CN111789004B - Method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding - Google Patents
Method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111789004B CN111789004B CN202010716726.0A CN202010716726A CN111789004B CN 111789004 B CN111789004 B CN 111789004B CN 202010716726 A CN202010716726 A CN 202010716726A CN 111789004 B CN111789004 B CN 111789004B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding, which comprises the steps of interplanting corn in a sugarcane field in the early growth stage of sugarcane, processing fresh silage corn and sugarcane tail tips into pig feed, and preparing biological carbon from dried straws; building a pigsty for raising pigs and a chicken house for raising chickens beside the sugarcane field, wherein the cleaning waste liquid and the pig urine of the pigsty and the chicken house are used for drip irrigation of the sugarcane field, and the excrement of the pigs and the chickens are used for raising hermetia illucens; the produced hermetia illucens are used for feeding chickens, the chickens are hatched and then are firstly housed in a chicken house to the sugarcane elongation period, and then the chickens are released to a sugarcane field; the feces treated by the hermetia illucens and the biochar are prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field to provide nutrient components for the growth of sugarcane and silage corn. By using the method disclosed by the invention to plant sugarcane and corn and breed pigs, chickens and hermetia illucens, the low input and high output of the sugarcane field can be realized, and the ecological concept of recycling is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of modern agricultural planting and breeding combination, and particularly relates to a method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding.
Background
The sugarcane industry is one of the important dominant industries in Guangxi, and plays a key role in balancing the supply and demand of sugar in China. However, due to the high concentration of sugarcane planting, the output of the sugarcane field is far less than the demand of the market for the sugarcane, and part of the land is continuously cultivated all the year round, so that the fertility of the soil is reduced, and the diseases and the pests are serious. The problems of single variety, degeneration of the seed nature, low yield and the like of the sugarcane still remain the neck bottle problem which influences the development of the sucrose industry. At present, in the production of sugarcane, farmland is only used for planting sugarcane, a three-dimensional planting ecological cycle mode is not well developed, the prevention and the control of plant diseases and insect pests are simply carried out by chemical prevention and control, the use of a large number of chemical products leads the biological chain in the field to be damaged, the damage degree of the plant diseases and insect pests is increased, and the sugarcane is not used in the yield and the ecology is damaged. Therefore, the combination of the ecological planting and the ecological planting of the sugarcane field is a production mode which realizes the common development of the planting industry and the breeding industry, improves the utilization rate of the resources of the sugarcane field, protects the ecological environment of the sugarcane field and has huge production potential, social market demand and green development prospect.
The invention patent application CN 105265381A discloses a method for raising chickens under sugarcane, which is to build a chicken farm in a forest land close to a sugarcane field, and when the sugarcane grows to a certain height, the chickens are raised according to a certain density. By reasonably planting the sugarcane and timely stocking chicken flocks with certain density in the sugarcane field, weeds can be removed, pests are eliminated, the production cost of raising the chicken and the sugarcane is reduced, excrement discharged by the chicken flocks can become organic fertilizers of the sugarcane, the application of chemical fertilizers and the organic fertilizers is reduced, and the sugarcane yield is increased. The invention patent CN 105454164B discloses a method for raising chickens among sugarcane rows, which comprises the following steps: arranging a henhouse beside a sugarcane field, and captive breeding chicken seedlings; planting the sugarcane, wherein the row spacing of the sugarcane planting rows is 110-130 cm; collecting chicken manure in a chicken house, mixing the chicken manure with a leavening agent, corn flour or rice bran, and fermenting to obtain fermented chicken manure as a planting fertilizer for sugarcane; in the sugarcane elongation period, after intertillage and heavy accompanying, the capacity of 45-55 chickens per mu in the henhouse is put in the sugarcane rows; after the sugarcane is harvested, the sugarcane leaves are burned, the perennial sugarcane management is carried out, intertillage hilling is carried out in the later tillering stage, and then the planting and breeding cycle of the next round can be continued. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the inter-row space of the sugarcane is fully utilized to raise chickens, so that foraging, resting and entertainment places are provided for the chickens, the quality of the local chickens is improved, the soil fertility is also improved, the weeds are inhibited from growing, the root diseases and insect pests are reduced, the ineffective tillering is inhibited, the yield of perennial sugarcane in the next year is increased, and the income of the unit area of the sugarcane field is increased.
Although the two patents disclose an ecological mode combining sugarcane field planting and breeding, the sugarcane-chicken planting and breeding mode is single, the operation of the mode still needs to be maintained only by investing more materials and cost, more wastes are generated, for example, a great amount of sugarcane tail tips are generated during sugarcane harvesting, if the tail tips are not treated, the environment of the sugarcane field is negatively affected by the great amount of sugarcane tail tips, and if the sugarcane tail tips are simply burnt into carbon or smashed and buried into soil, the economic benefit is extremely low. Therefore, the ecological modes disclosed by the two patents are more suitable for small-scale sugarcane fields, and the benefit of the ecological modes for large-scale sugarcane fields is not high; moreover, the mode of sugarcane continuous cropping all the year round also easily causes soil fertility reduction and serious pest and disease damage. Therefore, an ecological circulation system which is lower in cost, better in benefit and suitable for large-scale popularization is urgently needed to be developed, so that the planting and breeding ecological mode of the sugarcane field is more perfect.
Disclosure of Invention
The method disclosed by the invention not only can be used for planting the sugarcane and the corn and breeding the pigs, the chickens and the hermetia illucens, but also can be used for realizing low input and high output of the sugarcane field and conforming to the ecological concept of recycling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding is to plant corn in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of sugarcane, process fresh silage corn and sugarcane tail tips into pig feed, and dry straws to prepare biological carbon; building a pigsty for raising pigs and a chicken house for raising chickens beside the sugarcane field, wherein the cleaning waste liquid and the pig urine of the pigsty and the chicken house are used for drip irrigation of the sugarcane field, and the excrement of the pigs and the chickens are used for raising hermetia illucens; the produced hermetia illucens are used for feeding chickens, the chickens are hatched and then are firstly housed in a chicken house to the sugarcane elongation period, and then the chickens are released to a sugarcane field; the feces treated by the hermetia illucens and the biochar are prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field to provide nutrient components for the growth of sugarcane and silage corn.
The method is characterized in that excrement of pigs and chickens is used for breeding hermetia illucens, and the excrement treated by the hermetia illucens and biological carbon are prepared into the biological organic fertilizer together with the following specific steps:
(1) adding EM bacteria, ferrous sulfate and wall breaking enzyme into pig manure and chicken manure, uniformly mixing, adjusting the humidity of the mixed material to 65-75%, and performing fermentation treatment in a manure pool for 24-48 hours;
(2) turning over the fermented pig manure and chicken manure, paving, and inoculating 5-8-day-old hermetia illucens larvae into the manure to treat the manure;
(3) separating the black soldier fly preputial after the black soldier fly enters the pupa period, and screening out the preputial with fuller individuals from the separated preputial to keep breeding adults so as to breed eggs of the black soldier fly and cultivate a new generation of the black soldier fly; after adult hermetia illucens prepupa lay eggs in an adult egg laying room, killing the adult hermetia illucens prepupa uniformly, airing and crushing the adult hermetia illucens, wherein the obtained hermetia illucens powder is used for feeding chickens;
(4) directly feeding the part of prepupa which is not bred to the chickens, or airing the prepupa, crushing the prepupa into powder, and mixing the powder with other chicken feeds to feed the chickens;
(5) and (4) adding biological carbon powder into the excrement residue obtained after the black soldier fly prepupa is separated in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and drying at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The wall-breaking enzyme is a mixed enzyme formed by mixing more than two of cellulase, hemicellulase, xylanase, arabinanase, beta-glucanase or diastase.
The method for interplanting the corn in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of the sugarcane comprises the following steps:
(1) in 1-2 months of the first year, deep ploughing and preparing sugarcane fields and applying a biological organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, in 3-4 months, sowing sugarcane and corn on the sugarcane fields, and enabling one row of sugarcane to be aligned with one row of corn;
(2) 10-15 days after the corn is sowed, checking the germination condition of the corn, and transferring the corn seedlings around the sugarcane field to the positions where the corn seedlings are absent in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement; 25-30 days after the sugarcane seeds are sowed, checking the germination condition of the sugarcane seeds, and transplanting sugarcane seedlings around the sugarcane field to the positions, which lack the sugarcane seedlings, in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement;
(3) after the seedling supplementing is finished, new corn seeds are sown again at the positions where the corn seedlings or the sugarcane seedlings are moved away around the sugarcane field;
(4) when the corns in the sugarcane field grow to the milk stage-wax stage, harvesting the whole corn plants in the sugarcane field and processing the whole corn plants into pig feed; continuously planting the corn reseeded in the later period around the sugarcane field, harvesting the corn seeds as seeds for interplanting the corn in the second year after the corn is mature, and preparing biological carbon from corn straws and dried sugarcane leaves;
(5) harvesting sugarcane at the bottom of 12 months in the first year to 1 month in the second year, reserving perennial roots, and processing the tail tips of the sugarcane into pig feed; continuously sowing corns in the positions where the corns are planted on the sugarcane field one year after the sugarcane is harvested, checking the germination condition of the corns 10-15 days after the corns are sowed, and transferring the corn seedlings around the sugarcane field to the positions where the corn seedlings are not planted in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement; sowing new corn seeds again at the position where the corn seedlings are removed;
(6) after the perennial root sugarcane germinates, reseeding the perennial root sugarcane lacking the pocket; the perennial root sugarcane is reseeded every year;
(7) the sugarcane field is renovated after the perennial root sugarcane is left for 2-3 years, and corns are planted among sugarcane rows again according to the steps; and exchanging the planting positions of the sugarcane and the corn after each renovation so as to realize crop rotation of the sugarcane and the corn.
The newly planted sugarcane and the perennial root sugarcane are both planted by adopting first-generation sugarcane stems planted by sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and the sugarcane stems are cut into single-bud stem sections or double-bud stem sections to be used as sugarcane seeds of single-plant sugarcanes.
The fresh silage corns and the sugarcane tail tips are processed into the pig feed, namely the fresh silage corns or the silage prepared from the fresh silage corns are used as the pig feed between the harvest time of the silage corns and the harvest time of the sugarcanes; fresh sugarcane tail tips or silage made from fresh sugarcane tail tips is used as pig feed between the sugarcane harvesting period and the silage maize harvesting period.
The fresh silage corns are used as pig feed, namely harvested silage whole plants of corns are cut short by a hay cutter and then crushed by a crusher, the crushed silage corns are repeatedly kneaded for 20-40 minutes by a kneading machine, and then other nutritional ingredients are added and uniformly mixed to directly feed pigs.
The specific steps for preparing silage from fresh silage corn are as follows:
(1) cutting the harvested silage whole corn plants by a hay cutter, and crushing by a crusher;
(2) spraying microbial liquid on the crushed silage corns, stirring and uniformly mixing the crushed silage corns, adjusting the water content of the silage corns to be 50-60%, putting the silage corns into a plastic bag, compacting and sealing the plastic bag, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days under the condition of keeping out of the sun.
The fresh sugarcane tail tips are used as the pig feed, namely the sugarcane tail tips are cut short by a hay cutter and then crushed by a crusher, the crushed sugarcane tail tips are repeatedly kneaded for 20-40 minutes by a kneader, and then other nutritional ingredients are added and uniformly mixed to directly feed pigs.
The specific steps for preparing silage from fresh sugarcane tail tips are as follows:
(1) cutting short sugarcane tail tips by a hay cutter and crushing by a crusher;
(2) spraying microbial liquid on the crushed sugarcane tail tips, stirring and uniformly mixing the crushed sugarcane tail tips, adjusting the water content of the sugarcane tail tips to be 50-60%, putting the sugarcane tail tips into a plastic bag, compacting and sealing the plastic bag, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days under the condition of keeping out of the sun.
The microorganisms in the microorganism liquid comprise candida utilis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus coagulans, lactic acid bacteria, white rot fungi, trichoderma viride and streptococcus faecalis.
The candida utilis is also called torula utilis or torula edible yeast, and the Latin is named asCandida utilisThe candida utilis cells are rich in vitamin B and protein and can provide partial nutrient substances required by animals; after the cell wall of the yeast is cracked, various enzymes can be generated, and living yeast cells can also secrete various enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulase and the like extracellularly. The candida utilis can produce fermented feed with rich nutrition by using fibrous raw materials, and the sugarcane tail tips and the silage corn stalks contain a large amount of fibers. In addition, the candida utilis can produce protein edible for human and livestock by utilizing molasses, wood hydrolysate and the like, can adjust the micro-ecological balance of animal intestinal tracts, improve the digestibility of feed and enhance the immunity of animal organisms. Therefore, the silage prepared by fermenting the silage corns or the sugarcane tail tips by the candida utilis as the pig feed not only can effectively degrade fibers or proteins in the silage corns or the sugarcane tail tips, but also can be used as probiotics to enhance the digestion and utilization of the pigs to nutrient substances, promote the growth of the pigs, promote the appetite of the pigs, and enhance the appetite of the pigsIts ability to resist disease and stress.
The bacillus subtilis has the following chemical name:Bacillus subtilisis a species of the genus Bacillus. The bacillus subtilis has stronger protease, amylase and lipase activities, can activate in-vivo zymogen into active enzyme, and can also secrete a series of other enzymes, if collagenase, glucanase, cellulase and the like exist, the bacillus subtilis can help to decompose non-starch polysaccharide and other substances in plant feed, improve the feed utilization rate, and the acidic intestinal environment can stimulate the intestinal peristalsis of animals and promote digestion and absorption.
Bacillus coagulans bacterium (A), (B) and (C)Bacillus coagulans) The strain is facultative anaerobe which can grow in aerobic and anaerobic environments, can adapt to the intestinal environment with hypoxia, has higher tolerance to acid and bile, can perform lactic acid fermentation, decomposes saccharides to generate L-lactic acid, and the generated L-lactic acid can reduce the pH value of the intestinal tract, inhibit harmful bacteria and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacterium and the like. Bacillus coagulans is able to form spores, which is beneficial for restoring the microecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract compared to other non-lactic acid producing bacilli.
Bacillus pumilus (B.) (Bacillus pumilus) Is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus having a fine rod-like shape. The Bacillus pumilus can hydrolyze starch and degrade mannan, xylan, cellulose and the like. The probability of producing active substances by the bacillus pumilus is high, and various enzymes such as heat-resistant xylanase, heat-resistant serine alkaline protease, glutamic acid endopeptidase, bilirubin oxidase, collagenase, alkaline cellulase, lipase, enzyme for degrading chlorpyrifos and the like can be continuously produced; can also produce various antibiotics, enhance the immune function and promote the disease resistance of animals; promoting the growth and the propagation of beneficial anaerobic microorganisms and maintaining the ecological balance of intestinal tracts; promoting the development of animal intestinal canal and enhancing the activity of endogenous digestive enzyme.
The lactic acid bacteria (A), (B)Lactic acid bacteria，LAB) Is a generic term for a group of bacteria that can utilize fermentable carbohydrates to produce large amounts of lactic acid. The bacteria are widely distributed in nature and have abundant species diversity. They are not only research classification, biochemistry, genetics, molecularIdeal materials for biology and genetic engineering have important academic value in theory, and have extremely high application value in important fields closely related to human life, such as industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, food, medicine and the like.
The white rot fungus (A), (B) and (C)Phanerochaetc chrysosporium) Belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycotina. The decayed wood is named after being white, and the white rot fungi can degrade lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose and have extremely high lignin removal and decomposition rate.
The Trichoderma viride (a)Trichoderma viride) Is one of the trichoderma, is widely distributed in nature, and often saprophytic on wood, seeds and plant residues. The trichoderma viride can generate a plurality of enzyme systems with biological activity, the activity of the generated cellulase is highest, the generated cellulase has a degradation effect on crops, the effect is very good, and the trichoderma viride is also an antagonistic microorganism with rich resources and has an important effect in the prevention and treatment of plant pathological organisms.
The streptococcus faecalis is also called enterococcus faecalis, (i) enterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faecalis) Is gram-positive coccus, hydrogen peroxide-negative coccus, is one of the main flora in intestinal tracts of human beings and animals, can produce natural antibiotics, and is beneficial to the health of organisms; meanwhile, antibacterial substances such as bacteriocin and the like can be generated, the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella is inhibited, and the intestinal microenvironment is improved; can also inhibit the reproduction of urease-producing bacteria and putrefying bacteria in intestinal tract, reduce the content of urease and endotoxin in intestinal tract, and reduce the content of ammonia and endotoxin in blood. Enterococcus faecalis is a type of microorganism normally existing in the digestive tract, has strong tolerance and colonization ability on intestinal mucosa, is facultative anaerobic lactobacillus, and is more suitable for production and application compared with bifidobacterium which is anaerobic and has harsh culture and storage conditions.
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) Is a saprophytic hermetia illucens, can eat the excrement of the livestock and the domestic garbage to produce high-value animal protein feed, and has the characteristics of rapid propagation, large biomass, wide feeding property, high absorption and conversion rate, easy management, low feeding cost, good palatability of animals and the like, thereby being recycledThe larva is called 'phoenix insect', becomes the resource insect with the same name as fly maggot, yellow mealworm, barley pest and the like, and is popularized all over the world. The content of dry matter in the black soldier fly larvae is 42-43%, wherein the content of crude protein accounts for 42-44% of dry weight, and the content of fat accounts for 31-35% of dry weight, and the black soldier fly larvae is a high-quality animal protein feed source. Compared with houseflies, the black soldier flies have the advantages of no sortable environmental safety, low and stable natural population density, no ecological threat, no germ carried by adults, no sanitary pests or agricultural pests in any form, short service life of adults and no habit of entering human living environment, so that the black soldier flies are used as biological treatment medium insects of solid organic waste (kitchen waste, breeding waste, food processing leftovers and the like), and have strong universality, high environmental safety, wide feeding range and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method of the invention is adopted to plant the sugarcane and the corn in the sugarcane field, and the pig, the chicken and the hermetia illucens are bred beside the sugarcane field, so that the sugarcane field and the henhouse and the pigsty beside the sugarcane field basically realize self-sufficiency, no waste is generated, no pollution is caused to the environment, the sugarcane, the chicken and the pig have high yield and good quality, the requirements of pollution-free products are met, and the economic benefit is good. The land utilization and the land cultivation are combined, the land capability is protected and improved, the ecological environment pressure is relieved, and a new thought and a new way are provided for promoting the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry.
2. In the invention, the corn is planted in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of the sugarcane, so that the utilization rate of the land can be improved, the income of a planter can be increased, the positions for planting the sugarcane and the corn are changed after the sugarcane field is renovated every time, the crop rotation of the sugarcane and the corn can be realized to a certain extent, the soil environment is improved, and the total nitrogen, the available phosphorus, the catalase, the urease and the bacteria of the soil are increased. According to the invention, the first generation of sugarcane stems planted by the sugarcane tissue culture seedlings are adopted, and the sugarcane stems are cut into single-bud stem sections or double-bud stem sections to serve as sugarcane seeds of single-plant sugarcanes, so that the healthy sugarcane seedlings have the advantages of high growth speed, strong tillering force, high stem forming rate, high yield, less seed consumption and the like, and the defect of low sugarcane yield caused by degeneration of sugarcane seeds can be reduced by newly planting the healthy sugarcane seedlings in a sugarcane field; the perennial root sugarcane can be used for reseeding, and due to the high growth speed, the influence of the perennial root sugarcane and silage corn on growth can be avoided, and the age limit of the perennial root sugarcane can be prolonged. Because the shading phenomenon is easily formed in the sugarcane field, if the sugarcane or corn seeds are directly planted at the seedling lacking position when seedlings are lacking in the sugarcane field, the growth of the reseeded seedlings is delayed compared with the original newly planted seedlings, and the reseeded seedlings are easily suppressed by the original newly planted seedlings. When newly planted sugarcane or corn is replanted, the sugarcane seedlings or corn seedlings in the outermost rows or columns on the periphery of the sugarcane field are transplanted to the internal seedling shortage position for seedling replenishment, the survival rate of the transplanted sugarcane seedlings and corn seedlings is high, the growth period of the transplanted sugarcane seedlings and corn seedlings is the same as that of the sugarcane seedlings and corn seedlings in the same row, and the problem that the replanted seedlings are pressed by the early-stage newly planted seedlings can be effectively avoided; and around the sugarcane field, because of the shade-free phenomenon, new corn seeds are sown, the growth of the new corn seeds is not influenced by the new seedlings planted in the early stage, only the harvesting period is different from the new corns planted in the early stage, the new corns are directly reserved, the harvested corn is used as the seeds for planting the corn in the second year, and the phenomenon that the corn in the second year is lack of seeds can also be compensated.
3. According to research, the fresh sugarcane tail tips contain 71.9 percent of water and 28.1 percent of dry matter, and the dry matter contains 7.13 percent of crude protein, 3.56 percent of crude fat, 32.45 percent of crude fiber, 51.44 percent of floating nitrogen extract and 5.42 percent of mineral matter. The invention takes fresh sugarcane tail tips or silage prepared from the fresh sugarcane tail tips as pig feed, thereby not only solving the environmental problem caused by the sugarcane tail tips, but also improving the economic benefit caused by the treatment of the sugarcane tail tips. The silage whole-plant corn is rich in nutrition, contains rich protein, mineral elements and vitamins, contains isoflavone substances and multiple growth and reproduction factors, also contains a large amount of crude fibers, and can be added into pig feed by taking the silage whole-plant corn as a feed raw material, so that the feed conversion rate can be obviously improved, the growth performance of pigs can be improved, and the lean meat percentage of pork can be improved. Compared with other feeds, the sugarcane tail tips and the silage whole-plant corn can also greatly reduce the pig raising cost and increase the income of farmers. The silage corns are planted in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of the sugarcane, the growth period of the silage corns is short, the growth of the sugarcane is not influenced, and the whole silage corns can be harvested in the middle growth stage of the sugarcane to be used as the pig feed so as to make up the phenomenon that the pigs cannot be fed with the feed before the sugarcane is harvested.
4. The silage corn and the sugarcane tail tips are cut short and crushed and then sprayed with microbial liquid for processing to prepare silage, and a plurality of beneficial bacterial groups in the microbial liquid can absorb a large amount of organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen which are difficult to utilize by pigs in the silage corn and the sugarcane tail tips so as to convert the organic nitrogen and the inorganic nitrogen into mycoprotein with high nutritional ingredients. The microbial bacteria can produce a large amount of protease, lipase, amylase, cellulolytic enzyme and the like in fermentation, and various enzymes can degrade complex organic matters in the silage corn and the sugarcane tail tips, so that digestion and absorption are promoted, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved. The beneficial bacteria enter intestines and stomach of the pig along with the feed, and can enhance the immunity of the pig and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The fermentation conversion treatment of the sugarcane tail tips or the silage corns by using the microbial bacteria can reduce the content of crude fiber in the sugarcane tail tips or the silage corns by times than that of unfermented fibers and improve the content of crude protein by times than that of unfermented fibers. The silage is sour and fragrant in smell, soft and juicy, good in palatability, rich in nutrition, beneficial to long-term storage, and capable of guaranteeing the requirement of pig feeding on the feed when no fresh feed source exists.
5. The black soldier fly is used for treating the excrement of the pigs and the chickens, and the black soldier fly can efficiently convert organic matters in the excrement into protein components of the black soldier fly, so that excrement accumulation and excrement odor are reduced, houseflies are prevented from breeding, and the excrement is loosened and is more suitable for being used as a fertilizer; the hermetia illucens can also degrade harmful substances and pathogenic bacteria in excrement, so that the excrement is really harmlessly, resourcefully and decreasingly changed, the ecological environment is improved, and the development of low-carbon environment-friendly green agriculture is promoted. Before utilizing black soldier fly to handle the excrement and urine of pig and chicken, utilize EM fungus, broken wall enzyme earlier to handle excrement and urine, the cell wall that can quick enzymolysis organic matter, with excrement and urine fermentation degradation to the degree that does benefit to black soldier fly larva and get the food, need not to add other nutrients, can utilize the nutrient composition synthetic protein and the fat in the excrement and urine fast when black soldier fly inoculates to on excrement and urine. Because the time from the eggs to the pupae of the hermetia illucens is very short, when a large amount of excrement needs to be treated, the excrement is treated by the hermetia illucens alone, and the degradation effect is limited; utilize EM fungus, broken wall enzyme and heisui river horsefly to handle excrement and urine jointly, the effect of handling is better, efficiency is better, and EM fungus, broken wall enzyme exist and both accelerated faecal degradation, also promoted heisui river horsefly's growth. EM bacteria and wall-breaking enzyme exist in excrement all the time, the excrement containing the EM bacteria and the wall-breaking enzyme is prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer, and the EM bacteria and the wall-breaking enzyme enter soil along with the application of the bio-organic fertilizer, so that the number of microorganisms in the soil can be increased, germs can be inhibited, the soil can be improved, and the absorption and utilization of sugarcane and corn on the bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted. The addition of ferrous sulfate in the feces is also beneficial to reducing the odor generated in the feces treatment process. Each generation of hermetia illucens screens partial strong hermetia illucens to lay eggs so as to hatch a new generation of hermetia illucens larvae, enough hermetia illucens are guaranteed to be available for processing continuous excrement, and the screened new generation of hermetia illucens has stronger capacity of processing the excrement and producing protein feed. Adding biological carbon into the excrements treated by the hermetia illucens, wherein the biological carbon can absorb partial moisture, so that the humidity of the excrements is reduced, and then, the mixture of the excrements and the biological carbon is dried under the low-temperature condition, so that the preservation of the biological organic fertilizer is facilitated, and the activities of EM (effective microorganisms) and wall-breaking enzymes are maintained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a display diagram of a sugarcane field planting and breeding combined test base.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding is to plant corn in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of sugarcane, process fresh silage corn and sugarcane tail tips into pig feed, and dry straws to prepare biological carbon; building a pigsty for raising pigs and a chicken house for raising chickens beside the sugarcane field, wherein the cleaning waste liquid and the pig urine of the pigsty and the chicken house are used for drip irrigation of the sugarcane field, and the excrement of the pigs and the chickens are used for raising hermetia illucens; the produced hermetia illucens are used for feeding chickens, the chickens are hatched and then are firstly housed in a chicken house to the sugarcane elongation period, and then the chickens are released to a sugarcane field; the feces treated by the hermetia illucens and the biochar are prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field to provide nutrient components for the growth of sugarcane and silage corn.
The method is characterized in that excrement of pigs and chickens is used for breeding hermetia illucens, and the excrement treated by the hermetia illucens and biological carbon are prepared into the biological organic fertilizer together with the following specific steps:
(1) cleaning the pigsty and the chicken coop every 1-3 days, transferring the pig manure of the pigsty and the chicken manure of the chicken coop to a manure urinal, adding EM (effective microorganisms), ferrous sulfate and wall breaking enzyme into the pig manure and the chicken manure, uniformly mixing, adjusting the humidity of the mixed material to 65-75%, and performing fermentation treatment in a manure pond for 24-48 hours; each time the feces is moved in is distinguished from the feces moved in, it is preferably treated in different cuvettes in sequence.
(2) And turning over the fermented pig manure and chicken manure, paving, and inoculating 5-8-day-old hermetia illucens larvae into the manure to treat the manure.
(3) Separating the black soldier fly preputial after the black soldier fly enters the pupa period, and screening out the preputial with fuller individuals from the separated preputial to keep breeding adults so as to breed eggs of the black soldier fly and cultivate a new generation of the black soldier fly; after adult hermetia illucens prepupa lay eggs in an adult egg laying room, killing the adult hermetia illucens prepupa uniformly, airing and crushing the adult hermetia illucens, wherein the obtained hermetia illucens powder is used for feeding chickens; the hermetia illucens eggs are incubated in the spawning chamber and are uniformly bred for 5-8 days, and the spawning chamber is provided with a cooling and heating air conditioner, an exhaust fan and a humidifier to control the temperature and the humidity of the spawning chamber, so that a proper environment is provided for incubation of the hermetia illucens eggs and growth of larvae.
(4) The part of prepupa which is not kept for breeding is dried in the air and then is crushed into powder, and the powder is matched and mixed with other chicken feeds for feeding the chickens.
(5) And (4) adding biological carbon powder into the excrement residue obtained after the black soldier fly prepupa is separated in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and drying at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.
The wall-breaking enzyme is a mixed enzyme formed by mixing cellulase and hemicellulase.
The method for interplanting the corn in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of the sugarcane comprises the following steps:
(1) in 1-2 months of the first year, deeply ploughing a sugarcane field for 40-45cm to prepare the sugarcane field and applying a biological organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and in 3-4 months, sowing sugarcane and corn on the sugarcane field, wherein one row of sugarcane and one row of corn are planted.
(2) 10-15 days after the corn is sowed, checking the germination condition of the corn, and transferring the outmost 1-2 rows of corn seedlings on the periphery of each sugarcane field to the positions where the corn seedlings are absent in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement; and (4) checking the germination condition of the sugarcane seeds 25-30 days after the sugarcane seeds are sowed, and transferring the outermost 1-2 rows of sugarcane seedlings on the periphery of each sugarcane field to the positions of the sugarcane seedlings lacking in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement.
(3) And after the seedling supplementing is finished, new corn seeds are sown again at the positions of the corn seedlings or the sugarcane seedlings which are moved away around the sugarcane field.
(4) When the corns in the sugarcane field grow to the milk stage-wax stage, harvesting the whole corn plants in the sugarcane field and processing the whole corn plants into pig feed; and (4) continuously planting the corn reseeded in the later period around the sugarcane field, harvesting the corn seeds as seeds for interplanting the corn in the second year after the corn is mature, and preparing the corn straws and the dried sugarcane leaves into the biochar.
(5) Harvesting sugarcane at the bottom of 12 months in the first year to 1 month in the second year, reserving perennial roots, and processing the tail tips of the sugarcane into pig feed; continuously sowing corns at the positions where the corns are planted on the sugarcane field one year after the sugarcanes are harvested, checking the germination condition of the corns 10-15 days after the corns are sowed, and moving the outermost 1-2 rows of corn seedlings on the periphery of each sugarcane field to the positions where the corn seedlings are lacking in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement; and then reseeding new corn seeds at the positions where the corn seedlings are removed.
(6) After the perennial root sugarcane germinates, reseeding the perennial root sugarcane lacking the pocket; perennial root sugarcane is reseeded every year.
(7) The sugarcane field is renovated after the perennial root sugarcane is left for 2-3 years, and corns are planted among sugarcane rows again according to the steps; and exchanging the planting positions of the sugarcane and the corn after each renovation so as to realize crop rotation of the sugarcane and the corn.
The newly planted sugarcane and the perennial root sugarcane are both planted by adopting first-generation sugarcane stems planted by sugarcane tissue culture seedlings, and the sugarcane stems are cut into single-bud stem sections or double-bud stem sections to be used as sugarcane seeds of single-plant sugarcanes.
During the period from the beginning of harvesting the silage corns to the end of harvesting the silage corns, cutting part of the harvested silage whole corns by a hay cutter every day, crushing the cut silage whole corns by a crusher, repeatedly kneading the crushed silage corns for 20-40 minutes by a kneading machine, and then adding other nutritional ingredients to mix evenly so as to be directly used for feeding pigs.
Besides meeting the pig feeding requirement of the day, the silage corn harvested every day is prepared from other fresh silage corns, and the silage corn prepared from the silage corns is matched with other nutrient components to feed the pigs in the period from the harvest of the silage corn to the harvest of the sugarcane. The specific steps for preparing silage from silage corn are as follows:
(1) cutting the harvested silage whole corn plants by a hay cutter, and crushing by a crusher.
(2) Spraying microbial liquid on the crushed silage corns, stirring and uniformly mixing the crushed silage corns, adjusting the water content of the silage corns to be 50-60%, putting the silage corns into a plastic bag, compacting and sealing the plastic bag, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days under the condition of keeping out of the sun.
When silage is prepared from silage corns, microorganisms in the microorganism bacterial liquid are prepared by mixing candida utilis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus coagulans, lactic acid bacteria, white rot fungi, trichoderma viride and streptococcus faecalis in a ratio of 2:2:1:1:2:1:1: 1.
Collecting the tail tips of the sugarcanes from the beginning to the end of the harvesting of the sugarcanes, cutting part of the harvested tail tips of the sugarcanes by a hay cutter every day, crushing the cut tail tips of the sugarcanes by a crusher, repeatedly kneading the crushed tail tips of the sugarcanes for 20-40 minutes by a kneader, and then adding other nutritional ingredients to mix evenly so as to be directly used for feeding pigs.
The collected sugarcane tail tips every day meet the requirement of feeding pigs on the day, other fresh sugarcane tail tips are made into silage, and during the period from the sugarcane harvesting completion to the time before silage corns are harvested, the silage made from the sugarcane tail tips is matched with other nutritional ingredients to feed the pigs. The specific steps for preparing the silage from the sugarcane tail tips are as follows:
(1) the tail tip of the sugarcane is cut short by a hay cutter and then crushed by a crusher.
(2) Spraying microbial liquid on the crushed sugarcane tail tips, stirring and uniformly mixing the crushed sugarcane tail tips, adjusting the water content of the sugarcane tail tips to be 50-60%, putting the sugarcane tail tips into a plastic bag, compacting and sealing the plastic bag, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days under the condition of keeping out of the sun.
When the sugarcane tail tips are used for preparing silage, microorganisms in the microbial solution are prepared by mixing candida utilis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus coagulans, lactic acid bacteria, white rot fungi, trichoderma viride and streptococcus faecalis in a ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1: 1.
The method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding enters a trial operation stage in the test base of the applicant in south-Guangxi city, a pigsty and a chicken house are built and put into use, and sugarcane and corn are sown, as shown in figure 1.
Claims (1)
1. A method for realizing ecological cycle by combining sugarcane field planting and breeding is characterized in that corns are planted among sugarcane fields in the early growth stage of the sugarcane, fresh silage corns and sugarcane tail tips are processed into pig feed, and straws are dried to prepare biological carbon; building a pigsty for raising pigs and a chicken house for raising chickens beside the sugarcane field, wherein the cleaning waste liquid and the pig urine of the pigsty and the chicken house are used for drip irrigation of the sugarcane field, and the excrement of the pigs and the chickens are used for raising hermetia illucens; the produced hermetia illucens are used for feeding chickens, the chickens are hatched and then are firstly housed in a chicken house to the sugarcane elongation period, and then the chickens are released to a sugarcane field; the feces treated by the hermetia illucens and the biochar are prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer is applied to a sugarcane field to provide nutrient components for the growth of sugarcane and silage corn;
the method is characterized in that excrement of pigs and chickens is used for breeding hermetia illucens, and the excrement treated by the hermetia illucens and biological carbon are prepared into the biological organic fertilizer together with the following specific steps:
(1) adding EM bacteria, ferrous sulfate and wall breaking enzyme into pig manure and chicken manure, uniformly mixing, adjusting the humidity of the mixed material to 65-75%, and performing fermentation treatment in a manure pool for 24-48 hours; the wall-breaking enzyme is a mixed enzyme formed by mixing more than two of cellulase, hemicellulase, xylanase, arabinase, beta-glucanase or diastase;
(2) turning over the fermented pig manure and chicken manure, paving, and inoculating 5-8-day-old hermetia illucens larvae into the manure to treat the manure;
(3) separating the black soldier fly preputial after the black soldier fly enters the pupa period, and screening out the preputial with fuller individuals from the separated preputial to keep breeding adults so as to breed eggs of the black soldier fly and cultivate a new generation of the black soldier fly; after adult hermetia illucens prepupa lay eggs in an adult egg laying room, killing the adult hermetia illucens prepupa uniformly, airing and crushing the adult hermetia illucens, wherein the obtained hermetia illucens powder is used for feeding chickens;
(4) directly feeding the part of prepupa which is not bred to the chickens, or airing the prepupa, crushing the prepupa into powder, and mixing the powder with other chicken feeds to feed the chickens;
(5) adding biological carbon powder into the excrement residue obtained after the black soldier fly prepupa is separated in the step (3), uniformly mixing, and drying at the temperature of 45-55 ℃ to obtain a biological organic fertilizer;
the method for interplanting the corn in the sugarcane field in the early growth stage of the sugarcane comprises the following steps:
1) in 1-2 months of the first year, deep ploughing and preparing sugarcane fields and applying a biological organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, in 3-4 months, sowing sugarcane and corn on the sugarcane fields, and enabling one row of sugarcane to be aligned with one row of corn;
2) 10-15 days after the corn is sowed, checking the germination condition of the corn, and transferring the corn seedlings around the sugarcane field to the positions where the corn seedlings are absent in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement; 25-30 days after the sugarcane seeds are sowed, checking the germination condition of the sugarcane seeds, and transplanting sugarcane seedlings around the sugarcane field to the positions, which lack the sugarcane seedlings, in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement;
3) after the seedling supplementing is finished, new corn seeds are sown again at the positions where the corn seedlings or the sugarcane seedlings are moved away around the sugarcane field;
4) when the corns in the sugarcane field grow to the milk stage-wax stage, harvesting the whole corn plants in the sugarcane field and processing the whole corn plants into pig feed; continuously planting the corn reseeded in the later period around the sugarcane field, harvesting the corn seeds as seeds for interplanting the corn in the second year after the corn is mature, and preparing biological carbon from corn straws and dried sugarcane leaves;
5) harvesting sugarcane at the bottom of 12 months in the first year to 1 month in the second year, reserving perennial roots, and processing the tail tips of the sugarcane into pig feed; continuously sowing corns in the positions where the corns are planted on the sugarcane field one year after the sugarcane is harvested, checking the germination condition of the corns 10-15 days after the corns are sowed, and transferring the corn seedlings around the sugarcane field to the positions where the corn seedlings are not planted in the sugarcane field for seedling supplement; sowing new corn seeds again at the position where the corn seedlings are removed;
6) after the perennial root sugarcane germinates, reseeding the perennial root sugarcane lacking the pocket; the perennial root sugarcane is reseeded every year;
7) the sugarcane field is renovated after the perennial root sugarcane is left for 2-3 years, and silage corns are planted among sugarcane rows according to the steps; the planting positions of the sugarcane and the silage corn are exchanged after each renovation so as to realize the crop rotation of the sugarcane and the silage corn;
the newly planted sugarcane and the perennial root sugarcane are both planted by adopting a first generation sugarcane stem planted by a sugarcane tissue culture seedling, and the sugarcane stem is cut into a single-bud stem section or a double-bud stem section to be used as a sugarcane seed of a single sugarcane;
the fresh silage corns and the sugarcane tail tips are processed into the pig feed, namely the fresh silage corns or the silage prepared from the fresh silage corns are used as the pig feed between the harvest time of the silage corns and the harvest time of the sugarcanes; fresh sugarcane tail tips or silage made of the fresh sugarcane tail tips are used as pig feed between a sugarcane harvesting period and a silage corn harvesting period;
the specific steps for preparing silage from fresh silage corn are as follows:
(1) cutting the harvested silage whole corn plants by a hay cutter, and crushing by a crusher;
(2) spraying microbial liquid on the crushed silage corns, stirring and uniformly mixing the crushed silage corns, adjusting the water content of the silage corns to be 50-60%, putting the silage corns into a plastic bag, compacting and sealing the silage corns, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days under the condition of keeping out of the sun;
the specific steps for preparing silage from fresh sugarcane tail tips are as follows:
(1) cutting short sugarcane tail tips by a hay cutter and crushing by a crusher;
(2) spraying microbial liquid on the crushed sugarcane tail tips, stirring and uniformly mixing the crushed sugarcane tail tips, adjusting the water content of the sugarcane tail tips to be 50-60%, putting the sugarcane tail tips into a plastic bag, compacting and sealing the plastic bag, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 8-12 days under the condition of keeping out of the sun;
the microorganisms in the microorganism liquid comprise candida, bacillus subtilis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus coagulans, lactobacillus, white rot fungi, trichoderma viride and streptococcus faecalis.
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Application publication date: 20201020 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Jinsheng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046666 Denomination of invention: A Method of Combining Planting and Breeding in Sugarcane Field to Realize Ecological Circulation Granted publication date: 20220408 License type: Common License Record date: 20231109 Application publication date: 20201020 Assignee: Nanning Micheng Food Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046295 Denomination of invention: A Method of Combining Planting and Breeding in Sugarcane Field to Realize Ecological Circulation Granted publication date: 20220408 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |