CN111777065A - Graphite modified material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Graphite modified material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111777065A
CN111777065A CN202010809318.XA CN202010809318A CN111777065A CN 111777065 A CN111777065 A CN 111777065A CN 202010809318 A CN202010809318 A CN 202010809318A CN 111777065 A CN111777065 A CN 111777065A
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graphite
lithium ion
modified material
ion battery
graphite modified
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仰永军
张千
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Guangdong Kaijin New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20Graphite
    • C01B32/21After-treatment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphite modified material for a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: dissolving 1.5-3.5 g of powdered sugar in 50ml of ethylene glycol, mechanically stirring, and performing ultrasonic treatment for later use; weighing a certain amount of spherical graphite, carrying out ultrasonic treatment in nitric acid, and washing with deionized water; dispersing the treated spherical graphite in a saccharide solvent, adding a dispersing agent into the saccharide solvent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then violently stirring to obtain a suspension; putting the suspension into a high-pressure kettle for reaction, naturally cooling, and carrying out centrifugal separation and washing on the suspension; drying in an oven to obtain spherical graphite composite material powder modified by active carbon nano-ions; and drying the powder in an oven, and calcining at 500-900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery. The graphite modified material has higher lithium insertion capacity and good cycle and conductivity when being used as a lithium battery negative electrode material.

Description

Graphite modified material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a graphite modified material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
One of the main tasks for developing lithium ion secondary batteries is to find a special negative electrode material to replace lithium metal, in order to reduce the serious defects existing when lithium metal is used as a negative electrode, and the special negative electrode material has high working voltage, and simultaneously has enough high lithium intercalation amount and good lithium deintercalation reversibility, so as to ensure the requirements of high voltage, large capacity and long cycle life. Among the negative electrode materials, carbon materials such as petroleum coke, coal coke, graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, organic matter pyrolysis carbon and the like are most successfully applied. The main advantages of the anode material are: the crystallinity is high, the discharge platform is in a plurality of nano materials, graphite is stable as a lithium ion secondary battery, the lithium insertion capacity is high, and the theoretical lithium insertion capacity of a compound LiC6 inserted between first-order graphite layers can reach 372 mAh/g. However, it also has significant disadvantages as an anode material.
The poor compatibility and high-rate charge and discharge performance with electrolyte solution are shown in that in the process of lithium insertion for the first time, solvated lithium ions are inserted into graphite layers before a good solid electrolyte phase interface film (SEI film) is formed on the graphite surface, and gas is generated by reduction and decomposition, so that the graphite layers are peeled off, the first charge and discharge efficiency is not high, and the stable cycle performance of the battery is also influenced.
Therefore, the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery and the preparation method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a graphite modified material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a preparation method of a graphite modified material for a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a saccharide solvent: dissolving 1.5-3.5 g of powdered sugar in 50ml of ethylene glycol, mechanically stirring, and performing ultrasonic treatment for later use;
(2) weighing a certain amount of spherical graphite, carrying out ultrasonic treatment in nitric acid, and washing with deionized water; dispersing the treated spherical graphite in a saccharide solvent, adding a dispersing agent into the saccharide solvent, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment; then stirring vigorously to obtain a suspension;
(3) putting the suspension into a high-pressure kettle for reaction, naturally cooling, and carrying out centrifugal separation and washing on the suspension; drying in an oven to obtain spherical graphite composite material powder modified by active carbon nano-ions;
(4) and drying the powder in an oven, and calcining at the temperature of 500-900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the clear solution is obtained by mechanical stirring.
Preferably, the centrifugation is performed using a centrifuge.
Preferably, the concentration of the nitric acid is 1-3 mol/L.
Preferably, the powdered sugar is glucose, mannan or galactan.
Preferably, the dispersant is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, polyacrylamide or methyl amyl alcohol.
Preferably, in the step (3), deionized water and ethanol are respectively used for washing, and the deionized water and the ethanol are respectively used for washing 3 times.
The first reversible capacity of the prepared graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery is more than 360mAh/g, the first coulombic efficiency is more than 86%, the capacity retention rate for 50 weeks is more than 90%, the expansion rate is less than 15%, and the electric conductivity is more than 3.5S/m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the preparation method comprises the steps of modifying graphite, coating a layer of soft carbon material outside the graphite, then carrying out carbonization treatment, forming a soft carbon coating layer on the surface of the graphite after carbonization, and coating a hot solvent to prepare the carbon-coated graphite with a core-shell structure, wherein the cost is lower than that of chemical vapor deposition and the carbon-coated graphite is more uniform than that of solid phase coating; the high-pressure impregnation can not only uniformly coat the asphalt carbon on the surface of the graphite particles, but also fill the pores in the graphite particles, thereby improving the coating effect. The modified graphite not only can keep the characteristics of graphite, but also has higher lithium insertion capacity, the first charge-discharge efficiency is improved, and the cycle stability is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of spheroidal graphite of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the spherical graphite composite material of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example one
1.5g of glucose was weighed, dissolved in 50ml of ethylene glycol and mechanically stirred to obtain a clear solution. Then ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min, and the mixture is taken out and sealed by a preservative film for later use.
First, 3g of spherical graphite was weighed, sonicated in nitric acid at a concentration of 2mol/L for 10 minutes, and then washed with deionized water. The treated spheroidal graphite was dispersed in an aqueous glucose solution and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to the glucose solution and sonicated for half an hour. After a further 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension was transferred to an autoclave and reacted at 180 ℃ for 4 hours. After the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled in air, the suspension was separated with the aid of a centrifuge, and washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively. Drying for 4 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ in an oven to obtain the powder of the spherical graphite composite material modified by the activated carbon nano particles, treating for 5 times, drying the obtained powder in the oven, and finally calcining for 3 hours at the temperature of 900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery.
Example two
2.5g of glucose was weighed, dissolved in 50ml of ethylene glycol and mechanically stirred to obtain a clear solution. Then ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min, and the mixture is taken out and sealed by a preservative film for later use.
First, 3g of spherical graphite was weighed, sonicated in nitric acid at a concentration of 2mol/L for 10 minutes, and then washed with deionized water. The treated spheroidal graphite was dispersed in an aqueous glucose solution and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to the glucose solution and sonicated for half an hour. After a further 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension was transferred to an autoclave and reacted at 180 ℃ for 4 hours. After the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled in air, the suspension was separated with the aid of a centrifuge, and washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively. Drying the spherical graphite composite material for about 4 hours at 80 ℃ in an oven to obtain the spherical graphite composite material modified by the activated carbon nano particles, treating for 5 times, drying the obtained powder in the oven, and finally calcining for 3 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery.
EXAMPLE III
3.5g of glucose was weighed, dissolved in 50ml of ethylene glycol and mechanically stirred to obtain a clear solution. Then ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min, and the mixture is taken out and sealed by a preservative film for later use.
First, 3g of spherical graphite was weighed, sonicated in nitric acid at a concentration of 2mol/L for 10 minutes, and then washed with deionized water. The treated spheroidal graphite was dispersed in an aqueous glucose solution and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was added to the glucose solution and sonicated for half an hour. After a further 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension was transferred to an autoclave and reacted at 180 ℃ for 4 hours. After the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled in air, the suspension was separated with the aid of a centrifuge, and washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively. Drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for about 4 hours to obtain the spherical graphite composite material modified by the active carbon nano particles, treating for 5 times, drying the obtained powder in the oven, and finally calcining for 3 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Example four
1.5g of mannan was weighed, dissolved in 50ml of ethylene glycol and mechanically stirred to obtain a clear solution. Then ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min, and the mixture is taken out and sealed by a preservative film for later use.
First, 3g of spherical graphite was weighed, sonicated in nitric acid at a concentration of 2mol/L for 10 minutes, and then washed with deionized water. The treated spheroidal graphite was dispersed in an aqueous glucose solution and polyacrylamide was added to the glucose solution and sonicated for half an hour. After a further 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension was transferred to an autoclave and reacted at 180 ℃ for 4 hours. After the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled in air, the suspension was separated with the aid of a centrifuge, and washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively. Drying the spherical graphite composite material in an oven at 80 ℃ for about 4 hours to obtain the spherical graphite composite material modified by the active carbon nano particles. The treatment was carried out 5 times, and the obtained powder was dried in an oven and finally calcined at 500 ℃ for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
EXAMPLE five
1.5g of galactan was weighed out, dissolved in 50ml of ethylene glycol and mechanically stirred to give a clear solution. Then ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min, and the mixture is taken out and sealed by a preservative film for later use.
First, 3g of spherical graphite was weighed, sonicated in nitric acid at a concentration of 2mol/L for 10 minutes, and then washed with deionized water. The treated spheroidal graphite was dispersed in an aqueous glucose solution and methyl amyl alcohol was added to the glucose solution and sonicated for half an hour. After a further 10 minutes of vigorous stirring, the suspension was transferred to an autoclave and reacted at 180 ℃ for 4 hours. After the reaction, the autoclave was naturally cooled in air, the suspension was separated with the aid of a centrifuge, and washed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively. Drying in an oven at 80 ℃ for about 4 hours to obtain the spherical graphite composite material modified by the active carbon nano particles, treating for 5 times, drying the obtained powder in the oven, and finally calcining for 3 hours at 500 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Electrochemical cycling performance was tested using the following method: mixing a negative electrode material, a conductive agent and a binder in a solvent according to a mass ratio of 92:2:6, controlling the solid content to be 55%, coating the mixture on a copper foil current collector, and drying to obtain a negative electrode plate; and then assembling a 18650 cylindrical battery by using a conventional positive plate, 1mol/L LiPF6/EC + DMC (V/V is 1:1) electrolyte and a CeLgard2400 diaphragm, wherein the battery is charged and discharged at a constant current under the rate of 1C, and the charging and discharging voltage is limited to 2.75-4.2V. The first reversible capacity, the first coulombic efficiency, the 50-cycle capacity retention rate, the expansion rate, the conductivity and other indexes of the spherical graphite composite materials in the embodiments 1 to 5 are tested, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002630343030000071
According to the test results of the examples 1 to 5 in the table 1, the first reversible capacity of the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery is larger than 360mAh/g, the first coulombic efficiency is larger than 86%, the capacity retention rate for 50 weeks is larger than 90%, the expansion rate is lower than 15%, and the electric conductivity is larger than 3.5S/m. The conclusion can be drawn that the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery prepared by the method has higher lithium insertion capacity when being used as the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery, the first charge-discharge efficiency is improved, the cycle stability is obviously improved, and the range of the graphite composite material in the application field of the lithium ion battery is widened.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a graphite modified material for a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a saccharide solvent: dissolving 1.5-3.5 g of powdered sugar in 50ml of ethylene glycol, mechanically stirring, and performing ultrasonic treatment for later use;
(2) weighing a certain amount of spherical graphite, carrying out ultrasonic treatment in nitric acid, and washing with deionized water; dispersing the treated spherical graphite in a saccharide solvent, adding a dispersing agent into the saccharide solvent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and then violently stirring to obtain a suspension;
(3) putting the suspension into a high-pressure kettle for reaction, naturally cooling, and carrying out centrifugal separation and washing on the suspension; drying in an oven to obtain spherical graphite composite material powder modified by active carbon nano-ions;
(4) and drying the powder in an oven, and calcining at the temperature of 500-900 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to finally obtain the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery.
2. The method for preparing the graphite modified material for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the transparent solution is obtained by mechanical stirring.
3. The method for preparing the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein a centrifuge is used for centrifugal separation.
4. The method for preparing the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the nitric acid is 1-3 mol/L.
5. The method for preparing the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the sugar powder is glucose, mannan, or galactan.
6. The method for preparing the graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the dispersing agent is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, polyacrylamide or methyl amyl alcohol.
7. The method for preparing the graphite modified material for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), deionized water and ethanol are respectively used for washing, and the deionized water and the ethanol are respectively used for washing 3 times.
8. The graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery prepared by the preparation method of claims 1-7 is characterized in that the first reversible capacity of the prepared graphite modified material for the lithium ion battery is more than 360mAh/g, the first coulombic efficiency is more than 86%, the 50-week capacity retention rate is more than 90%, the expansion rate is less than 15%, and the electric conductivity is more than 3.5S/m.
CN202010809318.XA 2020-08-12 2020-08-12 Graphite modified material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Pending CN111777065A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113363447A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-07 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 Hard carbon composite graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN113363448A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-07 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 Soft carbon composite graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN113422030A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-21 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 Negative electrode material and preparation method thereof, battery negative electrode and lithium ion battery

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102050437A (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-11 上海比亚迪有限公司 Carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN102544458A (en) * 2011-12-30 2012-07-04 中聚電池研究院有限公司 Preparation method of modified graphite cathode material of lithium-ion power battery

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102050437A (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-11 上海比亚迪有限公司 Carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN102544458A (en) * 2011-12-30 2012-07-04 中聚電池研究院有限公司 Preparation method of modified graphite cathode material of lithium-ion power battery

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113363447A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-07 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 Hard carbon composite graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN113363448A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-07 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 Soft carbon composite graphite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof
CN113422030A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-09-21 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 Negative electrode material and preparation method thereof, battery negative electrode and lithium ion battery

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