CN111783234B - Method and system for establishing extrusion process window of as-cast titanium alloy - Google Patents
Method and system for establishing extrusion process window of as-cast titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy. A method of establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy, the method of establishing comprising: performing a one-fire extrusion test of a two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) to obtain an extrusion sample; carrying out microstructure analysis on the extruded sample, and counting to obtain alpha phase spheroidization percentage data; carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the two-phase region one-fire extrusion test of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) to obtain simulation analysis data; and drawing a contour map of the relation between the alpha-phase spheroidization volume percentage and the forging thermal parameter according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data, namely obtaining the extrusion process window of the cast TC4 alloy spheroidization. The extrusion process window of the as-cast TC4 alloy one-fire spheroidization shows the range of forging thermal parameters of the as-cast titanium alloy with the original structure being a lamella, wherein spheroidization occurs in the (alpha + beta) two-phase region one-fire extrusion process to form an equiaxed structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of as-cast titanium alloy hot processing, in particular to a method and a system for establishing an extrusion process window of as-cast titanium alloy.
Background
1) The interface energy of alpha phase and beta phase in the titanium alloy lamellar structure is highly anisotropic, the structure stability is very high, and the lamellar structure cannot be spheroidized or equiaxial through the cyclic annealing treatment at the temperature close to the isomorphous transformation temperature. But the spheroidization of the alpha phase of the lamella can be transformed into the equiaxed alpha phase only by carrying out large plastic deformation in a two-phase region below the phase transformation point. However, as-cast TC4 alloy has poor plasticity and is prone to defects such as cracking and local flow, and it is generally necessary to perform β forging above the transformation point to improve the plasticity of as-cast TC4 alloy, and then perform large deformation in the two-phase region to spheroidize the α phase. Moreover, in order to obtain a uniform and fine equiaxial α -structure, repeated upsetting-elongation processes, such as those disclosed in patent nos. CN 105177478A, CN 107217163 a and CN 107952922A, are required to be performed in multiple cycles of β -forging and two-phase region forging, which results in a large energy loss. Therefore, the invention proposes direct forming by two-phase zone one-fire extrusion of as-cast TC4 alloy. The blank is almost completely restricted by a tool during extrusion forming, so that the material can be formed under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress, and the plasticity of the material is improved to a greater extent; the alloy becomes compact, which is beneficial to the breaking of cast lamellar structure and the dynamic recrystallization of crystal grains; in addition, the two-phase region gives larger deformation to the alloy once, and the spheroidization of the alpha phase of the sheet layer is possible to be converted into the equiaxial alpha phase.
2) The spheroidization condition, the spheroidization mechanism and the spheroidization dynamics of the titanium alloy sheet structure are hot spots of domestic and foreign researches, and the deformation required to be reached when the sheet structure is spheroidized and the influence rule of the temperature and the strain rate on the spheroidization process are obtained through the researches of unidirectional compression, torsion, tensile test and the like. Actually, the processing mode also has a great influence on the spheroidization process of the titanium alloy, and foreign scholars compare the influence of the processing modes such as twisting, repeated twisting, stretching and the like on the spheroidization process of the VT9 alloy. Therefore, the invention fully considers the influence of the three-dimensional compressive stress state on the spheroidization process of the as-cast TC4 alloy, carries out the extrusion test, and analyzes the spheroidization of the as-cast TC4 alloy in the two-phase region by one-fire extrusion based on the extrusion test.
3) At present, the finite element numerical simulation technology is widely applied to the field of plastic processing, and compared with the traditional empirical design method, the finite element numerical simulation technology can obtain the distribution and evolution conditions of key thermal parameters in a blank, and plays an increasingly greater role in the aspects of process design and product quality control. The invention combines the test and the simulation to simulate the one-fire extrusion process of the as-cast TC4 alloy, obtains the forging thermal parameters such as the temperature and the equivalent strain in the extrusion blank, the evolution and the distribution condition of the temperature and the equivalent strain, and the like, and compares the evolution and the distribution condition with the test result to obtain the forging thermal parameter range such as the temperature and the equivalent strain for generating alpha-phase spheroidization and the temperature and the strain track of the material for generating alpha-phase spheroidization in the extrusion deformation area, and establishes the one-fire extrusion spheroidization processing window of the two-phase area of the as-cast TC4 alloy: the temperature of the forging thermal parameters and the equivalent strain in the deformation process are taken as variables, a contour map of the relation between the alpha phase spheroidization percentage and the forging thermal parameters is drawn, and the alpha phase spheroidization condition of the as-cast TC4 alloy under different temperature and strain conditions can be displayed. The processing window can provide support for developing TC4 alloy ingot casting extrusion cogging process design and optimization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy, which can realize spheroidization and formation of an equiaxial structure in the two-phase region one-fire extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) with a lamellar original structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method of establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy, the method of establishing comprising:
performing a one-fire extrusion test of a two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) to obtain an extrusion sample;
carrying out microstructure analysis on the extruded sample, and counting to obtain spheroidization percentage data and experimental data;
carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain simulation analysis data;
and drawing a contour map of the relation between the alpha-phase spheroidization volume percentage and the forging thermal parameters according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data.
Optionally, the performing of the as-cast titanium alloy (α + β) two-phase region one-fire extrusion test to obtain an extrusion sample specifically includes:
cutting cylindrical samples on a titanium alloy ingot, wherein the number of the cylindrical samples is 4-8;
the titanium alloy ingot is a high-quality cylindrical ingot obtained by smelting in a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace;
the cross section of the titanium alloy ingot is distributed with three typical crystal regions: the surface fine grain region, the columnar grain region and the central equiaxial grain region, and the cut samples are positioned in the same crystal region;
the diameter D of the cylindrical sample is more than or equal to 5DgWherein d isgThe average size of crystal grains in each crystal area is observed on the cross section of the ingot;
heating the cylindrical sample, and heating the as-cast titanium alloy in a heating furnace to (920-1000) +/-10 ℃;
the method of warm charging is adopted, and the heating time t is as follows: calculating t ═ Dx (1.2-2) min, wherein D is the diameter of the cylindrical blank and the unit is mm;
preheating a mould at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ and 300 ℃;
transferring the sample, transferring the sample: transferring the sample heated to the temperature from the heating furnace to an extrusion container on a hydraulic press, wherein the transfer time is less than or equal to 10 s;
performing an extrusion experiment on a hydraulic machine, wherein the extrusion ratio is determined to be 5-7, and the extrusion speed is 10-15 mm/s;
and air cooling the extruded as-cast titanium alloy sample.
Optionally, the performing finite element simulation analysis on the as-cast titanium alloy hot extrusion process to obtain simulation analysis data specifically includes:
splitting a sample obtained by an extrusion test along a longitudinal section, and selecting a plurality of different observation points on the longitudinal section;
observing and measuring the tissue of the observation point to obtain measurement data;
-performing statistics on the balling volume percentage of said measured data of the observation points where balling occurs.
Optionally, the performing finite element simulation analysis on the as-cast titanium alloy hot extrusion process to obtain simulation analysis data specifically includes:
2D finite element simulation analysis is carried out on the process of the as-cast titanium alloy extrusion test;
and counting the forging thermal parameters of the observation points;
the finite element simulation boundary conditions include: heat transfer coefficient between the sample and air: 20 (W.m)-2·K-1) (ii) a The heat exchange coefficient of the sample with the extrusion head and the extrusion cylinder is as follows: 2000 (W.m)-2·K-1) (ii) a Coefficient of friction of the sample with the extrusion head and the extrusion barrel: 0.3; the forging thermal parameters of the observation points mainly comprise temperature and equivalent strain data.
An extrusion process window creation system for an as-cast titanium alloy, the creation system comprising:
the extrusion test module is used for carrying out a one-fire extrusion test of a two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) to obtain an extrusion sample;
the data processing module is used for analyzing the microstructure of the extruded sample, counting to obtain spheroidization percentage data and obtaining experimental data;
the analysis data module is used for carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain simulation analysis data;
and the contour map module is used for drawing a contour map of the relation between the spheroidized volume percentage and the forging thermal parameters according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides a method and a system for establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy. Carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the experimental data to obtain simulation analysis data; and drawing a contour map of the relation between the alpha-phase spheroidization volume percentage and the forging thermal parameter according to the simulation analysis data and the forging thermal parameter value. The cast titanium alloy with the original structure being a lamella can be spheroidized in the two-phase zone one-fire extrusion process to form an equiaxed structure, wherein the equiaxed structure is formed by distributing more than 40% of equiaxed alpha phase on a beta transition matrix.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for establishing an extrusion process window for an as-cast titanium alloy according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the composition of an as-cast titanium alloy extrusion process window creation system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of a crystal region of a cylindrical ingot with a diameter of 700mm of an as-cast titanium alloy provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an extrusion die provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a sample extruded at 940 ℃ according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of temperature and equivalent strain in a longitudinal section when a heating temperature of the as-cast titanium alloy sample provided by the present invention is 940 ℃;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a processing window for two-phase zone one-fire extrusion spheroidization of the as-cast titanium alloy (α + β) provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy, which can realize spheroidization of the as-cast titanium alloy with a lamellar original structure in a two-phase region one-fire extrusion process to form an equiaxial structure.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy, the method comprising:
step 100: performing a one-fire extrusion test of a two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) to obtain an extrusion sample;
step 200: carrying out microstructure analysis on the extruded sample, and counting to obtain spheroidization percentage data to obtain experimental data;
step 300: carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain simulation analysis data;
step 400: and drawing a contour map of the relation between the alpha-phase spheroidization volume percentage and the forging thermal parameters according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data, wherein the contour map is shown in FIG. 7.
The method for carrying out the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) two-phase region one-fire extrusion test to obtain the extrusion sample specifically comprises the following steps:
cutting cylindrical samples on a titanium alloy ingot, wherein the number of the cylindrical samples is 4-8;
the titanium alloy ingot is a high-quality cylindrical ingot obtained by smelting in a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace;
the cross section of the titanium alloy ingot is distributed with three typical crystal regions: the surface fine grain region, the columnar grain region and the central equiaxial grain region, and the cut samples are positioned in the same crystal region; as shown in fig. 3, the cut samples are all located in the columnar grain regions;
the diameter D of the cylindrical sample is more than or equal to 5DgWherein d isgThe average size of crystal grains in each crystal area is observed on the cross section of the ingot, so that the extrusion test result is consistent with the actual process engineering, and the defect of large deviation between the traditional small sample thermal simulation test and the actual process result is overcome.
Heating the cylindrical sample, and heating the as-cast titanium alloy in a heating furnace to (920-1000) +/-10 ℃;
the method of warm charging is adopted, and the heating time t is as follows: and (D) x (1.2-2) min, wherein D is the diameter of the cylindrical blank and is in mm.
Preheating the mold at 200-300 ℃.
Transferring the sample, transferring the sample: transferring the sample heated to the temperature from the heating furnace to an extrusion container on a hydraulic press, wherein the transfer time is less than or equal to 10 s;
performing an extrusion experiment on a hydraulic machine, wherein the extrusion ratio is determined to be 5-7, and the extrusion speed is 10-15 mm/s;
as shown in FIG. 4, the extrusion speed is 15mm/s in an extrusion die diagram with an extrusion ratio of 6, an extrusion angle of 90 degrees and an extrusion belt length of 20 mm;
and air-cooling the extruded cast titanium alloy sample, wherein the extruded sample is shown in FIG. 5.
The finite element simulation analysis of the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy is carried out, and the acquisition of simulation analysis data specifically comprises the following steps:
splitting a sample obtained by an extrusion test along a longitudinal section, and selecting a plurality of different observation points on the longitudinal section;
observing and measuring the tissue of the observation point to obtain measurement data;
-performing statistics on the balling volume percentage of said measured data of the observation points where balling occurs.
The finite element simulation analysis of the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy is carried out, and the acquisition of simulation analysis data specifically comprises the following steps:
2D finite element simulation analysis is carried out on the process of the as-cast titanium alloy extrusion test;
and counting the forging thermal parameters of the observation points;
the finite element simulation boundary conditions include: heat transfer coefficient between the sample and air: 20 (W.m)-2·K-1) (ii) a The heat exchange coefficient of the sample with the extrusion head and the extrusion cylinder is as follows: 2000 (W.m)-2·K-1) (ii) a Coefficient of friction of the sample with the extrusion head and the extrusion barrel: 0.3; the forging thermal parameters of the observation points mainly comprise temperature and equivalent strain data.
The temperature and equivalent strain distribution cloud in the cross section of the as-cast titanium alloy sample obtained by the simulation is shown in fig. 6.
An extrusion process window creation system for an as-cast titanium alloy, the creation system comprising:
the extrusion test module is used for carrying out a one-fire extrusion test of a two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy (alpha + beta) to obtain an extrusion sample;
the data processing module is used for analyzing the microstructure of the extruded sample, counting to obtain spheroidization percentage data and obtaining experimental data;
the analysis data module is used for carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain simulation analysis data;
and the contour map module is used for drawing a contour map of the relation between the spheroidized volume percentage and the forging thermal parameters according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data.
Claims (4)
1. A method for establishing an extrusion process window of an as-cast titanium alloy, the method comprising:
performing a one-fire extrusion test in an alpha + beta two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain an extrusion sample;
carrying out microstructure analysis on the extruded sample, and counting to obtain spheroidization percentage data and experimental data;
carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain simulation analysis data, wherein the simulation analysis data comprises forging thermal parameter values;
drawing a contour map of the relation between the alpha-phase spheroidization volume percentage and the forging thermal parameter according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data;
the method comprises the following steps of performing a one-fire extrusion test in an alpha + beta two-phase region of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain an extrusion sample:
cutting cylindrical samples on a titanium alloy ingot, wherein the number of the cylindrical samples is 4-8;
the titanium alloy ingot is a high-quality cylindrical ingot obtained by smelting in a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace;
the cross section of the titanium alloy ingot is distributed with three typical crystal regions: the surface fine grain region, the columnar grain region and the central equiaxial grain region, and the cut samples are positioned in the same crystal region;
the diameter D of the cylindrical sample is more than or equal to 5DgWherein d isgThe average size of crystal grains in each crystal area is observed on the cross section of the ingot;
heating the cylindrical sample, and heating the as-cast titanium alloy in a heating furnace to (920-1000) +/-10 ℃;
the method of warm charging is adopted, and the heating time t is as follows: calculating t ═ Dx (1.2-2) min;
preheating a mould at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ and 300 ℃;
transferring the sample, transferring the sample: transferring the sample heated to the temperature from the heating furnace to an extrusion container on a hydraulic press, wherein the transfer time is less than or equal to 10 s;
performing an extrusion experiment on a hydraulic machine, wherein the extrusion ratio is determined to be 5-7, and the extrusion speed is 10-15 mm/s;
and air cooling the extruded sample.
2. The method for establishing the extrusion process window of the as-cast titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the microstructure of the extrusion sample and obtaining the spheroidization percentage data by statistics specifically comprises the following steps:
splitting a sample obtained by an extrusion test along a longitudinal section, and selecting a plurality of different observation points on the longitudinal section;
observing and measuring the tissue of the observation point to obtain measurement data;
-performing statistics on the balling volume percentage of said measured data of the observation points where balling occurs.
3. The method for establishing the extrusion process window of the as-cast titanium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the step of performing finite element simulation analysis on the as-cast titanium alloy hot extrusion process to obtain simulation analysis data specifically comprises:
2D finite element simulation analysis is carried out on the process of the as-cast titanium alloy extrusion test;
and counting the forging thermal parameters of the observation points;
the finite element simulation boundary conditions include: heat transfer coefficient between the sample and air: 20 (W.m)-2·K-1) (ii) a The heat exchange coefficient of the sample with the extrusion head and the extrusion cylinder is as follows: 2000 (W.m)-2·K-1) (ii) a Coefficient of friction of the sample with the extrusion head and the extrusion barrel: 0.3; the forging thermal parameters of the observation points mainly comprise temperature and equivalent strain data.
4. An as-cast titanium alloy extrusion process window creation system, comprising:
extrusion test module for alpha of titanium alloy in as-cast conditionCarrying out a one-fire extrusion test in the beta two-phase region to obtain an extrusion sample; the extrusion test module is used for cutting cylindrical samples on the titanium alloy ingot, and the number of the cylindrical samples is 4-8; the titanium alloy ingot is a high-quality cylindrical ingot obtained by smelting in a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace; the cross section of the titanium alloy ingot is distributed with three typical crystal regions: the surface fine grain region, the columnar grain region and the central equiaxial grain region, and the cut samples are positioned in the same crystal region; the diameter D of the cylindrical sample is more than or equal to 5DgWherein d isgThe average size of crystal grains in each crystal area is observed on the cross section of the ingot; heating the cylindrical sample, and heating the as-cast titanium alloy in a heating furnace to (920-1000) +/-10 ℃; the method of warm charging is adopted, and the heating time t is as follows: calculating t ═ Dx (1.2-2) min; preheating a mould at the preheating temperature of 200 ℃ and 300 ℃; transferring the sample, transferring the sample: transferring the sample heated to the temperature from the heating furnace to an extrusion container on a hydraulic press, wherein the transfer time is less than or equal to 10 s; performing an extrusion experiment on a hydraulic machine, wherein the extrusion ratio is determined to be 5-7, and the extrusion speed is 10-15 mm/s; air cooling the extruded sample;
the data processing module is used for analyzing the microstructure of the extruded sample, counting to obtain spheroidization percentage data and obtaining experimental data;
the analysis data module is used for carrying out finite element simulation analysis on the hot extrusion process of the as-cast titanium alloy to obtain simulation analysis data including forging thermodynamic parameter values;
and the contour map module is used for drawing a contour map of the relation between the alpha-phase spheroidization volume percentage and the forging thermal parameter according to the simulation analysis data and the experimental data.
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Effective date of registration: 20230306 Address after: 234200 No. 8, phase 4, bearing industrial park, North Development Zone, Lingbi County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province Patentee after: Anhui Hanzheng Bearing Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710000 No. 127 Youyi West Road, Beilin District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: Northwestern Polytechnical University |
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