CN111769602B - Optimized scheduling method for multi-time-scale wind storage combined system - Google Patents

Optimized scheduling method for multi-time-scale wind storage combined system Download PDF

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CN111769602B
CN111769602B CN202010665964.3A CN202010665964A CN111769602B CN 111769602 B CN111769602 B CN 111769602B CN 202010665964 A CN202010665964 A CN 202010665964A CN 111769602 B CN111769602 B CN 111769602B
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张敏
常潇
王金浩
樊瑞
魏韡
李冉
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State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Of Sepc
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Abstract

The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides the optimized dispatching method of the multi-time scale wind storage combined system, optimizes the income of the wind storage combined system on the basis of considering the blocking of a power grid channel, can greatly reduce the wind abandoning rate, improves the income of a wind power plant, and can ensure the safe and stable operation of a power grid; a coordinated scheduling model comprehensively considering the scheduling instruction requirements of the power grid side and the power generation plan of the wind storage combined system side is established, so that the friendliness of the wind storage combined system to be connected into the power grid is improved, the economical efficiency is improved, and the wind abandon level is reduced; the invention considers the problem that the wind storage combined system two-stage optimization scheduling model of the safe and stable operation of the power grid forms linear programming and mixed integer linear programming, and can be efficiently solved by mature commercial software; the method can be widely applied to the field of energy economy calculation.

Description

Optimized scheduling method for multi-time-scale wind storage combined system
Technical Field
The invention discloses an optimal scheduling method of a multi-time scale wind storage combined system, belongs to the technical field of energy economy calculation, and particularly relates to an optimal scheduling method of a multi-time scale wind storage combined system, which comprehensively considers day-ahead wind power prediction and ultra-short-term wind power prediction.
Background
The problems of fossil energy shortage and environmental pollution have led to wide attention of our society. The large-scale development of renewable energy sources is an important way for realizing the optimization and adjustment of energy source structures and the low-carbon development in China. According to the compendium of national medium and long-term science and technology development planning, the power generation of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic energy is developed and applied at a high speed and on a large scale. Wind power is one of the most mature new energy utilization modes of the technology, and the national cumulative installed capacity reaches 19269 ten thousand kilowatts by the last half of 2019.
However, wind power has the characteristics of intermittence, volatility and randomness, so that large-scale wind power integration endangers the safety and stability of the operation of a power grid, great challenges are brought to power grid frequency modulation and reserve capacity planning, the phenomenon of wind abandon of each large wind power plant at present is serious, and the economic benefit is seriously influenced. With the continuous increase of the wind power access scale, the problem of wind abandon is gradually highlighted under the conditions that a wind power delivery channel and a power grid are blocked and a trans-provincial region power transmission mechanism is not complete.
The application of the energy storage technology in the power grid can effectively improve the permeability of renewable energy, reduce the load peak-valley difference and the corresponding power grid investment and power supply construction, and effectively relieve the problems of wind power channel blockage, system peak regulation blockage, wind abandonment and the like. Therefore, under the trend that wind power is accessed to a power grid in a large scale, the application of the wind power storage combined system is an effective way for solving the problem of intermittent power grid connection. The battery energy storage is not limited by geographical and climatic conditions, the scale can be large or small, the energy conversion efficiency is up to more than 90%, the service life is continuously prolonged along with the technical progress, the cost is continuously reduced, and the battery energy storage is one of the best choices for matching with the renewable energy source for power generation and energy storage.
At present, most of research on the wind-storage combined system is considered from a single aspect of the wind-storage combined system, and the admission capacity and the scheduling requirement of a power grid to the wind-storage combined system are not considered, so that the optimization result of the wind-storage combined system can not adapt to the scheduling requirement of the power grid, and risks such as wind abandon and economic reduction are caused. Therefore, a coordinated scheduling model comprehensively considering the scheduling instruction requirements of the power grid side and the power generation plan of the wind storage combined system side needs to be established, so that the friendliness of the wind storage combined system to be connected into the power grid is improved, the economical efficiency is improved, and the wind abandon level is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides the optimal scheduling method of the multi-time scale wind storage combined system, optimizes the income of the wind storage combined system on the basis of considering the blocking of a power grid channel, greatly reduces the wind abandoning rate, promotes the income of a wind power plant, and ensures the safe and stable operation of a power grid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a multi-time scale wind storage combined system optimal scheduling method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating wind storage combined system dispatching instruction considering system safe and stable operation at power grid side
From the perspective of a power grid company, a power grid is used as an access party of a wind storage combined system, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid needs to be ensured and the optimal effect of network access of the wind storage system is achieved. Therefore, the safe and stable operation of the system is taken as constraint, and the grid-connected penetration of the wind power is maximized, so that a wind storage combined system dispatching instruction considering the safe and stable operation of the system on the power grid side is generated. Wherein the grid operating constraints include:
(1-1) node Power Balancing Condition
Each node meets the energy conservation law, namely the net injected power of the node is equal to the sum of the generated power of the node minus the load requirement of the node.
The node power balancing conditions are described as follows:
Figure BDA0002580454770000021
Figure BDA0002580454770000022
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002580454770000023
and
Figure BDA0002580454770000024
respectively representing the net injected power, generated power and load demand of node i during time period t. If each node is connected with the traditional generator and wind storage combined system, the power generation input power comprises
Figure BDA0002580454770000025
And
Figure BDA0002580454770000026
(1-2) Transmission Branch Power flow Limit constraints
And the power flow of each transmission branch is equal to the sum of the injected power of each power generation node multiplied by the power transfer distribution factor from each power generation node to the transmission branch, and the power flow distribution is within the maximum bearing capacity of the branch. The branch flow limit constraints are described as follows:
Figure BDA0002580454770000027
wherein, FlIndicating the transmission capacity, PTDF, of a transmission branch lilRepresenting the power transfer profile factor from node i to branch i.
(1-3) other operational limits
(1-3-1) conventional Generator Capacity Limit
The power generated by the traditional generator is between the lower limit of power generation and the maximum capacity of power generation. The traditional generator capacity limit is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000028
wherein, Pi lRepresents the lower limit of the power generation of the conventional generator, Pi mRepresenting the maximum power generation capacity of a conventional generator.
(1-3-2) wind-storage combined system output power limitation
The wind-storage combined system only outputs power to the power grid in a single direction and does not receive power from the power grid. The wind-storage combined system output power limit is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000029
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002580454770000031
representing the output power, P, of the grid side wind-storage combined systeml wgAnd the lower limit of the output power of the wind storage combined system is represented.
(1-4) scheduling instruction of power grid side wind storage combined system
On the basis of considering the operation constraint of the power grid, the dispatching instruction of the power grid side to the wind storage combined system is an output range. The upper limit of the range represents the maximum absorption capacity of the power grid to the wind storage combined system in a certain period, and if the output of the wind storage combined system exceeds the upper limit value, the power grid cannot absorb the output; the lower bound of the range represents the minimum output requirement of a certain period of time on the wind storage combined system, and in some areas with high wind power permeability, when the system load is in a peak period, the power grid can not meet the load requirement only by depending on the traditional unit due to various constraint limits, so the wind storage combined system is required to provide support.
(1-4-1) grid-connected output power upper bound of wind storage combined system at each time interval every day
And taking the sum of the maximum grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval as a target function to obtain the upper bound of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day.
Figure BDA0002580454770000032
(1-4-2) grid-connected output power lower bound of wind storage combined system at each time interval every day
And taking the sum of the minimum grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval as a target function to obtain the lower bound of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day.
Figure BDA0002580454770000033
The dispatching instruction of the grid side to the wind storage combined system can be obtained by solving the optimization problems (5) and (6), so that a reference basis is provided for the generation grid-connected planning formulation of the wind storage combined system, and the safe and stable operation of the whole system is ensured.
(2) Two-stage optimization scheduling wind storage combined system power generation grid-connected plan, and real-time stage rolling optimization power generation grid-connected plan based on ultra-short-term wind power prediction
Based on the active power dispatching instruction of the power grid side, the wind storage combined system makes a corresponding power generation grid-connected plan with the aim of pursuing the maximization of the benefits of the wind storage combined system. The scheduling of the wind storage combined system is divided into a day-ahead stage and a real-time stage.
(2-1) active power scheduling strategy of wind power storage combined system at day-ahead stage
In day-ahead optimization scheduling, the wind storage combined system maximizes grid-connected power benefits based on day-ahead wind power prediction and energy storage SoC charging and discharging characteristics. The day-ahead scheduling constraint of the wind storage combined system at each time interval comprises:
(2-1-1) Power balance Condition
The day-ahead grid-connected power of the wind storage combined system is equal to the sum of the energy storage day-ahead charging power and the energy storage day-ahead discharging power subtracted by the day-ahead generating power of the wind generating set. The day-ahead power balance condition of the wind storage combined system is described as follows:
Figure BDA0002580454770000034
wherein, Pt onRepresenting the day-ahead grid-connected power, P, of the wind-storage combined systemt wRepresenting the day-ahead generated power, P, of the wind turbinet cIndicating the storage day-ahead charging power, Pt dsIndicating the energy storage day-ahead discharge power. Pt wAnd Pt onWind power generation that should satisfy the day-ahead time period t respectivelyMaximum capacity limit and grid-side grid-connected power range constraint:
0≤Pt w≤Pt wm (8)
Figure BDA0002580454770000041
wherein, Pt wmRepresenting the maximum capacity, P, of the wind turbine generator unit during a period t of time before the dayt wglRepresenting the lower limit of grid-connected power, P, of the wind storage combined system in a time period tt wgmAnd representing the grid-connected power upper limit of the wind storage combined system in a time period t.
(2-1-2) energy storage SoC dynamic and energy storage SoC range constraint
And the energy storage SoC in the next time interval t +1 is equal to the energy storage SoC in the current time interval t plus the energy storage charging power minus the energy storage discharging power. The energy storage SoC dynamic description is:
Figure BDA0002580454770000042
wherein E istRepresenting the time t of the stored energy SoC, ηcIndicating the charging efficiency of stored energy, ηdIndicating the energy storage discharge efficiency.
The energy storage SoC is always within the energy storage capacity range. The energy storage SoC range constraint is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000043
wherein E islDenotes the lower limit of the energy storage SoC, EmRepresenting the upper limit of the energy storage SoC.
(2-1-3) energy storage charging/discharging power constraint
The stored energy may be in a charged state, a discharged state, and neither charged nor discharged state at a time t before the day, but the stored energy may not be simultaneously charged and discharged. The stored energy charging/discharging power is between the upper and lower limits of the charging/discharging power. The energy storage charge/discharge power constraint is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000044
wherein, PsmRepresenting the upper limit of the stored energy charging/discharging power, alphatAnd betatAnd (3) representing complementary binary variables to prevent the energy storage from charging and discharging simultaneously.
(2-1-4) active power scheduling plan of wind-storage combined system at day-ahead stage
In the day-ahead stage, the wind storage combined system takes the maximization of grid-connected power benefit and the minimization of wind curtailment power penalty as objective functions to obtain an active power dispatching plan of the wind storage combined system in each period of the day-ahead stage.
Figure BDA0002580454770000045
max{obj|s.t.(7)-(12)} (13)
Wherein k ise,tRepresenting the electricity price, k, of the time period tcur,tRepresenting the wind curtailment penalty cost for time period t.
(2-2) active power scheduling strategy of real-time stage wind power storage combined system
In the real-time optimization scheduling, the wind power plant tracks the power generation plan of each period of time before the day by using the stored energy, and the deviation and the volatility of the output power are reduced as much as possible. The wind storage combined system introduces ultra-short-term wind power prediction on the basis of a day-ahead power generation plan, and optimizes the power generation plan and grid-connected power at each time interval in a rolling manner. The ultra-short-term wind power prediction is prediction of wind power output in each period of 4 hours in the future every 15 minutes. For any time period t, optimizing a power generation plan based on the ultra-short-term wind power prediction information of future time periods t, … and t +15, and tracking the power generation plan before the day to the maximum extent while ensuring benefits; and when the time reaches the next period, repeating the scheduling process until the end of one day. Similar to the day-ahead optimization scheduling, for any time period t, …, t +15 of the real-time rolling optimization phase, the wind storage combined system real-time scheduling constraint includes:
(2-2-1) Power balance Condition
The real-time grid-connected power of the wind storage combined system is equal to the sum of the real-time power generation power of the wind turbine generator, the energy storage real-time charging power and the energy storage real-time discharging power. The real-time power balance condition of the wind-storage combined system is described as follows:
Pt ON＝Pt W-Pt C+Pt DS (14)
wherein, Pt ONRepresenting the grid-connected power P of the wind-storage combined system in real timet WRepresenting the generated power of the wind turbine generator in a real-time period t, Pt CRepresenting the real-time period t stored energy charging power, Pt DSRepresenting the real time period t stored energy discharge power. Pt WAnd Pt ONThe method respectively meets the maximum capacity limit of wind power generation and the grid-connected power range constraint of a power grid side in a real-time period t:
0≤Pt W≤Pt WM,Pt wgl≤Pt ON≤Pt wgm (15)
wherein, Pt WMRepresenting the maximum capacity of the wind generating set in a real-time period t.
(2-2-2) energy storage SoC dynamic and energy storage SoC range constraint
The energy storage SoC in the next time period t +1 is equal to the energy storage SoC in the current time period t plus the energy storage charging power minus the energy storage discharging power. The energy storage SoC dynamic description is:
Et+1＝Et+ηcPt C-1/ηdPt DS (16)
the energy storage SoC is always within the range of energy storage capacity. The energy storage SoC range constraint is described as:
El≤Et≤Em (17)
(2-2-3) energy storage charging/discharging power constraint
The stored energy can be in a charging state, a discharging state and neither a charging nor a discharging state in a real-time period t, but the stored energy cannot be charged and discharged simultaneously. The stored energy charging/discharging power is between the upper and lower limits of the charging/discharging power. The energy storage charge/discharge power constraint is described as:
0≤Pt C≤αtPsm,0≤Pt DS≤βtPsm,αt+βt＝1 (18)
(2-2-4) active power rolling scheduling plan of wind storage combined system at real-time stage
In the real-time stage, the total income of the wind storage combined system consists of three parts. The first part is the income of the wind storage combined system to the electricity selling of the power grid, the second part is the punishment of the wind abandonment phenomenon of the wind storage combined system, the third part is the deviation punishment of the wind storage combined system tracking the day-ahead power generation plan, and the combination of the three is the total income of the wind storage combined system. Recording 3 parts of the objective function of each time period t as grid-connected power benefits f of the wind storage combined system1Wind curtailment penalty f2And a planned generation power tracking offset penalty f3Considering the current time period t and the next 15(t +1, …, t +15) time periods, and rolling and optimizing the active power scheduling plan of the wind storage combined system in each time period at the real-time stage:
Figure BDA0002580454770000061
Figure BDA0002580454770000062
Figure BDA0002580454770000063
max{f＝f1-f2-f3|s.t.(14)-(18)} (19)
wherein k ispu,tRepresents a planned generation power tracking offset penalty cost.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention establishes a coordinated dispatching model which comprehensively considers the dispatching instruction requirement of the power grid side and the power generation plan of the wind storage combined system side, thereby improving the friendliness of the wind storage combined system to be connected into the power grid, improving the economy and simultaneously reducing the wind abandon level. On the basis of considering the blocking of a power grid channel, the wind storage combined system yield is optimized, the wind abandoning rate can be greatly reduced, the yield of a wind power plant is improved, and the safe and stable operation of a power grid can be ensured. The invention considers the problem of linear programming and mixed integer linear programming formed by a wind storage combined system two-stage optimization scheduling model of safe and stable operation of a power grid, and can be efficiently solved by mature commercial software.
Detailed Description
According to the optimal scheduling method of the multi-time scale wind storage combined system, all scheduling models in the method take 15 minutes as time interval, so that a typical operation day comprises T-96 time intervals. The optimal scheduling method of the multi-time scale wind storage combined system comprises the following steps:
(1) generating scheduling instruction of grid side wind storage combined system
From the perspective of a power grid company, a power grid is used as an access party of the wind storage combined system, and in order to ensure safe and stable operation of the power grid and achieve the optimal effect of network access of the wind storage system, safe and stable operation of the system is used as constraint, grid-connected penetration of wind power and electricity is maximized, and therefore a scheduling instruction of the wind storage combined system on the side of the power grid is generated. Wherein the grid operating constraints include:
(1-1) node Power balance Condition
Each node meets the energy conservation law, namely the net injected power of the node is equal to the sum of the generated power of the node minus the load requirement of the node.
The node power balancing conditions are described as follows:
Figure BDA0002580454770000071
Figure BDA0002580454770000072
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002580454770000073
and
Figure BDA0002580454770000074
respectively representing the net injected power, generated power and load demand of node i during time period t. If each node is connected with the traditional generator and wind storage combined system, the power generation input power comprises
Figure BDA0002580454770000075
And
Figure BDA0002580454770000076
(1-2) Transmission leg Power flow Limit constraints
And the power flow of each transmission branch is equal to the sum of the injected power of each power generation node multiplied by the power transfer distribution factor from each power generation node to the transmission branch, and the power flow distribution is within the maximum bearing capacity of the branch. The branch flow limit constraints are described as follows:
Figure BDA0002580454770000077
wherein, FlIndicating the transmission capacity, PTDF, of a transmission branch lilRepresenting the power transfer profile factor from node i to branch i.
(1-3) other operational limits
(1-3-1) conventional Generator Capacity Limit
The generated power of the traditional generator is between the lower limit of power generation and the maximum capacity of power generation. The traditional generator capacity limit is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000078
wherein, Pi lRepresents the lower limit of the power generation of the conventional generator, Pi mRepresenting the maximum power generation capacity of a conventional generator.
(1-3-2) wind-storage combined system output power limitation
The wind-storage combined system only outputs power to the power grid in a single direction and does not receive power from the power grid. The wind-storage combined system output power limit is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000079
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00025804547700000710
representing the output power, P, of the grid side wind-storage combined systeml wgAnd the lower limit of the output power of the wind storage combined system is represented.
(1-4) scheduling instruction of power grid side wind storage combined system
On the basis of considering the operation constraint of the power grid, the dispatching instruction of the power grid side to the wind storage combined system is an output range. The upper limit of the range represents the maximum absorption capacity of the power grid to the wind storage combined system in a certain period, and if the output of the wind storage combined system exceeds the upper limit value, the power grid cannot absorb the output; the lower bound of the range represents the minimum output requirement of a certain period of time on the wind storage combined system, and in some areas with high wind power permeability, when the system load is in a peak period, the power grid can not meet the load requirement only by depending on the traditional unit due to various constraint limits, so the wind storage combined system is required to provide support.
(1-4-1) grid-connected output power upper bound of wind storage combined system at each time interval every day
And taking the sum of the maximum grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval as a target function to obtain the upper bound of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day.
Figure BDA0002580454770000081
(1-4-2) grid-connected output power lower bound of wind storage combined system at each time interval every day
And taking the sum of the minimum grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval as a target function to obtain the lower bound of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day.
Figure BDA0002580454770000082
The dispatching instruction of the grid side to the wind storage combined system can be obtained by solving the optimization problems (5) and (6), so that a reference basis is provided for the generation grid-connected planning formulation of the wind storage combined system, and the safe and stable operation of the whole system is ensured.
(2) Two-stage active power scheduling strategy of wind power generation and storage combined system
Based on the active power dispatching instruction of the power grid side, the wind storage combined system makes a corresponding power generation grid-connected plan with the aim of pursuing the maximization of the benefits of the wind storage combined system. The wind storage combined system scheduling is divided into a day-ahead stage and a real-time stage.
(2-1) generating active power scheduling strategy of wind power storage combined system at day-ahead stage
In day-ahead optimization scheduling, the wind storage combined system optimizes and maximizes grid-connected power benefits based on day-ahead wind power prediction and energy storage SoC charge-discharge characteristics. The day-ahead scheduling constraint of the wind storage combined system at each time interval comprises:
(2-1-1) Power balance Condition
The day-ahead grid-connected power of the wind storage combined system is equal to the sum of the energy storage day-ahead charging power and the energy storage day-ahead discharging power subtracted by the day-ahead generating power of the wind turbine generator. The day-ahead power balance condition of the wind storage combined system is described as follows:
Figure BDA0002580454770000083
wherein, Pt onRepresenting the day-ahead grid-connected power, P, of the wind-storage combined systemt wRepresenting the day-ahead generated power, P, of the wind turbinet cRepresenting the charging power, P, before the energy storage dayt dsIndicating the energy storage day-ahead discharge power. Pt wAnd Pt onThe maximum capacity limit of wind power generation and the grid-connected power range constraint of the power grid side in the day-ahead time period t are respectively met:
0≤Pt w≤Pt wm (8)
Figure BDA0002580454770000091
wherein, Pt wmRepresenting the maximum capacity, P, of the wind turbine generator unit during a period t of time before the dayt wglRepresenting the lower limit of grid-connected power, P, of the wind storage combined system in a time period tt wgmAnd representing the grid-connected power upper limit of the wind storage combined system in a time period t.
(2-1-2) energy storage SoC dynamic and energy storage SoC range constraint
And the energy storage SoC in the next time interval t +1 is equal to the energy storage SoC in the current time interval t plus the energy storage charging power minus the energy storage discharging power. The energy storage SoC dynamic description is:
Figure BDA0002580454770000092
wherein E istRepresenting the time t of the stored energy SoC, ηcIndicating the charging efficiency of stored energy, ηdIndicating the energy storage discharge efficiency.
The energy storage SoC is always within the range of energy storage capacity. The energy storage SoC range constraint is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000093
wherein E islDenotes the lower limit of the energy storage SoC, EmRepresenting the upper limit of the energy storage SoC.
(2-1-3) energy storage charging/discharging power constraint
The stored energy may be in a charged state, a discharged state, and neither charged nor discharged state at a time t before the day, but the stored energy may not be simultaneously charged and discharged. The stored energy charging/discharging power is between the upper and lower limits of the charging/discharging power. The energy storage charge/discharge power constraint is described as:
Figure BDA0002580454770000094
wherein, PsmRepresenting the upper limit of the stored energy charging/discharging power, alphatAnd betatAnd (3) representing complementary binary variables to prevent the energy storage from being charged and discharged simultaneously.
(2-1-4) active power scheduling plan of wind-storage combined system at day-ahead stage
In the day-ahead stage, the wind storage combined system takes the maximization of grid-connected power benefit and the minimization of wind curtailment power penalty as objective functions to obtain an active power dispatching plan of the wind storage combined system in each period of the day-ahead stage.
Figure BDA0002580454770000095
max{obj|s.t.(7)-(12)} (13)
Wherein k ise,tRepresenting the electricity price, k, of the time period tcur,tRepresenting the wind curtailment penalty cost for time period t.
(2-2) generating active power scheduling strategy of real-time stage wind power storage combined system
In the real-time optimization scheduling, the wind power plant tracks the power generation plan of each period of time before the day by using the stored energy, and the deviation and the volatility of the output power are reduced as much as possible. The wind storage combined system introduces ultra-short-term wind power prediction on the basis of a day-ahead power generation plan, and the power generation plan and grid-connected power at each time interval are optimized in a rolling mode. The ultra-short-term wind power prediction is prediction of wind power output in each period of 4 hours in the future every 15 minutes. For any time period t, optimizing a power generation plan based on the ultra-short-term wind power prediction information of future time periods t, … and t +15, and tracking the power generation plan before the day to the maximum extent while ensuring benefits; and when the time reaches the next period, repeating the scheduling process until the end of one day. Similar to the day-ahead optimization scheduling, for any time period t, …, t +15 of the real-time rolling optimization phase, the wind storage combined system real-time scheduling constraint includes:
(2-2-1) Power balance Condition
The real-time grid-connected power of the wind storage combined system is equal to the sum of the real-time power generation power of the wind turbine generator, the energy storage real-time charging power and the energy storage real-time discharging power. The real-time power balance condition of the wind-storage combined system is described as follows:
Pt ON＝Pt W-Pt C+Pt DS (14)
wherein, Pt ONRepresenting the grid-connected power P of the wind-storage combined system in real timet WRepresenting the generated power of the wind turbine generator in a real-time period t, Pt CRepresenting the real-time period t stored energy charging power, Pt DSRepresenting the real time period t stored energy discharge power. P ist WAnd Pt ONThe method respectively meets the maximum capacity limit of wind power generation and the grid-connected power range constraint of a power grid side in a real-time period t:
0≤Pt W≤Pt WM,Pt wgl≤Pt ON≤Pt wgm (15)
wherein, Pt WMRepresenting the maximum capacity of the wind generating set in a real-time period t.
(2-2-2) energy storage SoC dynamic and energy storage SoC range constraint
The energy storage SoC in the next time period t +1 is equal to the energy storage SoC in the current time period t plus the energy storage charging power minus the energy storage discharging power. The energy storage SoC dynamic description is:
Et+1＝Et+ηcPt C-1/ηdPt DS (16)
the energy storage SoC is always within the range of energy storage capacity. The energy storage SoC range constraint is described as:
El≤Et≤Em (17)
(2-2-3) energy storage charging/discharging power constraint
The stored energy can be in a charging state, a discharging state and neither a charging nor a discharging state in a real-time period t, but the stored energy cannot be charged and discharged simultaneously. The stored energy charging/discharging power is between the upper and lower limits of the charging/discharging power. The energy storage charge/discharge power constraint is described as:
0≤Pt C≤αtPsm,0≤Pt DS≤βtPsm,αt+βt＝1 (18)
(2-2-4) active power rolling scheduling plan of wind storage combined system at real-time stage
In the real-time stage, the total income of the wind storage combined system consists of three parts. The first part is the income of the wind storage combined system to the electricity selling of the power grid, the second part is the punishment of the wind abandonment phenomenon of the wind storage combined system, the third part is the deviation punishment of the wind storage combined system tracking the day-ahead power generation plan, and the combination of the three is the total income of the wind storage combined system. Recording 3 parts of the objective function of each time period t as grid-connected power benefits f of the wind storage combined system1Wind curtailment penalty f2And a planned generation power tracking offset penalty f3Considering the current time period t and the next 15(t +1, …, t +15) time periods, and rolling and optimizing the active power scheduling plan of the wind storage combined system in each time period at the real-time stage:
Figure BDA0002580454770000111
Figure BDA0002580454770000112
Figure BDA0002580454770000113
max{f＝f1-f2-f3|s.t.(14)-(18)} (19)
wherein k ispu,tRepresents a planned generation power tracking offset penalty cost.
The invention establishes a coordinated dispatching model which comprehensively considers the dispatching instruction requirement of the power grid side and the power generation plan of the wind storage combined system side, thereby improving the friendliness of the wind storage combined system to be connected into the power grid, improving the economy and simultaneously reducing the wind abandon level. On the basis of considering the blocking of a power grid channel, the wind storage combined system yield is optimized, the wind abandoning rate can be greatly reduced, the yield of a wind power plant is improved, and the safe and stable operation of a power grid can be ensured. The invention considers the problem that the wind storage combined system two-stage optimization scheduling model of the safe and stable operation of the power grid forms linear programming and mixed integer linear programming, and can be efficiently solved by mature commercial software.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (1)

1. A multi-time scale wind storage combined system optimal scheduling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) generating a wind storage combined system dispatching instruction considering the safe and stable operation of the system at the power grid side;
the method comprises the following steps of taking safe and stable operation of a system as constraint, maximizing wind power grid-connected penetration, and generating a wind storage combined system dispatching instruction of which the safe and stable operation of the system is considered at a power grid side, wherein the power grid operation constraint comprises the following steps:
(1-1) a node power balance condition;
each node meets the energy conservation law, namely the net injection power of the node is equal to the sum of the generated power of the node minus the load requirement of the node; the node power balancing conditions are described as follows:
Figure FDA0003539337990000011
Figure FDA0003539337990000012
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003539337990000013
and
Figure FDA0003539337990000014
respectively representing the net injected power, the generated power and the load demand of the node i in the time period t; if each node is connected with the traditional generator and wind storage combined system, the power generation input power comprises
Figure FDA0003539337990000015
And
Figure FDA0003539337990000016
(1-2) transmitting branch power flow limit constraints;
the power flow of each transmission branch is equal to the sum of the injected power of each power generation node multiplied by the power transfer distribution factor from each power generation node to the transmission branch, and the power flow distribution is within the maximum bearing capacity of the branch; the branch flow limit constraints are described as follows:
Figure FDA0003539337990000017
wherein, FlIndicating the transmission capacity, PTDF, of a transmission branch lilRepresents the power transfer profile factor from node i to branch l;
(1-3) other operational limits;
(1-3-1) conventional generator capacity limitations;
the generated power of the traditional generator is between the lower limit of power generation and the maximum capacity of power generation; the traditional generator capacity limit is described as:
Figure FDA0003539337990000018
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure FDA0003539337990000019
represents the lower limit of the power generation of the traditional generator,
Figure FDA00035393379900000110
represents the maximum generating capacity of the traditional generator;
(1-3-2) limiting the output power of the wind storage combined system;
the wind-storage combined system only outputs power to the power grid in a single direction and does not receive power from the power grid; the wind-storage combined system output power limit is described as:
Figure FDA00035393379900000111
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00035393379900000112
representing the output power, P, of the grid side wind-storage combined systeml wgRepresenting the lower limit of the output power of the wind storage combined system;
(1-4) scheduling instructions of the grid side wind storage combined system;
on the basis of considering the operation constraint of the power grid, the dispatching instruction of the power grid side to the wind storage combined system is an output range; the upper bound of the range represents the maximum absorption capacity of the power grid to the wind storage combined system in a certain period, and if the output of the wind storage combined system exceeds the upper bound of the range, the power grid cannot absorb the output of the wind storage combined system; the lower bound of the range represents the minimum output requirement of a certain time period on the wind storage combined system, and in some areas with high wind power permeability, when the system load is in a peak period, the power grid can not meet the load requirement only by depending on the traditional unit due to various constraint limitations, so the wind storage combined system is required to provide support;
(1-4-1) grid-connected output power upper bound of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day;
the sum of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval is maximized to serve as a target function, and the upper bound of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day is obtained;
Figure FDA0003539337990000021
(1-4-2) grid-connected output power lower bound of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day;
the sum of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval is minimized as a target function, and the lower bound of the grid-connected output power of the wind storage combined system at each time interval every day is obtained;
Figure FDA0003539337990000022
the dispatching instruction of the grid side to the wind storage combined system can be obtained by solving the optimization problems (5) and (6), so that a reference basis is provided for the generation grid-connected planning of the wind storage combined system, and the safe and stable operation of the whole system is ensured;
(2) optimizing and scheduling a wind storage combined system power generation grid-connected plan in two stages, and predicting and rolling and optimizing the power generation grid-connected plan based on ultra-short-term wind power in a real-time stage;
based on the active power scheduling instruction of the power grid side, the wind storage combined system makes a corresponding power generation grid-connected plan with the aim of pursuing the maximization of the benefit of the wind storage combined system; the wind storage combined system scheduling is divided into a day-ahead stage and a real-time stage;
(2-1) active power scheduling strategy of wind storage combined system at day-ahead stage
In day-ahead optimization scheduling, a wind storage combined system maximizes grid-connected power benefits based on day-ahead wind power prediction and energy storage SoC charge-discharge characteristics; the day-ahead scheduling constraint of the wind storage combined system at each time interval comprises:
(2-1-1) power balance conditions;
the day-ahead grid-connected power of the wind storage combined system is equal to the sum of the energy storage day-ahead charging power and the energy storage day-ahead discharging power subtracted by the day-ahead generating power of the wind turbine generator; the day-ahead power balance condition of the wind storage combined system is described as follows:
Figure FDA0003539337990000023
wherein, Pt onRepresenting the day-ahead grid-connected power, P, of the wind-storage combined systemt wIndicating day-ahead power generation of wind turbine generatorPower, Pt cRepresenting the charging power, P, before the energy storage dayt dsRepresenting the discharge power before the energy storage day; pt wAnd Pt onThe maximum capacity limit of wind power generation and the grid-connected power range constraint of a power grid side in a day-ahead time period t are respectively met:
0≤Pt w≤Pt wm (8)
Figure FDA0003539337990000031
wherein, Pt wmRepresenting the maximum capacity, P, of the wind turbine generator unit during a period t of time before the dayt wglRepresenting the lower limit of grid-connected power, P, of the wind storage combined system in a time period tt wgmRepresenting the grid-connected power upper limit of the wind storage combined system in a time period t;
(2-1-2) energy storage SoC dynamic and energy storage SoC range constraint;
the energy storage SoC in the next time period t +1 is equal to the energy storage SoC in the current time period t plus the energy storage charging power minus the energy storage discharging power; the energy storage SoC dynamics are described as:
Figure FDA0003539337990000032
wherein, EtRepresenting the time t of the stored energy SoC, ηcIndicating the charging efficiency of stored energy, ηdThe energy storage discharge efficiency is represented;
the energy storage SoC is always within the range of energy storage capacity; the energy storage SoC range constraint is described as:
Figure FDA0003539337990000035
wherein, ElDenotes the lower limit of the energy storage SoC, EmRepresenting the upper limit of the energy storage SoC;
(2-1-3) energy storage charging/discharging power constraint;
the stored energy can be in a charging state, a discharging state and neither charging nor discharging state in the day-ahead time period t, but the stored energy can not be charged and discharged simultaneously; the energy storage charging/discharging power is between the upper limit and the lower limit of the charging/discharging power; the energy storage charge/discharge power constraint is described as:
Figure FDA0003539337990000033
wherein, PsmRepresenting the upper limit of the stored energy charging/discharging power, alphatAnd betatRepresenting complementary binary variables to prevent energy storage from charging and discharging at the same time;
(2-1-4) scheduling the active power of the wind-storage combined system at the stage before the day;
in the day-ahead stage, the wind storage combined system takes the maximized grid-connected power benefit and the minimized wind curtailment power penalty as objective functions to obtain an active power dispatching plan of the wind storage combined system in each period of the day-ahead stage;
Figure FDA0003539337990000034
max{obj|s.t.(7)-(12)} (13)
wherein k ise,tRepresenting the electricity price, k, of the time period tcur,tRepresenting a wind curtailment penalty cost of the time period t;
(2-2) scheduling strategies of active power of the wind power storage combined system in real time;
in the real-time optimization scheduling, the wind power plant tracks the power generation plan of each time period before the day by using the stored energy, and reduces the deviation and the volatility of output power as much as possible; the wind storage combined system introduces ultra-short-term wind power prediction on the basis of a day-ahead power generation plan, and the power generation plan and grid-connected power at each time interval are optimized in a rolling manner; the ultra-short-term wind power prediction is prediction of wind power output in each time period of 4 hours in the future every 15 minutes; for any time period t, optimizing a power generation plan based on the ultra-short-term wind power prediction information of future time periods t, … and t +15, and tracking the power generation plan before the day to the maximum extent while ensuring benefits; when the time reaches the next period, repeating the real-time optimization scheduling until the end of one day; similar to the day-ahead optimization scheduling, for any time period t, …, t +15 of the real-time rolling optimization phase, the wind storage combined system real-time scheduling constraint includes:
(2-2-1) power balance conditions;
the real-time grid-connected power of the wind storage combined system is equal to the sum of the real-time power generation power of the wind turbine generator, the energy storage real-time charging power and the energy storage real-time discharging power; the real-time power balance condition of the wind storage combined system is described as follows:
Pt ON＝Pt W-Pt C+Pt DS (14)
wherein, Pt ONRepresenting the grid-connected power P of the wind-storage combined system in real timet WRepresenting the generated power of the wind turbine generator in a real-time period t, Pt CRepresenting the real-time period t stored energy charging power, Pt DSRepresenting the real-time period t stored energy discharge power; pt WAnd Pt ONThe method respectively meets the maximum capacity limit of wind power generation and the grid-connected power range constraint of a power grid side in a real-time period t:
0≤Pt W≤Pt WM,Pt wgl≤Pt ON≤Pt wgm (15)
wherein, Pt WMRepresenting the maximum capacity of the wind generating set in a real-time period t;
(2-2-2) energy storage SoC dynamic and energy storage SoC range constraint;
the energy storage SoC in the next time period t +1 is equal to the energy storage SoC in the current time period t plus the energy storage charging power minus the energy storage discharging power; the energy storage SoC dynamic description is:
Et+1＝Et+ηcPt C-1/ηdPt DS (16)
the energy storage SoC is always within the range of energy storage capacity; the energy storage SoC range constraint is described as:
El≤Et≤Em (17)
(2-2-3) energy storage charging/discharging power constraint;
the stored energy can be in a charging state, a discharging state and neither charging nor discharging state in a real-time period t, but the stored energy can not be charged and discharged simultaneously; the energy storage charging/discharging power is between the upper limit and the lower limit of the charging/discharging power; the energy storage charge/discharge power constraint is described as:
0≤Pt C≤αtPsm,0≤Pt DS≤βtPsm,αt+βt＝1 (18)
(2-2-4) carrying out real-time stage active power rolling scheduling plan on the wind storage combined system;
in the real-time stage, the total income of the wind storage combined system consists of three parts; the first part is the income of the wind storage combined system to the electricity selling of the power grid, the second part is the punishment of the wind abandon phenomenon of the wind storage combined system, the third part is the deviation punishment of the wind storage combined system for tracking the day-ahead power generation plan, and the combination of the three parts is the total income of the wind storage combined system; recording 3 parts of the objective function of each time period t as grid-connected power benefits f of the wind storage combined system1Wind curtailment penalty f2And a planned generation power tracking offset penalty f3Considering the current time period t and the next 15(t +1, …, t +15) time periods, and rolling and optimizing the active power scheduling plan of the wind storage combined system in each time period at the real-time stage:
Figure FDA0003539337990000051
Figure FDA0003539337990000052
Figure FDA0003539337990000053
max{f＝f1-f2-f3|s.t.(14)-(18)} (19)
wherein k ispu,tRepresents the planned generation power tracking offset penalty cost.
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