CN111804932B - Method for turning tensile samples with different feed profiles by using macro program - Google Patents
Method for turning tensile samples with different feed profiles by using macro program Download PDFInfo
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- CN111804932B CN111804932B CN202010449033.XA CN202010449033A CN111804932B CN 111804932 B CN111804932 B CN 111804932B CN 202010449033 A CN202010449033 A CN 202010449033A CN 111804932 B CN111804932 B CN 111804932B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for turning tensile samples with different feed profiles by using a macro program, which comprises the following steps: analyzing the variable quantities of the samples with different shapes, and completing the design and assignment of macro program variables, wherein the assigned macro variables comprise complete processing parameters of all the samples; compiling a turning macro program according to the assignment macro variables; and turning the tensile sample according to the macro program, and skipping a program segment corresponding to the assignment macro variable lacking in the sample through a skip selection function when the specific sample is machined. The method for turning the tensile samples with different feed profiles by using the macro program enables the macro program to process the tensile samples with different shapes and different sizes, reduces a large amount of time occupied by re-developing the program when the shape of the sample is changed, and simultaneously avoids the possibility that the response speed of a machine tool and the program debugging are influenced by the system memory occupied by multiple programs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical production, in particular to a method for turning tensile samples with different feed profiles by utilizing a macro program.
Background
The metal material is the main body of the engineering material, the mechanical property of the metal material is very important in engineering application, the sample is used as a carrier of various properties of the metal material, and various mechanical property test data are obtained through a tensile test, so that the processing of the sample is the primary factor for ensuring the correctness of the test result. And (3) testing the mechanical properties of most medium and heavy plates and profiles, and machining the medium and heavy plates and profiles into tensile samples with circular cross sections according to the standard of a testing method. The common use mainly comprises 3 sample shapes, and 1 high-temperature sample is adopted in comparison with the standards of China, america, japan and European Union; there were 2 samples at room temperature, 1 sample satisfying the standards of China, japan and European Union, and 1 sample satisfying the standard of the United states. Fig. 1 shows a circular cross-section room temperature tensile sample (first-order transition arc room temperature sample) conforming to the standards of china, japan, and the european union, fig. 2 shows a circular cross-section room temperature tensile sample (second-order transition arc room temperature sample) conforming to the standards of the united states, and fig. 3 shows a circular cross-section high temperature tensile sample (first-order transition arc threaded high temperature sample) of a screw head conforming to the standards of china, usa, japan, and the european union.
When the tensile sample is machined by a numerical control lathe, one program can only describe a sample with the shape and the size specification by adopting a common numerical control program (constant programming), even if a macro program (variable programming) is adopted, the machining of series workpieces with the same shape and different specifications can only be solved, when the shape of the sample is changed, the reprogramming can only be realized, a large amount of time is occupied by developing the program, and the progress applied to actual machining is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for turning tensile samples with different feed profiles by using a macro program. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method of turning different feed profile tensile specimens using a macro procedure, the method comprising:
analyzing the variable quantities of the samples with different shapes, and completing the design and assignment of macro program variables, wherein the assigned macro variables comprise complete processing parameters of all the samples;
according to the assignment macro variable, a turning macro program is compiled,
and (4) turning the tensile sample according to the macro program, and skipping a program segment corresponding to the assigned macro variable lacking in the sample through a skip function when the specific sample is machined.
In one possible design, the tensile specimen includes: a first-order transition arc room temperature sample, a second-order transition arc room temperature sample and a first-order transition arc threaded high temperature sample; analyzing the variable quantities of three tensile samples, and determining 12 assignment macro variables, wherein the assignment macro variables are respectively as follows: the diameter of the blank, the diameter of the clamping end, the diameter of a first-order parallel section, the diameter of a second-order parallel section, the total length of the sample, the length of a first-order parallel section, the length of a second-order parallel section, the length of a first-order arc, the length of a second-order arc, the pitch of a thread, the minor diameter of the thread and the finish machining allowance of the thread.
In one possible design, the turning process includes:
s1, sawing to obtain a square blank;
s2, chamfering, turning an outer circle and cutting a tool withdrawal groove;
s3, turning a first-order transition arc and a first-order parallel section outline;
s4, turning a second-order transition arc and a second-order parallel section profile;
and S5, turning threads at two ends.
In one possible design, when a first-order transition arc room temperature sample is turned, a macro program is called to assign values to macro variables according to the specification of the sample, and the turning process is stopped when S3 is carried out, so that the first-order transition arc room temperature sample is obtained.
In one possible design, when a second-order transition arc room temperature sample is turned, a macro program is called to assign values to macro variables according to the sample specification, and the turning process is stopped at S4 to obtain the second-order transition arc room temperature sample.
In one possible design, when a first-order transition arc threaded high-temperature sample is turned, a macro program is called to assign values to macro variables according to the specification of the sample, the turning process is stopped at S5, and a skip function is used for skipping S4 to obtain the first-order transition arc threaded high-temperature sample.
In one possible design, the turning macro program obtains the clamp shoulder length according to the following formula:
length of clamping end shoulder = (total length of sample-length of first order parallel segment-2 x length of first order arc)/2.
In one possible design, the turning macro program obtains the first shoulder length according to the following equation:
first-order shoulder length = (first-order parallel segment length-second-order parallel segment length-2 × second-order arc length)/2.
In one possible design, the first-order transition arc radius is obtained according to the following formula in the turning macro-program:
first-order transition arc radius = (clamping end diameter-first-order parallel section diameter)/4 + (first-order arc length × first-order arc length)/(clamping end diameter-first-order parallel section diameter).
In one possible design, in the lathe macro procedure, the second order transition arc radius is obtained according to the following formula:
second order transition arc radius = (first order parallel segment diameter-second order parallel segment diameter)/4 + (second order arc length × second order arc length)/(first order parallel segment diameter-second order parallel segment diameter).
The technical scheme of the invention has the following main advantages:
the method for turning the tensile samples with different feed profiles by using the macro program comprises the steps of writing the macro program of the processing program section containing all elements in all the samples, and skipping the program section corresponding to the missing element in the sample through the skip function during processing of a certain sample, so that the macro program can process the tensile samples with different shapes and different sizes, a large amount of time occupied by re-developing the program when the shape of the sample is changed is reduced, and the possibility that the response speed of a machine tool and the wrong program are influenced by the occupation of a system memory by multiple programs is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first-order transition arc room temperature sample provided by the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second-order transition arc room temperature sample provided in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-order transition arc threaded high-temperature sample provided by the prior art;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for turning tensile test samples with different feed profiles by using a macro procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating transition arc radius calculation of a tensile specimen in a method for turning tensile specimens with different feed profiles by using a macro program according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for turning tensile samples with different feed profiles by using a macro program, as shown in the attached figure 4, the method comprises the following steps:
analyzing the variable quantities of the samples with different shapes, and completing the design and assignment of macro program variables, wherein the assigned macro variables comprise complete processing parameters of all the samples;
compiling a turning macro program according to the assignment macro variable;
and (4) turning the tensile sample according to the macro program, and skipping a program segment corresponding to the assigned macro variable lacking in the sample through a skip function when the specific sample is machined.
According to the method for turning the tensile samples with different feed profiles by using the macro program, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the macro program comprising the processing program segments of all elements in all the samples is compiled, and when a certain sample is processed, the program segments corresponding to the elements lacking in the sample are skipped through the skip selection function, so that one macro program can process the tensile samples with different shapes and different sizes, a large amount of time occupied by re-developing the program when the shape of the sample is changed is reduced, and the possibility that the response speed of a machine tool and a wrong program are influenced by the system memory occupied by multiple programs is avoided.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, a tensile specimen comprises: the first-order transition arc room temperature sample, the second-order transition arc room temperature sample and the first-order transition arc threaded high temperature sample. And analyzing the relationship among the three samples, processing a second-order transition arc on the basis of the first-order transition arc room temperature sample to obtain a second-order transition arc room temperature sample, and processing a thread at the clamping end on the basis of the first-order transition arc room temperature sample to obtain a first-order transition arc threaded high-temperature sample. Analyzing the variable quantities of three tensile samples, and determining 12 assignment macro variables, wherein the assignment macro variables are respectively as follows: the device comprises a blank diameter, a clamping end diameter, a first-order parallel section diameter, a second-order parallel section diameter, a total sample length, a first-order parallel section length, a second-order parallel section length, a first-order arc length, a second-order arc length, a thread pitch, a thread small diameter and a thread finish machining allowance.
And obtaining the rest processing parameters through 12 assignment macro variables.
The macro variable assignments are tabulated as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, the length of the clamping end shoulder = (total length of the sample-length of the first-order parallel segment-2 × length of the first-order arc)/2.
First shoulder length = (first-order parallel segment length-second-order parallel segment length-2 × second-order arc length)/2.
First-order transition arc radius = (clamping end diameter-first-order parallel section diameter)/4 + (first-order arc length × first-order arc length)/(clamping end diameter-first-order parallel section diameter).
Second order transition arc radius = (first order parallel section diameter-second order parallel section diameter)/4 + (second order arc length x second order arc length)/(first order parallel section diameter-second order parallel section diameter). A graphical illustration of the transition arc radius can be seen in fig. 5.
The turning process comprises the following steps:
s1, sawing to obtain a square blank;
s2, chamfering, turning an outer circle and cutting a tool withdrawal groove;
s3, turning a first-order transition arc and a first-order parallel section outline;
s4, turning a second-order transition arc and a profile of the two parallel sections;
and S5, turning threads at two ends.
Based on the turning process and the assigned macro variables, the macro procedure was determined as shown in the following table:
and when the first-order transition arc room temperature sample is turned, calling a macro program to assign values to macro variables according to the sample specification, and stopping the turning process until S3 to obtain the first-order transition arc room temperature sample.
And when the second-order transition arc room temperature sample is turned, calling a macro program to assign values to the macro variables according to the sample specification, and stopping the turning process until S4 to obtain the second-order transition arc room temperature sample.
And when the first-order transition arc threaded high-temperature sample is turned, calling a macro program to assign values to macro variables according to the sample specification, stopping the turning process at S5 and skipping S4 by using a skip selection function to obtain the first-order transition arc threaded high-temperature sample. As shown in the following table:
the following description will explain the advantageous effects of the present invention with reference to specific examples:
the program is successfully debugged on the numerical control lathe and the actual cutting processing is carried out, the program segment skipping function is used, then the 'skip selection' key on the operation panel is pressed, and the problem that 3 series of circular cross section tensile samples with different shapes and specifications can be subjected to composite processing by using one macro program is successfully solved. The manual assignment of the transition radius is replaced by automatic calculation of a numerical control system, and the cutter connecting trace at the transition arc is thoroughly eliminated.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In addition, "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" in this document are referred to the placement states shown in the drawings.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for turning tensile test specimens with different feed profiles by using a macro program, comprising:
analyzing the variable quantities of the samples with different shapes, and completing the design and assignment of macro program variables, wherein the assigned macro variables comprise complete processing parameters of all the samples;
compiling a turning macro program according to the assignment macro variable;
turning the tensile sample according to the macro program, skipping a program segment corresponding to the assignment macro variable lacking in the sample through a skip selection function when processing the specific sample,
the method is characterized in that:
the tensile specimen includes: a first-order transition arc room temperature sample, a second-order transition arc room temperature sample and a first-order transition arc threaded high temperature sample;
the variable quantities of three tensile samples were analyzed to determine 12 assigned macrovariables, which were: the device comprises a blank diameter, a clamping end diameter, a first-order parallel section diameter, a second-order parallel section diameter, a total sample length, a first-order parallel section length, a second-order parallel section length, a first-order arc length, a second-order arc length, a thread pitch, a thread small diameter and a thread finish machining allowance.
2. The method for turning the tensile specimen with different feed profiles by using the macro procedure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turning process comprises:
s1, sawing to obtain a square blank;
s2, chamfering, turning an outer circle and cutting a tool withdrawal groove;
s3, turning a first-order transition arc and a first-order parallel section outline;
s4, turning a second-order transition arc and a second-order parallel section outline;
and S5, turning threads at two ends.
3. The method for turning the tensile test samples with different feed profiles by using the macro program according to claim 2, wherein when the first-order transition arc room temperature test sample is turned, the macro program is called to assign values to macro variables according to the specification of the test sample, and the turning process is stopped until S3 to obtain the first-order transition arc room temperature test sample.
4. The method for turning the tensile samples with different feed profiles by using the macro program according to claim 2, wherein when the second-order transition arc room temperature sample is turned, the macro program is called to assign values to macro variables according to the specification of the sample, and the turning process is stopped at S4 to obtain the second-order transition arc room temperature sample.
5. The method for turning the tensile samples with different feed profiles by using the macro program according to claim 2, wherein when the high-temperature sample with the first-order transition arc threads is turned, the macro program is called to assign values to macro variables according to the specification of the sample, the turning process is stopped at S5, and the skip function is used to skip S4, so that the high-temperature sample with the first-order transition arc threads is obtained.
6. The method for turning the tensile sample with different feed profiles by using the macro procedure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the macro procedure of turning, the length of the clamping end shoulder is obtained according to the following formula:
length of clamping end shoulder = (total length of sample-length of first order parallel segment-2 x length of first order arc)/2.
7. The method for turning the tensile specimen with different feed profiles by using the macro procedure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the macro procedure of turning, the first-order shoulder length is obtained according to the following formula:
first shoulder length = (first-order parallel segment length-second-order parallel segment length-2 × second-order arc length)/2.
8. The method for turning the tensile specimen with different feed profiles by using the macro procedure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the macro procedure of turning, the first-order transition arc radius is obtained according to the following formula:
first-order transition arc radius = (clamping end diameter-first-order parallel section diameter)/4 + (first-order arc length x first-order arc length)/(clamping end diameter-first-order parallel section diameter).
9. The method for turning the tensile sample with different feed profiles by using the macro procedure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the macro procedure of turning, the second-order transition arc radius is obtained according to the following formula:
second order transition arc radius = (first order parallel segment diameter-second order parallel segment diameter)/4 + (second order arc length × second order arc length)/(first order parallel segment diameter-second order parallel segment diameter).
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