CN111774591A

CN111774591A - Numerical control drilling machine and tool changing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111774591A
Application number: CN202010617629.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷德武
Original assignee: Jiangmen Jingzuan Numerical Control Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangmen Jingzuan Numerical Control Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-01
Filing date: 2020-07-01
Publication date: 2020-10-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control drilling machine which comprises a base, an upright post, a workbench, a main shaft mechanism, a tool magazine and a guide sleeve mounting rack, wherein the upright post is arranged on the base; the workbench is driven by the X-axis moving mechanism to move left and right along the X-axis direction and driven by the Y-axis moving mechanism to move back and forth along the Y-axis direction; the main shaft mechanism is driven by the first Z-axis moving mechanism to move up and down along the Z-axis direction; the guide sleeve mounting frame is driven by the second Z-axis moving mechanism to move up and down along the Z-axis direction, a guide sleeve fixing seat is arranged at the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting frame, a guide sleeve mounting hole for mounting a guide sleeve and penetrating through the lower end of the main shaft is formed in the guide sleeve fixing seat, and a guide hole of the guide sleeve is coaxial with the drill bit; the tool magazine is provided with a manipulator capable of switching a drill bit and a guide sleeve between the tool magazine and a tool changing station. The invention also discloses a tool changing method using the numerical control drilling machine. By adopting the invention, not only can the accurate drilling be realized, the drill bit is not easy to break, the drilling efficiency is high, the precision is high, but also the tool can be changed conveniently and quickly, and the drilling precision of the drill bit can not be influenced.

Description

Numerical control drilling machine and tool changing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining equipment, and particularly relates to a numerical control drilling machine and a tool changing method thereof.

Background

The drilling machine in the prior art usually adopts a marking mode to determine the drilling position when drilling on a workpiece, and then drives a drill bit to press downwards through a main shaft to perform drilling operation on the workpiece. However, because the head of the drill bit is in a suspended state and the drill bit has certain flexibility, the drill bit may slide when contacting a workpiece, so that the drill bit is easy to deviate from an original drilling position, and particularly the drill bit with a relatively small diameter is easy to bend and deviate from the original drilling position or cause the drill bit to break; on the other hand, after the drill bit enters the workpiece, the drill bit can deviate from the central line of the main shaft of the drilling machine due to the cutting edge of the drill bit or the reason of the workpiece, so that the hole position is not correct or the drill bit is broken, and the drilling efficiency and the drilling precision are influenced. In order to solve the problems, some drilling machines which utilize guide sleeves to fix the positions of the drill bits appear in the prior art, and although the problems are solved to a certain extent, the guide sleeves interfere with the cutter changing process, so that the guide sleeves need to be horizontally moved out through a guide sleeve mounting frame during cutter changing, and the replacement positions of the drill bits are avoided; in addition, because the guide pin bushing mounting bracket drives the guide pin bushing to move out and move in frequently, moving parts are abraded necessarily after a corresponding driving mechanism is frequently used, the position precision of the guide pin bushing is influenced after abrasion, the coaxiality between the drill bit and the guide pin bushing is influenced, and the drilling precision of the drill bit cannot be guaranteed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a numerical control drilling machine which can realize accurate drilling, is not easy to break a drill bit, has high drilling efficiency and high precision, can conveniently and quickly change a tool and cannot influence the drilling precision of the drill bit. The invention also aims to provide a tool changing method of the numerical control drilling machine, which can realize automatic tool changing, is convenient and quick in the tool changing process and cannot influence the drilling precision of a drill bit after tool changing.

In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a numerical control drilling machine, which includes a base, a column, a table, a spindle mechanism, a tool magazine, a guide sleeve mounting bracket, an X-axis moving mechanism, a Y-axis moving mechanism, a first Z-axis moving mechanism, and a second Z-axis moving mechanism; the upright post is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the base; the workbench is connected to the front side of the base through the X-axis moving mechanism and the Y-axis moving mechanism, and the workbench is driven by the X-axis moving mechanism to move left and right along the X-axis direction and driven by the Y-axis moving mechanism to move back and forth along the Y-axis direction; the main shaft mechanism is connected to the upright post through the first Z-axis moving mechanism, and the main shaft mechanism is driven by the first Z-axis moving mechanism to move up and down along the Z-axis direction; the guide sleeve mounting rack is connected to the main shaft mechanism through the second Z-axis moving mechanism, the guide sleeve mounting rack is driven by the second Z-axis moving mechanism to move up and down along the Z-axis direction, a guide sleeve fixing seat is arranged at the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting rack, the guide sleeve fixing seat is transversely arranged right below a main shaft of the main shaft mechanism, a guide sleeve mounting hole for mounting a guide sleeve and penetrating through the lower end of the main shaft is formed in the guide sleeve fixing seat, and the guide sleeve mounting hole is coaxial with the main shaft; the guide hole of the guide sleeve arranged on the guide sleeve fixing seat is coaxial with the drill bit arranged on the main shaft; the tool magazine is arranged on one side of the stand column, a plurality of groups of drill bit guide sleeve assemblies with different specifications are loaded on the tool magazine, and the tool magazine is provided with a manipulator capable of switching drill bits and guide sleeves between the tool magazine and a tool changing station.

As the preferable scheme of the numerical control drilling machine, the guide sleeve is in conical surface fit with the guide sleeve mounting hole.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically controlled drilling machine, a plurality of first marble buckles are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the hole wall of the guide sleeve mounting hole, spherical sliding balls on the first marble buckles protrude towards one side of the guide sleeve mounting hole, and a first annular clamping groove matched with the first marble buckles is formed in the periphery of the guide sleeve.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically-controlled drilling machine, the upper end face of the guide sleeve fixing seat is provided with a positioning clamping piece, a part of the positioning clamping piece protrudes towards one side of the guide sleeve mounting hole, and the upper end of the guide sleeve is provided with a positioning clamping groove matched with the positioning clamping piece.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically-controlled drilling machine, the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting frame is provided with a through hole in fit connection with the guide sleeve fixing seat, the lower end of the guide sleeve fixing seat is provided with a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is connected with the guide sleeve mounting frame through screws.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically-controlled drilling machine, a first annular air inlet groove is formed in the periphery of the guide sleeve fixing seat, the first annular air inlet groove can be surrounded with the hole wall of the through hole to form a first air inlet channel, an air inlet pipe connector communicated with the first air inlet channel is formed in the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting frame, and a plurality of first air outlet holes are uniformly distributed in the first annular air inlet groove; the periphery of the guide sleeve is provided with a second annular air inlet groove, the second annular air inlet groove can be encircled with the hole wall of the guide sleeve mounting hole to form a second air inlet channel communicated with the first air outlet hole, a plurality of second air outlet holes communicated with the inside of the guide sleeve are uniformly distributed in the second annular air inlet groove, and the second air outlet holes are obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside of the guide sleeve to the inside.

As above-mentioned numerically-controlled drilling machine's preferred scheme, the guide pin bushing includes guide pin bushing body and drill bit guide, the inside of guide pin bushing body is equipped with the chip removal chamber that is located upper portion and the trepanning that is located the lower part, drill bit guide detachably installs the trepanning is downthehole, just the drill bit guide be equipped with the coaxial guiding hole of drill bit.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically controlled drilling machine, the spindle mechanism comprises a spindle box, a spindle, a servo drive motor, a unclamping cylinder, a spindle mounting cylinder, a driving synchronizing wheel, a driven synchronizing wheel and a chuck matched with the spindle, and a Z-axis sliding table used for connecting the first Z-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the rear side surface of the spindle box; a main shaft mounting cylinder is arranged on the front side surface of the main shaft box, the main shaft is mounted in the main shaft mounting cylinder, and the upper end of the main shaft is connected with the driven synchronizing wheel; the unclamping cylinder is fixed at the top of the spindle box, and a piston rod of the unclamping cylinder faces downwards and is matched with a broach rod of the spindle; the servo driving motor is installed at the top of the spindle box and located behind the unclamping cylinder, the power output end of the servo driving motor is connected with the driving synchronizing wheel, and the driving synchronizing wheel is connected with the driven synchronizing wheel through a synchronous belt for transmission.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically controlled drilling machine, the Y-axis moving mechanism comprises a Y-axis sliding table, a Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, a Y-axis ball screw nut pair and a Y-axis servo motor, the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair and the Y-axis ball screw nut pair are both arranged along the Y-axis direction, the Y-axis sliding table is arranged on the base in a sliding manner through the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, the Y-axis servo motor is fixed on the base, a power output end of the Y-axis servo motor is connected with a lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw nut pair, and a nut of the Y-axis ball screw nut pair is connected with the Y-axis sliding table;

the X-axis moving mechanism comprises an X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, an X-axis ball screw nut pair and an X-axis servo motor, the X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair and the X-axis ball screw nut pair are arranged along the X-axis direction, the workbench is arranged on the Y-axis sliding table in a sliding manner through the X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, the X-axis servo motor is fixed on the Y-axis sliding table, the power output end of the X-axis servo motor is connected with a screw rod of the X-axis ball screw nut pair, and a nut of the X-axis ball screw nut pair is connected with the workbench;

the first Z-axis moving mechanism comprises a first Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, a Z-axis ball screw nut pair and a Z-axis servo motor, the first Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair and the Z-axis ball screw nut pair are arranged along the Z-axis direction, the spindle mechanism is arranged on the stand column in a sliding mode through the first Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, the Z-axis servo motor is fixed on the stand column, the power output end of the Z-axis servo motor is connected with a screw rod of the Z-axis ball screw nut pair, and a nut of the Z-axis ball screw nut pair is connected with the spindle mechanism;

the second Z-axis moving mechanism comprises a second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair and a linear driving unit, the second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair is arranged along the Z-axis direction, the guide sleeve mounting frame is arranged on the front side of the spindle box in a sliding mode through the second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, the linear driving unit is fixed to the top of the spindle box and located in front of the unclamping cylinder, and a push rod of the linear driving unit faces downwards and is connected with the guide sleeve mounting frame.

As a preferred scheme of the numerically controlled drilling machine, the guide sleeve mounting frame is of a bilaterally symmetrical frame structure, the guide sleeve mounting frame is arranged around the outer side of the main shaft mounting cylinder, and the guide sleeve fixing seat is arranged in the middle of a lower end cross frame of the guide sleeve mounting frame; the left side and the right side of the guide sleeve mounting frame are connected to the spindle box through a second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair respectively.

In addition, another aspect of the invention also provides a tool changing method for applying the numerical control drilling machine, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the first Z-axis moving mechanism drives the main shaft mechanism to ascend to a high position, the second Z-axis moving mechanism drives the guide sleeve mounting frame to enable a guide sleeve to be replaced on the guide sleeve mounting frame to descend to a tool changing station, the manipulator performs action at the moment, and the guide sleeve to be replaced is taken out of the guide sleeve mounting frame and sent to the tool magazine to be stored;

(2) the first Z-axis moving mechanism drives the main shaft mechanism to enable a main shaft on the main shaft mechanism to pass through the guide sleeve mounting hole and descend to a tool changing station, the manipulator takes out a drill bit to be changed from the main shaft and sends the drill bit to the tool magazine for storage, and meanwhile, the manipulator takes out a new drill bit from the tool magazine and sends the new drill bit to the main shaft for installation;

(3) and the first Z-axis moving mechanism drives the main shaft mechanism to ascend to a high position, and the manipulator takes out a new guide sleeve from the tool magazine and sends the guide sleeve to the guide sleeve mounting frame for installation.

Compared with the prior art, the numerical control drilling machine and the tool changing method thereof have the beneficial effects that:

(1) the accurate drilling is realized, and the drilling efficiency is high and the precision is high. The drilling machine during operation, the decline of second Z axle moving mechanism drive guide pin bushing mounting bracket, and compress tightly the work piece through the guide pin bushing of installing on the guide pin bushing fixing base, first Z axle moving mechanism drive main shaft mechanism (main shaft promptly) descends, make the epaxial drill bit of main pass the pilot hole of guide pin bushing and drill to the work piece, consequently this guide pin bushing plays the fixed action to the drill bit, the drill bit can not skew original drilling position, the problem of the easy skew original drilling position of drilling when having solved prior art effectively, drilling efficiency and drilling precision are increased substantially.

(2) The drill bit is not easy to break. Because the guiding hole and the drill bit are on the same axis, the drill bit can not be easily bent, and the problem that the drill bit is broken due to bending when a drilling machine in the prior art drills is effectively solved.

(3) The automatic tool changing device has the advantages that the tool changing automation is realized, the tool changing process is convenient and quick, and the drilling precision of a drill bit cannot be influenced after the tool is changed. In the tool changing process, the action of the guide sleeve mounting frame only moves in the Z-axis direction, the guide hole in the guide sleeve and the drill bit on the main shaft can be ensured to be always positioned on the same axis, the problem that the coaxiality between the drill bit and the guide hole is influenced due to the fact that the guide sleeve mounting frame needs to be moved out and moved in the horizontal direction when a tool is changed by a drilling machine in the prior art is effectively solved, and the drilling precision of the drill bit after tool changing is further ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (I) of a numerically controlled drilling machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram (I) of a numerically controlled drilling machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a numerically controlled drilling machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of region A in the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the guide sleeve holder and guide sleeve after assembly;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the guide sleeve fixing seat and the guide sleeve after being disassembled.

In the figure, 1, a base; 2. a column; 3. a work table; 4. a spindle mechanism; 41. a main spindle box; 42. a main shaft; 43. a servo drive motor; 44. a knife striking cylinder; 45. a spindle mounting cylinder; 46. a Z-axis sliding table; 47. a drill bit; 5. a tool magazine; 51. a manipulator; 6. a guide sleeve mounting rack; 61. a through hole; 7. an X-axis moving mechanism; 71. an X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair; 72. an X-axis ball screw nut pair; 73. an X-axis servo motor; 8. a Y-axis moving mechanism; 81. a Y-axis sliding table; 82. a Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair; 83. a Y-axis ball screw nut pair; 84. a Y-axis servo motor; 9. a first Z-axis moving mechanism; 91. a first Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair; 92. a Z-axis ball screw nut pair; 93. a Z-axis servo motor; 10. a second Z-axis moving mechanism; 101. a second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair; 102. a linear drive unit; 11. a guide sleeve fixing seat; 111. a guide sleeve mounting hole; 112. a first marble buckle; 113. positioning the card; 114. a first annular inlet channel; 115. a first air outlet hole; 116. a connecting plate; 12. a guide sleeve; 121. a guide hole; 122. a guide sleeve body; 123. a drill guide; 124. a chip removal cavity; 125. trepanning; 126. a first ring-shaped card slot; 127. positioning the clamping groove; 128. a second annular inlet groove; 129. a second air outlet; 1210. a second marble buckle; 1211. a second annular card slot; 1212. and limiting end plates.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the machine or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used herein to describe various information, but the information should not be limited to these terms, which are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, "first" information may also be referred to as "second" information, and similarly, "second" information may also be referred to as "first" information, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a numerically controlled drilling machine includes a base 1, a column 2, a table 3, a spindle mechanism 4, a tool magazine 5, a guide bush mounting frame 6, an X-axis moving mechanism 7, a Y-axis moving mechanism 8, a first Z-axis moving mechanism 9, and a second Z-axis moving mechanism 10.

In this embodiment, the upright column 2 is fixedly arranged at the rear side of the base 1 and is used for stably supporting the whole working machine head (such as a main shaft mechanism 4, a guide sleeve mounting rack 6, a first Z-axis moving mechanism 9, a second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 and the like); the workbench 3 is arranged on the front side of the base 1 and used for fixedly mounting a workpiece; the main shaft mechanism 4 is used as a power part of the whole working machine head and comprises a main shaft box 41, a main shaft 42, a servo driving motor 43, a unclamping cylinder 44, a main shaft mounting cylinder 45, a driving synchronizing wheel, a driven synchronizing wheel and a chuck matched with the main shaft 42, wherein a Z-axis sliding table 46 used for connecting the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 is arranged on the rear side surface of the main shaft box 41; a main shaft mounting cylinder 45 is arranged on the front side surface of the main shaft box 41, the main shaft 42 is mounted in the main shaft mounting cylinder 45, and the upper end of the main shaft 42 is connected with the driven synchronizing wheel; the unclamping cylinder 44 is fixed at the top of the spindle box 41, and a piston rod of the unclamping cylinder 44 faces downwards and is matched with a broach rod of the spindle 42; the servo driving motor 43 is installed at the top of the spindle box 41 and located behind the unclamping cylinder 44, the power output end of the servo driving motor 43 is connected with the driving synchronous wheel, and the driving synchronous wheel is connected with the driven synchronous wheel through a synchronous belt for transmission.

In this embodiment, the worktable 3 is connected to the front side of the base 1 through the X-axis moving mechanism 7 and the Y-axis moving mechanism 8, and the worktable 3 is driven by the X-axis moving mechanism 7 to move left and right along the X-axis direction and driven by the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 to move back and forth along the Y-axis direction; the spindle mechanism 4 is connected to the column 2 by the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9, and the spindle mechanism 4 is driven by the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction.

Illustratively, the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 includes a Y-axis sliding table 81, a Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 82, a Y-axis ball screw nut pair 83 and a Y-axis servo motor 84, the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 82 and the Y-axis ball screw nut pair 83 are both arranged along the Y-axis direction, the Y-axis sliding table 81 is slidably arranged on the base 1 through the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 82, the Y-axis servo motor 84 is fixed on the base 1, a power output end of the Y-axis servo motor 84 is connected with a screw of the Y-axis ball screw nut pair 83, and a nut of the Y-axis ball screw nut pair 83 is connected with the Y-axis sliding table 81; the X-axis moving mechanism 7 comprises an X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 71, an X-axis ball screw nut pair 72 and an X-axis servo motor 73, the X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 71 and the X-axis ball screw nut pair 72 are arranged along the X-axis direction, the workbench 3 is arranged on the Y-axis sliding table 81 in a sliding mode through the X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 71, the X-axis servo motor 73 is fixed on the Y-axis sliding table 81, the power output end of the X-axis servo motor 73 is connected with a lead screw of the X-axis ball screw nut pair 72, and a nut of the X-axis ball screw nut pair 72 is connected with the workbench 3; first Z axle moving mechanism 9 includes that first Z axle rolls linear guide pair 91, Z axle ball screw nut pair 92 and Z axle servo motor 93, first Z axle rolls linear guide pair 91 with Z axle ball screw nut pair 92 all arranges along the Z axle direction, spindle mechanism 4 passes through first Z axle rolls linear guide pair 91 and slides and establish on the stand 2, Z axle servo motor 93 is fixed on the stand 2, Z axle servo motor 93's power take off end with the screw connection of Z axle ball screw nut pair 92, the nut of Z axle ball screw nut pair 92 with spindle mechanism 4 (Z axle slip table 46 promptly) are connected.

Therefore, after the specific embodiments of the X-axis moving mechanism 7, the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 and the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 are adopted, the Z-axis servo motor 93 of the embodiment rotates to drive the Z-axis ball screw nut pair 92 to convert the rotary motion into the linear motion, so that the spindle mechanism 4 moves up and down along the Z-axis direction under the guiding action of the first Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 91, and the Z-direction stroke control of the spindle 42 is realized; the Y-axis servo motor of the embodiment rotates to drive the Y-axis ball screw nut pair 83 to convert rotary motion into linear motion, so that the Y-axis sliding table moves back and forth along the Y-axis direction under the guiding action of the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, and the Y-direction stroke control of a workpiece is realized; the X-axis servo motor of the embodiment rotates to drive the X-axis ball screw nut pair 72 to convert rotary motion into linear motion, so that the X-axis sliding table moves left and right along the X-axis direction under the guiding action of the X-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, and the X-direction stroke control of the workpiece is realized; as can be seen, the X-axis moving mechanism 7 and the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 increase the processing range of the workpiece as a whole. In addition, the X-axis moving mechanism 7, the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 and the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 are driven by servo motors, so that the stroke control precision is high, and the processing precision of a workpiece can be effectively ensured; and because the X-axis moving mechanism 7, the Y-axis moving mechanism 8 and the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 all adopt rolling linear guide rail pairs with small friction coefficients, the friction coefficients of the rolling linear guide rail pairs are about 1/10 of a rigid sliding guide rail, and the difference between the dynamic friction force and the static friction force is small, when the main shaft mechanism 4 (namely the Z-axis sliding table 46), the workbench 3 and the Y-axis sliding table move, the phenomenon of slipping does not occur, and the positioning precision of 0.001 millimeter can be achieved, and because the friction force of the rolling linear guide rail pairs is very small, the corresponding main shaft mechanism 4 (namely the Z-axis sliding table 46), the workbench 3 and the Y-axis sliding table 81 can operate only by small power (about 1/8 of motive power), so that the power loss is reduced, and the workpiece processing cost is saved.

In this embodiment, the guide bush mounting bracket 6 is connected to the spindle mechanism 4 by the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10, and the guide bush mounting bracket 6 is driven by the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 to move up and down along the Z-axis direction.

Illustratively, the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 includes a second Z-axis rolling linear guide pair 101 and a linear driving unit 102, the second Z-axis rolling linear guide pair 101 is disposed along the Z-axis direction, the guide bush mounting bracket 6 is slidably disposed at the front side of the headstock 41 through the second Z-axis rolling linear guide pair 101, the linear driving unit 102 is fixed at the top of the headstock 41 and located in front of the unclamping cylinder 44, and a push rod of the linear driving unit 102 faces downward and is connected with the guide bush mounting bracket 6. Therefore, after the above-mentioned specific embodiment of the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 is adopted, the guide sleeve mounting rack 6 is driven by the linear driving unit 102 to move up and down along the Z-axis direction under the guiding action of the second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 101, so that the Z-direction stroke control of the guide sleeve mounting rack 6 is realized. The linear driving unit 102 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder. Of course, in other alternative embodiments, the linear driving unit 102 may also be an air cylinder or an electric push rod.

In this embodiment, a guide sleeve fixing seat 11 is disposed at a lower end of the guide sleeve mounting bracket 6, the guide sleeve fixing seat 11 is disposed transversely under a main shaft 42 of the main shaft mechanism 4, a guide sleeve mounting hole 111 through which a guide sleeve 12 can be mounted and a lower end of the main shaft 42 can pass is disposed on the guide sleeve fixing seat 11, the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 is coaxial with the main shaft 42, and a guide hole 121 of the guide sleeve 12 mounted on the guide sleeve fixing seat 11 is coaxial with a drill 47 mounted on the main shaft 42. When the drilling machine works, a workpiece is fixed on the workbench 3, the drill bit 47 is fixed at the lower end of the main shaft 42 through a drill bit clamp, the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 drives the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 to descend and tightly press the workpiece through the guide sleeve 12 arranged on the guide sleeve fixing seat 11, and the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the main shaft mechanism 4 (namely the main shaft 42) to descend, so that the drill bit 47 on the main shaft 42 penetrates through the guide hole 121 of the guide sleeve 12 to drill the workpiece. It should be noted that, because the diameter of the guiding hole 121 of the guiding sleeve 12 is generally designed to be equal to the diameter of the drill 47, and the guiding hole 121 fixes the drill 47, the drill does not deviate from the original drilling position, the problem that the drilling machine in the prior art is easy to deviate from the original drilling position during drilling is effectively solved, and the drilling efficiency and the drilling precision are greatly improved; to ensure the positioning of the pilot hole 121 on the drill 47, the pilot hole 121 should have a certain effective depth, i.e. the portion of the pilot hole 121 with the inner diameter corresponding to the diameter of the drill 47 should have a sufficient length, and generally, the larger the diameter of the drill 47, the larger the effective depth the pilot hole 121 should have, so as to effectively limit the offset of the drill 47. On the other hand, because the pilot hole 121 and the drill 47 are on the same axis, the drill 47 cannot be easily bent, and the problem that the drill is broken due to bending when the drilling machine in the prior art drills is effectively solved.

It should be noted that, the above-mentioned technical solution that the lower end of the main shaft 42 can penetrate through the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 actually is to lengthen the main shaft 42, so as to ensure that the lower end of the main shaft 42 can penetrate through the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 and extend to the tool changing station, so as to adapt to the operation of direct tool changing in the vertical direction.

Illustratively, the guide sleeve mounting rack 6 is a bilaterally symmetrical frame structure, the guide sleeve mounting rack 6 is arranged around the outer side of the main shaft mounting cylinder 45, and the guide sleeve fixing seat 11 is arranged in the middle of a lower end cross frame of the guide sleeve mounting rack 6; the left side and the right side of the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 are respectively connected to the spindle box 41 through a second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair 101. The structural stability of guide pin bushing mounting bracket can be guaranteed in such design, and the atress is even and non-deformable, and the processing location is more stable.

In this embodiment, in order to realize the automation of tool changing, the tool magazine 5 is arranged on one side of the column 2, a plurality of groups of drill bit guide sleeve assemblies (i.e., the matched drill bit 47 and the guide sleeve 12) with different specifications are loaded on the tool magazine 5, and the tool magazine 5 is provided with a manipulator 51 capable of switching the drill bit 47 and the guide sleeve 12 between the tool magazine 5 and a tool changing station. When tool changing is needed, firstly, the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the spindle mechanism 4 to ascend to a high position, the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 drives the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 to enable a guide sleeve 12 to be replaced on the guide sleeve mounting frame to descend to a tool changing station, at the moment, the manipulator 51 performs action, and the guide sleeve 12 to be replaced is taken out of the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 and is sent to the tool magazine 5 to be stored; then, the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the main shaft mechanism 4 to make the main shaft 42 on the main shaft mechanism pass through the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 and descend to a tool changing station, the manipulator 51 takes out the drill 47 to be changed from the main shaft 42 and sends the drill 47 to the tool magazine 5 for storage, and meanwhile, the manipulator 51 takes out a new drill 47 from the tool magazine 5 and sends the new drill 47 to the main shaft 42 for installation; finally, the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the spindle mechanism 4 to ascend to a high position, and the manipulator 51 takes out a new guide sleeve 12 from the tool magazine 5 and sends the guide sleeve 12 to the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 for installation, so that tool changing operation is completed. It can be seen that, in the above tool changing process, the action of the guide sleeve mounting bracket 6 only moves in the Z-axis direction, which can ensure that the guide hole 121 on the guide sleeve 12 and the drill bit 47 on the main shaft 42 are always located on the same axis, and effectively solves the problem that the coaxiality between the drill bit 47 and the guide hole 121 is affected by moving the guide sleeve mounting bracket 6 in the horizontal direction when the tool is changed by the drilling machine in the prior art.

Illustratively, the tool magazine 5 is preferably a disc type tool magazine, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, convenience in assembly and adjustment and simplicity in maintenance.

Illustratively, the manipulator 51 is preferably a double-gripper rotating arm structure, and the tool changing is rapid and reliable.

Illustratively, the guide sleeve 12 and the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 are in conical fit. Such design can make things convenient for guide pin bushing 12 to pack into guide pin bushing mounting hole 111 to when guide pin bushing 12 compresses tightly on the work piece, guide pin bushing 12 can only be pressed more tightly more, guarantees that guide pin bushing 12 can not become flexible in the course of working, effectively guarantees the machining precision.

Illustratively, a plurality of first marble buckles 112 evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 are arranged on the hole wall of the guide sleeve mounting hole 111, a spherical sliding ball on the first marble buckle 112 protrudes towards one side of the guide sleeve mounting hole 111, and a first annular clamping groove 126 matched with the first marble buckle 112 is arranged on the outer periphery of the guide sleeve 12. Such design can realize quick fixed between guide pin bushing 12 and the guide pin bushing mounting hole 111, and when the guide pin bushing 12 was dismantled, manipulator 51 only need exert certain drawing force to guide pin bushing 12 and just can take out guide pin bushing 12 from guide pin bushing mounting hole 111, and it is convenient to dismantle.

For example, the upper end surface of the guide sleeve fixing seat 11 is provided with a positioning locking piece 113, a part of the positioning locking piece 113 protrudes toward one side of the guide sleeve mounting hole 111, and the upper end of the guide sleeve 12 is provided with a positioning locking groove 127 matched with the positioning locking piece 113. Due to the design, the guide sleeve 12 can be prevented from rotating relative to the guide sleeve mounting hole 111, and circumferential positioning of the guide sleeve 12 is achieved.

Exemplarily, in order to facilitate the assembly of the guide sleeve fixing seat 11, the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting bracket 6 is provided with a through hole 61 in matching connection with the guide sleeve fixing seat 11, the lower end of the guide sleeve fixing seat 11 is provided with a connecting plate 116, and the connecting plate 116 is connected with the guide sleeve mounting bracket 6 through a screw.

Exemplarily, a first annular air inlet groove 114 is formed in the periphery of the guide sleeve fixing seat 11, the first annular air inlet groove 114 can surround the hole wall of the through hole 61 to form a first air inlet channel, an air inlet pipe interface communicated with the first air inlet channel is formed at the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting frame 6, and a plurality of first air outlet holes 115 are uniformly distributed in the first annular air inlet groove 114; a second annular air inlet groove 128 is formed in the periphery of the guide sleeve 12, the second annular air inlet groove 128 and the hole wall of the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 can surround to form a second air inlet channel communicated with the first air outlet 115, a plurality of second air outlet holes 129 communicated with the inside of the guide sleeve 12 are uniformly distributed in the second annular air inlet groove 128, and the second air outlet holes 129 are obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside to the inside of the guide sleeve 12. Therefore, through the external air source of the air inlet pipe connector, the air flow sequentially passes through the first air inlet channel, the first air outlet hole 115, the second air inlet channel and the second air outlet hole 129 and enters the chip removal cavity 124 of the guide sleeve 12, so that the cutting chips in the chip removal cavity 124 are blown out, and the influence of the cutting chips on the operation of the drill bit is avoided.

For example, considering that the cutting chips generated when the drill 47 is operated are led out from the guide hole 121 of the guide sleeve 12, the drill or the cutting chips cause a certain degree of abrasion to the guide hole 121, and after a period of use, the guide function of the guide hole 121 fails due to serious abrasion, so that the whole guide sleeve 12 needs to be replaced again, and the maintenance cost is high. Therefore, in order to solve the technical problem, the guide sleeve 12 of the present embodiment separates the structure of the guide hole portion, that is, the guide sleeve 12 includes a guide sleeve body 122 and a drill guide 123, the guide sleeve body 122 is internally provided with a debris discharging cavity 124 at the upper portion and a sleeve hole 125 at the lower portion, the drill guide 123 is detachably installed in the sleeve hole 125, and the drill guide 123 is provided with a guide hole 121 coaxial with the drill 47. When the guide hole is seriously abraded, only the drill guide piece 123 needs to be replaced, and the workpiece processing cost is further saved.

Illustratively, a plurality of second ball catches 1210 are uniformly arranged along a circumferential direction of the sleeve hole 125, a ball-shaped sliding ball on the second ball catch 1210 protrudes toward one side of the sleeve hole 125, and a second annular clamping groove 1211 matched with the second ball catches 1210 is arranged on the outer periphery of the drill guide 123. Such design can realize fixing fast between drill bit guide 123 and the trepanning 125, and when drill bit guide 123 dismantled, only need exert certain effort to drill bit guide 123 and just can take out drill bit guide 123 from trepanning 125, and it is convenient to dismantle. Further, the periphery of the lower end of the drill guide 123 is provided with a radially protruding limiting end plate 1212, so that the drill guide 123 is axially positioned, and meanwhile, the limiting end plate 1212 serves as a contact surface for pressing the surface of a workpiece, so as to protect the guide sleeve 12 body.

(1) the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the main shaft mechanism 4 to ascend to a high position, the second Z-axis moving mechanism 10 drives the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 to enable a guide sleeve 12 to be replaced on the guide sleeve mounting frame to descend to a tool changing station, and at the moment, the manipulator 51 performs action, takes out the guide sleeve 12 to be replaced from the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 and sends the guide sleeve 12 to be replaced to the tool magazine 5 for storage;

(2) the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the main shaft mechanism 4 to make the main shaft 42 on the main shaft mechanism pass through the guide sleeve mounting hole 111 and descend to a tool changing station, the manipulator 51 takes out the drill 47 to be changed from the main shaft 42 and sends the drill 47 to the tool magazine 5 for storage, and meanwhile, the manipulator 51 takes out a new drill 47 from the tool magazine 5 and sends the new drill 47 to the main shaft 42 for installation;

(3) the first Z-axis moving mechanism 9 drives the spindle mechanism 4 to ascend to a high position, and the manipulator 51 takes out a new guide sleeve 12 from the tool magazine 5 and sends the guide sleeve 12 to the guide sleeve mounting frame 6 for installation.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A numerical control drilling machine is characterized by comprising a base, an upright post, a workbench, a main shaft mechanism, a tool magazine, a guide sleeve mounting rack, an X-axis moving mechanism, a Y-axis moving mechanism, a first Z-axis moving mechanism and a second Z-axis moving mechanism; the upright post is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the base; the workbench is connected to the front side of the base through the X-axis moving mechanism and the Y-axis moving mechanism, and the workbench is driven by the X-axis moving mechanism to move left and right along the X-axis direction and driven by the Y-axis moving mechanism to move back and forth along the Y-axis direction; the main shaft mechanism is connected to the upright post through the first Z-axis moving mechanism, and the main shaft mechanism is driven by the first Z-axis moving mechanism to move up and down along the Z-axis direction; the guide sleeve mounting rack is connected to the main shaft mechanism through the second Z-axis moving mechanism, the guide sleeve mounting rack is driven by the second Z-axis moving mechanism to move up and down along the Z-axis direction, a guide sleeve fixing seat is arranged at the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting rack, the guide sleeve fixing seat is transversely arranged right below a main shaft of the main shaft mechanism, a guide sleeve mounting hole for mounting a guide sleeve and penetrating the lower end of the main shaft is formed in the guide sleeve fixing seat, the guide sleeve mounting hole is coaxial with the main shaft, and a guide hole of the guide sleeve mounted on the guide sleeve fixing seat is coaxial with a drill bit mounted on the main shaft; the tool magazine is arranged on one side of the stand column, a plurality of groups of drill bit guide sleeve assemblies with different specifications are loaded on the tool magazine, and the tool magazine is provided with a manipulator capable of switching drill bits and guide sleeves between the tool magazine and a tool changing station.

2. The drill press as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide sleeve is tapered to fit the guide sleeve mounting hole.

3. The numerical control drilling machine according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of first ball buckles are uniformly arranged on the hole wall of the guide sleeve mounting hole along the circumferential direction, spherical sliding balls on the first ball buckles protrude towards one side of the guide sleeve mounting hole, and a first annular clamping groove matched with the first ball buckles is formed in the outer periphery of the guide sleeve.

4. The numerical control drilling machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end surface of the guide sleeve fixing seat is provided with a positioning clamping piece, part of the positioning clamping piece protrudes towards one side of the guide sleeve mounting hole, and the upper end of the guide sleeve is provided with a positioning clamping groove matched with the positioning clamping piece.

5. The numerical control drilling machine according to claim 1, wherein a through hole matched and connected with the guide sleeve fixing seat is formed in the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting frame, a connecting plate is arranged at the lower end of the guide sleeve fixing seat, and the connecting plate is connected with the guide sleeve mounting frame through a screw; a first annular air inlet groove is formed in the periphery of the guide sleeve fixing seat, the first annular air inlet groove can be encircled with the wall of the through hole to form a first air inlet channel, an air inlet pipe connector communicated with the first air inlet channel is formed in the lower end of the guide sleeve mounting frame, and a plurality of first air outlet holes are uniformly distributed in the first annular air inlet groove; the periphery of the guide sleeve is provided with a second annular air inlet groove, the second annular air inlet groove can be encircled with the hole wall of the guide sleeve mounting hole to form a second air inlet channel communicated with the first air outlet hole, a plurality of second air outlet holes communicated with the inside of the guide sleeve are uniformly distributed in the second annular air inlet groove, and the second air outlet holes are obliquely and downwards arranged from the outside of the guide sleeve to the inside.

6. A numerical control drilling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the guide sleeve comprises a guide sleeve body and a drill guide, the guide sleeve body is internally provided with a chip removal cavity at the upper part and a sleeve hole at the lower part, the drill guide is detachably mounted in the sleeve hole, and the drill guide is provided with a guide hole coaxial with the drill.

7. The numerical control drilling machine according to claim 1, wherein the spindle mechanism comprises a spindle box, a spindle, a servo drive motor, a unclamping cylinder, a spindle mounting cylinder, a driving synchronizing wheel, a driven synchronizing wheel and a chuck matched with the spindle, and a Z-axis sliding table for connecting the first Z-axis moving mechanism is arranged on the rear side surface of the spindle box; a main shaft mounting cylinder is arranged on the front side surface of the main shaft box, the main shaft is mounted in the main shaft mounting cylinder, and the upper end of the main shaft is connected with the driven synchronizing wheel; the unclamping cylinder is fixed at the top of the spindle box, and a piston rod of the unclamping cylinder faces downwards and is matched with a broach rod of the spindle; the servo driving motor is installed at the top of the spindle box and located behind the unclamping cylinder, the power output end of the servo driving motor is connected with the driving synchronizing wheel, and the driving synchronizing wheel is connected with the driven synchronizing wheel through a synchronous belt for transmission.

8. The numerical control drilling machine according to claim 7, wherein the Y-axis moving mechanism comprises a Y-axis sliding table, a Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, a Y-axis ball screw nut pair and a Y-axis servo motor, the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair and the Y-axis ball screw nut pair are arranged along the Y-axis direction, the Y-axis sliding table is arranged on the base in a sliding mode through the Y-axis rolling linear guide rail pair, the Y-axis servo motor is fixed on the base, a power output end of the Y-axis servo motor is connected with a screw rod of the Y-axis ball screw nut pair, and a nut of the Y-axis ball screw nut pair is connected with the Y-axis sliding table;

9. The numerical control drilling machine according to claim 8, wherein the guide sleeve mounting frame is of a bilaterally symmetrical frame structure, the guide sleeve mounting frame is arranged around the outer side of the main shaft mounting cylinder, and the guide sleeve fixing seat is arranged in the middle of a lower end cross frame of the guide sleeve mounting frame; the left side and the right side of the guide sleeve mounting frame are connected to the spindle box through a second Z-axis rolling linear guide rail pair respectively.

10. A tool changing method using the numerically controlled drilling machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of: