CN111806701A - Method for realizing magnetic-sensitive porous-lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface - Google Patents
Method for realizing magnetic-sensitive porous-lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111806701A CN111806701A CN202010677859.1A CN202010677859A CN111806701A CN 111806701 A CN111806701 A CN 111806701A CN 202010677859 A CN202010677859 A CN 202010677859A CN 111806701 A CN111806701 A CN 111806701A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
Abstract
A method for realizing a magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface comprises the steps of uniformly mixing, drying and curing a polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and a curing agent thereof, toluene, saccharides, magnetic nano particles and dimethyl silicone oil to obtain a precursor of a magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material; carrying out solvent exchange and drying on the precursor and an aqueous solution of ethanol for multiple times to obtain the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material; and adhering the composite material on the target surface, and after the adhesive is completely cured, dropwise adding magnetic fluid on the surface of the composite material until adsorption saturation to obtain the magnetosensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface. The invention utilizes a sugar template method to uniformly disperse magnetic nano particles in polydimethylsiloxane with good elasticity, hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and chemical stability, and simultaneously obtains a highly porous structure, thereby preparing the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing material with extremely low ice adhesion strength, long anti-icing service life and quick repairable magnetic response characteristic, and coating the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing material on the surface of an airplane to achieve the effect of assisting the airplane in anti-icing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of surface treatment, in particular to a method for realizing a magnetic-sensitive porous-lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface.
Background
Icing is one of the main weather factors affecting the flight of an aircraft, leading to flight accidents. In order to reduce or even prevent the impact of icing on the flight safety of an aircraft, most aircraft must take corresponding protective measures. The anti-icing surface technology in the existing aircraft anti-icing method has the advantages of low energy consumption, low manufacturing cost, easiness in implementation, wide application range and the like, wherein the most promising is a super-hydrophobic anti-icing surface and a porous anti-icing surface injected with a lubricant.
Superhydrophobic surfaces, obtained by the combination of micro-nano-scale texturing and hydrophobic surface chemistry, while exhibiting good anti-icing capabilities under certain environmentally controlled conditions, are generally suitable only for smaller and more costly components due to the highly complex design, difficulty of manufacture and high process cost. In addition, the micro-nano structure of the super-hydrophobic surface is easy to damage and is easy to lose efficacy in the environment with low temperature and high humidity. Therefore, the anti-icing requirements for large aircraft components are more suitable for the application of porous surfaces impregnated with lubricant.
The anti-icing principle of the anti-icing surface injected with the lubricant is that a smooth liquid covering layer is formed through the permeation of the physically and chemically limited and immiscible lubricant to the textured solid substrate, so that the anti-icing purpose is achieved. The advantages of using magnetic fluid as lubricant are: compared with other lubricants, the water has lower nucleation temperature on the surface of the magnetic fluid, longer icing delay time and lower adhesion strength of ice on the surface of the magnetic fluid; after the magnetic fluid is impacted by the water drops, the appearance of the magnetic fluid before impact can be recovered in a very short time. However, the anti-icing surface based on the magnetic fluid is too dependent on the external magnetic field, that is, when the external magnetic field is lost, the magnetic fluid is easy to lose and the anti-icing capacity of the surface is lost, especially, certain conditions, such as water flow impact, can cause irreversible damage to the surface of the magnetic fluid.
Compared with other base materials, the polymer-based porous base material has the advantages of high strength, high toughness and high elasticity, and is low in manufacturing cost, low in processing temperature, mature in process, good in stability, relatively simple in high performance (physical modification), and capable of being realized through simple blending.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for realizing a magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface, aiming at the defects of the prior art, a sugar template method is utilized to uniformly disperse magnetic nano particles in polydimethylsiloxane with good elasticity, hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and chemical stability, and simultaneously obtain a highly porous structure, so that a magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing material with extremely low ice adhesion strength, long anti-icing service life and quick repairability and magnetic response characteristic is prepared and coated on the aircraft surface to achieve the effect of assisting aircraft anti-icing.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for realizing an aircraft anti-icing surface with magnetic-sensing porous lubrication, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing, drying and curing a polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and a curing agent thereof, toluene, saccharides, magnetic nano particles and dimethyl silicone oil to obtain a precursor of a magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material; carrying out solvent exchange and drying on the precursor and an aqueous solution of ethanol for multiple times to obtain the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material; and adhering the composite material on the target surface, and after the adhesive is completely cured, dropwise adding magnetic fluid on the surface of the composite material until adsorption saturation to obtain the magnetosensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface.
The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer to the curing agent is (8-11) to 1.
The saccharide is preferably a mixture of glucose and sucrose, wherein the mass ratio of the glucose to the sucrose is 1 (1-3).
The mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and the curing agent thereof, toluene, saccharides, magnetic nanoparticles and dimethyl silicone oil is (10-12): 20-22): 52-54): 14-16): 1.
The magnetic nano particles are preferably ferroferric oxide particles with the particle size of 800nm, which are treated by a surfactant, and the surfactant is preferably sodium oleate or polyethylene glycol with the average molecular weight of 2000.
The drying and curing conditions are preferably at 80 ℃ for 12 hours.
The volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the water in the ethyl alcohol solution is preferably 1 (1-3).
The adhesion preferably adopts polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent thereof as an adhesive, wherein the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane to the curing agent is (8-11) to 1.
The complete curing is preferably carried out by standing at 80 ℃ for 2 hours.
The magnetic fluid consists of base fluid and magnetic nano particles treated by a surfactant, wherein the base fluid preferably consists of 80 wt% of paraffin oil and 20 wt% of grade-III clean environment-friendly aviation kerosene, the surfactant preferably is sodium oleate or polyethylene glycol with the average molecular weight of 2000, and the magnetic nano particles preferably are ferroferric oxide particles with the particle size of 800 nm.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the problem of icing on the surface of the existing airplane; the magnetic fluid is used as the lubricant, so that the adhesion strength of ice on the surface can be greatly reduced; the porous polymer matrix is used, so that the advantages of high strength, high elasticity and high toughness of the polymer can be fully utilized, the processing temperature can be reduced, and the processing technology can be simplified, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost and the manufacturing difficulty; the anti-icing surface formed by combining the magnetic fluid and the porous polymer matrix is easy to scale, and is suitable for batch production and application in large parts of airplanes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of a magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetization curve of the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the contact angle between the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material and the magnetic fluid according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the change of mass during the adsorption-release cycle of the magnetosensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention to the magnetofluid;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the response characteristics of the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material of the present invention to a magnetic field;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the variation of ice adhesion strength during an icing-deicing cycle for a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface of the present invention in the absence of an applied magnetic field;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the change in ice adhesion strength during an icing-deicing cycle in the presence of an applied magnetic field for a magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a comparison of the adsorption capacity of the magnetosensitive porous anti-icing composite material with different pore distributions to the magnetofluid.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
4g of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, 0.4g of curing agent and 10mL of toluene are weighed into a beaker and stirred uniformly at room temperature. 21.0g of the saccharide mixture (saccharide composition, m) was added to the beakerGlucose:mSucroseAfter 1:2), stir at room temperature. 6g of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (particle size 800nm) were then added and mixed thoroughly. 0.4g of simethicone is added and the mixture is stirred for 10 min. After thorough mixing, the resulting mixture was transferred to a petri dish and dried to solidify at 80 ℃ for 12 h. The fully cured sample was completely immersed in an aqueous ethanol solution (volume ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water 1:2) and replaced every hour. After six times of solvent exchange, absorbing excessive water by using filter paper, and naturally drying at room temperature to obtain the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material.
The polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and curative used in this example were made by Dow Corning Inc. under the type SYLGARD 184. The main components of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer are polydimethylsiloxane-methyl vinyl siloxane prepolymer and a trace amount of platinum catalyst, and the main components of the curing agent are prepolymer with vinyl side chains and crosslinking agent polydimethylsiloxane. By mixing the two, the vinyl group can undergo a hydrosilylation reaction with a silicon hydrogen bond, thereby forming a three-dimensional network structure. By controlling the ratio of the prepolymer to the curing agent, the mechanical properties of the polydimethylsiloxane can be controlled.
And secondly, adhering the prepared magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material on an aluminum plate with the same area and the thickness of 2mm by using polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and a curing agent (the mass ratio is 10:1) as an adhesive, wherein the surface on which the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material is adhered faces upwards, and is placed at 80 ℃ for drying and curing for a sufficient time. After the sample is completely solidified, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (the particle size is 800nm) subjected to sodium oleate surface treatment are dispersed in a base solution (composed of 80 wt% of paraffin oil and 20 wt% of III-grade clean environment-friendly aviation kerosene) to obtain the magnetic fluid. And adding the magnetic fluid to the surface adhered with the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material, and obtaining the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricating anti-icing surface when the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is adsorbed and saturated.
Example 2
4g of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, 0.4g of curing agent and 10mL of toluene are weighed into a beaker and stirred uniformly at room temperature. 21.0g of the saccharide mixture (saccharide composition, m) was added to the beakerGlucose:mSucroseAfter 1:1), stir at room temperature. 6g of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (particle size 800nm) were then added and mixed thoroughly. 0.4g of simethicone is added and the mixture is stirred for 10 min. After thorough mixing, the resulting mixture was transferred to a petri dish and dried to solidify at 80 ℃ for 12 h. The fully cured sample was completely immersed in an aqueous ethanol solution (volume ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water 1:2) and replaced every hour. After six times of solvent exchange, absorbing excessive water by using filter paper, and naturally drying at room temperature to obtain the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material.
And secondly, adhering the prepared magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material on an aluminum plate with the same area and the thickness of 2mm by using polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and a curing agent (the mass ratio is 10:1) as an adhesive, wherein the surface on which the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material is adhered faces upwards, and is placed at 80 ℃ for drying and curing for a sufficient time. After the sample is completely solidified, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (the particle size is 800nm) subjected to sodium oleate surface treatment are dispersed in a base solution (composed of 80 wt% of paraffin oil and 20 wt% of III-grade clean environment-friendly aviation kerosene) to obtain the magnetic fluid. And adding the magnetic fluid to the surface adhered with the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material, and obtaining the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricating anti-icing surface when the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is adsorbed and saturated.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
4g of polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer, 0.4g of curing agent and 10mL of toluene are weighed into a beaker and stirred uniformly at room temperature. 21.0g of the saccharide mixture (saccharide composition, m) was added to the beakerGlucose:mSucrose1:3), and stirring at room temperature. 6g of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (particle size 800nm) were then added and mixed thoroughly. 0.4g of simethicone is added and the mixture is stirred for 10 min. After thorough mixing, the resulting mixture was transferred to a petri dish and dried to solidify at 80 ℃ for 12 h. The fully cured sample was completely immersed in an aqueous ethanol solution (volume ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water 1:2) and replaced every hour. After six times of solvent exchange, absorbing excessive water by using filter paper, and naturally drying at room temperature to obtain the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material.
And secondly, adhering the prepared magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material on an aluminum plate with the same area and the thickness of 2mm by using polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and a curing agent (the mass ratio is 10:1) as an adhesive, wherein the surface on which the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material is adhered faces upwards, and is placed at 80 ℃ for drying and curing for a sufficient time. After the sample is completely solidified, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (the particle size is 800nm) subjected to sodium oleate surface treatment are dispersed in a base solution (composed of 80 wt% of paraffin oil and 20 wt% of III-grade clean environment-friendly aviation kerosene) to obtain the magnetic fluid. And adding the magnetic fluid to the surface adhered with the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material, and obtaining the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricating anti-icing surface when the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is adsorbed and saturated.
The Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum of the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material described in example 3 is shown in FIG. 1: 1093cm-1And 1022cm-1The absorption peak at (b) corresponds to the stretching vibration of Si-O, 865cm-1And 801cm-1Shows Si-CH3The two groups are key groups for endowing the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material with oleophilic and hydrophobic properties.
A scanning electron microscope image of the magnetically sensitive porous anti-icing composite material described in example 3 is shown in figure 2: the sample has a multi-layer pore channel structure, so that the sample can be expected to stably adsorb the magnetic fluid.
The magnetization curves of the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material in example 3 measured by using a comprehensive physical property measurement system under 300K and 261K are shown in FIG. 3, and the magnetic properties of the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material are consistent with those of magnetic fluid; the saturation magnetization is higher than that of the magnetofluid material by more than 3 times under 300K; under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material can generate an excitation magnetic field, so that the adsorbed magnetic fluid is adsorbed by the action of a magnetic field with higher strength; it is expected that the adsorption of the magnetic fluid by the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material will be more stable than that of a non-magnetic material.
The contact angle between the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material and the magnetic fluid in example 3 is 55.01 degrees (as shown in fig. 4) measured under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, which indicates that the magnetic fluid has good wettability to the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material, and the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material keeps the oleophilic and hydrophobic properties of polydimethylsiloxane.
Under normal temperature and normal pressure, the durability of the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material can be evaluated by weighing and recording the mass change of the magnetic-sensing porous anti-icing composite material in the adsorption-release cycle process of the magnetic fluid, and the obtained experimental data is as follows: as shown in fig. 5, in the process of 10 cycles, the adsorption capacity of the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material to the magnetic fluid is not reduced, and good durability is shown.
Under the action of an external magnetic field, the magnetic-sensitive porous lubrication anti-icing surface in the embodiment 3 can quickly respond, and a thicker magnetic floating layer is formed on the surface; after the magnetic field is removed, the magnetic suspension layer is converted from a semi-solid state to a liquid state and is completely absorbed by the magnetic-sensitive porous lubrication anti-icing surface in a very short time (as shown in figure 6).
In the absence of an applied magnetic field, the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface described in example 3 exhibited extremely low ice adhesion strength during the icing-deicing cycle and began to stabilize its anti-icing performance in the absence of an applied magnetic field from cycle 12.
At-24 ℃, ice blocks frozen on the surface are pushed away in the direction parallel to the magnetically sensitive porous lubricated surface by using a hill number display dynamometer (SH-500N), and in order to ensure the stability of the method, a plurality of icing-deicing cycles are repeated, and the results show that: as shown in FIG. 7, the average ice adhesion strength of the magnetosensitive porous lubricated surface described in example 3 was 0.79kPa with a minimum ice adhesion strength of 0.078kPa during 20 icing-deicing cycles in the absence of an applied magnetic field; as shown in fig. 8, under the condition of the magnetic field intensity of 110mT, the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricating surface described in example 3 can keep extremely low ice adhesion strength during the first 180 times of icing-deicing cycles, and shows excellent long-acting anti-icing performance; after the magnetic fluid is supplemented, the ice adhesion strength can still be kept extremely low in the following 180 times of icing-deicing cycles, and the characteristic of quick repair is shown.
Under normal temperature and pressure, the magnetic fluid adsorption capacity of the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material with different pore distributions prepared by adjusting the saccharide composition in examples 3-3 is shown in fig. 9, and the mass ratio of glucose to sucrose in example 3 is 1:3 the magnetic sensitive porous anti-icing composite material prepared by the method has the highest absorption rate to the magnetic fluid.
Compared with the prior art, the method can keep extremely low ice adhesion strength on the magnetic sensitive porous lubrication surface in the multiple icing-deicing circulation process under the action of an external magnetic field; after the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricating surface is subjected to multiple icing-deicing cycles, the magnetic fluid is supplemented, the extremely low ice adhesion strength can be still maintained, and the characteristic of rapid repair is shown.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for realizing a magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface is characterized in that a precursor of a magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material is obtained by uniformly mixing, drying and curing a polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and a curing agent thereof, toluene, saccharides, magnetic nanoparticles and dimethyl silicone oil; carrying out solvent exchange and drying on the precursor and an aqueous solution of ethanol for multiple times to obtain the magnetic-sensitive porous anti-icing composite material; adhering the composite material on a target surface, and after the adhesive is completely cured, dropwise adding magnetic fluid on the surface of the composite material until adsorption saturation to obtain a magnetosensitive porous lubricated anti-icing surface;
the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer and the curing agent thereof to the toluene, the saccharides, the magnetic nanoparticles and the dimethyl silicone oil is (10-12): 20-22): 52-54): 14-16): 1;
the magnetic fluid consists of base fluid and magnetic nano-particles treated by a surfactant.
2. The method for realizing the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer to the curing agent is (8-11): 1.
3. The method for realizing the magnetic-sensitive porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sugar is a mixture of glucose and sucrose, and the mass ratio of the glucose to the sucrose is 1 (1-3).
4. The method for realizing the magnetic-sensing porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are ferroferric oxide particles with the particle size of 800nm treated by a surfactant, and the surfactant is sodium oleate or polyethylene glycol with the average molecular weight of 2000.
5. The method for realizing the magnetic-sensing porous lubricated aircraft anti-icing surface according to claim 1, wherein the adhesion adopts polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent thereof as an adhesive, and the mass ratio of the polydimethylsiloxane to the curing agent is (8-11) to 1.
6. The method for realizing the anti-icing surface of the magnetic-sensing porous lubricated airplane as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fluid consists of 80 weight percent of paraffin oil and 20 weight percent of class III clean environment-friendly aviation kerosene, the surfactant is sodium oleate or polyethylene glycol with the average molecular weight of 2000, and the magnetic nanoparticles are ferroferric oxide particles with the particle size of 800 nm.
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