CN111802171A - Method for reducing inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags - Google Patents
Method for reducing inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom inoculation, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags, which comprises the following steps: a1 bag making; a2 sterilization; a3, cooling; a4 clean inoculation; a5 was cultured at a suitable temperature. By adopting the method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bags, the pollution rate of the bags can be effectively reduced, the yield of the bags is improved, and the consistency of bag production can be realized to the maximum extent, so that the high and stable yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus is realized, the operation process is simple, and the quality safety and sanitation of the product can be ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom inoculation, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of a hypsizygus marmoreus bag.
Background
The hypsizygus marmoreus is also named Hypsizygus marmoreus, Hypsizygus marmoreus and Hypsizygus marmoreus, is rich in various essential amino acids for human bodies, such as lysine, arginine, glucan and the like, has the effects of promoting the intelligence development of adolescents, resisting cancers, reducing cholesterol, improving the immunity of the human bodies and the like, is deeply popular with consumers, and has wide market prospects at home and abroad. At present, the production of the hypsizygus marmoreus is rapidly developed all over the country mainly by industrial production. The fungus bags are bagged by a semi-automatic bagging machine or a full-automatic bagging machine, sterilized at high pressure, cooled, inoculated with solid strains or liquid strains, and then transferred into a constant-temperature culture room for culture. Enterprises adopting solid strains have high pollution rate after culturing and spawning for more than 10 days, the pollution rate is respectively as high as 5-10%, and the fungus bags become yellow, spit yellow water, black water and other symptoms can appear after the bags are filled with hyphae. Enterprises adopting liquid strains often have the defects that hyphae do not germinate or the activity after germination is not strong; the pollution rate is high, and reaches more than 30 percent or even all pollution; or the hyphae become yellow before and after the bag is full, and spit yellow water and black water. As is well known, the industrial production of the seafood mushrooms adopts high-pressure sterilization, a cooling room and a purification inoculation room are built, the inoculation yield of fungus bags should be theoretically high, and the fungus bag yield directly relates to the production cost of the fungus bags, and is the first key of the industrial production of the seafood mushrooms. The lower the pollution rate of the fungus bags, the lower the production cost of the fungus bag single bag, and the higher the benefit, and the reduction of the pollution rate of the fungus bags can greatly improve the factory production benefit of the seafood mushroom.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for reducing the contamination rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bag inoculation, so as to solve the problem of high contamination rate of the bag in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags comprises the following steps:
a1, bag making: collecting a culture material for cultivating the hypsizygus marmoreus to finish bag making of a fungus bag, controlling the water content of the culture material to be between 61 and 62 percent, and stabilizing the pH value to be between 8.9 and 9.1 after mixing the culture material;
a2, sterilization: b, sterilizing the fungus bags prepared in the step A1 by using an autoclave; vacuumizing twice before sterilization, and controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.05 MPa negative pressure in each vacuumizing; in the sterilization process, controlling the temperature of a sterilization pot to rise to 105 ℃, preserving heat for 60 min, when rising to 115 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, finally rising to 126 ℃, and preserving heat for 180 min; continuously stewing for 30 min after sterilization;
a3, cooling: when the pressure of the sterilization pot is reduced to zero after the stewing in the step A2 is finished, transferring the sterilization pot to a hundred thousand grade fresh air cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 80 ℃, transferring the sterilization pot to a ten thousand grade sterile forced cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 60 ℃, cooling the sterilization pot until the temperature of the culture materials in the fungus bags is reduced to 22-24 ℃, and taking out the culture materials for inoculation operation;
a4, clean inoculation: quantitatively inoculating the cultured liquid strains of the hypsizygus marmoreus into the strain bags prepared in the steps A1-A3 to realize the inoculation of the strains; inoculating in an inoculation area in a hundred-grade purification workshop, and performing running water inoculation operation according to the sterile operation requirement under the condition of keeping positive pressure fresh air;
a5, culturing at a proper temperature: putting the inoculated fungus bags into a constant-temperature culture room for hypha culture; in the early stage of culture, the space temperature of a culture room is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 5000-6000 ppm, the culture room enters an after-ripening culture stage after being cultured for 50-55 d, the space temperature of the culture room is adjusted to be 24-26 ℃, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 7000-8000 ppm, the fungus bags are ripened after being cultured for 45-50 d, and fruiting management is carried out.
In the step A1, the formula of the culture material for culturing the hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-46 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-20 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 17-21 parts of wheat husks, 3-5 parts of soybean meal and 3-5 parts of corn flour; the moisture of each component is measured in advance before the materials are mixed, and the water bucket is used for supplying water quantitatively in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the culture materials is 61-62%.
In the bag making process of the step A1, the pH is controlled by calculating the using amount of the culture material used for making bags each time in advance and quantitatively adding a pH regulator; the pH regulator is lime.
In the step A3, the pH value of the compost in the fungus bag after sterilization and cooling is 6.0-6.5.
Wherein, the preparation process of the seafood mushroom liquid strain in the step A4 is as follows:
b1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of a special culture medium for commercially available hypsizygus marmoreus, 5-10 parts of white sugar, 0.1-0.2 part of a defoaming agent and 200-400 parts of sterile water, and fully stirring and mixing; the culture medium special for the hypsizygus marmoreus is purchased from Dalian Fusheng pharmaceutical Co.
B2, introducing high-pressure steam into the culture medium prepared in the step B1, and sterilizing at the temperature of 123 ℃ for 70 min for later use;
and B3, introducing cold water into the sterilized culture medium, cooling to 23 ℃, inoculating the pre-cultured hypsizygus marmoreus mother seeds under the aseptic condition, and performing aeration culture at 23 ℃ for 8 d to obtain the hypsizygus marmoreus liquid culture medium.
Wherein, when the step B3 is performed with aeration culture and the culture reaches the 6 th day, the strain is taken out under the aseptic condition and inoculated into a test tube for culture, the activity of the hypsizygus marmoreus strain is checked, and dominant strains are screened; and (5) detecting the pH value of the dominant strain when the dominant strain is cultured to the 8 th day, and when the pH value is 6.2-6.4 and the difference between the pH value and the pH value of the culture material in the strain bag is not more than 0.5, inoculating the strain bag.
Wherein the defoaming agent in the step B1 is a silicone defoaming agent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the invention, in the bag making and culturing stages, the water content of each culture material in the bag making process is accurately controlled, the pH value is accurately adjusted, the sterilization parameters are accurately controlled, the culture material is cooled in an aseptic cooling chamber, the temperature of the fungus bag is accurately controlled, dominant strains with strong activity are quantitatively inoculated in a clean inoculation workshop, and the strain bag is transferred into a constant-temperature culture chamber to be cultured under the condition of the optimal temperature, so that the pollution rate of the fungus bag is reduced, the yield of the fungus bag is improved, the consistency of the fungus bag production is realized to the maximum extent, and the high and stable yield of the seafood mushrooms is realized. The method has simple operation process, can ensure the quality safety and sanitation of the product, can be used for inoculation of other edible fungus varieties, and can also effectively reduce the pollution rate of different edible fungus varieties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bags provided by the invention is further described in detail and completely by combining with the embodiment. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
A method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags comprises the following steps:
a1, bag making: collecting a culture material for cultivating the hypsizygus marmoreus to finish bag making of a fungus bag, wherein the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of cottonseed hulls, 18 parts of mixed wood chips, 8 parts of bagasse, 18 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of corn flour and 2 parts of lime; the water content of each component is measured in advance before the materials are mixed, and a bucket is used for supplying water quantitatively in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the culture materials is 61-62%; wherein, the pH value of the culture material can be adjusted to be stabilized to 9.0 by adding 2 parts of lime.
A2, sterilization: b, sterilizing the fungus bags prepared in the step A1 by using an autoclave; vacuumizing twice before sterilization, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 0.05 MPa negative pressure every time, so that cold air in a sterilization pot and compost in a fungus bag is thoroughly pumped out, high-temperature and high-pressure steam quickly and comprehensively permeates into the compost, and the compost is quickly and thoroughly sterilized; in the sterilization process, controlling the temperature of a sterilization pot to rise to 105 ℃, preserving heat for 60 min, when rising to 115 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, finally rising to 126 ℃, and preserving heat for 180 min; continuously stewing for 30 min after sterilization;
a3, cooling: when the pressure of the sterilization pot is reduced to zero after the stewing in the step A2 is finished, transferring the sterilization pot to a hundred thousand grade fresh air cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 80 ℃, transferring the sterilization pot to a ten thousand grade sterile forced cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 60 ℃, cooling the sterilization pot until the temperature of the culture materials in the fungus bags is reduced to 23 ℃, and taking out the culture materials for inoculation operation; the ten thousand-level sterile forced cooling room is required to be constructed to be closed, and is provided with refrigeration equipment and an ozone disinfection facility.
A4, clean inoculation: quantitatively injecting 25mL of the cultured hypsizygus marmoreus liquid strain into the strain bag prepared in the steps A1-A3 to realize the inoculation of the strain; inoculating in an inoculation area in a hundred-grade purification workshop, and performing running water inoculation operation according to the sterile operation requirement under the condition of keeping positive pressure fresh air; before inoculation, the pH value of the fungus bags and the temperature of the culture materials in the bags are detected, when the temperature of a culture medium in the fungus bags and the pH value are detected to be basically consistent, 25ml of liquid strains are quantitatively inoculated into each fungus bag, too many strains are inoculated, the moisture content of the culture materials in the fungus bags is high, too few strains germinate slowly, and the strains are slow to walk.
A5, culturing at a proper temperature: putting the inoculated fungus bags into a constant-temperature culture room for hypha culture; in the early stage of culture, the space temperature of the culture room is controlled to be 23 ℃, the temperature is consistent with the strain temperature, the carbon dioxide concentration is 5500 ppm, the culture room enters a post-maturation culture stage after being cultured for 51 d, the space temperature of the culture room is adjusted to be 25 ℃, the carbon dioxide concentration is 7800 ppm, the fungus bags mature after being cultured for 48 d, and the fruiting management is carried out.
In the step A3, the pH value of the compost in the fungus bag after sterilization and cooling is 6.4.
Wherein, the preparation process of the seafood mushroom liquid strain in the step A4 is as follows:
b1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of a special culture medium for the hypsizygus marmoreus, 6 parts of white sugar, 0.15 part of a defoaming agent and 300 parts of sterile water are fully stirred and mixed; the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent; the culture medium special for the hypsizygus marmoreus is purchased from Dalian Fusheng pharmaceutical Co Ltd;
b2, introducing high-pressure steam into the culture medium prepared in the step B1, and sterilizing at the temperature of 123 ℃ for 70 min for later use;
and B3, introducing cold water into the sterilized culture medium, cooling to 23 ℃, inoculating the pre-cultured hypsizygus marmoreus mother seeds under the aseptic condition, and performing aeration culture at 23 ℃ for 8 d to obtain the hypsizygus marmoreus liquid culture medium.
Wherein, when the step B3 is performed with aeration culture and the culture reaches the 6 th day, the strain is taken out under the aseptic condition and inoculated into a test tube for culture, the activity of the hypsizygus marmoreus strain is checked, and dominant strains are screened; and (5) detecting the pH value of the dominant strain when the culture is carried out to the 8 th day, and inoculating the strain bags when the pH value is 6.2-6.4.
The method is strictly managed according to the data in the embodiment, the pollution rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bags is 2 per mill, the yield reaches 99.8 percent, the fruiting management process is executed according to conventional management operation, and the annual average yield is 505 g.
Example 2
A method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags comprises the following steps:
a1, bag making: collecting a culture material for cultivating the hypsizygus marmoreus to finish bag making of a fungus bag, wherein the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15 parts of mixed wood chips, 7 parts of bagasse, 17 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of corn flour and 3 parts of lime; the water content of each component is measured in advance before the materials are mixed, and a bucket is used for supplying water quantitatively in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the culture materials is 61-62%; wherein, the pH value of the culture material can be adjusted to be stabilized to 9.1 by adding 3 parts of lime.
A2, sterilization: b, sterilizing the fungus bags prepared in the step A1 by using an autoclave; vacuumizing twice before sterilization, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 0.05 MPa negative pressure every time, so that cold air in a sterilization pot and compost in a fungus bag is thoroughly pumped out, high-temperature and high-pressure steam quickly and comprehensively permeates into the compost, and the compost is quickly and thoroughly sterilized; in the sterilization process, controlling the temperature of a sterilization pot to rise to 105 ℃, preserving heat for 60 min, when rising to 115 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, finally rising to 126 ℃, and preserving heat for 180 min; continuously stewing for 30 min after sterilization;
a3, cooling: when the pressure of the sterilization pot is reduced to zero after the stewing in the step A2 is finished, transferring the sterilization pot to a hundred thousand grade fresh air cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 80 ℃, transferring the sterilization pot to a ten thousand grade sterile forced cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 60 ℃, cooling the sterilization pot until the temperature of the culture materials in the fungus bags is reduced to 22 ℃, and taking out the culture materials for inoculation operation; the ten thousand-level sterile forced cooling room is required to be constructed to be closed, and is provided with refrigeration equipment and an ozone disinfection facility.
A4, clean inoculation: quantitatively injecting 25mL of the cultured hypsizygus marmoreus liquid strain into the strain bag prepared in the steps A1-A3 to realize the inoculation of the strain; inoculating in an inoculation area in a hundred-grade purification workshop, and performing running water inoculation operation according to the sterile operation requirement under the condition of keeping positive pressure fresh air; before inoculation, the pH value of the fungus bags and the temperature of the culture materials in the bags are detected, when the temperature of a culture medium in the fungus bags and the pH value are detected to be basically consistent, 25ml of liquid strains are quantitatively inoculated into each fungus bag, too many strains are inoculated, the moisture content of the culture materials in the fungus bags is high, too few strains germinate slowly, and the strains are slow to walk.
A5, culturing at a proper temperature: putting the inoculated fungus bags into a constant-temperature culture room for hypha culture; in the early stage of culture, the space temperature of a culture room is controlled to be 22 ℃, the temperature is consistent with the strain temperature, the carbon dioxide concentration is 5000 ppm, the culture enters an after-ripening culture stage after 50 d of culture, the space temperature of the culture room is adjusted to be 24 ℃, the carbon dioxide concentration is 7000 ppm, the fungus bags are ripened after 45 d of culture, and the fruiting management is carried out.
In the step A3, the pH value of the compost in the fungus bag after sterilization and cooling is 6.2.
Wherein, the preparation process of the seafood mushroom liquid strain in the step A4 is as follows:
b1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of a special culture medium for the hypsizygus marmoreus, 5 parts of white sugar, 0.1 part of a defoaming agent and 200 parts of sterile water, and fully stirring and mixing; the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent; the culture medium special for the hypsizygus marmoreus is purchased from Dalian Fusheng pharmaceutical Co., Ltd;
b2, introducing high-pressure steam into the culture medium prepared in the step B1, and sterilizing at the temperature of 123 ℃ for 70 min for later use;
and B3, introducing cold water into the sterilized culture medium, cooling to 22 ℃, inoculating the pre-cultured hypsizygus marmoreus mother seeds under the aseptic condition, and performing aeration culture at 22 ℃ for 8 d to obtain the hypsizygus marmoreus liquid culture medium.
Wherein, when the step B3 is performed with aeration culture and the culture reaches the 6 th day, the strain is taken out under the aseptic condition and inoculated into a test tube for culture, the activity of the hypsizygus marmoreus strain is checked, and dominant strains are screened; and (5) detecting the pH value of the dominant strain when the culture is carried out to the 8 th day, and inoculating the strain bags when the pH value is 6.2-6.4.
The method is strictly managed according to the data in the embodiment, the pollution rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bags is 2 per mill, the yield reaches 99.8 percent, the fruiting management process is executed according to conventional management operation, and the annual average yield is 505 g.
Example 3
A method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags comprises the following steps:
a1, bag making: collecting a culture material for cultivating the hypsizygus marmoreus to finish bag making of a fungus bag, wherein the culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 46 parts of cottonseed hulls, 20 parts of mixed wood chips, 10 parts of bagasse, 21 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of corn flour and 3 parts of lime; the water content of each component is measured in advance before the materials are mixed, and a bucket is used for supplying water quantitatively in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the culture materials is 61-62%; wherein, the pH value of the culture material can be adjusted to be 8.9 by adding 3 parts of lime.
A2, sterilization: b, sterilizing the fungus bags prepared in the step A1 by using an autoclave; vacuumizing twice before sterilization, wherein the vacuum degree is controlled to be 0.05 MPa negative pressure every time, so that cold air in a sterilization pot and compost in a fungus bag is thoroughly pumped out, high-temperature and high-pressure steam quickly and comprehensively permeates into the compost, and the compost is quickly and thoroughly sterilized; in the sterilization process, controlling the temperature of a sterilization pot to rise to 105 ℃, preserving heat for 60 min, when rising to 115 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, finally rising to 126 ℃, and preserving heat for 180 min; continuously stewing for 30 min after sterilization;
a3, cooling: when the pressure of the sterilization pot is reduced to zero after the stewing in the step A2 is finished, transferring the sterilization pot to a hundred thousand grade fresh air cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 80 ℃, transferring the sterilization pot to a ten thousand grade sterile forced cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 60 ℃, cooling the sterilization pot until the temperature of the culture materials in the fungus bags is reduced to 24 ℃, and taking out the culture materials for inoculation operation; the ten thousand-level sterile forced cooling room is required to be constructed to be closed, and is provided with refrigeration equipment and an ozone disinfection facility.
A4, clean inoculation: quantitatively injecting 25mL of the cultured hypsizygus marmoreus liquid strain into the strain bag prepared in the steps A1-A3 to realize the inoculation of the strain; inoculating in an inoculation area in a hundred-grade purification workshop, and performing running water inoculation operation according to the sterile operation requirement under the condition of keeping positive pressure fresh air; before inoculation, the pH value of the fungus bags and the temperature of the culture materials in the bags are detected, when the temperature of a culture medium in the fungus bags and the pH value are detected to be basically consistent, 25ml of liquid strains are quantitatively inoculated into each fungus bag, too many strains are inoculated, the moisture content of the culture materials in the fungus bags is high, too few strains germinate slowly, and the strains are slow to walk.
A5, culturing at a proper temperature: putting the inoculated fungus bags into a constant-temperature culture room for hypha culture; in the early stage of culture, the space temperature of a culture room is controlled to be 24 ℃, the temperature is consistent with the strain temperature, the carbon dioxide concentration is 6000 ppm, the culture room enters an after-ripening culture stage after being cultured for 55 d, the space temperature of the culture room is adjusted to be 26 ℃, the carbon dioxide concentration is 8000 ppm, the fungus bags are ripened after being cultured for 50 d, and the fruiting management is carried out.
In the step A3, the pH value of the compost in the fungus bag after sterilization and cooling is 6.3.
Wherein, the preparation process of the seafood mushroom liquid strain in the step A4 is as follows:
b1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of a special culture medium for the hypsizygus marmoreus, 10 parts of white sugar, 0.2 part of a defoaming agent and 400 parts of sterile water, and fully stirring and mixing; the defoaming agent is an organic silicon defoaming agent; the culture medium special for the hypsizygus marmoreus is purchased from Dalian Fusheng pharmaceutical Co., Ltd;
b2, introducing high-pressure steam into the culture medium prepared in the step B1, and sterilizing at the temperature of 123 ℃ for 70 min for later use;
and B3, introducing cold water into the sterilized culture medium, cooling to 24 ℃, inoculating the pre-cultured hypsizygus marmoreus mother seeds under the aseptic condition, and performing aeration culture at 24 ℃ for 8 d to obtain the hypsizygus marmoreus liquid culture medium.
Wherein, when the step B3 is performed with aeration culture and the culture reaches the 6 th day, the strain is taken out under the aseptic condition and inoculated into a test tube for culture, the activity of the hypsizygus marmoreus strain is checked, and dominant strains are screened; and (5) detecting the pH value of the dominant strain when the culture is carried out to the 8 th day, and inoculating the strain bags when the pH value is 6.2-6.4.
The method is strictly managed according to the data in the embodiment, the pollution rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bags is 2 per mill, the yield reaches 99.7 percent, the fruiting management flow is executed according to the conventional management operation, and the annual average yield is 500 g.
In conclusion, the aim of the invention is to reduce the inoculation pollution rate of the seafood mushroom bags, so that all enterprises engaged in the industrial production of the seafood mushrooms can better reduce the production cost, namely the raw material cost, the fixed investment occupation and the energy consumption of a single mushroom bag are reduced, and the stable industrial inoculation data management process of the seafood mushrooms is developed.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing the inoculation pollution rate of hypsizygus marmoreus bags is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a1, bag making: collecting a culture material for cultivating the hypsizygus marmoreus to finish bag making of a fungus bag, controlling the water content of the culture material to be between 61 and 62 percent, and stabilizing the pH value to be between 8.9 and 9.1 after mixing the culture material;
a2, sterilization: b, sterilizing the fungus bags prepared in the step A1 by using an autoclave; vacuumizing twice before sterilization, and controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.05 MPa negative pressure in each vacuumizing; in the sterilization process, controlling the temperature of a sterilization pot to rise to 105 ℃, preserving heat for 60 min, when rising to 115 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, finally rising to 126 ℃, and preserving heat for 180 min; continuously stewing for 30 min after sterilization;
a3, cooling: when the pressure of the sterilization pot is reduced to zero after the stewing in the step A2 is finished, transferring the sterilization pot to a hundred thousand grade fresh air cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 80 ℃, transferring the sterilization pot to a ten thousand grade sterile forced cooling room when the temperature is reduced to be below 60 ℃, cooling the sterilization pot until the temperature of the culture materials in the fungus bags is reduced to 22-24 ℃, and taking out the culture materials for inoculation operation;
a4, clean inoculation: quantitatively inoculating the cultured liquid strains of the hypsizygus marmoreus into the strain bags prepared in the steps A1-A3 to realize the inoculation of the strains; inoculating in an inoculation area in a hundred-grade purification workshop, and performing running water inoculation operation according to the sterile operation requirement under the condition of keeping positive pressure fresh air;
a5, culturing at a proper temperature: putting the inoculated fungus bags into a constant-temperature culture room for hypha culture; in the early stage of culture, the space temperature of a culture room is controlled to be 22-24 ℃, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 5000-6000 ppm, the culture room enters an after-ripening culture stage after being cultured for 50-55 d, the space temperature of the culture room is adjusted to be 24-26 ℃, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 7000-8000 ppm, the fungus bags are ripened after being cultured for 45-50 d, and fruiting management is carried out.
2. The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step A1, the formula of the compost for cultivating the hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-46 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-20 parts of miscellaneous wood chips, 7-10 parts of bagasse, 17-21 parts of wheat husks, 3-5 parts of soybean meal and 3-5 parts of corn flour; the moisture of each component is measured in advance before the materials are mixed, and the water bucket is used for supplying water quantitatively in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the culture materials is 61-62%.
3. The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the bag making process of the step A1, the pH is controlled by calculating the using amount of the culture material used for making bags each time in advance and quantitatively adding a pH regulator; the pH regulator is lime.
4. The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step A3, the pH value of the compost in the fungus bag after sterilization and cooling is 6.0-6.5.
5. The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bag as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the preparation process of the seafood mushroom liquid strain in the step A4 is as follows:
b1, weighing the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of a special culture medium for commercially available hypsizygus marmoreus, 5-10 parts of white sugar, 0.1-0.2 part of a defoaming agent and 200-400 parts of sterile water, and fully stirring and mixing;
b2, introducing high-pressure steam into the culture medium prepared in the step B1, and sterilizing at the temperature of 123 ℃ for 70 min for later use;
and B3, introducing cold water into the sterilized culture medium, cooling to 22-24 ℃, inoculating the pre-cultured hypsizygus marmoreus mother seeds under an aseptic condition, and performing aeration culture for 8 d at 22-24 ℃ to obtain the hypsizygus marmoreus liquid culture medium.
6. The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bag as claimed in claim 5, wherein: when the step B3 is performed with aeration culture and the culture is carried out to the 6 th day, taking out the strains under the aseptic condition, inoculating the strains into a test tube for culture, checking the activity of the hypsizygus marmoreus strains, and screening dominant strains; and (5) detecting the pH value of the dominant strain when the dominant strain is cultured to the 8 th day, and when the pH value is 6.2-6.4 and the difference between the pH value and the pH value of the culture material in the strain bag is not more than 0.5, inoculating the strain bag.
7. The method for reducing the inoculation contamination rate of the hypsizygus marmoreus bag as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the defoaming agent in the step B1 is a silicone defoaming agent.
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Application publication date: 20201023 |