CN111774428B - Preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section bar - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN111774428B CN111774428B CN202010645548.7A CN202010645548A CN111774428B CN 111774428 B CN111774428 B CN 111774428B CN 202010645548 A CN202010645548 A CN 202010645548A CN 111774428 B CN111774428 B CN 111774428B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C27/00—Containers for metal to be extruded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
- B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section, which comprises the following steps: heating an aluminum alloy raw material into an ingot, wherein the ingot heating temperature is 455-470 ℃ at the head end of the ingot and 440-455 ℃ at the tail end of the ingot by adopting a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the die is 460-480 ℃; after casting ingot, extruding on a 350mm-380mm barrel of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 440-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.1-2.9m/min, and the extrusion speed cannot be more than 0.3mm/s when the pressure is broken through in a slow up-pressing mode; stretching the section bar by using a tractor to discharge after extrusion and discharging; the section bar is clamped by a tractor and passes through a water tank, the outlet temperature of the extruded section bar is 480-510 ℃, the section bar is cooled by online air fog, the cooling rate is that the cooling rate of the air fog is 160-190 ℃/s, online stretching is carried out after quenching, a special cushion block is used for stretching, the stretching rate is controlled to be 0.8-1.5%, the head and the tail are required to be sawed after stretching, and then the section bar is subjected to heat preservation and aging at 120-150 ℃ for 12-24 h, so that the aluminum alloy guide rail section bar is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section.
Background
Aluminum alloy is increasingly regarded as a light-weight material, and is more and more widely applied, so that the aluminum alloy section is used for the guide rail section. But the simple U-shaped structure can not meet the mechanical property requirement on part of the guide rail structure and needs to be changed into a trapezoid; meanwhile, the traditional guide rail made of 6-series aluminum alloy is not high in strength and cannot meet the requirements of the guide rail.
Because the hollow guide rail section bar has a hollow structure and uneven wall thickness. The problem of bending and twisting can occur in the off-line quenching process, and the shaping and straightening are not easy to realize after twisting.
Therefore, there is a need for a high strength, while the quenching process can overcome the bending and twisting of the hollow rail profile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section, the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section adopts a trapezoidal structure and is made of high-strength 7-series aluminum alloy, the tensile strength of the section is up to 480MPa, the yield strength is 420MPa, and the elongation rate can be up to 13%. The high strength performance of the material can meet the requirement that the guide rail bears larger weight, and in the extrusion process of the section bar, the material is drawn and discharged by a tractor, and meanwhile, the online quenching is carried out by adopting an air-mist cooling method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section bar is characterized in that the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section bar is of a trapezoid structure, the narrow part of the trapezoid is provided with two supporting legs, and the middle of the trapezoid is hollow; the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section comprises the following steps: heating an aluminum alloy raw material into an ingot, wherein the ingot heating temperature is 455-470 ℃ at the head end of the ingot and 440-455 ℃ at the tail end of the ingot by adopting a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the die is 460-480 ℃; after casting ingot, extruding on a 350mm-380mm barrel of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion barrel is 440-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.1-2.9m/min, and the extrusion speed cannot be more than 0.3mm/s when the pressure is broken through in a slow up-pressing mode; stretching the section bar by using a tractor to discharge after extrusion and discharging; the section bar is clamped by a tractor and passes through a water tank, the outlet temperature of the extruded section bar is 480-510 ℃, the section bar is cooled by online air fog, the cooling rate is that the cooling rate of the air fog is 160-190 ℃/s, online stretching is carried out after quenching, a special cushion block is used for stretching, the stretching rate is controlled to be 0.8-1.5%, the head and the tail are required to be sawed after stretching, and then the section bar is subjected to heat preservation and aging at 120-150 ℃ for 12-24 h, so that the aluminum alloy guide rail section bar is obtained.
Further, the head end of the ingot is 462 ℃, and the tail end of the ingot is 448 ℃.
Further, the mold temperature is 468 ℃ -472 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 448-452 ℃.
Further, the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 366mm, and the diameter of the cast ingot is 356 mm.
Further, the extrusion speed was 2.5 m/min.
Further, the extruded profile exit temperature was 495 ℃.
Further, saw cut head and tail, crop 2000mm, crop 3000mm, need sample test low power condition after cutting the head and tail, cut to length after qualified.
Further, the elongation is 1.0% to 1.2%.
Furthermore, the aging temperature is 138 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 18 h.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section, which comprises the following steps: the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section is obtained through the working procedures of heating, extruding, on-line quenching, stretching, shaping, aging and the like of the 7A19 aluminum alloy cast ingot. According to the preferred invention, the high-strength aluminum alloy is subjected to a specific extrusion process and an online quenching process, so that the stability and the accuracy of form and position tolerance of the hollow section are ensured while high mechanical performance is achieved.
The section obtained by the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section adopts 7-series aluminum alloy to extrude the hollow section, and simultaneously adopts an online quenching process. The bending degree and the twisting degree of the product are effectively controlled, the performance of the guide rail section bar reaches the tensile strength of more than or equal to 420MPa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 380 ℃, and the elongation of more than or equal to 14%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail profile produced in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section, which comprises the following steps:
the high-strength hollow guide rail section is obtained by the aluminum alloy through the working procedures of heating, extruding, on-line quenching, stretching, shaping, aging and the like of cast ingots;
the ingot casting temperature is 440-470 ℃; the extrusion speed is 2.2-2.9 m/min.
According to the invention, aluminum alloy is firstly heated through an ingot casting, the ingot casting is an ingot casting heating process well known to those skilled in the art, the ingot casting is preferably carried out in an induction heating furnace, and meanwhile, a gradient heating mode is adopted, so that the temperature of the head end of the ingot casting is high, and the temperature of the tail end of the ingot casting is low. The heating temperature of the ingot is 455-470 ℃ at the head end of the ingot, and the temperature of the tail end of the ingot is 440-455 ℃; more preferably, the temperature of the head end of the ingot is 460-465 ℃, and the temperature of the tail end of the ingot is 445-450 ℃; the most preferable concrete is that the head end of the ingot is 462 ℃, and the tail end of the ingot is 448 ℃.
In the present invention, the mold temperature is preferably 460 ℃ to 480 ℃, more preferably 465 ℃ to 475 ℃, and most preferably 468 ℃ to 472 ℃.
In the invention, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is preferably 440-460 ℃, more preferably 445-455 ℃, and the optimal temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 448-452 ℃.
The extrusion equipment is preferably produced on a 5000t extruder, and the diameter of an extrusion cylinder is 350-380 mm; the diameter of the cast ingot is 360mm-370 mm; most preferably a 5000t extruder, the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 366mm, and the diameter of the cast ingot is 356 mm;
in the present invention, the extrusion speed is preferably 2.1 to 2.9m/min, more preferably 2.3 to 2.7m/min, and the most preferable extrusion speed is 2.5 m/min.
The invention adopts a slow upward pressing mode during extrusion, the extrusion speed cannot be more than 0.3mm/s when the pressure is broken through, and a tractor is used for stretching the section bar for discharging after extrusion discharging.
The other processes of the preparation method of the invention have the advantages that the ingot casting length is preferably 800-1000 mm; the extrusion adopts uniform extrusion; the extrusion factor is preferably 20 to 30; the excess length is 50 mm; the extrusion axis speed is preferably 2.5 to 3.5 mm/s.
The quenching process is on-line quenching, and the section is clamped by a tractor and passes through a water tank. The extrusion outlet temperature of the section is preferably 480-510 ℃; more preferably, the outlet temperature is 490 ℃ to 500 ℃; most preferably the outlet temperature is 495 ℃. The cooling rate of the air fog is 160-.
The extrusion on-line quenching of the invention needs to be stretched, and the stretching needs a special cushion block for auxiliary stretching. The elongation is preferably 0.8% to 1.5%, more preferably 1.0% to 1.2%.
The head and the tail of the stretched product are required to be sawn, the head and the tail of the selected process are cut to be 2000mm, the tail of the product is cut to be 3000mm, the low-power condition is required to be sampled and detected after the head and the tail are cut, and the product is cut to length after the product is qualified.
The aging temperature is preferably 120-150 ℃, more preferably 130-145 ℃ and most preferably 138 ℃; the heat preservation time is 12h-24h, more preferably 16-20h, and most preferably 18 h.
Example 1
Heating the 7A19 aluminum alloy into a cast ingot, wherein the heating temperature of the cast ingot is 470 ℃ at the head end of the cast ingot and 455 ℃ at the tail end of the cast ingot in a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the die is 460 ℃; after casting, extruding on a drum of 366mm of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion drum is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5m/min, and the outlet temperature of the extruded section is 500 ℃; and (3) carrying out online air-mist cooling at the cooling rate of 180 ℃/s, carrying out online stretching after quenching, using a special cushion block for stretching, controlling the stretching rate to be 1.2%, and then carrying out heat preservation and aging at 138 ℃ for 16h to obtain the aluminum alloy guide rail section. The bending degree and the twisting degree of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section product prepared by the embodiment are effectively controlled.
Example 2
Heating the 7A19 aluminum alloy into a cast ingot, wherein the heating temperature of the cast ingot is 470 ℃ at the head end of the cast ingot and 455 ℃ at the tail end of the cast ingot in a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the die is 460 ℃; extruding the cast ingot on a drum of 366mm of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion drum is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 1.0m/min, and the outlet temperature of the extruded section is 465 ℃; and (3) carrying out online air-mist cooling at the cooling rate of 180 ℃/s, carrying out online stretching after quenching, using a special cushion block for stretching, controlling the stretching rate to be 1.2%, and then carrying out heat preservation and aging at 138 ℃ for 16h to obtain the aluminum alloy guide rail section. The bending degree and the twisting degree of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section product prepared by the embodiment are effectively controlled.
Example 3
Heating the 7A19 aluminum alloy into a cast ingot, wherein the heating temperature of the cast ingot is 470 ℃ at the head end of the cast ingot and 455 ℃ at the tail end of the cast ingot in a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the die is 460 ℃; extruding the cast ingot on a drum of 366mm of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion drum is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.0m/min, and the outlet temperature of the extruded section is 500 ℃; and (3) carrying out online air cooling at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/s, carrying out online stretching after quenching, using a special cushion block for stretching, controlling the stretching rate to be 1.2%, and then carrying out heat preservation and aging at 138 ℃ for 16h to obtain the aluminum alloy guide rail section. The bending degree and the twisting degree of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section product prepared by the embodiment are effectively controlled.
Example 4
Heating the 7A19 aluminum alloy into a cast ingot, wherein the heating temperature of the cast ingot is 470 ℃ at the head end of the cast ingot and 455 ℃ at the tail end of the cast ingot in a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the die is 460 ℃; after casting, extruding on a drum of 366mm of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion drum is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.5m/min, and the outlet temperature of the extruded section is 500 ℃; and (3) carrying out online air-mist cooling at the cooling rate of 180 ℃/s, carrying out online stretching after quenching, using a special cushion block for stretching, controlling the stretching rate to be 0.5%, and then carrying out heat preservation and aging at 138 ℃ for 16h to obtain the aluminum alloy guide rail section. The bending degree and the twisting degree of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section product prepared by the embodiment do not meet section standards.
Comparative example 1
Heating a 6063 aluminum alloy ingot, wherein a gradient heating mode is adopted, the heating temperature of the ingot is 485 ℃ at the head end of the ingot, and the temperature of the tail end of the ingot is 470 ℃; the temperature of the die is 475 ℃; extruding the cast ingot on a drum of 366mm of a 5000t extruder, wherein the temperature of the extrusion drum is 440 ℃, the extrusion speed is 6m/min, and the outlet temperature of the extruded section is 510 ℃; and (3) carrying out online air-mist cooling at the cooling rate of 180 ℃/s, carrying out online stretching after quenching, using a special cushion block for stretching, controlling the stretching rate to be 1.2%, and then carrying out heat preservation and aging at 200 ℃ for 3h to obtain the aluminum alloy guide rail section. The bending degree and the twisting degree of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section product prepared by the embodiment are effectively controlled, and the performance of the guide rail section reaches 185MPa of tensile strength, 140MPa of yield strength and 8% of elongation.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1 except that the tensile deformation amount was 1.6%.
Comparative example 3
The same as example 1, except that the profile was drawn out without using a tractor, and was discharged by normal extrusion. Significant twisting of the section bars occurred.
From the results of examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the guide rail section prepared by the preparation method of the hollow guide rail section of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties, meets the requirement of high strength, can be applied to a guide rail, and effectively controls the degree of curvature and the degree of twisting. It can be seen from comparative example 1 that the mechanical properties of the rail profile made of the 6-series alloy clearly do not meet the requirements. From comparative example 2, it is understood that when the tensile strain is too high, the mechanical properties are deteriorated. As can be seen from comparative example 3, when the profile is drawn by a tractor and discharged by normal extrusion, part of the profile is twisted obviously.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section is characterized in that the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section is of a trapezoid structure, the narrow part of the trapezoid is provided with two supporting legs, and the middle of the trapezoid is hollow; the preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section comprises the following steps: heating an aluminum alloy raw material into an ingot, wherein the ingot heating temperature is that the temperature of the head end of the ingot is 455-470 ℃, and the temperature of the tail end of the ingot is 440-448 ℃ in a gradient heating mode; the temperature of the extrusion die is 460-468 ℃; heating the cast ingot, and extruding on a 5000t extruder by adopting an extrusion cylinder with the diameter of 350mm-380mm, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 440-460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 2.1-2.9m/min, and the extrusion speed cannot be more than 0.3mm/s when the pressure is broken through in a slow upward pressing mode; stretching the section bar by using a tractor to discharge after extrusion and discharging; clamping the section by a tractor, passing the section through a water tank, enabling the outlet temperature of the extruded section to be 480-510 ℃, carrying out online air fog cooling at the air fog cooling rate of 160-190 ℃/s, carrying out online stretching after quenching, using a cushion block for stretching, controlling the stretching rate to be 0.8-1.5%, sawing the head and the tail after stretching, and then carrying out heat preservation and aging at 120-150 ℃ for 12-24 h to obtain the aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section;
the saw cutting head and the saw cutting tail are specifically as follows: cutting the head to 2000mm, cutting the tail to 3000mm, sampling and detecting the low-power condition after cutting the head and the tail, and cutting to length after the product is qualified.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail section bar according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the head end of the ingot is 462 ℃, and the temperature of the tail end of the ingot is 448 ℃.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail profile according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 448-452 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail profile according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the extrusion cylinder is 366mm, and the diameter of the cast ingot is 356 mm.
5. A method for preparing a high strength aluminum alloy hollow rail profile according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion speed is 2.5 m/min.
6. A method for preparing a high strength aluminum alloy hollow rail profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extruded profile outlet temperature is 495 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail profile according to claim 1, wherein the elongation is 1.0% -1.2%.
8. The preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy hollow guide rail profile according to claim 1, wherein the aging temperature is 138 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 18 h.
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| CN112808788A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 淮安和通汽车零部件有限公司 | Extrusion processing method of automobile anti-collision beam |
| CN113814657B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-09-13 | 福建祥鑫轻合金制造有限公司 | Aluminum-based composite material hot extrusion molding and heat treatment process thereof |
| CN115318865A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-11 | 福建祥鑫轻合金制造有限公司 | Extrusion process and device for large-size section open aluminum alloy guide rail section bar |
| CN115401414B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-04-05 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy guide rail for server |
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