometer is within a range of more than ten meters, and the strain wave and the velocity wave of the same mass point (namely the mass point corresponding to the installed borehole) can be respectively measured by the GTSM type component borehole strain gauge and the three-component seismometer relative to the seismic wave wavelength;
the in-situ calibration of borehole strain observation is carried out based on surface wave records of a three-component seismograph, the specific process is shown in figure 2, and the propagation velocity v of particle longitudinal waves is calculated according to P-wave and S-wave records of the three-component seismographPAnd transverse wave propagation velocity vS；
Then according to the propagation velocity v of the longitudinal wave of the mass pointPAnd transverse wave propagation velocity vSCalculating to obtain the particle surface wave propagation velocity vg；
According to the particle surface wave propagation velocity vgCalculating out seismic strain wave of particle point from surface wave record of three-component seismometer, i.e. incident seismic strain surface waveR；
According to incident seismic strain surface wavesRStrain of borehole strain gaugeIFrom incident seismic surface waves of strainRCalculating to obtain an instrument strain calculation value corresponding to the surface wave;
and then calculating the difference between the actual instrument strain observation value of the component type borehole strain gauge and the instrument strain calculation value corresponding to the surface wave by adopting a least square method to obtain a coupling coefficient matrix.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A borehole strain gauge in-situ calibration method based on seismic surface waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, installing component type borehole strain gauges and three-component seismographs in the same borehole of a PBO observation platform network at intervals of 10 meters;
step 2, obtaining the surface wave record of the three-component seismograph
Figure FDA0002599051450000011
P-wave and S-wave recordings from surface waves of said three-component seismometer
Figure FDA0002599051450000012
The incident earthquake strain surface wave at the drill hole is obtained by recording and calculating P wave and S waveR；
Step 3, according to the incident earthquake strain surface waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIUsing said incident seismic surface-strained waveRCalculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure FDA0002599051450000013
Step 4, calculating the instrument strain actual observation value of the component type borehole strain gauge by using a least square method
Figure FDA0002599051450000017
Calculated from the strain gauge of the instrument
Figure FDA0002599051450000014
The difference of (a) yields a coupling coefficient matrix K.
2. The method for in situ calibration of a seismic surface wave based borehole strain gauge of claim 1, wherein in step 2 of the method, a surface wave record is recorded from the three-component seismometer
Figure FDA0002599051450000019
The incident earthquake strain surface wave at the drill hole is obtained by recording and calculating P wave and S waveRComprises the following steps:
calculating the propagation velocity v of the longitudinal wave of the particle at the drill hole through polarization analysis according to the records of the P wave and the S wave of the three-component seismographPAnd transverse wave propagation velocity vSAccording to the velocity v of the longitudinal wave of the particlePAnd said transverse wave propagation velocity vSCalculating the particle surface wave propagation velocity v at the drill holeg；
According to
Figure FDA0002599051450000015
Calculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveR。
3. The method for in-situ calibration of a seismic surface wave based borehole strain gauge as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 3 of the method, the method is based on the incident seismic surface strain waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIUsing said incident seismic surface-strained waveRCalculating to obtain the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure FDA0002599051450000016
Comprises the following steps:
according to the incident seismic strain surface waveRInstrumental strain with the component borehole strain gaugeIIn a coupling relationship ofI＝KRCalculating the incident seismic strain surface waveRCorresponding instrument strain calculation
Figure FDA0002599051450000018
4. The method for in-situ calibration of a seismic surface wave based borehole strain gauge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the component borehole strain gauge is a GTSM type component borehole strain gauge.
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CN116411933A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-07-11 中国地质科学院 Analysis method and system for four-component drilling strain observation data

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116202570A (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-06-02 中国地震局地震预测研究所 Multi-frequency surface wave calibration method and device
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CN116411933A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-07-11 中国地质科学院 Analysis method and system for four-component drilling strain observation data
CN116411933B (en) * 2023-04-03 2024-06-07 中国地质科学院 Analysis method and system for four-component drilling strain observation data

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