High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation equipment for solanaceous vegetables
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation equipment, in particular to high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation equipment for solanaceous vegetables.
Background
In recent years, the vegetable industry in China develops rapidly, statistics shows that the annual average growth of the vegetable seeding area reaches 12% in ten years, and the annual average growth of the total yield is 15%. Vegetable production has become the main content of agricultural structure adjustment in many areas, and plays an important role in increasing the income of farmers and realizing poverty removal and enrichment, particularly solanaceous vegetables.
The solanaceous vegetables refer to vegetables of Solanaceae, including tomato, eggplant, and pepper. Is the main summer vegetable in every part of the country. Has the characteristics of high yield, long harvesting period, rich nutrition and the like. Wherein the content of vitamin C in the pepper is the highest, and every 100 g of fresh products reaches 100 mg, which is 3-4 times of that of common vegetables. The tomato has delicious taste and can replace fruits. Eggplant is a vegetable which is commonly cultivated in all places of south and north. The solanaceous fruit is a tropical zone of origin and belongs to the solanaceae family. The habit is similar, and people like warm and feel afraid of cold and die when they are frozen. The high temperature of 30-35 ℃ is not resisted, the requirement on the light cycle of the flowering result is not strict, the nitrogen fertilizer is too much, the stems and leaves grow excessively, and the branches and leaves need to be trimmed regularly in the artificial planting process to ensure the yield.
Patent No. CN201911129754.6 provides a multi-segment pruning member for a multi-segment variable-amplitude pruning device, which can be adapted to tree pruning requirements of different shapes in multiple segments. For example, the tree shape of the crown of the fruit tree can be pruned in a side wall type and a sphere-like manner by controlling the top-tip pruning component, the upper pruning component and the lower pruning component, and the tree shape of the crown of the fruit tree can be pruned in a trapezoidal shape by controlling the top-tip pruning component, the upper pruning component and the lower pruning component. In addition, the transverse and longitudinal distances between the pruning parts and the moving platform can be adjusted by controlling the transverse and longitudinal telescopic hydraulic cylinders so as to adapt to the distance and height of the crown positions of the fruit trees. However, the above patent is not suitable for the cultivation of solanaceous vegetables with small planting intervals, and the pruning scheme cannot be adjusted according to the specific growth conditions of plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-quality and high-efficiency solanaceous vegetable cultivation equipment, which scans the growth state of branches and leaves of solanaceous vegetable plants through a scanner, drives a shearing assembly to prune according to the growth state of the branches and leaves, specifically selects whether to prune, the quantity of the pruned branches and leaves and the positions of the pruned branches and leaves, further realizes high-quality and high-efficiency solanaceous vegetable cultivation, and solves the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-quality and high-efficiency solanaceous vegetable cultivation device comprises a cultivation support, a scanning device, a trimming device and a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein one end of the cultivation support is fixedly connected with the scanning device through a bolt, the other end of the cultivation support is fixedly connected with the trimming device through a bolt, and the trimming device and the scanning device are both electrically connected with the PLC;
the cultivation support comprises a top plate, a lifting assembly and a movable roller, wherein the two ends of the top plate are fixedly connected with the lifting assembly, and the movable roller is mounted at the lower end of the lifting assembly;
the scanning device comprises a scanner and an electric telescopic rod, wherein the lower end of the scanner is fixedly connected with the electric telescopic rod, and the lower end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a top plate through a bolt;
the trimming device comprises an air cylinder assembly, a mounting plate, a rotating motor, a rocker and a shearing assembly, wherein the top plate is fixedly connected with the mounting plate through a bolt, the air cylinder assembly is fixedly connected onto the mounting plate, the air cylinder assembly is connected with the rotating motor in an interconnecting mode, a motor shaft of the rotating motor is connected with the rocker in an interconnecting mode through a coupler, and the top end of the rocker is fixedly connected with the shearing assembly.
Furthermore, the top plate comprises a first plate body and a second plate body, screw holes which are arranged in a rectangular array are formed in the first plate body and the second plate body, and adjusting bolts are screwed in the screw holes of the first plate body and the second plate body.
Further, the lifting component comprises a barrel and a screw rod, the middle of the barrel is provided with a screw hole with an open upper end, the screw rod is welded at the lower end of the top plate, and the screw rod is screwed in the screw hole.
Furthermore, the cylinder assembly is located at the upper end of the mounting plate, and the lower end of a gas rod of the cylinder assembly is fixedly connected with a rotating motor.
Furthermore, the cylinder assembly is located at the lower end of the mounting plate, and the upper end of a gas rod of the cylinder assembly is fixedly connected with a rotating motor.
Further, the shearing assembly is composed of two arc-shaped rails which are overlapped and fixedly connected with each other.
Further, the arc-shaped track comprises a rack, a sliding rail, a sliding plate, a gear, a shearing motor, a shearing knife and hook teeth, the rack is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding rail, the sliding plate is connected to the sliding rail in a sliding mode, the shearing motor is mounted on the sliding plate and is connected with the gear, the gear and the rack are meshed with each other, and the shearing knife is fixedly connected between the sliding plate and the hook teeth through bolts.
Furthermore, the hook tooth is arc-shaped, and the center of the circle where the hook tooth and the arc-shaped track are located is consistent.
Furthermore, the scanner scans the branches and leaves of the solanaceous vegetable plants and transmits the scanning information to the PLC, and the PLC controls the running states of the electric telescopic rod, the shearing motor, the air cylinder assembly and the rotating motor according to the scanning information.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the high-quality and high-efficiency solanaceous vegetable cultivation equipment, the growth states of the branches and leaves of solanaceous vegetable plants are scanned through the scanner, the shearing assembly is driven to prune according to the growth states of the branches and leaves, the lateral branches at the top ends of the solanaceous vegetable plants in the early growth stage can be pruned, and early ripening of fruits is promoted; the bottom leaves of the solanaceous vegetable plants in the later growth period can be trimmed, the branches and leaves of the solanaceous vegetable plants can be trimmed according to the growth period of the solanaceous vegetable plants, the ventilation and light transmission of the group are facilitated, whether the solanaceous vegetable plants are trimmed or not, the number of the trimming and the positions of the trimmed branches and leaves can be specifically selected according to the sizes of the solanaceous vegetable plants, and then the high-quality and efficient cultivation of the solanaceous vegetable plants.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of a high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation apparatus for solanaceous vegetables according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural view of a cultivation support of a high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation device for solanaceous vegetables according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a trimming device of a high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation apparatus for solanaceous vegetables according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of a cutting assembly of the high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation device for solanaceous vegetables in the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a structural view of an arc-shaped track of a high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation device for solanaceous vegetables in the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a trimming device of a high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation apparatus for solanaceous vegetables according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cultivation support; 11. a top plate; 111. a first plate body; 112. a second plate body; 12. a lifting assembly; 121. a barrel; 122. a screw; 13. moving the roller; 2. a scanning device; 21. a scanner; 22. an electric telescopic rod; 3. a trimming device; 31. a cylinder assembly; 32. mounting a plate; 33. a rotating electric machine; 34. a rocker; 35. a shear assembly; 351. an arc-shaped track; 3511. a rack; 3512. a slide rail; 3513. a slide plate; 3514. a gear; 3515. a shear motor; 3516. a shearing knife; 3517. hooking teeth; 4. a PLC controller.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation equipment for solanaceous vegetables comprises a cultivation support 1, a scanning device 2, a trimming device 3 and a PLC (programmable logic controller) 4, wherein one end of the cultivation support 1 is fixedly connected with the scanning device 2 through a bolt, the other end of the cultivation support 1 is fixedly connected with the trimming device 3 through a bolt, and the trimming device 3 and the scanning device 2 are both electrically connected with the PLC 4.
The cultivation support 1 comprises a top plate 11, a lifting component 12 and a movable roller 13, wherein the lifting component 12 is fixedly connected to both ends of the top plate 11, and the movable roller 13 is installed at the lower end of the lifting component 12; the cultivation bracket 1 moves along the planting gap of solanaceous vegetable plants, and the moving power can be pushed by manpower; the top plate 11 comprises a first plate body 111 and a second plate body 112, the first plate body 111 and the second plate body 112 are respectively provided with screw holes which are arranged in a rectangular array, adjusting bolts are screwed in the screw holes of the first plate body 111 and the second plate body 112, the scanning device 2 and the PLC 4 are both positioned on the first plate body 111, the trimming device 3 is positioned on the second plate body 112, the adjusting bolts are disassembled, the overlapped length between the first plate body 111 and the second plate body 112 is adjusted and aligned with the screw holes, the adjusting bolts are screwed in the adjusted screw holes for locking, and further the length of the top plate 11 is adjusted to adapt to vegetable plants with different planting intervals; lifting unit 12 includes barrel 121 and screw rod 122, and the open screw in upper end has been seted up at the middle part of barrel 121, and screw rod 122 welds in the lower extreme of roof 11, connects screw rod 122 soon in the screw, lifts the one end of roof 11, and rotatory barrel 121, adjusting screw rod 122 connect the length in the screw soon, and then adjust the height of roof 11.
The scanning device 2 comprises a scanner 21 and an electric telescopic rod 22, the lower end of the scanner 21 is fixedly connected with the electric telescopic rod 22, the lower end of the electric telescopic rod 22 is fixedly connected with the top plate 11 through a bolt, and the electric telescopic rod 22 is used for adjusting the height of the scanner 21 so that the scanner 21 can carry out all-dimensional scanning; the scanner 21 scans the branches and leaves of the solanaceous vegetable plants and transmits the scanning information to the PLC 4, and the PLC 4 controls the running states of the electric telescopic rod 22, the shearing motor 3515, the air cylinder assembly 31 and the rotating motor 33 according to the scanning information.
Referring to fig. 3, the trimming device 3 includes a cylinder assembly 31, a mounting plate 32, a rotating motor 33, a rocker 34 and a shearing assembly 35, the top plate 11 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 32 through a bolt, the cylinder assembly 31 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 32, the cylinder assembly 31 drives the rotating motor 33 to lift and further drive the shearing assembly 35 to move in the vertical direction, the cylinder assembly 31 is connected with the rotating motor 33, a motor shaft of the rotating motor 33 is connected with the rocker 34 through a coupler, the top end of the rocker 34 is fixedly connected with the shearing assembly 35, and the rotating motor 33 drives the rocker 34 to rotate so as to adjust the horizontal shearing position of the shearing assembly 35; the cylinder assembly 31 is positioned at the upper end of the mounting plate 32, and the lower end of the air rod of the cylinder assembly 31 is fixedly connected with the rotating motor 33, so that the shearing assembly 35 moves towards the lower part of the top plate 11 and is used for shearing branches and leaves at the bottom of vegetable plants.
Referring to fig. 4 to 5, the shearing module 35 is composed of two arc-shaped rails 351 which are overlapped and fixedly connected with each other; the arc-shaped track 351 comprises a rack 3511, a sliding rail 3512, a sliding plate 3513, a gear 3514, a shearing motor 3515, a shearing knife 3516 and hook teeth 3517, wherein the side wall of the sliding rail 3512 is fixedly connected with the rack 3511, the sliding rail 3512 is slidably connected with the sliding plate 3513, the sliding plate 3513 is provided with the shearing motor 3515, the shearing motor 3515 is connected with the gear 3514, the gear 3514 is meshed with the rack 3511, and the shearing knife 3516 is fixedly connected between the sliding plate 3513 and the hook teeth 3517 through bolts; the hook tooth 3517 is arc-shaped, the circle center of the circle where the hook tooth 3517 and the arc-shaped track 351 are located is the same, the scanner 21 positions the main stalks of plants, the main stalks pass through the circle center, and the hook tooth 3517 and the arc-shaped track 351 are both away from the main stalks by a certain distance, so that the main stalks are prevented from being damaged by the shearing knife 3516 in the shearing process.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6, the cylinder assembly 31 is located at the lower end of the mounting plate 32, and the upper end of the air rod of the cylinder assembly 31 is fixedly connected with the rotating motor 33, so that the cutting assembly 35 moves upward the top plate 11 for cutting the lateral branches at the top end of the vegetable plant.
The working principle is as follows: the scanner 21 scans branches and leaves of solanaceous vegetable plants and transmits image information to the PLC 4, the PLC 4 obtains the main stems, the number, the length size and the position of branches at the bottom and the side branches of the solanaceous vegetable plants after processing, if the length size and the number of the side branches reach set values, the PLC 4 controls the air cylinder assembly 31 and the rotating motor 33 to operate, the shearing assembly 35 is further adjusted to reach the position corresponding to the side branches or the bottom leaves, and then the two shearing motors 3515 are driven to respectively drive one shearing knife 3516 to move in opposite directions so as to shear the corresponding side branches or the bottom branches.
In summary, the following steps: according to the high-quality and high-efficiency solanaceous vegetable cultivation equipment, the scanner 21 is used for scanning the growth state of the branches and leaves of solanaceous vegetable plants, the shearing component 35 is driven to shear according to the growth state of the branches and leaves, the lateral branches at the top ends of the solanaceous vegetable plants in the early growth stage can be sheared, and early ripening of fruits is promoted; the bottom leaves of the solanaceous vegetable plants in the later growth period can be trimmed, the branches and leaves of the solanaceous vegetable plants can be trimmed according to the growth period of the solanaceous vegetable plants, the ventilation and light transmission of the group are facilitated, whether the solanaceous vegetable plants are trimmed or not, the number of the trimming and the positions of the trimmed branches and leaves can be specifically selected according to the sizes of the solanaceous vegetable plants, and then the high-quality and efficient cultivation of the solanaceous vegetable plants.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.