CN111799819B - Coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system - Google Patents
Coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111799819B CN111799819B CN201910820860.2A CN201910820860A CN111799819B CN 111799819 B CN111799819 B CN 111799819B CN 201910820860 A CN201910820860 A CN 201910820860A CN 111799819 B CN111799819 B CN 111799819B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
A coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system belongs to the technical field of energy storage power generation. The invention comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem. In the energy storage stage, the coal gas process is completed by utilizing the electricity generated by the off-peak electric energy of the power grid load or the intermittent renewable energy, and air and synthetic gas are compressed and then stored in a compressed air storage tank and a synthetic gas storage tank; in the energy release stage, the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank and the compressed synthetic gas in the synthetic gas storage tank are released to be supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and the gas turbine power generation subsystem. The heat storage subsystem can perform gradient storage and gradient utilization on heat energy with different tastes. The invention can flexibly operate in different operation modes, is a novel energy storage power generation system, can clean and utilize coal, and has the characteristics of high fuel utilization rate, low pollution discharge and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage power generation.
Background
Among many fossil fuels, coal reserves in China are the most and most widely distributed. Coal gasification technology is a key technology for improving the utilization rate of coal and reducing the pollution emission of coal combustion.
The solid oxide fuel cell can efficiently and environmentally convert chemical energy of fuel into electric energy through an electrochemical reaction way. And the solid oxide fuel cell is not limited by the Carnot cycle efficiency, the energy conversion efficiency is higher than that of the traditional coal-fired power generation, and the actual energy conversion efficiency can reach 50% -70%.
The current power consumption continues to increase, the share of renewable energy power in power supply gradually increases, but the intermittent and unstable power generation of renewable energy and the continuous increase of peak-valley difference of the power grid lead to the continuous increase of the requirements on safe operation of the power grid, and the energy storage technology is an effective way for solving the problems.
Chinese patent CN108386344a discloses a power generation and energy storage system with compressed air energy storage and fuel cell coupling, which utilizes the complementarity of the solid oxide fuel cell and the compressed air energy storage in function, and proposes a prototype system. However, the common fuel cell uses hydrogen-rich gas as fuel, such as natural gas or coal gas, and the like, and if the energy system using natural gas as fuel is popularized on a large scale due to the 'rich coal and less gas' of the energy resource of China, the energy system does not accord with the national situation of using coal as main energy source of China.
Chinese patent CN109356813a discloses a compressed air energy storage and coal gasification combined system using underground mine tunnel, which needs to use large mine tunnel as air storage chamber, and coal gasification process is completed in underground mine tunnel, so that the system cannot be popularized and applied in large scale due to geological condition limitation.
In summary, for the novel energy storage power generation system, the power generation efficiency is considered, and meanwhile, the problems of whether the system is limited by the terrain condition, whether the fuel source is sufficient, and whether the system operation mode is flexible are more comprehensively concerned.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system which organically combines energy storage, a solid oxide fuel cell and a coal gasification technology, solves the problem of fuel sources for the solid oxide fuel cell, improves the power generation efficiency of the system, and can adopt different operation modes, thereby greatly improving the flexibility of the system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized in that: the system comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem.
The coal gasification subsystem comprises a gasification furnace, a synthesis gas-water heat exchanger, a synthesis gas-air heat exchanger, a dust removal device, a mercury removal device, a desulfurization device and an ejector.
The gas storage subsystem comprises a compressed air unit and a compressed synthetic gas unit, wherein the compressed air unit comprises an air compressor, an interstage heat exchanger, a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger and a compressed air storage tank; the compressed syngas unit includes a syngas compressor, a syngas-to-coolant heat exchanger, and a syngas storage tank.
The heat storage subsystem is a split-temperature-zone cascade heat storage device and comprises a high-temperature heat storage device and a medium-low-temperature heat storage device.
The solid oxide fuel cell subsystem includes a solid oxide fuel cell, a rectifying device, and a corresponding bypass conduit.
The gas turbine subsystem includes a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, and a generator.
The steam inlet of the gasification furnace of the gasification subsystem is connected with the steam side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger, the air inlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the air side outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger, and the synthesis gas outlet of the gasification furnace is respectively connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger and the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger; the synthetic gas side outlet of the synthetic gas-water heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the dust removing device after being converged with the synthetic gas outlet of the synthetic gas-air heat exchanger; an air side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the ejector; the outlet of the dust removing device is connected with the inlet of the mercury removing device; the outlet of the mercury removal device is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization device; the outlet of the desulfurization device is respectively connected with the inlet of the synthesis gas compressor and the synthesis gas side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device.
The air compressor outlet of the compressed air unit of the air storage subsystem is respectively connected with the compressed air side inlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger and the compressed air side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device. The compressed air side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the coolant side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger is connected with the coolant side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device after being converged with the coolant side outlet of the interstage heat exchanger; the outlet of the compressed air storage tank is respectively connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector and the compressed air side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device.
The gas storage subsystem is characterized in that an outlet of a synthesis gas compressor of the compressed synthesis gas unit is connected with a synthesis gas side inlet of a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger, a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of a synthesis gas storage tank, and an outlet of the synthesis gas storage tank is connected with a synthesis gas side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device. The synthesis gas storage tank is also provided with other purpose gas supply outlets.
The synthesis gas side outlet of the middle-low temperature heat storage device of the heat storage subsystem is connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the high temperature heat storage device; the compressed air side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device is connected with the compressed air storage tank outlet, and the compressed air side outlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device is connected with the compressed air side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device; the flue gas side inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device is connected with the flue gas side outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device; the synthesis gas side outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is respectively connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell and the fuel side inlet of the combustion chamber. The compressed air side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the compressed air side outlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device, the compressed air side outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is respectively connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell and the oxidant side inlet of the combustion chamber, and the flue gas side inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device is connected with the outlet of the gas turbine.
The anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem is connected with the fuel side inlet of the combustion chamber, the cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with the oxidant side inlet of the combustion chamber, and the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with the rectifying device through an external circuit.
Wherein the outlet of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine power generation subsystem is connected with the inlet of the gas turbine; the gas turbine is connected with the generator through a transmission shaft.
Preferably, the heat storage subsystem is a split-temperature-zone cascade heat storage mode, the heat storage modes of the two heat storage devices can adopt latent heat storage, phase change heat storage or chemical heat storage, and heat energy with different tastes is respectively stored in the high-temperature heat storage device and the medium-low-temperature heat storage device according to different heat source sources and temperature zones, so that heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
Preferably, the heat storage subsystem is not limited to two-stage cascade heat storage contained in the invention illustration, and more than two-stage cascade heat storage subsystem can be designed according to the difference of temperature difference, temperature area, heat storage principle and heat storage heat source.
Preferably, the fluid to be injected of the injector is normal pressure air, the working fluid is compressed air, and the compressed air can be from a compressed air storage tank or a compressor. The air quantity entering the gasification furnace is controlled by injecting normal pressure air through a small amount of compressed air.
Preferably, the synthesis gas is compressed and cooled by a synthesis gas compressor and a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger and then stored in a synthesis gas storage tank, so as to realize stable storage of the synthesis gas.
Preferably, the air compressor and the synthesis gas compressor may be multi-stage compressors with inter-stage cooling.
Preferably, the coolant of the compressed syngas-coolant heat exchanger, compressed air-coolant heat exchanger, and inter-stage cooler may be water, brine, heat transfer oil, glycol aqueous solution, and the like.
Preferably, a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized by comprising the following operation modes:
in the energy storage mode, the air compressor is driven to compress air by utilizing the power generated by the low-valley electric energy or intermittent renewable energy of the power grid load, so that the compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger and then stored in the compressed air storage tank; meanwhile, the power grid load off-peak electric energy or intermittent renewable energy source is utilized to complete the preparation of the synthetic gas, the dust removing device, the mercury removing device and the desulfurizing device are driven to obtain pure synthetic gas, the synthetic gas compressor is driven to compress the synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas is stored in the synthetic gas storage tank after being cooled by the synthetic gas-coolant heat exchanger.
In the energy release mode, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank and compressed synthetic gas in the synthetic gas storage tank are heated by the heat storage device and then enter the cathode and the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell respectively. The solid oxide fuel cell is subjected to electrochemical reaction to generate direct current, and the direct current is converted into alternating current through a rectifying device according to the requirement. The anode exhaust and the cathode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell enter a combustion chamber for combustion, then enter a gas turbine for expansion work, and the gas turbine drives a generator to rotate so as to generate electric energy. The generated power can be used for meeting peak load requirements of the power grid.
When no external electric energy is used for supplying power to the coal gasification subsystem, the compressed air part stored in the compressed air storage tank enters the ejector, the external air is ejected, after the flow rate is increased, the compressed air enters the gasification furnace after passing through the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger, and air is provided for the gasification reaction of the coal in the gasification furnace. Meanwhile, the other part of compressed air is heated by the heat storage device and then enters the combustion chamber to expand and do work by the gas turbine. The gas turbine drives the generator to generate electricity through the transmission shaft, and the generated electricity of the generator is used for driving the dust removing device, the mercury removing device and the desulfurizing device to purify and store the synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace. In addition, the purified synthesis gas may be directly used for power generation. In this case, the pure synthesis gas and compressed air are warmed up by the heat storage device and then enter the solid oxide fuel cell to generate electricity. And then the exhaust gas of the solid oxide fuel cell enters a combustion chamber for combustion, the gas after temperature rise and pressure rise enters a gas turbine for expansion work, and the gas turbine drives a generator to generate power through a transmission shaft.
When the coal gasification subsystem fails, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank is heated by the heat storage device and then passes through the combustion chamber to directly enter the gas turbine to expand and do work, and the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
When the solid oxide fuel cell fails, compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank and compressed synthetic gas in the synthetic gas storage tank are heated by the heat storage device and then directly enter the combustion chamber to burn, and the heated and boosted combustion gas enters the gas turbine to expand and do work, so that the gas turbine drives the generator to rotate to generate electric energy.
The invention has the following advantages and outstanding technical effects:
the operation mode is flexible: the system can not only utilize the off-peak electric energy of the power grid load or the power generation energy generated by intermittent renewable energy sources to provide energy for coal gasification and purification processes, synthesis gas storage processes and compressed air storage processes; and the compressed synthesis gas and the compressed air stored in the storage tank can be released during the peak of the power grid load, and the compressed synthesis gas and the compressed air are supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell and the gas turbine to generate electricity, so that the power grid load fluctuation is stabilized. But also provides an operating scheme when some main equipment (coal gasification subsystem, solid oxide fuel cell) fails and an operating scheme when no external power source is used to power the coal gasification subsystem. Therefore, the system has the characteristic of flexibly selecting the operation mode according to the operation condition and the external constraint.
The system can comprehensively store various energy sources outside the system. The system can comprehensively utilize different types of energy sources such as low-peak power of the power grid, power generated by 'late night wind' of the wind power plant, power generated by solar energy, chemical energy of coal and the like, and can store and convert the energy into clean synthetic gas, heat energy and power grid peak load power.
The heat energy with different tastes in the system is stored in steps and utilized in steps: according to the heat storage subsystem, a heat storage mode of cascade connection of temperature areas is adopted, and heat energy with different tastes is respectively stored in the heat storage devices with different temperature areas according to different heat source sources and different temperature areas, so that the heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
The system provided by the invention has the advantages of regulating the peak-valley difference of the load of the power grid, utilizing the wind and the light, organically combining the energy storage with the solid oxide fuel cell and the coal gasification technology, improving the power generation efficiency of the system, reducing the pollution emission and solving the problem of fuel sources.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments are briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The list of the reference numerals in the drawings is: 1-a gasification furnace; 2-syngas-water heat exchanger; a 3-syngas-air heat exchanger; 4-a dust removal device; 5-mercury removal device; 6-desulfurizing device; 7-a synthesis gas compressor; an 8-syngas-coolant heat exchanger; 9-a synthesis gas storage tank; 10-an ejector; 11-a medium-low temperature heat storage device; 12-a high temperature heat storage device; 13-solid oxide fuel cell; 14-rectifying means; 15-a combustion chamber; 16-inter-stage heat exchanger; 17-an air compressor; 18-a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger; 19-a compressed air storage tank; 20-gas turbine; a 21-generator; 22 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34-control valves.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system which comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem.
The coal gasification subsystem comprises a gasification furnace 1, a synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2, a synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3, a dust removal device 4, a mercury removal device 5, a desulfurization device 6 and an ejector 10.
The gas storage subsystem comprises a compressed air unit and a compressed synthetic gas unit, wherein the compressed air unit comprises a compressor 17, an interstage heat exchanger 16, a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 and a compressed air storage tank 19; the compressed synthesis gas unit comprises a synthesis gas compressor 7, a synthesis gas-to-coolant heat exchanger 8 and a synthesis gas storage tank 9.
The heat storage subsystem is a temperature division cascade heat storage device and comprises a high-temperature heat storage device 12 and a medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
The solid oxide fuel cell subsystem comprises a solid oxide fuel cell 13, a rectifying device 14 and a corresponding bypass duct.
The gas turbine subsystem includes a combustor 15, a gas turbine 20, and an electric generator 21.
The steam inlet of the gasification furnace 1 of the gasification subsystem is connected with the steam side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2, the air inlet of the gasification furnace 1 is connected with the air side outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3, and the synthesis gas outlet of the gasification furnace 1 is respectively connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2 and the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3; the outlet of the synthesis gas side of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2 is connected with the inlet of the dust removing device 4 after being converged with the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3; the air side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 is connected with the outlet of the ejector 10; the outlet of the dust removing device 4 is connected with the inlet of the mercury removing device 5; the outlet of the mercury removal device 5 is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization device 6; the outlet of the desulfurization device 6 is respectively connected with the inlet of the synthesis gas compressor 7 and the inlet of the 11-a1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11.
The outlet of the air compressor 17 of the compressed air unit of the air storage subsystem is connected with the compressed air side inlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 and the 12-b1 inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12 through a control valve 33 and a control valve 32 respectively. The compressed air side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 is connected to the inlet of the compressed air storage tank 19, and the coolant side outlet of the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 merges with the coolant side outlet of the inter-stage cooler 16 and is then connected to the 11-d2 inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11; the outlet of the compressed air storage tank 19 is connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 10 and the 11-b1 inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 through a control valve 30 and a control valve 31 respectively.
An outlet of a synthesis gas compressor 7 of the compressed synthesis gas unit of the gas storage subsystem is connected with a synthesis gas side inlet of a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8, and a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 is connected with an inlet of a synthesis gas storage tank 9; the outlet of the synthesis gas storage tank 9 is connected with the inlet 11-a1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 through a control valve 23. The synthesis gas storage tank is also provided with other purpose gas supply outlets.
The 11-a2 outlet of the middle-low temperature heat storage device 11 of the heat storage subsystem is connected with the 12-a1 inlet of the high temperature heat storage device 12, the 11-b2 outlet of the middle-low temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with the 12-b1 inlet of the high temperature heat storage device 12 through a control valve 34, and the 11-c2 inlet of the middle-low temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with the 12-c1 outlet of the high temperature heat storage device 12; the outlet 12-a2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected to the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 and the inlet 15-1 of the combustion chamber 15 via a control valve 24 and a control valve 25, respectively. The outlet 12-b2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected to the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 and the inlet 15-2 of the combustion chamber 15 via a control valve 26 and a control valve 27, respectively. The inlet 12-c2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected to the outlet of the gas turbine 20.
The anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem is connected with the 15-1 inlet of the combustion chamber 15, the cathode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 is connected with the 15-2 inlet of the combustion chamber 15, and the solid oxide fuel cell 13 is connected with the rectifying device 14 through an external circuit.
The outlet of the combustion chamber 15 of the gas turbine power generation subsystem is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine 20; the gas turbine 20 is connected to a generator 21 via a drive shaft.
The heat storage subsystem is a split-temperature-zone cascade heat storage mode, the heat storage modes of the two heat storage devices can adopt latent heat storage, phase change heat storage or chemical heat storage, and heat energy with different tastes is respectively stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the medium-low-temperature heat storage device 11 according to different heat source sources and temperature zones, so that heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved.
The heat storage subsystem is not limited to the two-stage cascade heat storage of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12 contained in the invention illustration, and can be designed into more than two-stage cascade heat storage subsystems according to the difference of temperature difference, temperature area, heat storage principle and heat storage heat source. In the embodiment, two cascade heat storage modes are adopted, phase change heat storage is adopted, the heat storage temperature interval of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 in the embodiment is 100-200 ℃, and the heat storage temperature interval of the high-temperature heat storage device 12 is 200-300 ℃.
The fluid to be injected of the injector 10 is normal pressure air, the working fluid is compressed air, and the compressed air can be from a compressed air storage tank or a compressor. The air quantity entering the gasification furnace is controlled by injecting normal pressure air through a small amount of compressed air.
The synthesis gas is compressed and cooled by a synthesis gas compressor 7 and a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 and then stored in a synthesis gas storage tank 9, so that stable storage of the synthesis gas is realized. The gas storage pressure of the synthetic gas storage tank is 3-7MPa, and the gas storage pressure of the compressed air storage tank is 3-7MPa. The air compressor and the synthesis gas compressor may be multistage compressors with inter-stage cooling.
The coolant of the compressed syngas-coolant heat exchanger 8, the compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18, and the inter-stage cooler 16 may be water, brine, heat transfer oil, glycol aqueous solution, and the like.
A coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system characterized by comprising the following modes of operation:
in the energy storage mode, the control valve 33 is opened, the control valve 32 is closed, the air compressor 17 is driven by using the electric energy of the low-peak load of the power grid or the power generated by the intermittent renewable energy source, the air is compressed, and the compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger 18 and then stored in the compressed air storage tank 19; simultaneously, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, the synthesis gas can be prepared by utilizing the electricity generated by the low-valley electric energy of the power grid load or the intermittent renewable energy, and the dust removing device 4, the mercury removing device 5 and the desulfurizing device 6 are driven to obtain pure synthesis gas. The synthesis gas compressor 7 is driven to compress the synthesis gas and the synthesis gas is cooled by the synthesis gas-to-coolant heat exchanger 8 and stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9. The temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace 1 is 850-1000 ℃, the temperature of the synthesis gas entering the dust removing device 4 after heat exchange is about 110 ℃, and the pure synthesis gas after the desulfurizing device 6 is at normal temperature.
In the energy release mode, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 27 is closed, and the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 is allowed to enter the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 after being sequentially warmed up by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12. At the same time, the control valve 23 and the control valve 24 are opened, the control valve 25 is closed, and the compressed synthesis gas stored in the synthesis gas storage tank 9 is led to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 after being sequentially warmed up by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12. Wherein, after the synthetic gas and air at the outlets of the compressed air storage tank 19 and the synthetic gas storage tank 9 pass through the medium and low temperature heat storage device 11, the temperature is raised to 100-150 ℃, and after the synthetic gas and air pass through the high temperature heat storage device 12, the temperature is raised to 200-300 ℃. The warmed synthesis gas and air undergo electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell 13 to generate direct current, and the direct current is converted into alternating current by the rectifying device 14 according to the need. Anode exhaust gas and cathode exhaust gas at 750-900 ℃ at the outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 enter the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, and then the temperature is increased to about 800-950 ℃. Then enters the gas turbine 20 to expand and do work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy. The generated power can be used for meeting peak load requirements of the power grid. And the heat in the exhaust gas at 300-400 ℃ at the outlet of the gas turbine 20 is stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the medium-low-temperature heat storage device 11 in a grading manner.
When no external electric energy is used for supplying power to the coal gasification subsystem, the control valve 30, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 26 is closed, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are controlled, the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 enters the ejector 10 to eject external air, after the flow rate is increased, the mixed air enters the gasification furnace 1 after the temperature of the mixed air is increased to 600-800 ℃ by the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3, and the required air is provided for the coal gasification reaction of the gasification furnace 1. Meanwhile, part of compressed air is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, enters the gas turbine 20 to expand and do work after passing through the combustion chamber 15, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity through the transmission shaft. The power generated by the generator 21 is used to drive the dust collector 4, the mercury removal device 5 and the desulfurization device 6 to purify and store the synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace. In addition, the purified synthesis gas may be directly used for power generation. In this case, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 23, the control valve 25 and the control valve 27 are closed, and the purified synthesis gas and the compressed air are allowed to pass through the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12, rise in temperature, and then enter the solid oxide fuel cell 13 to generate electricity. Then the exhaust gas of 750-900 ℃ of the solid oxide fuel cell 13 enters the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the temperature is increased to 800-950 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the gas turbine 20 for expansion work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to generate electricity through the transmission shaft.
When the coal gasification subsystem fails, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 30, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, so that the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12, then enters the gas turbine 20 through the combustion chamber 15 to expand and do work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
When the solid oxide fuel cell fails, the control valve 23, the control valve 25, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are closed, the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank 19 and the synthetic gas in the synthetic gas storage tank 9 are heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, and then directly enter the combustion chamber 15 for combustion, the heated and boosted combustion gas enters the gas turbine 20 for expansion work, and the gas turbine 20 drives the generator 21 to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
Finally, the above examples are only intended to aid in understanding the method of the invention and its core ideas; also, as will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, variations in the specific embodiments and in the scope of the applications based on the teachings herein. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system is characterized in that: the system comprises a coal gasification subsystem, a gas storage subsystem, a heat storage subsystem, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation subsystem and a gas turbine power generation subsystem;
the coal gasification subsystem comprises a gasification furnace (1), a synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2, a synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3, a dust removal device (4), a mercury removal device (5), a desulfurization device (6) and an ejector (10);
the gas storage subsystem comprises a compressed air unit and a compressed synthetic gas unit, wherein the compressed air unit comprises a compressor (17), an interstage heat exchanger (16), a compressed air-coolant heat exchanger 18 and a compressed air storage tank (19); the compressed synthesis gas unit comprises a synthesis gas compressor (7), a synthesis gas-to-coolant heat exchanger 8 and a synthesis gas storage tank (9);
the heat storage subsystem is a split-temperature-zone cascade heat storage device and comprises a high-temperature heat storage device (12) and a medium-low-temperature heat storage device (11);
the steam inlet of a gasification furnace (1) of the gasification subsystem is connected with the steam side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2, the air inlet of the gasification furnace (1) is connected with the air side outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3, and the synthesis gas outlet of the gasification furnace (1) is respectively connected with the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2 and the synthesis gas side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3; the synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-water heat exchanger 2 is converged with the synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 and then is sequentially connected with a dust removing device (4), a mercury removing device (5) and a desulfurizing device (6); an air side inlet of the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 is connected with an outlet of the ejector (10);
an outlet of a synthesis gas compressor (7) of the compressed synthesis gas unit of the gas storage subsystem is connected with a synthesis gas side inlet of a synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8, and a synthesis gas side outlet of the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8 is connected with an inlet of a synthesis gas storage tank (9); the outlet of the synthetic gas storage tank (9) is connected with the inlet 11-a1 of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11; the synthetic gas storage tank is also provided with other purpose gas supply outlets; an outlet of a compressed air storage tank (19) of the compressed air unit of the air storage subsystem is respectively connected with a working fluid inlet of the ejector (10) and an 11-b1 inlet of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11;
the 11-a2 outlet of the low-temperature heat storage device 11 in the heat storage subsystem is connected with the 12-a1 inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12, the 11-b2 outlet of the medium-low-temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with the 12-b1 inlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12 through a control valve 34, and the 11-c2 inlet of the medium-low-temperature heat storage device 11 is connected with the 12-c1 outlet of the high-temperature heat storage device 12; the outlet 12-a2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (13) and the inlet 15-1 of the combustion chamber 15 through a control valve 24 and a control valve 25 respectively; the outlet 12-b2 of the high temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (13) and the inlet 15-2 of the combustion chamber 15 through a control valve 26 and a control valve 27 respectively; the inlet 12-c2 of the high-temperature heat storage device 12 is connected with the outlet of the gas turbine (20);
the heat storage subsystem is a split-temperature-zone cascade heat storage mode, the heat storage modes of the two heat storage devices adopt latent heat storage, phase change heat storage or chemical heat storage, and heat energy with different tastes is respectively stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the medium-low-temperature heat storage device 11 according to different heat source sources and temperature zones, so that the heat exchange temperature difference in the heat storage process is reduced, and the heat energy storage efficiency of the heat storage subsystem is improved;
the heat storage subsystem is not limited to the two-stage cascade heat storage of the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12 contained in the invention illustration, and is designed into more than two stages of cascade heat storage subsystems according to the difference of temperature difference, temperature area, heat storage principle and heat storage heat source;
the ejected fluid of the ejector (10) is normal-pressure air, the working fluid is compressed air, and the compressed air is from a compressed air storage tank or from a compressor; injecting normal-pressure air through a small amount of compressed air, and controlling the air quantity entering the gasification furnace;
the synthesis gas is compressed and cooled through the synthesis gas compressor (7) and the heat exchanger (8) and then stored in the synthesis gas storage tank (9), so that stable storage of the synthesis gas is realized.
2. The coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell hybrid energy storage power generation system of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following modes of operation:
in the energy storage mode, the control valve 33 is opened, the control valve 32 is closed, the compressor (17) is driven by using the electric energy of the low-peak load of the power grid or the power generated by the intermittent renewable energy source, the air is compressed, and the compressed air is cooled by the heat exchanger 18 and then stored in the compressed air storage tank (19); simultaneously, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, the synthesis gas can be prepared by using the electricity generated by the low-valley electric energy of the power grid load or the intermittent renewable energy source, the dust removing device (4), the mercury removing device (5) and the desulfurizing device (6) are driven to obtain pure synthesis gas, the synthesis gas compressor (7) is driven to compress the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is stored in the synthesis gas storage tank (9) after being cooled by the synthesis gas-coolant heat exchanger 8;
in the energy release mode, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 27 is closed, and the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank (19) is heated in sequence through the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high temperature heat storage device 12 and then enters the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell (13); simultaneously, a control valve 23 and a control valve 24 are opened, a control valve 25 is closed, and compressed synthetic gas stored in a synthetic gas storage tank (9) is heated up in sequence through a medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and a high-temperature heat storage device 12 and then enters the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (13); the solid oxide fuel cell (13) generates electrochemical reaction to generate direct current, and the direct current is converted into alternating current through the rectifying device (14); anode exhaust and cathode exhaust of the solid oxide fuel cell (13) enter a combustion chamber (15) for combustion, then enter a gas turbine (20) for expansion work, and the gas turbine (20) drives a generator (21) to rotate so as to generate electric energy; the generated power can be used for meeting the peak load requirement of the power grid; and the heat in the exhaust gas of the gas turbine (20) is stored in the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and the medium-low-temperature heat storage device 11 in a grading manner;
when no external electric energy is used for supplying power to the coal gasification subsystem, the control valve 30, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 32, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank (19) enters the ejector (10), the external air is ejected, after the flow rate is increased, the compressed air passes through the synthesis gas-air heat exchanger 3 and enters the gasification furnace (1), and the required air is provided for the coal gasification reaction in the gasification furnace (1); meanwhile, after being heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, part of compressed air enters the gas turbine (20) to expand and do work through the combustion chamber (15); the generator (21) is used for generating electricity to drive the dust removing device (4), the mercury removing device (5) and the desulfurizing device (6) to purify and store the synthesis gas generated in the gasification furnace; when the purified synthesis gas is directly used for power generation, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are opened, the control valve 23, the control valve 25 and the control valve 27 are closed, and the purified synthesis gas and the compressed air enter the solid oxide fuel cell (13) for power generation after being heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12; then, the exhaust gas of the solid oxide fuel cell (13) enters a combustion chamber (15) for combustion, the gas after temperature rise and pressure rise enters a gas turbine (20) for expansion work, and the gas turbine (20) drives a generator (21) to generate power through a transmission shaft;
when the coal gasification subsystem fails, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 30, the control valve 26, the control valve 22 and the control valve 23 are closed, so that compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank (19) is heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12, passes through the combustion chamber (15) and enters the gas turbine (20) to expand and do work, and the gas turbine (20) drives the generator (21) to rotate so as to generate electric energy;
when the solid oxide fuel cell fails, the control valve 23, the control valve 25, the control valve 31, the control valve 34 and the control valve 27 are opened, the control valve 22, the control valve 24 and the control valve 26 are closed, the compressed air stored in the compressed air storage tank (19) and the synthetic gas in the synthetic gas storage tank (9) are heated by the medium-low temperature heat storage device 11 and the high-temperature heat storage device 12 and then directly enter the combustion chamber (15) to burn, the heated and boosted combustion gas enters the gas turbine (20) to expand and do work, and the gas turbine (20) drives the generator (21) to rotate so as to generate electric energy.
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| CN113790101B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Hydrogen-power cogeneration system and peak shaving operation method |
| CN113948738B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-04-07 | 西安交通大学 | Method and system for producing hydrogen by integrating compressed air thermochemical process and fuel cell energy storage |
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