CN111778052A

CN111778052A - Dry distillation production process for solid fuel

Info

Publication number: CN111778052A
Application number: CN202010689658.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋剑春; 孙康; 孙云娟; 聂亚子; 吴佳奇; 刘善华; 邹彪
Original assignee: Anhui Linnong Times Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Linnong Times Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-17
Filing date: 2020-07-17
Publication date: 2020-10-16

Abstract

The invention aims to provide a dry distillation production process of solid fuel, which comprises the following steps: a. preparing materials: firstly, selecting solid biomass fuel, and respectively preparing sufficient fuel for a curve hot blast stove and dry distillation equipment according to a plan; b. starting system devices such as a DCS electric control cabinet system, instruments and meters and the like, and opening each specified normally-open electric control valve; c. sealing and feeding: starting a feeding screw conveyor, inputting qualified fuel into a bin from a first feeding screw conveyor, then sending the qualified fuel into a fuel filter from a second feeding screw conveyor, pushing the qualified fuel into a dry distillation machine barrel through a kickoff according to the specified feeding amount, and simultaneously starting a fan of a hot replacement air output pipe of the fuel filter and a carbon monoxide detector to supply gasification media for a curve hot blast stove; d. sealing and air supplying: and starting the rotary sealing element air pump pressure stabilizing sealing operation system.

Description

Dry distillation production process for solid fuel

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of dry distillation of solid fuels, in particular to a dry distillation production process of solid fuels.

Background

Biomass is the most potential renewable energy source recognized in the world, and the gas supply is implemented for individuals or communities by generally utilizing methane and biomass gas. Although the effect of the biogas is good, the biogas is limited by the range, and the biomass fuel gas with low heat value and low tar content is difficult to reach the standard and gradually exits the market. The biomass dry distillation technology is utilized to produce the dry distillation technology, and dry distillation fuel gas, tar, biomass charcoal and pyroligneous liquor are widely applied to various fields of national economy, so that the quality of the biomass fuel gas is improved, and byproducts provide very important raw materials for the chemical industry. Researchers develop a vertical biomass dry distillation device, a horizontal biomass dry distillation device and a corresponding production process in sequence.

In the existing dry distillation production process of solid fuels, a large amount of low-temperature air is easily mixed when the solid biomass fuels enter dry distillation equipment, and the low-temperature air cannot be completely removed, so that the internal temperature of the dry distillation equipment can be reduced when the low-temperature air enters the dry distillation equipment, the dry distillation equipment generates large temperature fluctuation, the dry distillation effect of the solid biomass fuels is influenced, and on the other hand, oxygen in the air can destroy the anaerobic environment in the dry distillation equipment after entering the dry distillation equipment, and the carbonization carbon yield is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a dry distillation production process of solid fuel, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a dry distillation production process of solid fuel comprises the following steps:

a. preparing materials: firstly, selecting solid biomass fuel, and respectively preparing sufficient fuel for a curve hot blast stove and dry distillation equipment according to a plan;

b. starting system devices such as a DCS electric control cabinet system, instruments and meters and the like, and opening each specified normally-open electric control valve;

c. sealing and feeding: starting a feeding screw conveyor, inputting qualified fuel into a bin from a first feeding screw conveyor, then sending the qualified fuel into a fuel filter from a second feeding screw conveyor, pushing the qualified fuel into a dry distillation machine barrel through a kickoff according to the specified feeding amount, and simultaneously starting a fan of a hot replacement air output pipe of the fuel filter and a carbon monoxide detector to supply gasification media for a curve hot blast stove;

d. sealing and air supplying: starting a rotary sealing element air pump pressure stabilizing sealing operation system;

e. air heating: starting a curve hot blast stove adopting a pneumatic feeding process to make air into hot air;

j. dry distillation of fuel: the hot air is heated in the curve hot air furnace and then is sent into the rotary sealing piece at the left end, flows through the first hollow spiral cylinder and releases heat energy for the fuel in the dry distillation machine barrel, and the heat-consumed air after releasing the heat energy returns to the curve hot air furnace through the rotary sealing piece at the right end to be reheated;

h. controlling the temperature of dry distillation: controlling the temperature according to the thermal chemical reaction process of the fuel in the dry distillation barrel in sections according to the temperature sensors;

i. and (3) switching of heating equipment: the fuel enters a dry distillation barrel, and after the fuel is heated between first hollow spiral sheets in a first hollow spiral barrel to carry out thermochemical reaction, dry distillation fuel gas is gradually generated and discharged from a fuel gas output pipe to a burner, when igniters at the top of the burner and a chimney display that the flame is full and erupts the flame, a burner blower is started to suck replacement hot gas output by a fuel filter, the replacement hot gas is heated for heat consumption air and enters a circulating heating program, and meanwhile, a curve hot blast stove is closed to operate;

j. when the heat is heated by the hot air, the redundant dry distillation fuel gas is conveyed to the related gas-using equipment through the fuel gas branch pipe;

k. carbon discharging: respectively starting a temperature-discharging carbon discharging device to discharge carbon in time according to the prompt of a biomass carbon level meter;

separating tar and pyroligneous liquor;

m, cooling, metering and packaging;

n, monitoring the operation condition of the series of devices of the solid fuel spiral dry distillation machine, and adjusting the material flow rate and the operation progress in time according to the prompt of a series of instruments;

pouring the sewage overflowing from the water condensing cylinder into a sewage tank in time;

p, when the machine is temporarily stopped to operate, closing the electrical equipment of the feeding equipment and the dry distillation equipment to operate, and instructing each normally open valve to enter a sealed state;

q, system maintenance and stopping operation according to requirements, successively and completely retorting the materials in the feeding equipment and the retort barrels, successively turning off the electrical equipment after discharging all the materials in the equipment body, and finally cutting off a main power supply of the DCS electric control cabinet;

and r, cleaning a working site, and maintaining system equipment.

The further improvement is that: and (b) preparing the mildew-free solid biomass fuel with the water content of 18-20% selected in the step (a), wherein the length of the selected solid biomass fuel is less than or equal to 30mm, the sand-soil content of the fuel is less than 1%, and the solid biomass fuel is free of agglomeration.

The further improvement is that: in the step c of sealed feeding, the content of carbon monoxide in the hot replacement air discharged by the fuel filter is less than 1/Nm³。

The further improvement is that: in the step h of dry temperature control, the temperatures of drying, dry distillation and oxidation of the solid fuel are respectively 350 degrees, 600 degrees and 1100 degrees.

The further improvement is that: in the step i, in the step of converting the heating equipment, the operation of the curve hot blast stove is stopped after the first hollow spiral cylinder continuously operates for 3min, and the ignition time of the generated pilot fire of the dry distillation fuel gas is not more than 3 min.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the dry distillation production process of the solid fuel adopts the design of a double-feeding screw conveyer, so that sealed feeding is realized in the front feeding process, and the air inclusion amount is reduced;

2. the production process for the dry distillation of the solid fuel mixes low-temperature air and high-temperature combustible gas in dry distillation equipment together through a fuel filter to form hot replacement air, and pumps the hot replacement air into a curve hot blast stove, so that the heat value of fuel gas in the curve hot blast stove is improved, a good combustion-supporting purpose is achieved, and energy is saved;

3. according to the solid and full fuel dry distillation production process, dry distillation fuel gas passes through the heating box, and when the dry distillation fuel gas in the heating box reaches a full state, the curve hot blast stove is closed, so that the conversion step of the heating equipment is completed, the dry distillation system enters a self-powered circulation heating working state, the solid fuel consumption is reduced, and energy is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solid fuel spiral retort machine;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fuel filter;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the switching door assembly;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the switching door assembly;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction of a dry distillation apparatus;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rotary seal configuration;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the oil seal device;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a temperature-releasing char-discharging device;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of shaft assembly of the temperature-discharging char-discharging apparatus;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a rotary joint in the temperature-releasing char-discharging device;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a carbon outlet pipe assembly;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a curved stove;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the dry distillation process;

in the figure: the device comprises a feeding device 100, a feeding auger 110 and a storage bin 120; a DCS electric control cabinet 200; power plant 300, bearing housing 310, first shaft 311, shaft housing 312;

the device comprises a pipe fitting 400, a hot air output pipe 410, a first blower 411, an air return pipe 412, an output branch pipe 413, a hot air input pipe 420, a fuel gas output pipe 430, a fuel gas branch pipe 431 and a heat consumption air output pipe 440;

the device comprises a fuel filter 500, a charging barrel 520, an inlet hole 521, a discharge conical pipe 522, an inclined plate 523, a fuel inlet pipe 524, an air output pipe 525, an electric valve plate 526, a material puller 530, a stainless steel filter screen 540, a triangular reinforcing ring 550, a second blower 560, a material level indicator 570 and a strip steel ring 580;

the door opening and closing assembly 510, a door cover 511, a turnover lug plate 512, a butterfly nut 513, a U-shaped groove 514, a pressure plate 515, a hand wheel 516, a lower hexagon bolt 517, a fixed lug plate 518 and an upper hexagon bolt 519;

the dry distillation device 600, the water condensing cylinder 610, the dry distillation machine barrel 630, the supporting legs 640 and the first hollow spiral piece 650;

the rotary sealing element 620, a cylinder cover 621, a connecting pipe 622, an operation cylinder 623, an oil sealing device 624, a sealing flange 6241, a tuyere 6242, an oil tank 6243, an air bag 6244, a rubber pad 6245, a graphite rope 6246, a gland 625, a reinforcing cylinder 626, a sealing ring 627, a hot air cylinder 628 and an overflowing hole 629;

the device comprises a temperature-relief carbon discharging device 700, an outer cylinder 710, an inner cylinder 720, a carbon feeding hopper 721, a first blind plate 722, a shaft sleeve 730, a second shaft 731, a bearing gland 732, a thrust ball bearing 733, a circular plate 734, a U-shaped bearing gland 735, a sealing gasket 736, a gear 737, a second blind plate 738, a water jacket 740, an outer cylinder water inlet pipe 741, an outer cylinder water outlet pipe 742, a shaft sleeve water inlet pipe 750, a carbon discharging pipe component 760, an upper conical pipe 761, a lower conical pipe 762, a blower fan 763, a straight pipe 764, a discharging pipe 765, a rotary joint 770, a water inlet bent pipe 771, a joint water outlet pipe 772 and a second hollow spiral sheet 780;

the device comprises a curve hot blast stove 800, a support 810, a charcoal box 820, a return air box 821, a heat consumption air box 822, a hot air box 823, a heat consumption air input pipe 830, a hot air pipe 840, a hopper 850, a feeding screw feeder 860, a blanking pipe 861, a spraying pipe 862, a heating chamber 870, an inlet 871, an outlet pipe 872, a fall baffle 873 and a heated plate 874;

a warming box 900, a chimney 910, an igniter 911 and a burner 920.

Detailed Description

To explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the technical solutions in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a solid fuel spiral dry distillation machine includes a feeding device 100, a fuel filter 500, a dry distillation device 600, a temperature-discharging and charcoal-discharging device 700, a curved hot-blast stove 800, a pipe 400 for connecting the devices and forming an airflow path, and a DCS electric cabinet 200 for controlling the devices to operate, where the feeding device 100 is used to seal and feed solid fuels (such as straws of agricultural and forestry crops, new firewood, shale sludge, and the like); the fuel filter 500 is used for performing heat replacement on air included in the solid fuel fed by the feeding device 100, and feeding the replaced air into the curved hot blast stove 800 to improve the calorific value of the fuel or the fuel gas for supporting combustion, and in addition, the fuel filter 500 feeds the solid fuel subjected to the heat replacement of the air into the dry distillation device 600; the dry distillation equipment 600 is used for performing high-temperature dry distillation on the solid fuel subjected to air heat replacement by the fuel filter 500, and the solid fuel is subjected to carbonization and cracking in a high-temperature oxygen-free environment to form biomass charcoal, dry distillation fuel gas, tar and other byproducts; the temperature-unloading and carbon-discharging device 700 cools and discharges the biomass carbon generated by the dry distillation equipment 600; the curved hot blast stove 800 is used for generating high-temperature air flow to provide a high-temperature heat source for the dry distillation equipment 600; the pipe 400 comprises a hot air output pipe 410 for introducing hot replacement air in the fuel filter 500 into the curve hot blast stove 800, a hot air input pipe 420 for inputting high-temperature air in the curve hot blast stove 800 into the dry distillation equipment 600, a hot air consumption output pipe 440 for returning hot air after heat energy is released from the dry distillation equipment 600 into the curve hot blast stove 800 for heating, and other branch pipes, wherein all the pipe 400 are provided with electric control valves.

The solid fuel spiral dry distillation machine further comprises a heating box 900, a burner 920 and a chimney 910 are mounted on the side wall of the heating box 900, the chimney 910 is close to the bottom of the heating box 900, an igniter 911 is mounted at a pipe orifice at the top of the chimney 910, a hot air input pipe 420 penetrates through the heating box 900, a hot air consumption output pipe 440 is communicated with the hot air input pipe 420, and the connection position of the hot air consumption output pipe 440 and the hot air input pipe 420 is located at the front end of the heating box 900.

The gas that dry distillation equipment 600 produced lets in with the incubator 900 in, some firearm 911 is used for detecting the gas volume in the incubator 900, when some firearm 911 shows that flame is full erupts flame, start combustor 920, and shut down curve hot-blast furnace 800, the automatically controlled valve on the inlet end of curve hot-blast furnace 800 and the end pipeline of giving vent to anger simultaneously, make the heat-consuming wind directly let in hot-blast input tube 420 and heat up by heating with the incubator 900, thereby make the system get into self-energized circulation heating operating condition, and then reduce solid fuel use amount, improve energy utilization efficiency.

The hot air output pipe 410 can be connected with the burner 920 through the output branch pipe 413, so as to change the flow direction of the hot air, and the hot replacement air is introduced into the warming box 900 to improve the heat value of the fuel gas in the warming box 900.

In this embodiment, the feeding apparatus 100 includes a bin 120 and two feeding screw conveyors 110, a feeding hopper is connected to a feeding end of the feeding screw conveyor 110 at the front end, a discharging end of the feeding screw conveyor 110 is connected to the top of the bin 120 for conveying the solid fuel in the feeding hopper to the bin 120, a feeding end of the feeding screw conveyor 110 at the rear end is communicated with the bottom of the bin 120, and a discharging end of the feeding screw conveyor 110 is connected to a fuel filter 500 for conveying the solid fuel in the bin 120 to the fuel filter 500, it should be reminded that the bin 120, the feeding screw conveyor 110 and the fuel filter 500 form a closed feeding environment, thereby achieving sealed feeding.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the fuel filter 500 includes a cylinder 520 for storing solid fuel, a fuel inlet pipe 524 at the top of the cylinder 520 is connected to the discharge end of the rear feeding auger 110, a discharge conical pipe 522 connected to the retort 600 is provided at the bottom of the cylinder 520, the solid fuel is fed into the retort 600 through the discharge conical pipe 522, the cylinder 520 is approximately inverted cone-shaped, air output pipes 525 communicated with the inner cavities of the cylinder 520 are respectively provided at the side walls of the cylinder 520, a second blower 560 is provided at the air output pipes 525, the air output pipes 525 are connected to the hot air output pipes 410, negative pressure is generated in the cylinder 520 by the second blower 560, the solid fuel is pumped into the air output pipes 525 under the action of the negative pressure during the feeding process, and simultaneously, the low-temperature air included in the cylinder is preheated to form high-temperature air under the action of high heat at the feeding port of the retort 600, the fuel filter 500 is novel in design, reasonable in structure, low in manufacturing cost, capable of continuously running without faults and suitable for fuel filtering operation of large dry distillation machines.

The section of the charging barrel 520 below the fuel inlet pipe 524 to the air outlet pipe 525 is provided with a stainless steel filter screen 540, the stainless steel filter screen 540 is used for preventing solid fuel from being sucked into the air outlet pipe 525 by the second blower 560, and further has a separation effect on the solid fuel, the stainless steel filter screen 540 can be cylindrical, but is not limited to be cylindrical, the specific installation mode of the stainless steel filter screen 540 is that a belt steel ring 580 is fixedly installed at the top end inside the charging barrel 520, a triangular reinforcing ring 550 is annularly arranged on the inner annular wall of the charging barrel 520 and below the air outlet pipe 525, and the stainless steel filter screen 540 is fixedly installed between the belt steel ring 580 and the triangular reinforcing ring 550.

An electric valve plate 526 for controlling blanking is arranged at the fuel inlet pipe 524; in order to facilitate quantitative discharging, a material puller 530 is arranged at the upper opening of the discharging conical pipe 522.

The barrel 520 is provided with an inclined plate 523 inclined from the inner annular wall toward the discharge tapered pipe 522, and the inclined plate 523 is used for directional discharge of the solid fuel to prevent the solid fuel from remaining in the barrel 520.

The side wall of the cartridge 520 is further provided with two access holes 521, the access holes 521 are provided with a switching door assembly 510 for opening or closing the aperture, and the access holes 521 and the switching door assembly 510 provide convenience for smooth flow and falling of fuel in the cartridge 520.

The upper end side of the cartridge 520 is fitted with a level gauge 570, and the level gauge 570 is used to detect the amount of fuel reserve inside the cartridge 520.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a front view of the door opening and closing assembly 510 and a side view of the door opening and closing assembly 510 are shown, respectively, in this embodiment, the door opening and closing assembly 510 comprises a door cover 511 for blocking the orifice, a pressure plate 515 for pressing the door cover 511, and fixing ear plates 518 symmetrically and fixedly installed outside the orifice or the nozzle, wherein a graphite pad groove is formed in one side of the door cover 511, a graphite pad is assembled in the graphite pad groove, the sealing strength is increased by adopting the graphite pad for sealing, wherein the fixing ear plate 518 is folded, the folded end of the fixing ear plate 518 extends out of the front end of the orifice or the nozzle, the pressing plate 515 is rotatably installed at the folded end of the fixing lug 518 by a lower hexagonal bolt 517, and in order to facilitate the installation and removal of the lower hexagonal bolt 517, the lower hexagon bolt 517 is in threaded connection with a butterfly nut 513, and the other end of the pressure plate 515 is provided with a locking device for locking the opening and closing end of the pressure plate 515 at the opening or the nozzle.

In this embodiment, specifically, the locking device includes an upper hexagon bolt 519 and a wing nut 513, the wing nut 513 is in threaded connection with the upper hexagon bolt 519, the upper hexagon bolt 519 is disposed at the hole opening, a through hole through which the upper hexagon bolt 519 passes is formed in the pressure plate 515, the hole diameter of the through hole is the same as the outer diameter of the bolt body of the upper hexagon bolt 519 but smaller than the outer diameter of the wing nut 513, when the pressure plate 515 is locked, the hexagon bolt passes through the through hole of the pressure plate 515, and the wing nut 513 is in threaded connection with the through end of the hexagon bolt and is screwed down, so that the wing nut 513 is pressed against the pressure plate 515.

In order to prevent the upper hexagon bolt 519 and the butterfly nut 513 matched with the upper hexagon bolt from being lost, the device further comprises a turnover lug plate 512, the turnover lug plate 512 is fixedly installed on the hole opening or the pipe opening, the upper hexagon bolt 519 is rotatably connected with the turnover lug plate 512, a U-shaped groove 514 used for rotating the upper hexagon bolt 519 to give way is formed in the pressing plate 515, and the through hole is the groove bottom of the U-shaped groove 514. When the anti-theft door is used, the pressing plate 515 with the door cover 511 is pressed at the opening or the pipe opening, the upper hexagon bolt 519 is turned over from the U-shaped groove 514 to the groove bottom, the butterfly nut 513 is screwed, and the upper hexagon bolt 519 and the matched butterfly nut 513 can be hung on the turnover lug plate 512 in a non-locking state through the arrangement of the turnover lug plate 512, so that the upper hexagon bolt can be conveniently placed and prevented from being lost.

In this embodiment, preferably, in order to further improve the pressing effect, the pressing plate 515 is screwed to the hand wheel 516 at the middle inner portion, and a screw on the hand wheel 516 can abut against the door cover 511, so as to ensure that the continuously operating fluid device has no leakage.

Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment, the dry distillation apparatus 600 includes a dry distillation barrel 630, a rotary sealing member 620, a first hollow spiral barrel and a power apparatus 300, wherein a support leg 640 for supporting the dry distillation barrel 630 is disposed at the bottom of the dry distillation barrel 630, a feeding port connected to a discharge tapered tube 522 of the fuel filter 500 is disposed at the top of one side of the dry distillation barrel 630, a discharge port connected to a temperature-discharging and carbon-discharging device 700 is disposed at the bottom of the other side of the dry distillation barrel 630, a gas output pipe 430 for outputting dry distillation gas is mounted at the top of one side of the dry distillation barrel 630 close to the discharge port, and the gas output pipe 430 is connected to a burner 920 and is used for introducing dry distillation gas generated by dry distillation of solid fuel into a heating box 900, so as to. The gas outlet pipe 430 is further provided with a gas branch pipe 431, and the gas branch pipe 431 supplies gas to other gas appliances.

The first hollow spiral cylinder comprises a first hollow spiral sheet 650 and hot air cylinders 628 which are welded on two sides of the first hollow spiral sheet 650 in a sealing mode, the first hollow spiral cylinder is coaxially and rotatably installed in the dry distillation cylinder barrel 630, the hot air cylinders 628 at two ends of the first hollow spiral cylinder extend out of the dry distillation cylinder barrel 630, and the first hollow spiral cylinder enables solid fuel to be pushed from the feeding port to the discharging port in the rotating process.

The power device 300 comprises a speed reducer and two bearing seats 310, wherein the end part of the hot air cylinder 628 is coaxially and fixedly provided with a first shaft 311, a shaft sleeve 312 is assembled between the first shaft 311 and the hot air cylinder 628, the first shaft 311 is rotatably arranged on the bearing seats 310, and the speed reducer is in transmission connection with the first shaft 311 to drive the first hollow spiral cylinder to rotate.

The rotary sealing members 620 are arranged at two ends of the dry distillation barrel 630, and are used for enabling the first hollow spiral cylinder to input hot air into the first hollow spiral cylinder and output hot air consumption in a rotating state, and air fluid does not leak in the conveying process.

Referring to fig. 6, the rotary sealing member 620 includes a barrel cover 621 hermetically installed outside the dry distillation barrel 630, a connecting pipe 622 is installed on the barrel cover 621 for supplying hot air into the barrel cover 621 or for supplying and consuming hot air output from the barrel cover 621, a hot air barrel 628 rotatably penetrates the barrel cover 621, and a through-flow hole 629 communicating with the inner cavity of the barrel cover 621 is opened on the side wall of the hot air barrel 628. The connecting pipe 622 on the rotary sealing element 620 close to the feeding port is connected with the hot air input pipe 420, and the connecting pipe 622 on the rotary sealing element 620 close to the discharging port is connected with the hot air consumption output pipe 440, so that a circulating hot air system is formed between the first hollow spiral cylinder and the curve hot blast stove 800, and dry distillation high-temperature air is provided for solid fuel.

In this embodiment, preferably, in order to improve the sealing performance and the rotational stability between the hot air cylinder 628 and the retort barrel 630, an outwardly extending reinforcing cylinder 626 is coaxially disposed at an end of the retort barrel 630, a pressing cover 625 is connected to an outside of the reinforcing cylinder 626 through a flange, the hot air cylinder 628 rotatably penetrates through the reinforcing cylinder 626, and a sealing ring 627 is disposed between the reinforcing cylinder 626 and the hot air cylinder 628.

In this embodiment, preferably, in order to improve the sealing performance between the hot air cylinder 628 and the cylinder cover 621, an operating cylinder 623 extending outwards is coaxially arranged at the end of the cylinder cover 621, an oil seal device 624 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the operating cylinder 623, and the hot air cylinder 628 rotatably penetrates through the outside of the operating cylinder 623 and is connected in a sealing and rotating manner through the oil seal device 624.

Referring to fig. 7, in this embodiment, specifically, the oil sealing device 624 includes a sealing flange 6241, an oil tank 6243, an air bag 6244, a rubber pad 6245, and a graphite rope 6246, the sealing flange 6241 is fixedly sleeved on the periphery of the hot air cylinder 628, the oil tank 6243 is assembled on one side of the sealing flange 6241, an oil nozzle is designed on the oil tank 6243, an oil pipe is installed at the bottom of the oil tank 6243, the air nozzle 6242 is arranged at the shoulder of the sealing flange 6241, an air nozzle nut is assembled at the bottom of the air nozzle 6242, the air bag 6244, the rubber pad 6245, and the graphite rope 6246 are sequentially sleeved on the inner annular wall of the sealing flange 6241 from outside to inside in an annular direction, and. The sealing flange 6241, the oil tank 6243, the oil nozzle, the oil pipe, the air nozzle 6242, the air nozzle nut, the air bag 6244, the rubber pad 6245 and the graphite rope 6246 provide conditions for rotary sealing, the oil in the oil tank 6243 is continuously injected into the rotary friction surface between the sealing flange 6241 and the hot air cylinder 628 and moistens the graphite rope 6246, thereby improving the operation sealing effect, the air nozzle 6242 is equipped with an air compressor, and the air compressor provides an air source for rotary sealing of equipment.

Through the arrangement of the rotary sealing element 620, the contact surfaces of the dry distillation machine barrel 630 and the barrel cover 621 in a fixed state and the hot air barrel 628 in a rotating state realize sealed rotary fit, so that the sealed input and output of hot air and heat consumption air are ensured, the rotation air tightness of the equipment is improved, the air pressure of the air compressor in the air nozzle 6242 can be adjusted according to the sealing accuracy, and the flexibility is high.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the barrel cover 621 is equipped with a water condensing cylinder 610, the water condensing cylinder 610 is connected with a sewage tank, and the sewage generated in the circulating hot air system can be collected and discharged through the arrangement of the water condensing cylinder 610 and the sewage tank.

In the dry distillation process, the solid fuel instantaneously volatilizes moisture by the heat energy released by the first hollow spiral cylinder to complete the drying process, the solid fuel enters the dry distillation process, the fuel entering the dry distillation process generates tar in a hot air environment, macromolecular bonds of the biomass are gradually broken to form biomass charcoal, the hot air enters an oxidation process, the hot air in an oxidation area exceeds 1000 ℃, the tar in the fuel gas is converted into permanent gas molecules in the hot air with the temperature of more than 950 ℃ and enters a reduction layer together with the fuel gas to generate combustible gas mainly comprising CO, H2 and CH4, the biomass charcoal is discharged from a discharge port to a temperature-relief charcoal discharging device 700 to be discharged, and the generated fuel gas is discharged from a fuel gas output pipe 430.

Through the design of the first hollow spiral cylinder, hot air releases heat energy from the first hollow spiral cylinder, so that the heating surface of the fuel is improved, the dry distillation effect is good, the space between the first hollow spiral sheets 650 on the first hollow spiral cylinder is small, the heating speed of the material is high, and the dry distillation period of the fuel is shortened.

Referring to fig. 8, in the present embodiment, the temperature-discharging carbon discharging device 700 includes an outer cylinder 710, an inner cylinder 720, a second hollow spiral cylinder and a rotary joint 770, the outer cylinder 710 and the inner cylinder 720 are coaxially sleeved, a first blind plate 722 is fixedly installed at two ends of the outer cylinder 710 through flanges, circular plates 734 are fixedly installed between the outer cylinder 710 and the inner cylinder 720 and located at two ends, a water jacket 740 is formed by the outer cylinder 710, the inner cylinder 720 and the circular plates 734 at two ends, a carbon inlet hopper 721 is installed at a top of one side of the inner cylinder 720, a carbon outlet pipe assembly 760 is installed at a bottom of the other side of the inner cylinder 720, the carbon inlet hopper 721 and the carbon outlet pipe assembly 760 both hermetically penetrate out of the outer cylinder 710, an outer cylinder water inlet pipe 741 and an outer cylinder water outlet pipe 742 are respectively installed on the outer cylinder 710, so that cooling water enters the water jacket 740 from the outer cylinder water inlet pipe 741 and, the rotary joint 770 is arranged at one end of the second hollow spiral cylinder, and external cooling water can be unidirectionally introduced into the interior of the second hollow spiral cylinder through the rotary joint 770.

During the living beings charcoal that the dry distillation produced entered into inner tube 720 by advancing charcoal fill 721, the hollow helical cylinder of second rotated and made the carbon material advance to go out charcoal pipe subassembly 760 direction by advancing charcoal fill 721, and the cooling water circulates in water jacket 740, the hollow helical cylinder of second respectively, and form double-deck cooling water runner in the inside and the outside of inner tube 720, improve the cooling contact area of charcoal material, make the charcoal material cool down at the propulsive in-process, improve the cooling effect by a wide margin.

Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the second hollow spiral cylinder is installed in a rotating manner, specifically, the second hollow spiral cylinder includes a shaft sleeve 730 with a hollow structure and second hollow spiral pieces 780 axially arranged on the shaft sleeve 730, the plurality of second hollow spiral pieces 780 are axially distributed at equal intervals, two ends of the shaft sleeve 730 are coaxially and fixedly installed with a second shaft 731, the second shaft 731 rotates to penetrate out of the first blind plate 722, a bearing gland 732 and a U-shaped bearing gland 735 are fixedly installed outside the first blind plate 722 at two sides, a thrust ball bearing 733 is arranged between the bearing gland 732, the U-shaped bearing gland 735 and the second shaft 731 at the corresponding side, it needs to be reminded that the interval between the outer periphery of the second hollow spiral pieces 780 and the inner wall of the inner cylinder 720 is not more than 10mm, otherwise, the biomass charcoal can be broken by the spiral pieces.

Two second blind plates 738 are fixedly mounted outside the U-shaped bearing cover 735, a second shaft 731 close to one side of the U-shaped bearing cover 735 penetrates through the two second blind plates 738, a gear 737 is fixedly mounted on the outer peripheral side of the second shaft 731, the gear 737 is located between the two second blind plates 738, and rotation of the second hollow spiral cylinder is achieved through matching of the gear 737 and the second shaft 731.

In order to improve the sealing performance of the assembly, a sealing gasket 736 is arranged between the second blind plate 738 and the U-shaped bearing cover 735 in an tensioning manner.

The rotary joint 770 is internally provided with a water passing flow channel communicated with the shaft sleeve 730, the rotary joint 770 is provided with a water inlet bent pipe 771, a joint water outlet pipe 772 and a shaft sleeve water inlet pipe 750, the water inlet bent pipe 771 is not communicated with the water passing flow channel, the joint water outlet pipe 772 is communicated with the water passing flow channel, the shaft sleeve water inlet pipe 750 is connected with the water inlet bent pipe 771, and the end part of the shaft sleeve water inlet pipe 750 penetrates through the water passing flow channel and extends to the far end inside the shaft sleeve 730. The cooling water is let in by the inlet elbow 771 to pass through the water flow channel by the shaft sleeve inlet tube 750 and be transported to the shaft sleeve 730, the cooling water in the shaft sleeve 730 flows back to the water flow channel and is discharged by the joint outlet tube 772, and then a circulating water path is formed, so that the cooling water flows circularly in the second hollow spiral cylinder, and the charcoal material is cooled by the inside.

Referring to fig. 11, the carbon outlet pipe assembly 760 includes an upper conical pipe 761, a lower conical pipe 762, a straight pipe 764 and a discharging pipe 765 which are distributed from top to bottom, wherein the upper conical pipe 761 and the lower conical pipe 762 are connected with each other at the bottom of the conical part thereof, so that the diameter of the broken pipe is increased from small to large and then decreased from large to small, and a related fan 763 is arranged between the straight pipe 764 and the discharging pipe 765, thereby preventing external air from flowing into the retort machine and affecting the quality of retort gas.

Referring to fig. 12, the curve hot blast stove 800 includes a charcoal box 820, a hot air consumption input pipe 830, a hot air pipe 840, an ignition device (not shown), a spraying pipe 862 and a feeding device, the bottom of the charcoal box 820 is fixedly installed with a support 810, a bottom discharge port of the charcoal box 820 is installed with a temperature-discharging charcoal discharging device 700, the spraying pipe 862 is fixedly installed on a side wall of the charcoal box 820, the feeding device is installed on the spraying pipe 862, the spraying pipe 862 is connected with a hot air output pipe 410 through a first blower 411, the first blower 411 sucks a high-temperature gasification medium air source generated in a fuel filter 500 and the hot air input pipe through the first blower 411 into the spraying pipe 862, the feeding device sends solid fuel and air into the spraying pipe 862, the gasification medium air source is sprayed into the charcoal box 820 together with the solid fuel and the air, thereby increasing a heat value of fuel gas in the charcoal box 820, the heat consumption wind input pipe 830 and the hot air pipe 840 are both arranged at the top end inside the charcoal box 820 in a penetrating manner, the heat consumption wind input pipe 830 is communicated with the hot air pipe 840, the end part of the heat consumption wind input pipe 830 is connected with the heat consumption wind output pipe 440, the hot air pipe 840 is connected with the hot air input pipe 420, the heat consumption wind generated by the dry distillation equipment 600 is introduced into the heat consumption wind input pipe 830, the flame generated by the combustion of the solid fuel in the charcoal box 820 and the high-temperature air flow heat the heat consumption wind in the heat consumption wind input pipe 830 to form a high-temperature air heat source, and then the high-temperature air heat source is conveyed into the dry distillation equipment 600 again through the hot air input pipe 420, so that a high-temperature heat source cycle is formed.

Preferably, a heated plate 874 is transversely and fixedly installed inside the carbon box 820, a heating chamber 870 is formed on the top of the carbon box 820 positioned on the heated plate 874, an inlet 871 is arranged on one side of the heated plate 874, an outlet pipe 872 is arranged on the top of the carbon box 820 far away from the inlet 871, a plurality of drop baffles 873 are fixedly installed in the heating chamber 870, openings are alternately arranged up and down adjacent to the drop baffles 873, the heating chamber 870 forms an S-shaped flow passage through the drop baffles 873, a heat dissipation wind input pipe 830 is positioned below the heating chamber 870, and a hot blast pipe 840 is arranged in the heating chamber 870 in a penetrating manner. The hot air consumed in the hot air consumption pipe 840 is heated by flame generated by burning solid fuel in the charcoal box 820 through naked flame, and high-temperature flue gas generated in the charcoal box 820 enters the S-shaped flow channel through the inlet 871, so that the hot air in the hot air pipe 840 is secondarily heated through the high-temperature flue gas, and the heating efficiency of the hot air consumed is improved.

The outlet pipe 872 is connected with the air inlet end of the first blower 411 through the air return pipe 412, and the first blower 411 sucks the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the outlet pipe 872 into the charcoal box 820 again through the air return pipe 412, so that heat loss is avoided, and the energy utilization efficiency is further improved.

Preferably, in order to stabilize the air pressure in the pipe, the pressure stabilizer further comprises a heat consumption air box 822, a hot air box 823 and a return air box 821, wherein the heat consumption air box 822 is assembled at the front end of the heat consumption air input pipe 830, the return air box 821 is assembled at the joint of the heat consumption air input box and the hot air pipe 840, the hot air box 823 is assembled at the rear end of the hot air box 823, the heat consumption air enters the carbon box 820 to be heated, the air is boosted under the action of high temperature, the high-pressure air flow is buffered and depressurized through the heat consumption air box 822, the hot air box 823 and the return air box, the phenomenon of backflow or leakage of a high-temperature air source is avoided, and a good pressure stabilizing effect is achieved.

Specifically, the feeding device comprises a hopper 850, a feeding auger 860 and a blanking pipe 861, wherein the hopper 850 is fixedly arranged at the feeding end of the feeding auger 860, and the blanking pipe 861 connects the discharging end of the feeding auger 860 with the spraying pipe 862.

Referring to fig. 13, a dry distillation production process based on a solid fuel spiral dry distillation machine comprises the following operation steps:

a. preparing materials: firstly, selecting solid biomass fuel, namely preparing sufficient fuel for the curve hot blast stove 800 and the dry distillation equipment 600 according to a plan respectively;

b. starting system devices such as a DCS (distributed control system) electric control cabinet 200 system, instruments and meters and the like, and opening each specified normally-open electric control valve;

c. sealing and feeding: the feeding screw conveyor 110 is started, qualified fuel is input into the bin 120 from the first feeding screw conveyor 110, and then is sent into the fuel filter 500 from the second feeding screw conveyor 110, and is pushed into the dry distillation barrel 630 through the kick-out device according to the designated feeding amount. Simultaneous start fuel filter 500 hot-setAir exchange output pipe fan and carbon monoxide detector (carbon monoxide content in discharged hot replacement air is less than 1/Nm)³) Supplying gasification medium to the curved hot blast stove 800;

d. sealing and air supplying: starting a rotary sealing element 620 and air pump pressure stabilizing sealing operation system;

e. air heating: starting a curve hot blast stove 800 adopting a wind feeding process to prepare air into hot blast, wherein the hot blast can also adopt natural gas to replace the curve hot blast stove 800 as fuel for heating;

j. dry distillation of fuel: the hot air is heated in the curve hot blast stove 800 and then is sent to the left-end rotary sealing element 620, flows through the first hollow spiral cylinder and releases heat energy for the fuel in the dry distillation cylinder 630, and the heat-consumed air after releasing the heat energy returns to the curve hot blast stove 800 through the right-end rotary sealing element 620 to implement reheating;

h. controlling the temperature of dry distillation: controlling the temperature according to the temperature sensors in the thermochemical reaction process of the fuel in the dry distillation barrel 630 in a subsection mode, wherein the temperatures of drying, dry distillation and oxidation are 350 degrees, 600 degrees and 1100 degrees respectively, and reminding that the yield of dry distillation fuel gas is low if the carbon yield is required to be high, otherwise, the carbon yield is low if the carbon yield is required to be high, and the enterprise requirement is met;

i. and (3) switching of heating equipment: the fuel enters the dry distillation barrel 630, and after the fuel is heated and subjected to thermochemical reaction between the first hollow spiral pieces 650 in the first hollow spiral barrel, dry distillation fuel gas is gradually generated and discharged from the fuel gas output pipe 430 to the burner 920, when the burner 920 and the igniter 911 at the top of the chimney 910 show that the flame is full and erupts the flame, the blower of the burner 920 is started to suck the replacement hot gas output by the fuel filter 500, the heat is consumed by hot air, and the circulation heating program is entered. Meanwhile, the operation of the curve hot blast stove 800 is closed;

j. when the hot air is used for heating, the redundant dry distillation fuel gas is conveyed to related gas-using equipment through the fuel gas branch pipe 431

k. Carbon discharging: respectively starting the temperature-discharging and charcoal-discharging device 700 to discharge charcoal according to the prompt of the biomass charcoal level indicator 570;

separating tar and pyroligneous liquor;

m, cooling, metering and packaging;

o, pouring the sewage overflowing from the water condensing cylinder 610 into a sewage pool in time;

p, when the machine is temporarily stopped to operate, closing the electrical equipment of the feeding equipment 100 and the dry distillation equipment 600 to operate, and instructing each normally open valve to enter a sealed state;

q, system maintenance and stopping operation according to requirements, successively and completely retorting the materials in the feeding device 100 and the retorting machine barrel 630, successively turning off the electrical equipment after discharging all the materials in the equipment body, and finally cutting off a main power supply of the DCS electric control cabinet 200;

and r, cleaning a working site, and maintaining system equipment.

In the embodiment, the solid biomass fuel (crushed agricultural and forestry waste, shale and sludge) without mildew, which has a water content of 18-20% in the step a of preparing materials, has a length of less than or equal to 30mm, wherein the sand content of the fuel is less than 1%, and the solid biomass fuel must not agglomerate.

In this embodiment, the method further comprises a preheating step of the curve hot blast stove 800, wherein the preheating step of the curve hot blast stove 800 is performed before the feeding step, and preparation is made for continuously heating the fuel in the retort barrel 630 to 800-1100 degrees.

In this embodiment, specifically, the fuel filter 500 uses a kick-out device to continuously feed the material to the feeding port of the retort 630 according to the designed output, and the replaced hot gas is sent to the burner 920 by the blower to serve as a combustion improver to improve the purity of the fuel gas.

In this embodiment, specifically, the curve hot blast stove 800 is started to heat the fuel in the retort barrel 630 by skin-separated air to form hot air, the temperature of the hot air should meet the retort temperature standard designed by enterprises, and the constant temperature heating is continuously performed.

In this embodiment, specifically, the first hollow spiral cylinder continuously rotates, the fuel rotates, goes up and down according to a designed route, turns over, is heated, and performs drying, carbonization, oxidation and reduction thermochemical reactions in the carbonization cylinder 630, and the biomass charcoal is generated by the pushing of the directional force of the first hollow spiral piece 650 to flow to the end of the carbonization cylinder 630. The installation enterprise should formulate the living beings charcoal standard according to this enterprise's requirement, and the living beings charcoal schizolysis of production must adjust first hollow spiral shell and slow down when incomplete, otherwise improves the rotational speed of first spiral shell.

In this embodiment, specifically, in the step i, in the step of converting the heating device, after the first hollow spiral cylinder continuously operates for 3min, the operation of the curved hot blast stove 800 is stopped, the time for generating the pilot fire and igniting the retort gas is not more than 3min, and the igniter 911 is always turned on to burn off combustible gases such as carbon monoxide in the gas, so as to avoid atmospheric pollution.

In this embodiment, specifically, a shutdown machine 763, a field matching meter and a packaging machine are installed at the bottom of the temperature-discharging and charcoal-discharging device 700.

In this embodiment, specifically, the program control of the DCS electric control cabinet 200 is performed, the frequency conversion is performed on the related supporting devices, manual operation is performed according to the operation rules, the keys of the DCS electric control cabinet 200 are clicked, and the dry distillation machine system device is instructed to continuously operate according to the design process.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising … …" or "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element. Further, herein, "greater than," "less than," "more than," and the like are understood to exclude the present numbers; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are to be understood as including the number.

Although the embodiments have been described, once the basic inventive concept is obtained, other variations and modifications of these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art, so that the above embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the contents of the present specification and drawings, or any other related technical fields, which are directly or indirectly applied thereto, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry distillation production process of solid fuel is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

separating tar and pyroligneous liquor;

m, cooling, metering and packaging;

and r, cleaning a working site, and maintaining system equipment.

2. The dry distillation production process of solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein: and (b) preparing the mildew-free solid biomass fuel with the water content of 18-20% selected in the step (a), wherein the length of the selected solid biomass fuel is less than or equal to 30mm, the sand-soil content of the fuel is less than 1%, and the solid biomass fuel is free of agglomeration.

3. The dry distillation production process of solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step c of sealed feeding, the content of carbon monoxide in the hot replacement air discharged by the fuel filter is less than 1/Nm³。

4. The dry distillation production process of solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step h of dry temperature control, the temperatures of drying, dry distillation and oxidation of the solid fuel are respectively 350 degrees, 600 degrees and 1100 degrees.

5. The dry distillation production process of solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein: in the step i, in the step of converting the heating equipment, the operation of the curve hot blast stove is stopped after the first hollow spiral cylinder continuously operates for 3min, and the ignition time of the generated pilot fire of the dry distillation fuel gas is not more than 3 min.