CN111798712B - 3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage infected bacteria - Google Patents
3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage infected bacteria Download PDFInfo
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- CN111798712B CN111798712B CN202010680777.2A CN202010680777A CN111798712B CN 111798712 B CN111798712 B CN 111798712B CN 202010680777 A CN202010680777 A CN 202010680777A CN 111798712 B CN111798712 B CN 111798712B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage infected bacteria, which comprises the following steps: 1) making a phage infection model; 2) designing a control circuit of a phage infection model; 3) the phage infection bacteria are divided into a virulent phage infection process and a mild phage infection process; the virulent phage infection process comprises the following steps: a) pressing S2, turning on the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model, turning off after 1 second, sequentially turning on the yellow LED lamps on the supporting plate, turning off after 1 second, and injecting the simulation DNA into the bacteria; b) pressing S2, the yellow LED lamp and the purple LED lamp on the offspring phage model flicker with 1 second as the cycle, and extinguish after 5 seconds; c) pressing S2, assembled state; d) pressing S2, the slider and the daughter phage model emerge from the bacterium, releasing the state. The method effectively fuses the contents of the two parts, and realizes dynamic process circulation and temporary storage of any state by controlling the motor and the LED lamp through the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, so that the teaching content is more complete by infecting bacteria with phage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a phage infection bacteria experiment, in particular to a 3D intelligent simulation method for phage infection bacteria.
Background
The experiment of bacteriophage infecting bacteria is the content of the human teaching edition biology, must repair 2 heredity and evolution 3 chapter 1 'DNA is the main genetic material'. The experiment uses isotope labeling to allow students to understand the whole process of virus propagation in bacteria, thereby concluding that DNA is the main genetic material. The experiment is relatively abstract, and students have certain difficulty in understanding. The teaching materials mainly explain five processes of infecting bacteria by virulent phages, and the process of infecting bacteria by mild phages to form lysogenic bacteria is arranged in topic 1 genetic engineering of' biology, repair 3, special topic of modern biotechnology to learn. The virulent phage infection and the mild phage infection can not be effectively fused, and are not convenient for students to understand.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a 3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage infected bacteria. According to the method, the contents of the virulent phage infection and the mild phage infection are effectively fused, the 3D printing technology is used for manufacturing the phage, the motor and the LED lamp are controlled by the single chip microcomputer to realize dynamic process circulation and temporary stay of any state, and the phage infection bacteria are enabled to be more complete in teaching content.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage infection bacteria comprises the following steps:
1) making bacteriophage infection model
1.1) making a phage model: manufacturing a phage protein shell by 3D printing, mounting a red LED lamp on the top of the phage protein shell, and mounting a yellow LED lamp simulating phage DNA in the top of the phage protein shell; the phage models comprise a parent phage model and a progeny phage model;
1.2) preparing a phage infection model: the phage infection model comprises a supporting platform, a transparent plastic ball outer cover for simulating bacterial cell walls, a base, a circular lamp holder, a supporting plate and at least one set of phage separation mechanism; the transparent plastic ball outer cover is arranged on the supporting platform, the parent phage model is arranged on the top of the transparent plastic ball outer cover, the base is fixedly arranged on the supporting platform and positioned in the middle of the bottom of the transparent plastic ball outer cover, the circular ring-shaped lamp holder is horizontally arranged in the transparent plastic ball outer cover, the supporting plate vertically penetrates through the middle of the circular ring-shaped lamp holder and is fixed above the base, the supporting plate is positioned in the transparent plastic ball outer cover, purple LED lamps simulating plasmid DNA of bacteria are uniformly distributed and arranged on the circular ring-shaped lamp holder, and yellow LED lamps are uniformly distributed and arranged on the supporting plate and above the circular ring-shaped lamp holder along the vertical direction; the bacteriophage separating mechanism comprises a motor, a sliding block and a screw rod, the motor is fixed on the supporting platform and is positioned outside the transparent plastic ball outer cover, a hole for the sliding block and a progeny bacteriophage model arranged on the sliding block to move in or out is formed in the transparent plastic ball outer cover close to the supporting platform, the sliding block is sleeved on the screw rod and is in threaded fit with the screw rod, the bottom surface of the sliding block is in contact with the supporting platform and is in sliding fit with the supporting platform, the screw rod penetrates through the hole, one end of the screw rod is connected with a power output shaft of the motor, and the other end of the screw rod is connected with the base and is in running fit with the base;
2) control circuit for designing phage infection model
The control circuit comprises an AT89C51 singlechip, a first 74LS245 chip, a second 74LS245 chip and a third 74LS245 chip;
the pin 11 and the pin 12 of the first 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with a red LED lamp of a daughter phage model through resistors; one or more of pin 13, pin 14, pin 15, pin 16, pin 17 and pin 18 of the first 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with a yellow LED lamp on a daughter phage model through resistors;
the pin 11 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with a red LED lamp of a progeny phage model through a resistor; one or more of pins 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the second 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with the yellow LED lamp on the support plate through resistors; the pin 18 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with a yellow LED lamp on a parent phage model through a resistor;
one or more of pins 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the third 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with the purple LED lamp on the circular lamp holder through resistors;
3) simulating a bacteriophage infection bacteria process, wherein the bacteriophage infection bacteria process comprises a virulent bacteriophage infection process and a mild bacteriophage infection process:
3.1) the process of virulent phage infection comprises the following stepwise control:
a) pressing the button S2 for the first time, lighting the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model, turning off the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model after lighting for 1 second, sequentially lighting the yellow LED lamps on the supporting plate, turning off after lighting for 1 second, simulating an injection state, and simulating the injection of DNA of the parent phage model into bacteria;
b) pressing the button S2 for the second time, the yellow LED lamp on the progeny phage model and the purple LED lamp on the circular lamp holder twinkle in a period of 1 second, after 5 seconds, the yellow LED lamp on the progeny phage model and the purple LED lamp on the circular lamp holder are extinguished, the synthetic state is simulated, and the simulated progeny phage model utilizes the protein in the bacteria to generate the shell of the progeny phage model;
c) pressing the button S2 for the third time, and lighting a red LED lamp and a yellow LED lamp on the filial generation phage model; simulating the assembly state, simulating the binding of the DNA of the daughter phage model to the generated coat, and the semi-preserved replication of the DNA;
d) pressing the button S2 for the fourth time, the motor of the phage separating mechanism acts to drive the slide block and the filial phage model thereon to come out of the bacteria; a simulated release state, wherein the simulated progeny phage is released due to bacterial disintegration;
3.2) the process of mild phage infection comprises the following stepwise control:
a) pressing a key S1, automatically operating a mild phage infection process;
b) the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model is turned on, the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model is turned off after 1 second, the yellow LED lamps on the supporting plate are sequentially turned on, and the yellow LED lamps are turned off after 1 second; simulating an injection state, namely, simulating a parent phage model to completely inject DNA into a bacterial body through a tail shaft of the parent phage model, wherein a red LED lamp of the parent phage model is normally on, and the process that a protein shell of the parent phage is remained outside the bacterial body is simulated;
c) and (3) lightening a yellow LED lamp on the progeny phage model, lightening and fusing the yellow LED lamp with a purple LED lamp on the circular lamp bracket, and integrating the DNA of the simulated phage to the DNA of the bacteria to form lysogen.
Furthermore, the phage separation mechanisms are three sets, the three sets of phage separation mechanisms are distributed in three different directions of the transparent plastic ball outer cover, and holes corresponding to the three sets of phage separation mechanisms one to one are formed in the transparent plastic ball outer cover respectively.
Furthermore, the circular ring-shaped lamp holder is connected to the supporting plate through the supporting rod.
Further, the control circuit is arranged in the control box.
Further, pin 1 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to a power supply, and pin 19 of the first 74LS245 chip is grounded; pin 1 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with a power supply, and pin 19 of the second 74LS245 chip is grounded; pin 1 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to a power supply, and pin 19 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to ground.
Further, motors of the three phage separation mechanisms are respectively a motor M1, a motor M2 and a motor M3, a pin 15 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with the motor M1, a pin 16 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with a motor M2, and a pin 17 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with the motor M3.
Furthermore, each slide block in the three sets of phage separation mechanisms is provided with a filial generation phage model; the yellow LED lamps on one daughter phage model are D8 and D9, and the red LED lamps on the daughter phage model are D14; the yellow LED lamps on the other daughter phage model are D10 and D11, and the red LED lamps on the other daughter phage model are D15; the yellow LED lamps on the remaining one daughter phage model are D12 and D13, and the red LED lamps on the model are D16; the pin 18 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the other end of a resistor R9 is connected with D8, the pin 17 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R10, and the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with D9; the pin 16 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R11, and the other end of a resistor R11 is connected with D10; the pin 15 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R12, and the other end of a resistor R12 is connected with D11; the pin 14 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R13, and the other end of a resistor R13 is connected with D12; the pin 13 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R14, and the other end of a resistor R14 is connected with D13; the pin 12 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R15, and the other end of a resistor R15 is connected with D14; the pin 11 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R16, and the other end of the resistor R16 is connected to D15.
Further, the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model is D1, and the yellow LED lamps on the support plate are D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7; the pin 18 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R1, and the other end of a resistor R1 is connected with D1; the pin 17 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R2, and the other end of a resistor R2 is connected with D2; the pin 16 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R3, and the other end of a resistor R3 is connected with D3; the pin 15 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R4, and the other end of a resistor R4 is connected with D4; the pin 14 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R5, and the other end of a resistor R5 is connected with D5; the pin 13 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R6, and the other end of a resistor R6 is connected with D6; the pin 12 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R7, and the other end of a resistor R7 is connected with D7; the pin 11 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to D16.
Further, purple LED lamps on the circular lamp holder are D17, D18, D19, D20 and D21; the pin 18 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R18, and the other end of a resistor R18 is connected with D17; the pin 17 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R19, and the other end of a resistor R19 is connected with D18; the pin 16 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R20, and the other end of a resistor R20 is connected with D19; the pin 15 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R21, and the other end of a resistor R21 is connected with D20; the pin 14 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R22, and the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to D21.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the model effectively fuses the contents of a virulent phage infection part and a mild phage infection part, the 3D printing technology is used for manufacturing the phage, the motor and the LED lamp are controlled by the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer to realize dynamic process circulation and temporary stay of any state, and the teaching content is more complete when the phage infects bacteria.
2. The process of infecting bacteria by the virulent phage and the mild phage is perfectly fused and displayed, so that the learning content of the students on the phage infected bacteria is richer and more complete.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a phage model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a phage infection model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure in a phage infection model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an AT89C51 single chip microcomputer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the connection of the first 74LS245 chip to the LED lamp;
FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the connection of the second 74LS245 chip to the LED lamp;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the third 74LS245 chip connected to the LED lamp.
In the drawings: 1-a bacteriophage protein coat; 2-a red LED lamp; 3-yellow LED lamp; 4-a parental phage model; 5-progeny phage model; 6-supporting the platform; 7-transparent plastic ball outer covers; 8-a base; 9-a circular lamp bracket; 10-a support plate; 11-violet LED lamps; 12-a motor; 13-a slide block; 14-a screw; 15-opening; 16-a support bar; 17-control box.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
A3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage infection bacteria comprises the following steps:
1) making bacteriophage infection model
1.1) making phage models, as shown in FIG. 1: a phage protein coat 1 was produced by 3D printing, a red LED lamp 2 was mounted on the top of the phage protein coat 1, and a yellow LED lamp 3 simulating phage DNA was mounted in the top of the phage protein coat 1. The phage model includes a parent phage model 4 and a progeny phage model 5, the volume of the parent phage model 4 is larger than the volume of the progeny phage model 5.
Phages are classified as temperate and virulent by infectivity. Virulent T-phages: the structure is generally tadpole-shaped, the head contains double-stranded DNA molecules, the neck is a hollow needle-shaped structure and an outer sheath, and the tail consists of a substrate, a tail needle and tail fibers; DNA is injected into the bacteria causing lysis of the bacteria. Temperate lambda phage: the structure is similar to that of virulent phage, and temperate phage DNA integrates with bacterial DNA by injection into the body of the bacterium to form a lysogenic bacterium.
1.2) making a phage infection model, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3: the phage infection model comprises a supporting platform 6, a transparent plastic ball outer cover 7 for simulating bacterial cell walls, a base 8, a circular lamp holder 9, a supporting plate 10 and three sets of phage separation mechanisms. The transparent plastic ball housing 7 is arranged on the supporting platform 6, and the parent phage model 4 is arranged on the top of the transparent plastic ball housing 7, namely the tail end of the simulated phage is adsorbed on the surface of the bacteria. The base 8 is fixedly arranged on the supporting platform 6 and is positioned in the middle of the bottom of the transparent plastic ball outer cover 7, the circular ring-shaped lamp holder 9 is horizontally arranged in the transparent plastic ball outer cover 7, the supporting plate 10 vertically penetrates through the middle of the circular ring-shaped lamp holder 9 and is fixed above the base 8, and the supporting plate 10 is positioned in the transparent plastic ball outer cover 7. In the present embodiment, the circular ring-shaped lamp holder 9 is connected to the support plate 10 through the support rod 16. Purple LED lamps 11 simulating plasmid DNA of bacteria are uniformly distributed on the circular lamp holder 9, and yellow LED lamps 3 are uniformly distributed on the supporting plate 10 and above the circular lamp holder 9 along the vertical direction. The phage separation mechanism comprises a motor 12, a slide block 13 and a screw rod 14, wherein the motor 12 is fixed on the supporting platform 6 and is positioned outside the transparent plastic ball housing 7, and a hole 15 for the slide block 13 and a daughter phage model 5 arranged on the slide block 13 to move in or out is arranged on the transparent plastic ball housing 7 and close to the supporting platform 6. The sliding block 13 is sleeved on the screw rod 14 and is in threaded fit with the screw rod 14, the bottom surface of the sliding block 13 is in contact with the supporting platform 6 and is in sliding fit with the supporting platform 6, the screw rod 14 penetrates through the hole 15, one end of the screw rod 14 is connected with a power output shaft of the motor 12, and the other end of the screw rod 14 is connected with the base 8 and is in running fit with the base 8.
Wherein, three sets of phage separating mechanisms are distributed in three different directions of the transparent plastic ball outer cover 7, and the transparent plastic ball outer cover 7 is respectively provided with holes 15 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the three sets of phage separating mechanisms. Wherein, the motors of the three sets of phage separation mechanisms are respectively a motor M1, a motor M2 and a motor M3. Each slide block 13 in the three sets of phage separation mechanisms is provided with a filial generation phage model 5; yellow LED lamps on one daughter phage model 5 are D8 and D9, and a red LED lamp on the daughter phage model is D14; the yellow LED lamps on the other daughter phage model 5 are D10 and D11, and the red LED lamps on the other daughter phage model are D15; the yellow LED lamps on the remaining one daughter phage model 5 were D12 and D13, and the red LED lamp thereon was D16. The yellow LED light on the parent phage model 4 is D1, and the yellow LED lights on the support plate 10 are D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7. The purple LED lamps 11 on the circular lamp holder 9 are D17, D18, D19, D20 and D21.
2) Control circuit for designing phage infection model
The control circuit is disposed in the control box 17. The control circuit comprises an AT89C51 singlechip, a first 74LS245 chip, a second 74LS245 chip and a third 74LS245 chip;
as shown in fig. 4, pin 1 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with one end of the button S1, pin 2 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with one end of the button S2, pin 3 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with one end of the button S3, pin 4 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with one end of the button S4, pin 5 of the AT89C51 single chip microcomputer is connected with one end of the button S5, and the other ends of the button S1, the button S2, the button S3, the button S4 and the button S5 are all grounded. The pin 9 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a singlechip reset key S, one end of the singlechip reset key S is also connected with one end of a resistor R17 and one end of a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R17 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C3 and the other end of the singlechip reset key S are both connected with a power supply;
a pin 18 of the AT89C51 singlechip is respectively connected with one end of the crystal oscillator and one end of a capacitor C2, a pin 19 of the AT89C51 singlechip is respectively connected with the other end of the crystal oscillator and one end of a capacitor C1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are both grounded; pins 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 of the AT89C51 singlechip are connected with pins 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 of the first 74LS245 chip in a one-to-one correspondence manner; pins 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 of the AT89C51 singlechip are connected with pins 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 of the second 74LS245 chip in a one-to-one correspondence manner; and the pins 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the AT89C51 singlechip are correspondingly connected with the pins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the third 74LS245 chip. Pin 15 of AT89C51 singlechip is connected with motor M1, and pin 16 of AT89C51 singlechip is connected with motor M2, and pin 17 of AT89C51 singlechip is connected with motor M3.
As shown in fig. 5, the pin 18 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of the resistor R9, the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to D8, the pin 17 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of the resistor R10, and the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to D9; the pin 16 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R11, and the other end of the resistor R11 is connected with D10; the pin 15 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R12, and the other end of a resistor R12 is connected with D11; the pin 14 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R13, and the other end of a resistor R13 is connected with D12; the pin 13 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R14, and the other end of the resistor R14 is connected with D13; the pin 12 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R15, and the other end of a resistor R15 is connected with D14; pin 11 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R16, and the other end of the resistor R16 is connected to D15. Pin 1 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to a power supply and pin 19 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to ground.
As shown in fig. 6, the pin 18 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to D1; the pin 17 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with D2; the pin 16 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with D3; the pin 15 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R4, and the other end of a resistor R4 is connected with D4; the pin 14 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R5, and the other end of a resistor R5 is connected with D5; the pin 13 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R6, and the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with D6; the pin 12 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R7, and the other end of a resistor R7 is connected with D7; the pin 11 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to D16. Pin 1 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected to the power supply and pin 19 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected to ground.
As shown in fig. 7, the pin 18 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R18, and the other end of the resistor R18 is connected to D17; the pin 17 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R19, and the other end of the resistor R19 is connected to D18; the pin 16 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R20, and the other end of the resistor R20 is connected to D19; the pin 15 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R21, and the other end of the resistor R21 is connected to D20; the pin 14 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R22, and the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to D21. Pin 1 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to the power supply and pin 19 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to ground.
3) Simulating a bacteriophage infection bacteria process, wherein the bacteriophage infection bacteria process comprises a virulent bacteriophage infection process and a mild bacteriophage infection process:
3.1) the process of virulent phage infection comprises the following stepwise control:
a) when the button S2 is pressed for the first time, the yellow LED lamp D1 (yellow LED lamps D1, two groups, 3 each) on the parent phage model 4 is turned on, 1 second after the lighting, the yellow LED lamp D1 on the parent phage model 4 is turned off, the yellow LED lamps D2 to D7 (yellow LED lamp chains) on the support plate 10 are sequentially turned on and turned off 1 second after the lighting, the injection state is simulated, and the DNA simulating the parent phage model 4 is injected into the bacteria.
b) Pressing the button S2 a second time, the yellow LED lamps D8-D13 on the daughter phage model 5 (phage DNA: yellow LED lamps, six) and purple LED lamps D17-D21 (a plurality of purple LED lamps can be arranged according to practice) on the circular lamp holder 9 flicker with a period of 1 second, after 5 seconds, the yellow LED lamps D8-D13 on the filial generation phage model 5 and the purple LED lamps D17-D21 on the circular lamp holder 9 are extinguished, which shows that protein and DNA in cells are consumed and combined to assemble new phage, the synthetic state is simulated, and the simulated filial generation phage model 5 utilizes the protein in bacteria to generate the shell of the filial generation phage model 5.
c) Pressing the button S2 for the third time, the red LED lamps D16, D15 and D14 (the red LED lamp on the shell of the progeny phage model 5) and the yellow LED lamp on the progeny phage model 5 are lighted; the simulated assembly state, simulated progeny phage model 5 DNA and generated coat binding, and half-retained replication of DNA, represents new phage production.
d) Pressing the button S2 for the fourth time, the motor of the phage separating mechanism acts to drive the slide block 13 and the offspring phage model 5 thereon to come out of the bacteria; a simulated release state, in which the simulated progeny phage are released as a result of bacterial disassembly.
The key S3 is pressed to be switched into automatic operation, and the key S4 is pressed to automatically execute the virulent phage infection process. D1 was turned off after D1 was turned on for 1 second, and D2-D7 were turned off after being turned on for 1 second in this order. In the injection state, phage-like DNA is injected into the cell. D17-D21 flickered in 1 second cycle, D8-D13 flickered in 1 second cycle, and D8-D13 and D17-D21 extinguished after 5 seconds. In the synthetic state, the mimic phage uses proteins inside the bacterium to produce a phage coat. D16, D15, D14 lit. In the assembled state, the simulated phage DNA binds to the generated coat. The motor M1, the motor M2 and the motor M3 operate. In the released state, the simulated progeny phage are released as a result of bacterial disassembly.
3.2) the process of mild phage infection comprises the following stepwise control:
a) and in a power-on state, pressing a key S1, and automatically operating a mild phage infection process.
b) The yellow LED lamp D1 on the parent phage model 4 is turned on, the yellow LED lamp D1 on the parent phage model 4 is turned off after 1 second, the yellow LED lamps D2-D7 on the support plate 10 are sequentially turned on, and the yellow LED lamps are turned off after 1 second; the injection state is simulated, the parent phage model 4 is simulated to inject DNA into the body of the bacterium completely through the tail shaft of the model, the red LED lamp of the parent phage model 4 is normally on, and the process that the protein shell of the parent phage is remained outside the body of the bacterium is simulated.
c) The yellow LED lamps D8-D13 on the filial generation phage model 5 are lightened and fused with the purple LED lamps D17-D21 on the circular lamp holder 9, and the DNA of the simulated phage is integrated on the bacterial DNA to form lysogen bacteria, so that the host bacteria are in a phage immune state.
The button S5 is reset, and when the manual control or automatic operation is completed, the analog state is restored to the original state by pressing S5. Pressing S5, motor M1, motor M2 and motor M3 are operated, all D1-D16 are turned off, D17-D21 are turned on, and the state is restored to the state that the bacteria are not infected.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage-infected bacteria is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) making bacteriophage infection model
1.1) making a phage model: manufacturing a phage protein shell (1) through 3D printing, installing a red LED lamp (2) on the top of the phage protein shell (1), and installing a yellow LED lamp (3) simulating phage DNA in the top of the phage protein shell (1); the phage models comprise a parent phage model (4) and a progeny phage model (5);
1.2) preparing a phage infection model: the phage infection model comprises a supporting platform (6), a transparent plastic ball outer cover (7) for simulating bacterial cell walls, a base (8), a circular lamp holder (9), a supporting plate (10) and at least one set of phage separation mechanism; the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7) is arranged on the supporting platform (6), the parent phage model (4) is arranged on the top of the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7), the base (8) is fixedly arranged on the supporting platform (6) and is positioned in the middle of the bottom of the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7), the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9) is horizontally arranged in the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7), the supporting plate (10) vertically penetrates through the middle of the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9) and is fixed above the base (8), the supporting plate (10) is positioned in the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7), purple LED lamps (11) simulating plasmid DNA of bacteria are uniformly distributed on the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9), and yellow LED lamps (3) are uniformly distributed on the supporting plate (10) and above the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9) along the vertical direction; the phage separation mechanism comprises a motor (12), a slide block (13) and a screw (14), the motor (12) is fixed on the supporting platform (6) and is positioned outside the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7), an opening (15) for the sliding block (13) and a progeny phage model (5) arranged on the sliding block (13) to move in or out is arranged on the transparent plastic ball outer cover (7) close to the supporting platform (6), the sliding block (13) is sleeved on the screw rod (14) and is in threaded fit with the screw rod (14), the bottom surface of the sliding block (13) is contacted with the supporting platform (6) and is in sliding fit with the supporting platform (6), the screw (14) penetrates through the hole (15), one end of the screw (14) is connected with a power output shaft of the motor (12), and the other end of the screw (14) is connected with the base (8) and is in running fit with the base (8);
2) control circuit for designing phage infection model
The control circuit comprises an AT89C51 singlechip, a first 74LS245 chip, a second 74LS245 chip and a third 74LS245 chip;
pin 1 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a button S1, pin 2 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a button S2, pin 3 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a button S3, pin 4 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a button S4, pin 5 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a button S5, and the other ends of the button S1, the button S2, the button S3, the button S4 and the button S5 are all grounded; the pin 9 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with one end of a singlechip reset key S, one end of the singlechip reset key S is also connected with one end of a resistor R17 and one end of a capacitor C3, the other end of the resistor R17 is grounded, and the other end of the capacitor C3 and the other end of the singlechip reset key S are both connected with a power supply; a pin 18 of the AT89C51 singlechip is respectively connected with one end of a crystal oscillator and one end of a capacitor C2, a pin 19 of the AT89C51 singlechip is respectively connected with the other end of the crystal oscillator and one end of a capacitor C1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are both grounded; the pins 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 of the AT89C51 singlechip are correspondingly connected with the pins 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 of the first 74LS245 chip; the pins 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 of the AT89C51 singlechip are correspondingly connected with the pins 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2 of the second 74LS245 chip; the pins 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the AT89C51 singlechip are correspondingly connected with the pins 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the third 74LS245 chip; one or more of the pin 15, the pin 16 and the pin 17 of the AT89C51 singlechip are correspondingly connected with a motor in AT least one set of phage separation mechanism;
the pin 11 and the pin 12 of the first 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with a red LED lamp of a daughter phage model (5) through resistors; one or more of pin 13, pin 14, pin 15, pin 16, pin 17 and pin 18 of the first 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with a yellow LED lamp on a daughter phage model (5) through resistors;
the pin 11 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with a red LED lamp of a progeny phage model (5) through a resistor; one or more of pins 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 of the second 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with a yellow LED lamp on the support plate (10) through resistors; the pin 18 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with a yellow LED lamp on a parent phage model (4) through a resistor;
one or more of pins 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the third 74LS245 chip are respectively connected with the purple LED lamp (11) on the circular lamp holder (9) through resistors;
3) simulating a bacteriophage infection bacteria process, wherein the bacteriophage infection bacteria process comprises a virulent bacteriophage infection process and a mild bacteriophage infection process:
3.1) the process of virulent phage infection comprises the following stepwise control:
a) pressing the button S2 for the first time, lighting a yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model (4), after lighting for 1 second, turning off the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model (4), sequentially lighting the yellow LED lamps on the support plate (10), turning off after lighting for 1 second, simulating an injection state, and simulating the injection of DNA of the parent phage model (4) into bacteria;
b) pressing the button S2 for the second time, the yellow LED lamp on the filial generation phage model (5) and the purple LED lamp on the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9) flicker with 1 second as a cycle, after 5 seconds, the yellow LED lamp on the filial generation phage model (5) and the purple LED lamp on the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9) are extinguished, the synthetic state is simulated, and the simulated filial generation phage model (5) utilizes the protein in the bacteria to generate the shell of the filial generation phage model (5);
c) pressing the button S2 for the third time, the red LED lamp and the yellow LED lamp on the offspring phage model (5) are lighted; simulating the assembly state, simulating the binding of the DNA of the daughter phage model (5) to the produced coat, and the semi-preserved replication of the DNA;
d) the fourth time of pressing the button S2, the motor action of the phage separation mechanism drives the slide block (13) and the offspring phage model (5) thereon to come out from the bacteria; a simulated release state, wherein the simulated progeny phage is released due to bacterial disintegration;
3.2) the process of mild phage infection comprises the following stepwise control:
a) pressing a key S1, automatically operating a mild phage infection process;
b) the yellow LED lamps on the parent phage model (4) are turned on, the yellow LED lamps on the parent phage model (4) are turned off after 1 second, the yellow LED lamps on the support plate (10) are sequentially turned on, and the yellow LED lamps are turned off after 1 second; simulating the injection state, wherein the parent phage model (4) is simulated to inject all DNA into the bacterial body through the tail shaft of the parent phage model, the red LED lamp of the parent phage model (4) is normally on, and the process that the protein shell of the parent phage is remained outside the bacterial body is simulated;
c) and a yellow LED lamp on the progeny phage model (5) is lightened and fused with a purple LED lamp on the circular lamp holder (9), and the DNA of the simulated phage is integrated on the DNA of the bacteria to form lysogenic bacteria.
2. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage infection bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the phage separation mechanisms are three sets, the three sets of phage separation mechanisms are distributed in three different directions of a transparent plastic ball housing (7), and holes (15) corresponding to the three sets of phage separation mechanisms one by one are respectively formed in the transparent plastic ball housing (7).
3. 3D intelligent simulation method for bacteriophage invasion of bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the circular ring-shaped lamp holder (9) is connected to the support plate (10) through a support rod (16).
4. 3D intelligent simulation method of phage-infected bacteria according to claim 1, characterized in that the control circuit is arranged in a control box (17).
5. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage infection with bacteria according to claim 1, wherein pin 1 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to a power supply, and pin 19 of the first 74LS245 chip is grounded; pin 1 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with a power supply, and pin 19 of the second 74LS245 chip is grounded; pin 1 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to a power supply, and pin 19 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to ground.
6. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage infection with bacteria according to claim 2, wherein motors of three sets of phage detachment mechanisms are respectively motor M1, motor M2 and motor M3, pin 15 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with motor M1, pin 16 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with motor M2, and pin 17 of the AT89C51 singlechip is connected with motor M3.
7. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage infection of bacteria according to claim 2, characterized in that each slide (13) in the three sets of phage detachment mechanisms is provided with a progeny phage model (5); the yellow LED lamps on one daughter phage model (5) are D8 and D9, and the red LED lamps on the daughter phage model are D14; the yellow LED lamps on the other filial phage model (5) are D10 and D11, and the red LED lamps on the other filial phage model are D15; the yellow LED lamps on the remaining one daughter phage model (5) are D12 and D13, and the red LED lamps on the other daughter phage model are D16; the pin 18 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R9, the other end of a resistor R9 is connected with D8, the pin 17 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R10, and the other end of the resistor R10 is connected with D9; the pin 16 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R11, and the other end of a resistor R11 is connected with D10; the pin 15 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R12, and the other end of a resistor R12 is connected with D11; the pin 14 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R13, and the other end of a resistor R13 is connected with D12; the pin 13 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R14, and the other end of a resistor R14 is connected with D13; the pin 12 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R15, and the other end of a resistor R15 is connected with D14; the pin 11 of the first 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R16, and the other end of the resistor R16 is connected to D15.
8. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage invasion of bacteria according to claim 7, wherein the yellow LED lamp on the parent phage model (4) is D1, the yellow LED lamp on the support plate (10) is D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7; the pin 18 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R1, and the other end of a resistor R1 is connected with D1; the pin 17 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R2, and the other end of a resistor R2 is connected with D2; the pin 16 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R3, and the other end of a resistor R3 is connected with D3; the pin 15 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R4, and the other end of a resistor R4 is connected with D4; the pin 14 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R5, and the other end of a resistor R5 is connected with D5; the pin 13 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R6, and the other end of a resistor R6 is connected with D6; the pin 12 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R7, and the other end of a resistor R7 is connected with D7; the pin 11 of the second 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R8 is connected to D16.
9. The 3D intelligent simulation method for phage infection of bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the purple LED lamps (11) on the circular ring lamp holder (9) are D17, D18, D19, D20 and D21; the pin 18 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R18, and the other end of a resistor R18 is connected with D17; the pin 17 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R19, and the other end of a resistor R19 is connected with D18; the pin 16 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R20, and the other end of a resistor R20 is connected with D19; the pin 15 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected with one end of a resistor R21, and the other end of a resistor R21 is connected with D20; the pin 14 of the third 74LS245 chip is connected to one end of a resistor R22, and the other end of the resistor R22 is connected to D21.
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