CN111781076A - Integrated tester and testing method for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite material - Google Patents
Integrated tester and testing method for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite material Download PDFInfo
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of material testing, in particular to an integrated tester and a testing method for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of a composite material. The device can simultaneously meet the integrated test requirements of the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material, has comprehensive test indexes, has the advantages of high efficiency and mobility, is convenient for field test, and objectively evaluates the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material testing, in particular to an integrated tester and a testing method for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of a composite material.
Background
With the acceleration and the updating of power equipment and the acceleration and the packing of aircrafts such as high-performance transport planes, supersonic fighters, high-speed helicopters and the like by China air force, the increasingly severe problem of controlling the vibration noise of the aircraft cabins is brought. On the other hand, for surface ships and submarines with continuously-increased operational scale and capacity, along with the great enhancement of the complexity of the threat target, how to improve the vibration reduction, noise reduction and shock resistance of the surface ships and submarines so as to meet the harsh requirements of concealment, habitability and safety becomes an urgent problem to be solved in the development of naval equipment in China. Because the composite material has the structural characteristics of light weight and high strength and excellent mechanical property, the material is considered as a key material for solving the problems of vibration, noise and impact of air force and navy equipment in China.
However, at present, people are rare to carry out vibration-damping, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated research on composite materials, and most of the previous experimental research aiming at new materials artificially separates the vibration-damping performance experiment, the noise-reducing performance experiment and the impact-resisting performance experiment. For example, patent CN 106768540A designs a damping efficiency test platform, which can simulate vibrations of different amplitudes and frequencies to debug the active damping device, but which can only test the damping characteristics of the device. Patent CN108593270A develops a single-degree-of-freedom vibration damping device testing platform based on the principle of hammering method, which can test the stiffness and damping ratio of the vibration damping device, but the excitation mode is limited to hammering. The patent CN 106289824A designs a device for testing the sound radiation characteristic of a free-state train wheel, and the device is excited by impact of a steel ball and has a single excitation mode; in addition, the device is in an open environment, and the echo effect cannot be effectively reduced. Patent CN 109000877 a develops an impact testing system which can effectively prevent secondary impact in experiments. The above patents are limited to testing certain characteristics of materials or equipment, and cannot achieve comprehensive evaluation. In the aspect of comprehensive characteristic test, a temperature and impact comprehensive test bench is designed in patent CN 208506074U, and the thermal-impact performance of the material can be comprehensively tested. Patent CN 107966259A proposes an impact performance testing device for fiber reinforced composite thin-walled member under thermal environment. Patent CN 108760205A develops a self-excited impact-vibration composite test device, which can perform comprehensive test of impact-vibration composite mechanical characteristics, but still needs to be used in cooperation with a vibration table, and cannot realize portability. Although the above related patents achieve comprehensive tests in some aspects, the integration level is still not high, and the research on vibration, noise and impact characteristics cannot be simultaneously carried out.
The vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance are separately tested, so that the testing efficiency is not high, and the inherent characteristic parameters of the tested sample are easily changed due to the adjustment of the installation boundary condition and the testing field, so that the testing accuracy is seriously influenced. However, most of the existing test instruments on the market only perform tests on a certain property of a material, and if the vibration-damping, noise-reducing and impact-resisting properties of the material need to be known, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed to build an experimental system, so that the used test system and test instrument are too large in size, extremely high in cost, not suitable for being used in an engineering field, and lack of an effective test method for efficiently, quickly and accurately obtaining the vibration-damping, noise-reducing and impact-resisting properties of the composite material. The defects of the testing instrument and the testing method seriously affect the objective judgment of scientific and technical personnel of military research and development units in China on the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance of the high-performance composite material, and seriously restrict the development pace of developing new generation of air force and naval weapon equipment in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an integrated tester and a testing method for the shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of a composite material.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the integrated tester for the shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material comprises a reverberation box, a noise reduction box, an upper box body, a lower box body, a supporting and connecting platform body, a high-power high-pitch horn, a front power amplifier, a pure rear power amplifier, a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics, a piezoelectric ceramic driving power supply, a shot centrifugal accelerating ejection device, a plurality of groups of shot sensors, a telescopic supporting frame, a snake-shaped telescopic thin tube, a laser displacement sensor, a high-speed camera, a plurality of sound pressure sensors, a shot recovery device and a data acquisition instrument;
the bottom of the silencing box is provided with a rectangular opening, the periphery and the top surface of the silencing box are of a multilayer sound absorption structure, the inner layer and the outer layer of the silencing box are steel plates, glass fiber cotton is filled in the middle of the silencing box to serve as a sound absorption material, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the silencing box and the outer steel plate; a rectangular door frame is arranged in front of the silencing box, and a sound insulation door is arranged in the rectangular door frame;
the reverberation box adopts a multilayer damping structure, the top of the reverberation box is provided with a rectangular opening, the inner layer and the outer layer of the reverberation box are also steel plates, fine sand damping materials are filled in the middle of the reverberation box, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the reverberation box and the outer layer of the steel plates; the ball top surfaces with different radiuses are arranged on the inner walls of the front, the back, the left and the right of the reverberation box, so that the sound energy density in the reverberation box is equal everywhere; a rectangular door frame is arranged in front of the reverberation box; a rectangular opening is reserved at the top of the reverberation box, a lower plate of the frame-shaped pressing plate fixture is fixed in the reverberation box, an upper plate floats to adapt to plates with different thicknesses, and holes need to be punched on four sides of the composite plate test piece and the corresponding frame-shaped pressing plate fixture;
the two box bodies of the reverberation box and the silencing box are connected through a bolt group and can be used separately, when the two box bodies need to be used separately, the box bodies are sealed through the upper box body supporting and connecting table body and the lower box body supporting and connecting table body, and the reverberation box or the silencing box is arranged on the upper box body supporting and connecting table body and the lower box body supporting and connecting table body;
the telescopic support frame is provided with a non-contact laser displacement sensor, a plurality of microphones and a high-speed camera, and is matched with a data acquisition instrument for use, so that time domain data of vibration, noise sound pressure and impact deformation of the composite material to be detected are recorded, and parameters such as dynamic stiffness, sound absorption coefficient, sound insulation coefficient and impact impedance are obtained after data processing;
the sounding surface of the high-pitch horn is a rectangular plane, and the sounding surface of the high-pitch horn is arranged on the bottom surface of the reverberation box and is used for providing a noise excitation signal with sufficient energy and controllable excitation intensity and excitation frequency;
the piezoelectric ceramics are used as vibration exciters, each group of piezoelectric ceramics is fixed on a buckle at the front end in the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube when not used, the conductive wires of the piezoelectric ceramics are also distributed in the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube, the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube can be folded and contracted in hole channels on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, the piezoelectric ceramics can be connected with the output end of a piezoelectric ceramics driving power supply through a plurality of groups of hole channels, and the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs; when vibration excitation is needed, multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of the tested MLFLHL composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, and the snakelike telescopic thin tubes can be fixed on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, so that a uniform sound field in the reverberation box can be ensured as much as possible;
the shot centrifugal acceleration ejection device is a small-sized high-speed rotating device, is integrated outside the reverberation box, is connected with the centrifugal device and the injection pipe through a metal hose, realizes ejection after centrifugal acceleration, and performs impact excitation at any point on a composite material plate; the rotation speed of centrifugal acceleration is changed, the excitation energy of ejection impact can be controlled, and deformation or penetrating impact of the tested composite material can be caused; when the impact speed is low, the projectile sensor falls into the projectile recovery device at the bottom of the lower box body; when the impact speed is high, the composite material is penetrated through and impacted by the shot sensor, and then the shot sensor is shot into a shot recovery device at the upper part of the silencing box and captured by the shot recovery device;
the projectile recovery device is fixed on the upper surface of the silencing box and the lower surface of the reverberation box, is mainly a foam solid prepared from chemical agents such as polyether polyethanol, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a cell opening agent and the like, and can play a role in recovering and protecting a projectile sensor emitted by the ejection device.
A certain number of hole channels are reserved on the peripheral side walls of the silencing box, the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs, and sound-absorbing wedges are further installed on the box walls.
And white enamel paint is brushed on the inner surface of the reverberation box.
A rectangular door frame is further arranged in front of the reverberation box, a soundproof door is arranged in the rectangular door frame, and rubber sealing strips are arranged on the periphery of the rectangular door frame.
The noise excitation signal comprises multiple excitation types of white noise random, simple harmonic and pulse.
The test method of the integrated tester for the shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a tested MLFLHL composite material test piece into a frame-shaped pressing plate clamp and screwing a bolt for fixing;
(2) respectively arranging excitation sources excited by vibration, noise and impact in place and adjusting the excitation sources to a standby state;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of a tested composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, a signal output channel of a data acquisition instrument is controlled to send out a pulse excitation signal, the pulse excitation signal is amplified by a piezoelectric ceramic driving power supply, the control of the vibration excitation amplitude and the vibration excitation frequency of the plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics is realized according to the inverse piezoelectric effect principle, then the multipoint vibration excitation effect is generated on the tested composite material test piece, and after debugging is finished, the excitation signal is turned off and is in a standby state;
controlling a second signal output channel of the data acquisition instrument to send out a random excitation signal with controllable excitation frequency range, connecting the signal with the input end of a high-pitch horn after passing through a front power amplifier and a pure rear power amplifier, exciting the high-pitch horn to generate a random noise excitation effect, debugging the random noise excitation effect to reach the set noise excitation amplitude and frequency range, and closing the excitation signal to be in a standby state;
starting the projectile centrifugal accelerating ejection device and adjusting the projectile centrifugal accelerating ejection device to reach the required rotation speed, and keeping the high-speed stable rotation of the device to enable the projectile sensor to be in a state to be ejected;
(3) respectively arranging a displacement sensor, a plurality of sound pressure sensors and a high-speed camera to the concerned measuring point position so as to effectively obtain the vibration response, the sound pressure signal, the impact deformation and the response signal of the tested composite material test, connecting the sensors through an input channel of a data acquisition instrument, and realizing the real-time recording and storage of different signals;
positioning the projectile recovery device to be near a predetermined impact point, and preparing to receive a projectile sensor;
(4) carrying out noise excitation, carrying out experiments under different test parameters according to the principle that the excitation amplitude is from small to large and the random frequency range is from small to large, recording the noise radiation sound pressure and the vibration response performance of the tested composite material sheet under the single noise excitation through the laser displacement sensor and the plurality of sound pressure sensors, and evaluating the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the tested composite material sheet under different noise excitation test parameters;
(5) carrying out vibration excitation, carrying out experiments under different test parameters according to the principles that the number of excitation points is from small to large, the excitation amplitude is from small to large, and the excitation frequency range is from small to large, recording the noise radiation sound pressure and the vibration response performance of the tested composite material sheet under the independent vibration excitation through the laser displacement sensor and the plurality of sound pressure sensors, and evaluating the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the tested composite material sheet under different vibration excitation test parameters;
(6) finally, carrying out noise excitation, vibration excitation and impact excitation, carrying out vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance integrated test in the sequence of impact excitation, developing the experiment under different test parameters, recording different types of data through a laser displacement sensor, a plurality of sound pressure sensors and a high-speed camera, calculating key indexes, and comprehensively and accurately evaluating the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance;
according to the principle that the excitation amplitude is from small to large and the random frequency range is from small to large, random noise excitation of different test parameters is performed, and the noise sound pressure in the two boxes is tested by utilizing a plurality of sound pressure sensors, so that the sound absorption coefficients and the sound insulation coefficients of the tested composite material test piece in different excitation amplitudes and frequency ranges are finally obtained;
controlling a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics to generate pulse vibration excitation according to the principles that the number of excitation points is from small to large, the excitation amplitude is from small to large, and the excitation frequency range is from small to large, and testing by a laser displacement sensor; respectively obtaining a logarithmic decrement, a damping ratio of each order and dynamic stiffness of each order by performing time domain VMD analysis processing and frequency spectrum analysis processing on the signals;
according to the sequence of the impact excitation speed from small to large, impact excitation tests are carried out at different impact excitation positions, the damage area and the pit depth of the tested composite material test piece are recorded through a high-speed camera, the impact impedance is measured through a force sensor, and an impact contact force-structure displacement curve and the like are drawn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention can simultaneously meet the integrated test requirements of the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material, has comprehensive test indexes, has the advantages of high efficiency and mobility, is convenient for field test, and objectively evaluates the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material. The designed telescopic supporting frame can be used for conveniently arranging a non-contact laser displacement sensor, a microphone and a high-speed camera, is convenient to be matched with a data acquisition instrument for use, records the vibration, noise sound pressure and time domain data of impact deformation of the tested composite material, and obtains parameters such as dynamic stiffness, sound insulation coefficient and impact impedance after data processing. Meanwhile, a shot sensor capturing device is designed, the photoelectric gate detects the entrance of the shot sensor and controls the opening and closing of the recovery device door, and the foam material in the device has a good stopping effect on the shot sensor (11), so that the safety of equipment and personnel during impact experiments is ensured, and the recovery of the shot sensor is realized. The upper surface and the lower surface of the designed connecting table body are respectively provided with the silencing wedge and the spherical reflecting surface, and the silencing box and the reverberation box which can be independently used are arranged between the upper box body and the lower box body to meet the requirement of common acoustic test, thereby achieving the dual-purpose of separate and combined test and reducing the cost of the instrument.
(2) A certain number of hole channels are reserved on the peripheral side walls of the silencing box, so that power supply lines and signal lines of the sensor and related instruments can be conveniently connected with external data acquisition instruments, power supplies and other equipment.
(3) The bottom of the silencing box is provided with a rectangular opening, the periphery and the top surface of the silencing box are of a multilayer sound absorption structure, the inner layer and the outer layer of the silencing box are steel plates, glass fiber cotton is filled in the middle of the silencing box to serve as a sound absorption material, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the silencing box and the outer steel plate; the front of the silencing box is also provided with a rectangular door frame, and a sound insulation door is arranged in the rectangular door frame so as to conveniently install and unload a tested fiber metal mixed laminated material test piece with a micropore viscoelastic material and other composite material plate test pieces, and simultaneously facilitate the installation, arrangement and taking out of vibration, acoustic sensors and other experimental equipment.
(4) The inner surface of the reverberation box is painted with white enamel, so that the sound absorption coefficient in the reverberation box can be reduced. The reverberation box adopts a multilayer damping structure, the top of the reverberation box is provided with a rectangular opening, the inner layer and the outer layer of the reverberation box are also steel plates, fine sand damping materials are filled in the middle of the reverberation box, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the reverberation box and the outer layer of the steel plates, so that the reverberation box achieves a good sound insulation effect on the outside; in order to improve the sound field diffusion effect in the reverberation box, ball top surfaces with different radiuses are further installed on the inner walls of the front, the rear, the left and the right sides of the reverberation box, so that sound waves can be well reflected from different directions to the greatest extent, and therefore the sound energy density in the reverberation box is equal everywhere. In addition, in order to conveniently install the sensor and the test piece, a rectangular door frame is also arranged in front of the reverberation box, a sound insulation door is arranged in the door frame, and rubber sealing strips are arranged around the door frame. And a rectangular opening is reserved at the top of the reverberation box so as to conveniently mount and fix the tested MLFLHL composite material plate test piece. In order to prevent acoustic energy inside the reverberation box from leaking to the muffling box from four sides of the rectangular opening, holes are also punched on the four sides of the composite material plate test piece and the corresponding frame-shaped pressing plate fixture, and the test material plate is effectively fixed through four-side fixing and movement of the fixture without leakage. But for the effective test area of the tested plate test piece, the size of the opening is small, and the test piece can be firmly fixed through the bolts on the frame-shaped pressing plate. Therefore, the performance influence of the size and the position of the opening on the effective test area of the tested plate test piece can be ignored during research.
(5) The non-contact laser displacement sensor, the microphones and the high-speed camera are arranged on the telescopic supporting frame, so that the non-contact laser displacement sensor, the microphones and the high-speed camera are convenient to be matched with a data acquisition instrument for use, time domain data of vibration, noise sound pressure and impact deformation of the composite material to be detected are recorded, and parameters such as dynamic stiffness, sound absorption coefficient, sound insulation coefficient, impact impedance and the like are obtained after data processing.
(6) The piezoelectric ceramic has the unique advantages of small structural size, light additional mass (for the light composite material to be tested, the additional mass influence of a vibration exciter must be reduced as much as possible), high excitation frequency and easy realization of multipoint vibration excitation. Therefore, multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramics are selected as vibration exciters in experiments. When not in use, each group of piezoelectric ceramics is fixed on a buckle at the front end inside the snake-shaped telescopic tubule (the electric lead is also distributed in the tubule), the snake-shaped telescopic tubule can be folded and contracted in hole channels on the peripheral inner wall of the reverberation box (the output ends of the piezoelectric ceramics and the piezoelectric ceramics driving power supply can be connected through a plurality of groups of hole channels), and the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs. When vibration excitation is needed, multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of the tested MLFLHL composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, and the snake-shaped telescopic thin tubes can be fixed on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, so that a uniform sound field in the reverberation box can be ensured as much as possible. When vibration and noise excitation is carried out on the MLFLHL composite material test piece at the same time, the test effect cannot be influenced due to the randomly distributed wires.
(7) The projectile recovery device is fixed on the upper surface of the silencing box and the lower surface of the reverberation box, is mainly a foam solid made of chemical agents such as polyether polyethanol, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a pore-opening agent and the like, can play a role in recovering and protecting a projectile sensor (11) emitted by the ejection device, and has the characteristics of high strength, large pore-opening degree, fragile pore wall and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external profile view of an integrated tester system for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a punching channel of the integrated tester system for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the internal structure of the integrated tester system for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a perforated fixture in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite material according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a snake-shaped retractable tubule in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a shot recycling device in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a retractable supporting frame of the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite material according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a foldable protection frame in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite material according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the supporting and connecting table body of the upper and lower box bodies of the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite material according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the shot centrifugal accelerating ejection device and the injection pipe in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material according to the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1 — anechoic box; 2-reverberation box; 3-a rectangular door frame; 4-a telescopic support frame; 5-sound pressure sensor; 6-laser displacement sensor; 7-high speed camera; 8, a shot recovery device; 9-ball top surface; 10-high power high pitch horn; 11-projectile sensor; 12-a jet pipe; 13-shot centrifugal accelerating ejection device; 14-frame-shaped platen clamp; 15-snake-shaped telescopic thin tube; 16-a sealing plug; 17-the upper and lower boxes support the connecting table body; 18-piezoelectric ceramics.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples and drawings.
FIG. 1 is an external outline drawing of a composite material vibration-reducing, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated tester system, FIG. 2 is a punching channel drawing of the composite material vibration-reducing, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated tester system, FIG. 3 is an internal structure drawing of the composite material vibration-reducing, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated tester system, FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing of a punched clamp in the composite material vibration-reducing, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated tester, FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a retractable serpentine tubule in the composite material vibration-reducing, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated tester, FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing of a projectile recovery device in the composite material vibration-reducing, noise-resisting and impact-resisting integrated tester, FIG. 7 is a retractable supporting frame of the composite material vibration-reducing, noise-reducing and impact-resisting integrated tester, according to an embodiment of the present invention Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a foldable protection shelf in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a supporting and connecting table for upper and lower boxes in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a centrifugal accelerated ejection device for shot in the integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials, and the centrifugal accelerated ejection device is connected with an ejection tube, as shown in the figure:
the integrated tester for the shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material comprises a reverberation box 2, a silencing box 1, an upper box body supporting and connecting platform body 17, a high-power high-pitch horn 10, a front power amplifier, a pure rear power amplifier, a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics 18, a piezoelectric ceramic driving power supply, a shot centrifugal accelerating ejection device 13, a plurality of groups of shot sensors 11, a telescopic supporting frame 4, a snake-shaped telescopic thin tube 15, a laser displacement sensor 6, a high-speed camera 7, a plurality of sound pressure sensors 5, a shot recovery device 8 and a data acquisition instrument;
the bottom of the silencing box 1 is provided with a rectangular opening, the periphery and the top surface of the silencing box are of a multilayer sound absorption structure, the inner layer and the outer layer of the silencing box are steel plates, glass fiber cotton is filled in the middle of the silencing box to serve as a sound absorption material, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the silencing box and the outer steel plate; a rectangular door frame 3 is arranged in front of the silencing box, and a sound insulation door is arranged in the rectangular door frame 3;
the reverberation box 2 adopts a multilayer damping structure, the top of the reverberation box is provided with a rectangular opening, the inner layer and the outer layer of the reverberation box are also steel plates, fine sand damping materials are filled in the middle of the reverberation box, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the reverberation box and the outer layer of the reverberation box; the spherical top surfaces 9 with different radiuses are arranged on the inner walls of the front, the rear, the left and the right of the reverberation box 2, so that the sound energy density in the reverberation box 2 is equal everywhere; a rectangular door frame 3 is arranged in front of the reverberation box 2; a rectangular opening is reserved at the top of the reverberation box 2, the lower plate of the frame-shaped pressing plate clamp 14 is fixed in the reverberation box 2, the upper plate floats to adapt to plates with different thicknesses, and holes need to be punched on four sides of a composite plate test piece and the corresponding frame-shaped pressing plate clamp;
the two box bodies of the reverberation box 2 and the silencing box 1 are connected through a bolt group and can be used separately, when the two box bodies need to be used separately, the box bodies are sealed through the upper box body supporting and connecting table body 17 and the lower box body supporting and connecting table body 17, and the reverberation box 2 or the silencing box 1 is arranged on the upper box body supporting and connecting table body 17 and the lower box body supporting and connecting table body 17;
a non-contact laser displacement sensor, a plurality of microphones and a high-speed camera are arranged on the telescopic supporting frame 4, and after the telescopic supporting frame is matched with a data acquisition instrument for use, time domain data of vibration, noise sound pressure and impact deformation of the composite material to be detected are recorded, and parameters such as dynamic stiffness, sound absorption coefficient, sound insulation coefficient and impact impedance are obtained after data processing;
the sound-emitting surface of the high-pitch horn 10 is a rectangular plane, and the sound-emitting surface of the high-pitch horn is arranged on the bottom surface of the reverberation box and is used for providing a noise excitation signal with sufficient energy and controllable excitation intensity and excitation frequency;
the piezoelectric ceramics 18 are used as vibration exciters, each group of piezoelectric ceramics is fixed on a buckle at the front end inside the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube 15 when not used, the conductive wires of the piezoelectric ceramics are also distributed in the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube 15, the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube 15 can be folded and contracted in hole channels on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, the piezoelectric ceramics can be connected with the output end of a piezoelectric ceramics driving power supply through a plurality of groups of hole channels, and the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs 16; when vibration excitation is needed, multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of the tested MLFLHL composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, and the snakelike telescopic thin tubes can be fixed on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, so that a uniform sound field in the reverberation box can be ensured as much as possible;
the shot centrifugal acceleration ejection device 13 is a small-sized high-speed rotating device, is integrated outside the reverberation box, is connected with the centrifugal device and the injection pipe 12 through a metal hose, realizes ejection after centrifugal acceleration, and performs impact excitation at any point on a composite material plate, a sensor is arranged inside the shot sensor 11, and is embedded with a wireless emission device, and the receiving end of the shot sensor is connected with a data acquisition instrument, so that the impact contact force of the shot sensor during impact can be conveniently acquired; the rotation speed of centrifugal acceleration is changed, the excitation energy of ejection impact can be controlled, and deformation or penetrating impact of the tested composite material can be caused; when the impact speed is low, the shot sensor 11 falls into the shot recovery device at the bottom of the lower box body; when the impact speed is high, after the composite material is penetrated and impacted by the shot sensor, the shot sensor 11 is shot into the shot recovery device 8 at the upper part of the silencing box and is captured by the shot recovery device;
the projectile recovery device 8 is fixed on the upper surface of the silencing box and the lower surface of the reverberation box, is mainly a foam solid made of chemical agents such as polyether ethanol, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a cell opening agent and the like, and can play a role in recovering and protecting the projectile sensor 11 emitted by the ejection device.
A certain number of hole channels are reserved on the peripheral side wall of the silencing box 1, the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs 16, and sound-absorbing wedges are further mounted on the box wall.
And white enamel is painted on the inner surface of the reverberation box 2.
The front of the reverberation box is also provided with a rectangular door frame 3, a soundproof door is arranged in the rectangular door frame 3, and rubber sealing strips are arranged around the door frame.
The noise excitation signal comprises multiple excitation types of white noise random, simple harmonic and pulse.
The test method of the integrated tester for the shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a tested MLFLHL composite material test piece into a frame-shaped pressing plate clamp and screwing a bolt for fixing;
(2) respectively arranging excitation sources excited by vibration, noise and impact in place and adjusting the excitation sources to a standby state;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of a tested composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, a signal output channel of a data acquisition instrument is controlled to send out a pulse excitation signal, the pulse excitation signal is amplified by a piezoelectric ceramic driving power supply, the control of the vibration excitation amplitude and the vibration excitation frequency of the plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics is realized according to the inverse piezoelectric effect principle, then the multipoint vibration excitation effect is generated on the tested composite material test piece, and after debugging is finished, the excitation signal is turned off and is in a standby state;
controlling a second signal output channel of the data acquisition instrument to send out a random excitation signal with controllable excitation frequency range, connecting the signal with the input end of a high-pitch horn after passing through a front power amplifier and a pure rear power amplifier, exciting the high-pitch horn to generate a random noise excitation effect, debugging the random noise excitation effect to reach the set noise excitation amplitude and frequency range, and closing the excitation signal to be in a standby state;
starting the projectile centrifugal accelerating ejection device and adjusting the projectile centrifugal accelerating ejection device to reach the required rotation speed, and keeping the high-speed stable rotation of the device to enable the projectile sensor to be in a state to be ejected;
(3) respectively arranging a displacement sensor, a plurality of sound pressure sensors and a high-speed camera to the concerned measuring point position so as to effectively obtain the vibration response, the sound pressure signal, the impact deformation and the response signal of the tested composite material test, connecting the sensors through an input channel of a data acquisition instrument, and realizing the real-time recording and storage of different signals;
positioning the projectile recovery device to be near a predetermined impact point, and preparing to receive a projectile sensor;
(4) carrying out noise excitation, carrying out experiments under different test parameters according to the principle that the excitation amplitude is from small to large and the random frequency range is from small to large, recording the noise radiation sound pressure and the vibration response performance of the tested composite material sheet under the single noise excitation through the laser displacement sensor and the plurality of sound pressure sensors, and evaluating the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the tested composite material sheet under different noise excitation test parameters;
(5) carrying out vibration excitation, carrying out experiments under different test parameters according to the principles that the number of excitation points is from small to large, the excitation amplitude is from small to large, and the excitation frequency range is from small to large, recording the noise radiation sound pressure and the vibration response performance of the tested composite material sheet under the independent vibration excitation through the laser displacement sensor and the plurality of sound pressure sensors, and evaluating the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the tested composite material sheet under different vibration excitation test parameters;
(6) finally, carrying out noise excitation, vibration excitation and impact excitation, carrying out vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance integrated test in the sequence of impact excitation, developing the experiment under different test parameters, recording different types of data through a laser displacement sensor, a plurality of sound pressure sensors and a high-speed camera, calculating key indexes, and comprehensively and accurately evaluating the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance;
according to the principle that the excitation amplitude is from small to large and the random frequency range is from small to large, random noise excitation of different test parameters is performed, and the noise sound pressure in the two boxes is tested by utilizing a plurality of sound pressure sensors, so that the sound absorption coefficients and the sound insulation coefficients of the tested composite material test piece in different excitation amplitudes and frequency ranges are finally obtained;
controlling a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics to generate pulse vibration excitation according to the principles that the number of excitation points is from small to large, the excitation amplitude is from small to large, and the excitation frequency range is from small to large, and testing by a laser displacement sensor; respectively obtaining a logarithmic decrement, a damping ratio of each order and dynamic stiffness of each order by performing time domain VMD analysis processing and frequency spectrum analysis processing on the signals;
according to the sequence of the impact excitation speed from small to large, impact excitation tests are carried out at different impact excitation positions, the damage area and the pit depth of the tested composite material test piece are recorded through a high-speed camera, the impact impedance is measured through a force sensor, and an impact contact force-structure displacement curve and the like are drawn.
Claims (6)
1. Combined material vibration/noise reduction shock resistance integration tester, its characterized in that: the shot centrifugal accelerating ejection device comprises a reverberation box (2), an anechoic box (1), an upper box body, a lower box body, a supporting and connecting platform body (17), a high-power high-pitch horn (10), a front power amplifier, a pure rear power amplifier, a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics (18), a piezoelectric ceramic driving power supply, a shot centrifugal accelerating ejection device (13), a plurality of groups of shot sensors (11), a telescopic supporting frame (4), a snake-shaped telescopic thin tube (15), a laser displacement sensor (6), a high-speed camera (7), a plurality of sound pressure sensors (5), a shot recovery device (8) and a data acquisition instrument;
the bottom of the silencing box (1) is provided with a rectangular opening, the periphery and the top surface of the silencing box both adopt a multilayer sound absorption structure, the inner layer and the outer layer of the silencing box are steel plates, glass fiber cotton is filled in the middle of the silencing box to be used as a sound absorption material, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the silencing box and the outer steel plate; a rectangular door frame (3) is arranged in front of the silencing box, and a sound insulation door is arranged in the rectangular door frame (3);
the reverberation box (2) adopts a multilayer damping structure, the top of the reverberation box is provided with a rectangular opening, the inner layer and the outer layer of the reverberation box are also steel plates, fine sand damping materials are filled in the middle of the reverberation box, and an air layer with a certain thickness is reserved between the reverberation box and the outer steel plate; the ball top surfaces (9) with different radiuses are arranged on the inner walls of the front, the rear, the left and the right sides of the reverberation box (2) to realize the equal sound energy density in the reverberation box (2) at all positions; a rectangular door frame (3) is arranged in front of the reverberation box (2); a rectangular opening is reserved at the top of the reverberation box (2), the lower plate of the frame-shaped pressing plate fixture (14) is fixed in the reverberation box (2), the upper plate floats to adapt to plates with different thicknesses, and holes need to be punched on four sides of the composite plate test piece and the corresponding frame-shaped pressing plate fixture;
the two box bodies of the reverberation box (2) and the silencing box (1) are connected through a bolt group and can be used separately, when the two box bodies need to be used separately, the box bodies are sealed through the upper box body supporting and connecting table body (17) and the lower box body supporting and connecting table body (17), and the reverberation box (2) or the silencing box (1) can be arranged on the upper box body supporting and connecting table body (17) and the lower box body supporting and connecting table body (17);
a non-contact laser displacement sensor, a plurality of microphones and a high-speed camera are arranged on the telescopic supporting frame (4), and after the telescopic supporting frame is matched with a data acquisition instrument for use, time domain data of vibration, noise sound pressure and impact deformation of the composite material to be detected are recorded, and parameters such as dynamic stiffness, sound absorption coefficient, sound insulation coefficient and impact impedance are obtained after data processing;
the sound-emitting surface of the high-pitch horn (10) is a rectangular plane, and the sound-emitting surface of the high-pitch horn is arranged on the bottom surface of the reverberation box and is used for providing a noise excitation signal with sufficient energy and controllable excitation intensity and excitation frequency;
the piezoelectric ceramics (18) are used as vibration exciters, each group of piezoelectric ceramics is fixed on a buckle at the front end inside the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube (15) when not used, the conductive wires of the piezoelectric ceramics are also distributed in the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube (15), the snake-shaped telescopic thin tube (15) can be folded and contracted in hole channels on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, the piezoelectric ceramics can be connected with the output end of a piezoelectric ceramics driving power supply through a plurality of groups of hole channels, and the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs (16); when vibration excitation is needed, multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of the tested MLFLHL composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, and the snakelike telescopic thin tubes can be fixed on the peripheral inner walls of the reverberation box, so that a uniform sound field in the reverberation box can be ensured as much as possible;
the shot centrifugal acceleration ejection device (13) is a small-sized high-speed rotating device, is integrated outside the reverberation box, is connected with the centrifugal device and the injection pipe (12) through a metal hose, realizes ejection after centrifugal acceleration, and carries out impact excitation at any point on a composite material plate, a sensor is arranged inside the shot sensor (11), a wireless transmitting device is embedded, and the receiving end of the wireless transmitting device is connected with a data acquisition instrument, so that the impact contact force of the shot sensor during impact can be conveniently acquired; the rotation speed of centrifugal acceleration is changed, the excitation energy of ejection impact can be controlled, and deformation or penetrating impact of the tested composite material can be caused; when the impact speed is low, the shot sensor (11) falls into a shot recovery device at the bottom of the lower box body; when the impact speed is high, after the composite material is penetrated and impacted by the shot sensor, the shot sensor (11) is shot into a shot recovery device (8) at the upper part of the silencing box and is captured by the shot recovery device;
the projectile recovery device (8) is fixed on the upper surface of the silencing box and the lower surface of the reverberation box, is mainly a foam-shaped solid prepared from chemical agents such as polyether polyethanol, a foam stabilizer, a catalyst, a foaming agent, a cell opening agent and the like, and can play a role in recovering and protecting a projectile sensor (11) emitted by the ejection device.
2. The integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a certain number of hole channels are reserved on the peripheral side wall of the silencing box (1), the hole channels are sealed by means of sealing plugs (16), and sound-absorbing wedges are further mounted on the box wall.
3. The integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inner surface of the reverberation box (2) is painted with white enamel.
4. The integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a rectangular door frame (3) is further arranged in front of the reverberation box, a soundproof door is arranged in the rectangular door frame (3), and rubber sealing strips are arranged on the periphery of the rectangular door frame.
5. The integrated tester for shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of composite materials according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the noise excitation signal comprises multiple excitation types of white noise random, simple harmonic and pulse.
6. The test method of the integrated tester for the shock absorption, noise reduction and impact resistance of the composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) installing a tested MLFLHL composite material test piece into a frame-shaped pressing plate clamp and screwing a bolt for fixing;
(2) respectively arranging excitation sources excited by vibration, noise and impact in place and adjusting the excitation sources to a standby state;
the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics are adhered to the lower surface of a tested composite material test piece through a high-strength adhesive, a signal output channel of a data acquisition instrument is controlled to send out a pulse excitation signal, the pulse excitation signal is amplified by a piezoelectric ceramic driving power supply, the control of the vibration excitation amplitude and the vibration excitation frequency of the plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics is realized according to the inverse piezoelectric effect principle, then the multipoint vibration excitation effect is generated on the tested composite material test piece, and after debugging is finished, the excitation signal is turned off and is in a standby state;
controlling a second signal output channel of the data acquisition instrument to send out a random excitation signal with controllable excitation frequency range, connecting the signal with the input end of a high-pitch horn after passing through a front power amplifier and a pure rear power amplifier, exciting the high-pitch horn to generate a random noise excitation effect, debugging the random noise excitation effect to reach the set noise excitation amplitude and frequency range, and closing the excitation signal to be in a standby state;
starting the projectile centrifugal accelerating ejection device and adjusting the projectile centrifugal accelerating ejection device to reach the required rotation speed, and keeping the high-speed stable rotation of the device to enable the projectile sensor to be in a state to be ejected;
(3) respectively arranging a displacement sensor, a plurality of sound pressure sensors and a high-speed camera to the concerned measuring point position so as to effectively obtain the vibration response, the sound pressure signal, the impact deformation and the response signal of the tested composite material test, connecting the sensors through an input channel of a data acquisition instrument, and realizing the real-time recording and storage of different signals;
positioning the projectile recovery device to be near a predetermined impact point, and preparing to receive a projectile sensor;
(4) carrying out noise excitation, carrying out experiments under different test parameters according to the principle that the excitation amplitude is from small to large and the random frequency range is from small to large, recording the noise radiation sound pressure and the vibration response performance of the tested composite material sheet under the single noise excitation through the laser displacement sensor and the plurality of sound pressure sensors, and evaluating the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the tested composite material sheet under different noise excitation test parameters;
(5) carrying out vibration excitation, carrying out experiments under different test parameters according to the principles that the number of excitation points is from small to large, the excitation amplitude is from small to large, and the excitation frequency range is from small to large, recording the noise radiation sound pressure and the vibration response performance of the tested composite material sheet under the independent vibration excitation through the laser displacement sensor and the plurality of sound pressure sensors, and evaluating the vibration reduction and noise reduction effects of the tested composite material sheet under different vibration excitation test parameters;
(6) finally, carrying out noise excitation, vibration excitation and impact excitation at last, carrying out vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance integrated test in the sequence of impact excitation, developing the experiment under different test parameters, recording different types of data through a laser displacement sensor, a plurality of sound pressure sensors and a high-speed camera, calculating key indexes, and comprehensively and accurately evaluating the vibration reduction, noise reduction and impact resistance;
according to the principle that the excitation amplitude is from small to large and the random frequency range is from small to large, random noise excitation of different test parameters is performed, and the noise sound pressure in the two boxes is tested by utilizing a plurality of sound pressure sensors, so that the sound absorption coefficients and the sound insulation coefficients of the tested composite material test piece in different excitation amplitudes and frequency ranges are finally obtained;
controlling a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramics to generate pulse vibration excitation according to the principles that the number of excitation points is from small to large, the excitation amplitude is from small to large, and the excitation frequency range is from small to large, and testing by a laser displacement sensor; respectively obtaining a logarithmic decrement, a damping ratio of each order and dynamic stiffness of each order by performing time domain VMD analysis processing and frequency spectrum analysis processing on the signals;
according to the sequence of the impact excitation speed from small to large, impact excitation tests are carried out at different impact excitation positions, the damage area and the pit depth of the tested composite material test piece are recorded through a high-speed camera, the impact impedance is measured through a force sensor, and an impact contact force-structure displacement curve and the like are drawn.
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