CN111769256A - Sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon cathode material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the silicon-carbon cathode material is similar to a sandwich rod in shape and consists of a carbon nanotube layer, a silicon layer, a polydopamine carbon layer and a graphene layer from inside to outside, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound; s2: preparing a carbon nano tube/silicon compound; s3: preparing a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine compound; s4: preparing a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound; s5: and (3) preparing a silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material can effectively inhibit the overgrowth of an SEI film, improve the coulombic efficiency, obviously improve the conductivity of the material, improve the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode material, prevent a silicon layer from being pulverized after being exposed in electrolyte, and improve the cycle performance and energy density of a lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery cathode materials, and particularly relates to a sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon cathode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery is a green high-energy environment-friendly battery, and has the outstanding advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, no memory effect, long cycle life, small self-discharge and the like, so that the lithium ion battery is widely applied and paid attention to the applications of mobile phone batteries, mobile power supplies, electric automobiles and the like. The lithium ion battery is widely applied to new energy automobiles as a power battery, and as the safety performance, the energy density, the high rate performance and the cycle life of the lithium ion battery are further improved, no material can completely meet the requirements of an automobile power system on the lithium ion battery at present.
In order to develop a lithium ion battery suitable for a new energy automobile, researchers mainly focus on anode and cathode materials at the present stage. At present, graphite is mainly used as a negative electrode material, but the specific capacity and the lithium removal potential of the negative electrode material are low, and the low lithium removal potential (only 0.05V) causes a safety problem, so that the application of the graphite in a large-capacity battery is limited. The appearance of silicon gives great hope to new energy automobiles, has the characteristics of the highest theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh & g < -1 >), moderate lithium removal potential (< 0.5V vs Li +/Li) and abundant reserve of 27.6 percent and the like, and is greatly valued by researchers. However, silicon has poor conductivity, and when the highest specific capacity is reached, the volume expansion of silicon is as high as more than 300%, which seriously affects the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, and finally leads to the vicious cycle of electrochemical performance, thereby limiting the commercial application of silicon.
Therefore, the prior art has yet to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to improve the conductivity and coulombic efficiency of the silicon-based material, improve the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode material and improve the cycle performance and energy density of a lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the silicon-carbon cathode material is similar to a sandwich rod in shape and consists of a carbon nanotube layer, a silicon layer, a polydopamine carbon layer and a graphene layer from inside to outside, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: dispersing carbon nanotubes in a mixed solution containing deionized water, ethanol and ammonia water, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring at room temperature for 30-60 min, and then washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain a carbon nanotube/silicon dioxide compound;
s2: depositing a layer of silicon on the surface of the carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound through chemical vapor deposition, then adopting 3-10 wt% hydrofluoric acid to etch for 2-5 h, removing the silicon dioxide layer, and cleaning with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon compound;
s3: adding dopamine hydrochloride into a buffer solution to prepare a certain concentration, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon composite, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, stirring for 12-24 h, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/poly-dopamine composite;
s4: dispersing graphene oxide in deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion liquid with a certain concentration, adding the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite, heating to 50-80 ℃, stirring for 5-12 h, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide composite;
s5: and (3) placing the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound in a muffle furnace with inert gas, heating at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 2-5 h to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod.
In the technical scheme, in the steps of the sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof, the diameter of the carbon nano tube is 20-80 nm, and preferably, the diameter of the carbon nano tube is 30-50 nm.
The thickness of the silicon layer is 20-50 nm, and preferably, the thickness of the silicon layer is 30-40 nm.
The thickness of the hollow layer between the carbon nano tube and the silicon layer is 30-60 nm, and preferably, the thickness of the hollow layer between the carbon nano tube and the silicon layer is 30-50 nm.
The mass ratio of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite to the dopamine hydrochloride in the step S3 is 2: 1-1: 3, and preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite to the dopamine hydrochloride in the step S3 is 1: 1-1: 2.
The concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride solution in the step S3 is 0.05-1 mg/mL, and preferably, the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride solution in the step S3 is 0.1-0.8 mg/mL.
The concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid in the step S4 is 0.1-2 mg/mL, preferably, the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid in the step S4 is 0.5-1.5 mg/mL.
The heat treatment temperature in the step S5 is 500-800 ℃, preferably, the heat treatment temperature in the step S5 is 700-800 ℃.
The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the carbon nano tube is used as a matrix, the silicon dioxide is used as a sacrificial template, and a silicon layer is generated by a CVD method to prepare the carbon nano tube/silicon coaxial hollow structure, so that the volume expansion of a silicon-based material can be relieved, the overgrowth of an SEI film can be inhibited, and the coulombic efficiency can be improved;
(2) according to the invention, the surface of the silicon layer is coated with the polydopamine layer and the graphene oxide layer, the polydopamine layer and the graphene oxide layer are carbonized and reduced through high-temperature heat treatment, the conductivity of the material can be obviously improved, meanwhile, the polydopamine carbon layer has enough elasticity, the silicon layer is tightly fixed on the reduced graphene oxide sheet through covalent bonds or hydrogen bonds, a good buffer space can be provided for the volume expansion of silicon, and the silicon layer can be effectively prevented from being pulverized after being exposed in electrolyte;
(3) the sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon cathode material prepared by the invention can effectively improve the conductivity and the coulombic efficiency of the silicon-based material, improve the volume expansion of the silicon cathode material and improve the cycle performance and the energy density of a lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and the description in this section is only exemplary and explanatory and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
Example 1:
a kind of sandwich bar silicon carbon negative pole material and its preparation method, including the following steps:
s1: dispersing 1g of carbon nano tube in a mixed solution containing 500mL of deionized water, 500mL of ethanol and 40mL of ammonia water, then adding 60mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 30min at room temperature, and then washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound;
s2: depositing a layer of silicon on the surface of the carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound by chemical vapor deposition, then adopting 5wt% hydrofluoric acid to etch for 3h, removing the silicon dioxide layer, and cleaning for a plurality of times by using deionized water and ethanol to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon compound;
s3: adding dopamine hydrochloride into a buffer solution to prepare a concentration of 0.3mg/L, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon composite, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, stirring for 24 hours, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite;
s4: dispersing graphene oxide in deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion liquid with the concentration of 0.5mg/mL, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 10 hours, washing for several times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide composite;
s5: and (3) placing the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound in a muffle furnace with inert gas, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 2h to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod.
Example 2:
a kind of sandwich bar silicon carbon negative pole material and its preparation method, including the following steps:
s1: dispersing 1g of carbon nano tube in a mixed solution containing 500mL of deionized water, 500mL of ethanol and 40mL of ammonia water, then adding 60mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 30min at room temperature, and then washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound;
s2: depositing a layer of silicon on the surface of the carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound by chemical vapor deposition, then adopting 5wt% hydrofluoric acid to etch for 3h, removing the silicon dioxide layer, and cleaning for a plurality of times by using deionized water and ethanol to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon compound;
s3: adding dopamine hydrochloride into a buffer solution to prepare a concentration of 0.5mg/L, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon composite, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, stirring for 24 hours, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite;
s4: dispersing graphene oxide in deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion liquid with the concentration of 1mg/mL, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 10 hours, washing for several times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide composite;
s5: and (3) placing the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound in a muffle furnace with inert gas, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 2h to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod.
Example 3:
a kind of sandwich bar silicon carbon negative pole material and its preparation method, including the following steps:
s1: dispersing 1g of carbon nano tube in a mixed solution containing 500mL of deionized water, 500mL of ethanol and 40mL of ammonia water, then adding 60mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 30min at room temperature, and then washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound;
s2: depositing a layer of silicon on the surface of the carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound by chemical vapor deposition, then adopting 5wt% hydrofluoric acid to etch for 3h, removing the silicon dioxide layer, and cleaning for a plurality of times by using deionized water and ethanol to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon compound;
s3: adding dopamine hydrochloride into a buffer solution to prepare a concentration of 0.5mg/L, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon composite, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, stirring for 24 hours, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite;
s4: dispersing graphene oxide in deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion liquid with the concentration of 0.5mg/mL, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 10 hours, washing for several times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide composite;
s5: and (3) placing the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound in a muffle furnace with inert gas, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 2h to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod.
Example 4:
a kind of sandwich bar silicon carbon negative pole material and its preparation method, including the following steps:
s1: dispersing 1g of carbon nano tube in a mixed solution containing 500mL of deionized water, 500mL of ethanol and 40mL of ammonia water, then adding 60mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring for 30min at room temperature, and then washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound;
s2: depositing a layer of silicon on the surface of the carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound by chemical vapor deposition, then adopting 5wt% hydrofluoric acid to etch for 3h, removing the silicon dioxide layer, and cleaning for a plurality of times by using deionized water and ethanol to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon compound;
s3: adding dopamine hydrochloride into a buffer solution to prepare a concentration of 0.5mg/L, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon composite, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, stirring for 24 hours, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite;
s4: dispersing graphene oxide in deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion liquid with the concentration of 1.5mg/mL, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 10 hours, washing for several times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide composite;
s5: and (3) placing the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound in a muffle furnace with inert gas, heating to 700 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 2h to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod.
The invention provides a sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon cathode material and a preparation method thereof, which improve the conductivity and the coulombic efficiency of a silicon-based material, improve the volume expansion of the silicon cathode material, and improve the cycle performance and the energy density of a lithium ion battery.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon cathode material is characterized in that the silicon-carbon cathode material is similar to a sandwich rod in shape and consists of a carbon nanotube layer, a silicon layer, a polydopamine carbon layer and a graphene layer from inside to outside, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: dispersing carbon nanotubes in a mixed solution containing deionized water, ethanol and ammonia water, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring at room temperature for 30-60 min, and then washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain a carbon nanotube/silicon dioxide compound;
s2: depositing a layer of silicon on the surface of the carbon nano tube/silicon dioxide compound through chemical vapor deposition, then adopting 3-10 wt% hydrofluoric acid to etch for 2-5 h, removing the silicon dioxide layer, and cleaning with deionized water and ethanol for several times to obtain the carbon nano tube/silicon compound;
s3: adding dopamine hydrochloride into a buffer solution to prepare a certain concentration, then adding the carbon nano tube/silicon composite, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, stirring for 12-24 h, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/poly-dopamine composite;
s4: dispersing graphene oxide in deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion liquid with a certain concentration, adding the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine composite, heating to 50-80 ℃, stirring for 5-12 h, washing with deionized water and ethanol for several times, and drying in vacuum to obtain a carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide composite;
s5: and (3) placing the carbon nano tube/silicon/polydopamine/graphene oxide compound in a muffle furnace with inert gas, heating at a heating rate of 2-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat treatment for 2-5 h to obtain the silicon-carbon cathode material similar to the sandwich rod.
2. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the carbon nanotube is 20-80 nm.
3. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the silicon layer is 20-50 nm.
4. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the hollow layer between the carbon nanotube and the silicon layer is 30-60 nm.
5. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nanotube/silicon composite to the dopamine hydrochloride in step S3 is 2: 1-1: 3.
6. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon negative electrode material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride solution in the step S3 is 0.05-1 mg/mL.
7. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon anode material and the preparation method thereof of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid in the step S4 is 0.1-2 mg/mL.
8. The sandwich rod-like silicon-carbon anode material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment temperature in the step S5 is 500-800 ℃.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106941169A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-07-11 | 广东烛光新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| WO2017171505A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Electrode surface-coated by polymer film, method for producing same, and secondary battery comprising same |
| CN107381563A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 深圳格林德能源有限公司 | A kind of graphite cathode material and the fast charge lithium ion battery using the graphite |
| CN108598412A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-28 | 中南大学 | Silicon alloy composite negative pole material based on metallorganic and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2017171505A1 (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | Electrode surface-coated by polymer film, method for producing same, and secondary battery comprising same |
| CN107381563A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 深圳格林德能源有限公司 | A kind of graphite cathode material and the fast charge lithium ion battery using the graphite |
| CN106941169A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-07-11 | 广东烛光新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of silicon-carbon cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108598412A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-28 | 中南大学 | Silicon alloy composite negative pole material based on metallorganic and preparation method thereof |
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