CN111795064A - Ceramic and carburizing bearing steel mixed material bearing - Google Patents
Ceramic and carburizing bearing steel mixed material bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN111795064A CN111795064A CN202010665547.9A CN202010665547A CN111795064A CN 111795064 A CN111795064 A CN 111795064A CN 202010665547 A CN202010665547 A CN 202010665547A CN 111795064 A CN111795064 A CN 111795064A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
- F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/003—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/34—Rollers; Needles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/62—Selection of substances
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- F16C2204/70—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent
- F16C2204/72—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys with chromium as the next major constituent with nickel as further constituent, e.g. stainless steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
- F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
- F16C2206/58—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic nitrides
- F16C2206/60—Silicon nitride (Si3N4)l
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/10—Railway vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ceramic and carburizing bearing steel mixed material bearing, which comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and a rolling body, wherein the inner ring is positioned at the inner side of the outer ring, the retainer is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, the rolling body is arranged in the retainer, and the inner ring and the outer ring are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ringThe two parts are connected in a rolling way through rolling bodies. Has the advantages that: by using carburized bearing steel G20CrNi2MoA is used as the material of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, and a novel ceramic material Si is used3N4The rolling body of the bearing is manufactured, the material cost is saved, meanwhile, the special heat treatment process is adopted, the rigidity, the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the toughness of the bearing are improved, the integral strength of the bearing is further improved, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, the performance requirement of the overweight load bearing of the gear box of the subway train can be met, and the production cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bearings, in particular to a ceramic and carburizing bearing steel mixed material bearing.
Background
The subway train has large power, the driving power is in the range of 3600-9600 Kw, a gear box of the subway train belongs to an overweight load transmission device, a bearing belongs to an overweight load bearing, the service life and the reliability of the bearing depend on the strength and the wear resistance of the bearing, the precision of the bearing and the cold and heat change bearing capacity of materials, and the service performance of the bearing is summarized to be three parts of selection, heat treatment and grinding of bearing materials.
The rolling bearing for the gear box is composed of an inner ring, an outer ring, a rolling body (a cylinder, a cone and a sphere) and a retainer like a common bearing. The inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling body are three key parts of a bearing for bearing load, the rolling body is stressed by pressure stress, the stress mode is simple, the change is small, the stress mode of the inner ring and the outer ring is complex and the change is large, the existing common subway train gearbox bearing can not completely meet the use requirements of a subway train on the service life and the reliability of the gearbox, and in addition, a user puts forward higher requirements on the subway train gearbox bearing.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related art, the invention provides a bearing made of a mixed material of ceramic and carburizing bearing steel, which aims to overcome the technical problems in the prior related art.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a ceramic and carburizing bearing steel mixed material bearing comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer and a rolling body, wherein the inner ring is positioned at the inner side of the outer ring;
the preparation process of the ceramic and carburized bearing steel mixed material bearing comprises the following steps of:
s1: selecting materials, selecting or purchasing materials with chemical components and physical properties meeting the technical parameter requirements;
s2: the method comprises the following steps of processing and manufacturing an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing according to technical parameter requirements:
s201: preparing materials, namely blanking according to actual technical parameter requirements;
s202: manufacturing a forging blank, and forging the raw material into a rough blank by adopting die forging and finish forging;
s203: rough turning, reserving machining allowance according to actual product size parameters;
s204: normalizing, namely putting the rough turned blank into a normalizing furnace, and controlling the metallographic structure and the hardness of the material and the uniformity of the hardness of the blank by adopting isothermal normalizing;
s205: finish turning, finish turning the blank according to the size parameters of the product and reserving grinding allowance;
s206: inspecting and detecting the size parameters of the finished blank;
s207: quenching, namely putting the blank into a sealed multipurpose furnace or a vacuum furnace, performing low-temperature carburization and quenching treatment by using rare earth, performing cold treatment after the blank reaches room temperature, standing to room temperature, and performing tempering treatment;
s208: the cooled blank is subjected to coarse grinding and then fine grinding until the requirement of the surface roughness of the bearing is met;
s209: polishing the surface of the blank;
s210: checking and accepting the polished finished product, and numbering the finished product and putting the finished product in storage;
s3: processing and manufacturing the rolling body of the bearing according to the technical parameter requirement;
s4: assembling the processed finished inner ring, outer ring, rolling body and purchased retainer into a bearing;
s5: and (5) carrying out protection treatment on the finished bearing, and then packaging and warehousing.
Further, the step of S1 specifically includes the following steps:
s101: selecting carburizing bearing steel G20CrNi2MoA is used as a material for manufacturing an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing;
S102: selecting novel ceramic Si3N4As a material for manufacturing rolling elements;
s103: and purchasing the retainer meeting the technical parameter requirement.
Further, in the step S204, when the blank is subjected to isothermal normalizing, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time are required to be kept to be the same as those of common normalizing, the blank is cooled to 550-600 ℃ after heat preservation, isothermal maintaining is carried out, the supercooled austenite is completely transformed in the temperature range, a fine pearlite structure is obtained, and then air cooling is carried out to obtain good processability and mechanical property.
Further, when the blank is detected in S206, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s2061: detecting the shape and position size of the blank;
s2062: and (5) stacking the qualified semi-finished products for processing in the next procedure, and scrapping or reworking the unqualified semi-finished products.
Further, when the quenching heat treatment is performed on the blank in S207, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s2071: firstly, placing the blank into a sealed multi-purpose furnace or a vacuum furnace to be heated until the blank is completely austenitized;
s2072: then adopting rare earth low-temperature carburizing and quenching treatment;
s2073: quenching and cooling the blank to room temperature, immediately placing the blank in an environment lower than the room temperature and staying for a certain time for cold treatment;
s2074: after the cold treatment, the blank is placed into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment after the temperature of the blank is reduced to room temperature.
Furthermore, in order to improve the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness of the blank, further improve the strength of the bearing and prolong the service life of the bearing, the heating temperature in the S2071 is 30-50 ℃ above the heating temperature Ac3 of the hypoeutectoid steel.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the purpose of reducing or eliminating the residual austenite and further improve the hardness of the blank, the temperature of the cold treatment of the blank in the S2073 is between-70 ℃ and-80 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 to 1.5 hours.
Further, in order to eliminate the large residual stress in the blank and avoid the condition of cracking of the bearing inner ring or outer ring blank, low-temperature tempering is adopted when the blank is tempered in S2074, the temperature is 150-250 ℃, and the tempering time is 1-2 h.
Further, when the bearing rolling element is manufactured, S3 includes the following steps:
s301: manufacturing raw materials into rolling element blanks;
s302: shaping, namely removing flash and burr of the rolling body blank;
s303: calcining and shaping the shaped rolling element blank;
s304: after the rolling element blank is cooled to room temperature, carrying out fine grinding and polishing to meet the technical parameter requirements;
s305: and (5) checking the size of the finished rolling element product formed by processing, and then numbering and warehousing.
Furthermore, in order to ensure that the raw materials are completely vitrified, the internal structure of the rolling element is more compact, and the strength and the wear resistance of the rolling element are further improved, the temperature is 1200-1300 ℃ when the rolling element blank is calcined in S303.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by using carburized bearing steel G20CrNi2MoA is used as the material of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, and a novel ceramic material Si is used3N4The rolling body of the bearing is manufactured, the material cost is saved, meanwhile, the special heat treatment process is adopted, the rigidity, the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the toughness of the bearing are improved, the integral strength of the bearing is further improved, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, the performance requirement of the overweight load bearing of the gear box of the subway train can be met, and the production cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ceramic and carburized bearing steel hybrid material bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process of a ceramic and carburized bearing steel hybrid material bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. an inner ring; 2. an outer ring; 3. a holder; 4. and a rolling body.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the various embodiments, the drawings which form a part of the disclosure and which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of operation of the embodiments, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the various embodiments and advantages of the invention, and, by reference to these figures, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which are not to scale and wherein like reference numerals generally refer to like elements.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a ceramic and carburized bearing steel hybrid material bearing is provided.
Referring to the drawings and the detailed description, as shown in fig. 1, the ceramic and carburizing bearing steel mixed material bearing according to the embodiment of the invention includes an inner ring 1, an outer ring 2, a cage 3 and rolling elements 4, wherein the inner ring 1 is located on the inner side of the outer ring 2, the cage 3 is arranged between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2, the rolling elements 4 are arranged in the cage 3, and the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2 are in rolling connection through the rolling elements 4;
as shown in fig. 2, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the process for preparing the bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburized bearing steel comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting materials, selecting or purchasing materials with chemical components and physical properties meeting the technical parameter requirements;
specifically, the step S1 includes the following steps during material selection:
step S101: selecting carburizing bearing steel G20CrNi2MoA is used as a material for manufacturing an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing;
step S102: selecting novel ceramic Si3N4As a material for manufacturing rolling elements;
step S103: and purchasing the retainer meeting the technical parameter requirement.
Step S2: the method comprises the following steps of processing and manufacturing an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing according to technical parameter requirements:
step S201: preparing materials, namely blanking according to actual technical parameter requirements;
step S202: manufacturing a forging blank, and forging the raw material into a rough blank by adopting die forging and finish forging;
step S203: rough turning, reserving machining allowance according to actual product size parameters;
step S204: normalizing, namely putting the rough turned blank into a normalizing furnace, and controlling the metallographic structure and the hardness of the material and the uniformity of the hardness of the blank by adopting isothermal normalizing;
step S205: finish turning, finish turning the blank according to the size parameters of the product and reserving grinding allowance;
step S206: inspecting and detecting the size parameters of the finished blank;
specifically, the step S206 includes the following steps when detecting the blank:
step S2061: detecting the shape and position size of the blank;
step S2062: stacking the qualified semi-finished products for processing in the next procedure, and scrapping or reworking the unqualified semi-finished products;
step S207: quenching, namely putting the blank into a sealed multipurpose furnace or a vacuum furnace, performing low-temperature carburization and quenching treatment by using rare earth, performing cold treatment after the blank reaches room temperature, standing to room temperature, and performing tempering treatment;
specifically, the quenching heat treatment of the blank in step S207 includes the following steps:
step S2071: firstly, placing the blank into a sealed multi-purpose furnace or a vacuum furnace to be heated until the blank is completely austenitized;
step S2072: then adopting rare earth low-temperature carburizing and quenching treatment;
step S2073: quenching and cooling the blank to room temperature, immediately placing the blank in an environment lower than the room temperature and staying for a certain time for cold treatment;
step S2074: after the cold treatment, putting the blank into a tempering furnace for tempering after the blank reaches the room temperature;
step S208: the cooled blank is subjected to coarse grinding and then fine grinding until the requirement of the surface roughness of the bearing is met;
step S209: polishing the surface of the blank;
step S210: checking and accepting the polished finished product, and numbering the finished product and putting the finished product in storage;
step S3: processing and manufacturing the rolling body of the bearing according to the technical parameter requirement;
in addition, when the bearing rolling element is manufactured in step S3, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step S301: manufacturing raw materials into rolling element blanks;
step S302: shaping, namely removing flash and burr of the rolling body blank;
step S303: calcining and shaping the shaped rolling element blank;
step S304: after the rolling element blank is cooled to room temperature, carrying out fine grinding and polishing to meet the technical parameter requirements;
step S305: checking the size of the finished rolling element product, and then numbering and warehousing;
step S4: assembling the processed finished inner ring, outer ring, rolling body and purchased retainer into a bearing;
in addition, when the bearing is assembled, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
step S401: measuring the sizes of the inner ring, the outer ring and the rolling body and grouping the sizes;
step S402: assembling the components with reasonable fit clearance into a bearing;
step S5: and (5) carrying out protection treatment on the finished bearing, and then packaging and warehousing.
In one embodiment, in the step S204, when isothermal normalizing is performed on the blank, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time are required to be kept to be the same as those of ordinary normalizing, after the blank is cooled to 550-600 ℃ after heat preservation, isothermal maintaining is performed, so that the super-cooled austenite is completely transformed in the temperature range to obtain a fine pearlite structure, and then air cooling is performed to obtain good processability and mechanical properties.
In one embodiment, the heating temperature in the S2071 is 30-50 ℃ higher than the heating temperature Ac3 of the hypoeutectoid steel, so that the blank can be completely austenitized and then quenched, the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness of the blank are improved, the strength of the bearing is further improved, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the blank in the cold treatment of the S2073 is between-70 ℃ and-80 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-1.5 h, so that the blank which is cooled to room temperature after quenching is continuously deep-cooled to subzero temperature, and the retained austenite after quenching is continuously transformed to martensite, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing or eliminating the retained austenite and further improving the hardness of the blank.
In one embodiment, in the step S2074, low-temperature tempering is adopted when the blank is tempered, the tempering temperature is 150-250 ℃, the tempering time is 1-2 h, and the tempering treatment is performed in time after the cold treatment, so that large residual stress in the blank can be eliminated in time, and the condition that the bearing inner ring or outer ring blank is cracked is avoided.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the rolling element blank in the step S303 is 1200-1300 ℃ during calcination, so that the raw material is completely vitrified, the internal structure of the rolling element is more compact, and the strength and the wear resistance of the rolling element are further improved.
In conclusion, by means of the technical scheme of the invention, the carburizing bearing steel G is adopted20CrNi2MoA is used as the material of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, and a novel ceramic material Si is used3N4The rolling body of the bearing is manufactured, the material cost is saved, meanwhile, the special heat treatment process is adopted, the rigidity, the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the toughness of the bearing are improved, the integral strength of the bearing is further improved, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, and the performance of the overweight load bearing of the gear box of the subway train can be metThe requirement and the production cost are saved.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and may be communication between two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited, and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The bearing made of the mixed material of the ceramic and the carburizing bearing steel is characterized by comprising an inner ring (1), an outer ring (2), a retainer (3) and a rolling body (4), wherein the inner ring (1) is positioned on the inner side of the outer ring (2), the retainer (3) is arranged between the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2), the rolling body (4) is arranged in the retainer (3), and the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2) are in rolling connection through the rolling body (4);
the preparation process of the ceramic and carburized bearing steel mixed material bearing comprises the following steps of:
s1: selecting materials, selecting or purchasing materials with chemical components and physical properties meeting the technical parameter requirements;
s2: processing and manufacturing an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing according to the technical parameter requirements;
s210: checking and accepting the polished finished product, and numbering the finished product and putting the finished product in storage;
s3: processing and manufacturing the rolling body of the bearing according to the technical parameter requirement;
s4: assembling the processed finished inner ring, outer ring, rolling body and purchased retainer into a bearing;
s5: protecting the finished bearing, and then packaging and warehousing;
wherein, step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s201: preparing materials, namely blanking according to actual technical parameter requirements;
s202: manufacturing a forging blank, and forging the raw material into a rough blank by adopting die forging and finish forging;
s203: rough turning, reserving machining allowance according to actual product size parameters;
s204: normalizing, namely putting the rough turned blank into a normalizing furnace, and controlling the metallographic structure and the hardness of the material and the uniformity of the hardness of the blank by adopting isothermal normalizing;
s205: finish turning, finish turning the blank according to the size parameters of the product and reserving grinding allowance;
s206: inspecting and detecting the size parameters of the finished blank;
s207: quenching, namely putting the blank into a sealed multipurpose furnace or a vacuum furnace, performing low-temperature carburization and quenching treatment by using rare earth, performing cold treatment after the blank reaches room temperature, standing to room temperature, and performing tempering treatment;
s208: the cooled blank is subjected to coarse grinding and then fine grinding until the requirement of the surface roughness of the bearing is met;
s209: and polishing the surface of the blank.
2. The bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburized bearing steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said S1 comprises the following steps during material selection:
s101: selecting carburizing bearing steel G20CrNi2MoA is used as a material for manufacturing an inner ring and an outer ring of the bearing;
s102: selecting novel ceramic Si3N4As a material for manufacturing rolling elements;
s103: and purchasing the retainer meeting the technical parameter requirement.
3. The bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburizing bearing steel according to claim 1, wherein in the step S204, when isothermal normalizing is performed on the blank, the heating temperature and the heat preservation time are the same as those of ordinary normalizing, after the blank is cooled to 550-600 ℃ after heat preservation, isothermal maintaining is performed, so that the super-cooled austenite is completely transformed in the temperature range, a fine pearlite structure is obtained, and then air cooling is performed to obtain better processability and mechanical properties.
4. The bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburized bearing steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S206 comprises the following steps in detail when inspecting the blank:
s2061: detecting the shape and position size of the blank;
s2062: and (5) stacking the qualified semi-finished products for processing in the next procedure, and scrapping or reworking the unqualified semi-finished products.
5. The bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburizing bearing steel as set forth in claim 1, wherein the quenching heat treatment of the blank in the step S207 specifically comprises the following steps:
s2071: firstly, placing the blank into a sealed multi-purpose furnace or a vacuum furnace to be heated until the blank is completely austenitized;
s2072: then adopting rare earth low-temperature carburizing and quenching treatment;
s2073: quenching and cooling the blank to room temperature, immediately placing the blank in an environment lower than the room temperature and staying for a certain time for cold treatment;
s2074: after the cold treatment, the blank is placed into a tempering furnace for tempering treatment after the temperature of the blank is reduced to room temperature.
6. The bearing made of a mixed material of ceramic and carburized bearing steel as claimed in claim 5, wherein said heating temperature in S2071 is 30-50 ℃ above the heating temperature Ac3 of the hypoeutectoid steel.
7. The bearing made of the mixed material of the ceramic and the carburizing bearing steel as claimed in claim 5, wherein the temperature of the cold treatment of the blank in the S2073 is between-70 ℃ and-80 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 to 1.5 hours.
8. The bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburizing bearing steel as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tempering at low temperature is adopted for the tempering of the blank in the S2074, the temperature is 150 ℃ to 250 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 to 2 hours.
9. The bearing made of the mixed material of ceramic and carburizing bearing steel as set forth in claim 1, wherein said S3 comprises the following steps when processing and manufacturing the rolling elements of the bearing:
s301: manufacturing raw materials into rolling element blanks;
s302: shaping, namely removing flash and burr of the rolling body blank;
s303: calcining and shaping the shaped rolling element blank;
s304: after the rolling element blank is cooled to room temperature, carrying out fine grinding and polishing to meet the technical parameter requirements;
s305: and (5) checking the size of the finished rolling element product formed by processing, and then numbering and warehousing.
10. The bearing made of a mixed material of ceramic and carburized bearing steel as claimed in claim 9, wherein a temperature at which the rolling element blank is calcined in S303 is 1200 to 1300 ℃.
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