CN111766166B - Device and method for measuring integrity of cement sheath damaged by alternating internal pressure of sleeve - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring integrity of cement sheath damaged by alternating internal pressure of sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN111766166B CN111766166B CN202010689698.8A CN202010689698A CN111766166B CN 111766166 B CN111766166 B CN 111766166B CN 202010689698 A CN202010689698 A CN 202010689698A CN 111766166 B CN111766166 B CN 111766166B
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the integrity of a cement sheath by alternating internal pressure of a sleeve, wherein the device comprises a kettle cover, a sleeve upper cover, a sleeve, a cement sheath, a rubber tube, a metal sleeve, a kettle annulus, a kettle body, a sleeve lower cover, a channeling detection gas injection port, a sleeve bottom inlet, a kettle body water outlet, a channeling detection gas inlet, a thermocouple, a kettle body water inlet, a channeling gas outlet and a sleeve upper cover gas outlet. The kettle body is characterized in that the sleeve, the cement ring, the rubber tube, the metal sleeve and the kettle body annulus are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the sleeve upper cover covers the top of the sleeve and the cement ring, the blowby gas outlet is arranged inside the sleeve upper cover, one end of the blowby gas outlet corresponds to the cement ring, the other end of the blowby gas outlet is communicated with the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover, the sleeve upper cover exhaust port is arranged in the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover, and the kettle cover is covered on the kettle body. The invention is used for simulating the influence of the inside of the sleeve on the integrity of the well cementation cement sheath under alternating load under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the ground.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas exploration, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring the damage to the integrity of a cement sheath by alternating internal pressure of a sleeve.
Background
In the process of drilling and completing well and subsequent production, if the integrity of the cement sheath is seriously invalid, the safety of a shaft, the development productivity and the environmental pollution are affected. Under the high internal pressure operation of the casing, the integrity of the cement sheath is inevitably damaged to a certain extent, and the wellhead sheath is pressurized when severe, so that the service life of an oil and gas well is influenced. The research on the integrity of the cement sheath at the present stage is mainly focused on analysis of theoretical models and finite element simulation, and the research and analysis are less through an indoor test simulation device, so that experimental factors are considered more singly.
Therefore, a relatively perfect device for testing the integrity of the cement sheath by the alternating internal pressure of the sleeve is needed, and experimental research and verification of a theoretical calculation model of the influence of the internal pressure of the sleeve on the integrity of the cement sheath are carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for measuring a casing, which are used for testing the influence of the unloading capacity of a well cementation cement sheath on the extrusion resistance of the casing under uniform load and non-uniform load under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of a simulated ground.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for measuring the integrity of a cement sheath by alternating internal pressure of a sleeve comprises a kettle cover, a sleeve upper cover, a sleeve, a cement sheath, a rubber tube, a metal sleeve, a kettle annulus, a kettle body, a sleeve lower cover, a channeling detection gas inlet, a sleeve bottom inlet, a kettle body water outlet, a channeling detection gas inlet, a thermocouple, a kettle body water inlet, a channeling gas outlet and a sleeve upper cover gas outlet.
The device comprises a kettle body annulus inlet valve, a kettle body pressure gauge, a pneumatic liquid booster pump, a water inlet valve, a booster valve, a pressure relief pump, a high-pressure relief valve, a sleeve valve, a kettle body annulus outlet valve, a channeling checking outlet valve, a sealed water tank, an electronic balance, a pressure relief valve, a pressure measuring inlet valve, a channeling checking pressure gauge, a channeling checking pressure regulator, a pneumatic booster pump and a booster valve.
The kettle body is characterized in that the sleeve, the cement ring, the rubber tube, the metal sleeve and the kettle body annulus are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the sleeve upper cover covers the top of the sleeve and the cement ring, the blowby gas outlet is arranged inside the sleeve upper cover, one end of the blowby gas outlet corresponds to the cement ring, the other end of the blowby gas outlet is communicated with the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover, the sleeve upper cover exhaust port is arranged in the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover, and the kettle cover is covered on the kettle body.
The side wall of the kettle body is sequentially provided with a kettle body water inlet, a thermocouple and a kettle body water outlet from top to bottom.
The sleeve lower cover is arranged at the bottoms of the sleeve and the cement sheath, the channeling checking air inlet is arranged inside the sleeve lower cover, one end of the channeling checking air inlet corresponds to the cement sheath, the other end of the channeling checking air inlet is arranged on the bottom and the inner wall of the kettle body, the channeling checking air inlet is arranged in the bottom wall of the kettle body, and the sleeve bottom inlet is arranged in the middle through hole of the sleeve lower cover.
The casing upper cover gas vent links to each other with connecting pipe a one end, and connecting pipe a other end links to each other with testing the play outlet valve one end, and testing the play outlet valve other end links to each other with connecting pipe b one end, and sealing water tank's one end is installed to the connecting pipe b other end, and sealing water tank's the other end links to each other with connecting pipe c's one end, and connecting pipe c's the other end is connected with electronic balance.
The kettle body water inlet on the kettle body is connected with one end of a connecting pipe d, the other end of the connecting pipe d is connected with an annular space inlet valve of the kettle body, the other end of the annular space inlet valve of the kettle body is connected with one end of a connecting pipe e, the connecting pipe e is respectively connected with connecting pipes (f and g), the other end of the connecting pipe g is connected with one end of a pressure release pump, the other end of the connecting pipe e is arranged on a pneumatic gas booster pump, the second end of the gas booster pump is connected with a water source through a connecting pipe h, a water inlet valve is arranged on the connecting pipe h, the third end of the gas booster pump is connected with one end of a connecting pipe i, and the other end of the connecting pipe i is connected with one end of a pressure boosting valve.
The kettle body outlet is connected with one end of the kettle body annular outlet valve through a connecting pipe j, the other end of the kettle body annular outlet valve is connected with a connecting pipe k, an inlet at the bottom of the sleeve is connected with one end of the sleeve valve through a connecting pipe l, the other end of the sleeve valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe m, the other end of the connecting pipe m is connected with one end of a high-pressure release valve, the other end of the high-pressure release valve is connected with a connecting pipe n, the connecting pipe n is connected with one end of a connecting pipe o, the other end of the connecting pipe o is connected with the second end of a pressure release pump, the other end of the connecting pipe n is a water outlet, the third end of the pressure release pump is connected with a connecting pipe p, the other end of the connecting pipe p is connected with one end of a pressure release valve, the other end of the pressure release valve is connected with a connecting pipe q, the connecting pipe q is connected with one end of a connecting pipe r, and one end of the connecting pipe r is connected with one end of a pressurizing valve.
The channeling checking gas inlet is connected with one end of the pressure release valve and one end of the pressure measuring inlet valve through a connecting pipe s, the other end of the pressure measuring inlet valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe t, the other end of the connecting pipe t is connected with the channeling checking pressure regulator, the channeling checking pressure gauge is arranged on the connecting pipe t, the other end of the channeling checking pressure regulator is connected with one end of a connecting pipe u, the other end of the connecting pipe u is connected with one end of a pneumatic booster pump, the second end of the pneumatic booster pump is connected with a nitrogen source through a connecting pipe v, the third end of the pneumatic booster pump is connected with one end of a connecting pipe w, the other end of the connecting pipe w is connected with one end of a booster valve, the other end of the booster valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe x, the connecting pipe x is connected with a connecting pipe r, and the other end of the connecting pipe x is an air source.
The further technical scheme is that the middle part of the kettle cover is a round hole, the round hole in the middle part is matched with the wall body of the through hole in the middle part of the sleeve upper cover, and the covering bottom surface is matched with the top surface of the lower part of the sleeve upper cover, the top surface of the rubber tube, the top surface of the metal sleeve and the annular top surface of the kettle body. The device is used for detecting whether gas is emitted from the top through the sleeve-cement sheath cementing surface, the cement sheath-rubber cementing surface and the gap inside the cement sheath so as to judge whether the integrity of the cement sheath is damaged.
The further technical scheme is that the wall body at the lower part of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the wall body at the bottom of the kettle body, the bottom surface of the wall body at the middle part of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the inner wall at the bottom of the kettle body, the side surface of the wall body at the middle part of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the side surface of the rubber tube, and the top surface of the wall body at the middle part of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the bottom surface of the sleeve and the bottom surface of the cement ring. The method is used for introducing pressurized gas into the cement sheath to verify the integrity of the cement sheath.
And a method of measuring the internal pressure of a casing comprising the steps of:
and step 1, combining and mounting the sleeve, the rubber tube, the metal sleeve, the sleeve upper cover, the sleeve lower cover and the bottom sealing rubber ring in a mode from inside to outside to ensure perfect sealing performance, after combination, dropping the sleeve, the rubber tube, the metal sleeve and the bottom sealing rubber ring into a kettle body, injecting prepared cement slurry into an interlayer formed by the sleeve and the rubber tube through a cement slurry injection port in the sleeve upper cover, and mounting the top sealing ring rubber ring and the kettle cover 1 at one time.
And 2, injecting water into the kettle body through a water inlet of the kettle body, and after the space formed by the kettle body and the metal sleeve is filled with the injected water, heating the water to the corresponding working temperature through a thermocouple, wherein the temperature and the pressure can be adjusted to target temperature and pressure through program setting. And curing the cement sheath until the target time, so that the cement is cured into the cement sheath in the interlayer formed by the sleeve and the rubber tube. Because the pressure of the kettle body is continuously increased in the heating process, the pressure relief pump needs to be opened to timely discharge the pressure.
And 3, after cement is looped, opening a high-pressure release valve, opening a sleeve valve of the kettle body after the pressure of the kettle body is released, opening a water inlet valve in the sleeve after the water in the kettle body is discharged, overflowing water from an upper cover of the sleeve after the water is diffused, and screwing a screwed plug of the upper cover of the sleeve at the moment. And a casing lower cover pressurizing pipeline is connected, a fracturing program is set, and the effect of simulating fracturing operation is achieved by continuously pressurizing and depressurizing the casing. And after the fracturing is finished, discharging the pressure in the casing, and discharging the water in the casing.
And 4, connecting an exhaust port of the upper cover of the sleeve, opening the channeling-checking outlet valve, and knowing how much gas overflows through the amount of water displacement if the cementing quality of the cement sheath is damaged or the cement sheath is broken. By comparing the amounts of gas in a unit time, the degree of cementing of the cement sheath and the degree of crushing of the cement sheath can be known.
The further technical scheme is that the design is sequentially carried out according to the concentricity of the center of the sleeve lower cover and the center of the through hole in the middle of the sleeve lower cover of 30%,67% and 100% respectively, and the design is used for testing the internal pressure of the sleeve.
The method for measuring the casing alternating internal pressure to destroy the cement sheath integrity device comprises three parts:
the cement sheath curing process comprises the following steps:
the experimental mold, i.e., the sleeve lower cover, the sleeve, the rubber tube, and the metal sleeve (double semicircle cylinder liner) were assembled. Note that, in order to meet the field requirement, three different centroids (by installing different upper and lower sleeve cover molds, changing different positions of the sleeve to reach different centroids) were designed, namely, 100%, 67% and 30%. After the maintenance mould is assembled, the material falls into the kettle body through the crane. Pouring cement slurry into the annular space between the sleeve and the rubber tube, and covering the sleeve upper cover after the annular space is filled with cement slurry. And then covering the kettle cover, at the moment, injecting water into the kettle body, and setting the temperature of the kettle body and the pressure of the kettle body after the water is full, so that the curing is finished.
Second, fracturing experiment
1. The water switch is used for fracturing, water is injected into the sleeve, water overflows from the upper cover of the sleeve after the water is full, and the upper cover plug of the sleeve is screwed at the moment.
2. And a casing lower cover pressurizing pipeline is connected, a fracturing program is set, and the fracturing simulation effect is achieved by continuously pressurizing and depressurizing the casing 3.
3. And after the fracturing is finished, discharging the pressure in the casing, and discharging the water in the casing.
Third, channeling test
1. The exhaust interface of the upper cover of the connecting sleeve is connected, the gas channeling valve is opened, at the moment, nitrogen can overflow from the gas channeling valve, if the cementing quality of the cement sheath is damaged or the cement sheath is broken, gas can overflow from the exhaust interface of the upper cover of the sleeve, and the amount of the gas overflows can be known through the amount of water drainage. The cementing degree of the cement sheath and the crushing degree of the cement sheath can be known by comparing the gas amounts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the casing may have reduced internal pressure resistance and extrusion resistance after undergoing multiple internal pressure events under multiple volumetric pressure fracturing events. It is known that the stimulation effect produces an alternating internal pressure inside the casing. It is possible that the integrity of the cement sheath is compromised resulting in a reduction in the crush resistance of the casing. The main function of the device is to measure the physical properties of cement rings with different centroids under the action of alternating internal pressure. Meanwhile, the cementing degree of the cement sheath can be tested, and whether gas channeling occurs or not.
The invention realizes the effect of simulating stratum fracturing by repeatedly pressurizing and depressurizing the casing. In the repeated pressurizing and pressure releasing process, the sleeve can deform, so that a cement sheath can be influenced, and the cement sheath can be damaged or broken. At the moment, the lower part of the cement sheath is ventilated, and the cementing degree of the cement sheath and whether the cement sheath is broken or not are judged through the size of the air outlet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a kettle body device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a maintenance process pipeline shunt;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an internal pressure process line shunt;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a channeling verification process pipeline shunt.
In the figure: 1-kettle cover, 2-sleeve upper cover, 3-sleeve, 4-cement ring, 5-rubber tube, 6-metal sleeve, 7-kettle body annulus, 8-kettle body, 9-sleeve lower cover, 10-channeling detection gas inlet, 11-sleeve bottom inlet, 12-kettle body water outlet, 13-channeling detection gas inlet, 14-thermocouple, 15-kettle body water inlet, 16-channeling gas outlet and 17-sleeve upper cover gas outlet;
18-tank annulus inlet valve, 19-tank pressure gauge, 20-pneumatic liquid booster pump, 21-water inlet valve, 22-pressure boost valve, 23-pressure relief valve, 24-pressure relief pump, 25-high pressure relief valve, 26-sleeve valve, 27-tank annulus outlet valve, 28-channeling check outlet valve, 29-sealed water tank, 30-electronic balance, 31-pressure relief valve, 32-pressure measurement inlet valve, 33-channeling check pressure gauge, 34-channeling check pressure regulator, 35-pneumatic booster pump, 36-pressure boost valve.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for measuring the integrity of the cement sheath by using the alternating internal pressure of the sleeve comprises a kettle cover 1, a sleeve upper cover 2, a sleeve 3, a cement sheath 4, a rubber pipe 5, a metal sleeve 6, a kettle annulus 7, a kettle 8, a sleeve lower cover 9, a channeling detection gas inlet 10, a sleeve bottom inlet 11, a kettle water outlet 12, a channeling detection gas inlet 13, a thermocouple 14, a kettle water inlet 15, a channeling gas outlet 16 and a sleeve upper cover gas outlet 17.
The reactor comprises a reactor annulus inlet valve 18, a reactor pressure gauge 19, a pneumatic liquid booster pump 20, a water inlet valve 21, a booster valve 22, a pressure relief valve 23, a pressure relief pump 24, a high-pressure release valve 25, a sleeve valve 26, a reactor annulus outlet valve 27, a channeling test outlet valve 28, a sealing water tank 29, an electronic balance 30, a pressure release valve 31, a pressure measuring inlet valve 32, a channeling test pressure gauge 33, a channeling test pressure regulator 34, a pneumatic booster pump 35 and a booster valve 36.
The kettle is characterized in that a sleeve 3, a cement ring 4, a rubber tube 5, a metal sleeve 6 and a kettle annular space 7 are sequentially arranged in the kettle body 8 from inside to outside, a sleeve upper cover 2 covers the tops of the sleeve 3 and the cement ring 4, a blowby gas outlet 16 is arranged inside the sleeve upper cover 2, one end of the blowby gas outlet 16 corresponds to the cement ring 4, the other end of the blowby gas outlet is communicated with a middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover 2, a sleeve upper cover exhaust port 17 is arranged in the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover 2, the kettle cover 1 is covered on the kettle body 1, a round hole is formed in the middle of the kettle cover 1, the round hole in the middle is matched with a side wall body of the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover 2, and the bottom surface is matched with the top surface of the lower part of the sleeve upper cover 2, the top surface of the rubber tube 5, the top surface of the metal sleeve 6 and the top surface of the kettle body 7.
The side wall of the kettle body 8 is provided with a kettle body water inlet 15, a thermocouple 14 and a kettle body water outlet 12 from top to bottom.
The sleeve lower cover 9 is arranged at the bottoms of the sleeve 3 and the cement sheath 4, the channeling checking air inlet 13 is arranged inside the sleeve lower cover 9, one end of the channeling checking air inlet 13 corresponds to the cement sheath 4, the other end of the channeling checking air inlet is arranged at the bottom and on the inner wall of the kettle body and is close to the channeling checking air inlet 10 arranged in the bottom and the inner wall of the kettle body, a sleeve bottom inlet 11 is arranged in a middle through hole of the sleeve lower cover 9, the lower wall of the sleeve lower cover 2 is matched with the bottom wall of the kettle body 8, the bottom surface of the middle wall of the sleeve lower cover 9 is matched with the inner wall of the bottom of the kettle body, the side surface of the middle wall of the sleeve lower cover 9 is matched with the side surface of the rubber tube 5, and the top surface of the middle wall of the sleeve lower cover 9 is matched with the bottom surface of the sleeve 3 and the bottom surface of the cement sheath 4.
The sleeve upper cover exhaust port 17 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe a, the other end of the connecting pipe a is connected with one end of a channeling checking outlet valve 28, the other end of the channeling checking outlet valve 28 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe b, the other end of the connecting pipe b is arranged at one end of a sealing water tank 29, the other end of the sealing water tank 29 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe c, and the other end of the connecting pipe c is connected with an electronic balance 30.
The kettle body water inlet 15 on the kettle body 8 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe d, the other end of the connecting pipe d is connected with a kettle body annular space inlet valve 18, the other end of the kettle body annular space inlet valve 18 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe e, the connecting pipe e is respectively connected with connecting pipes (f and g), the other end of the connecting pipe g is connected with one end of a pressure release pump 24, the other end of the connecting pipe e is arranged on a pneumatic gas booster pump 20, a kettle body pressure gauge 19 is arranged on the connecting pipe e, the second end of the gas booster pump 20 is connected with a water source through a connecting pipe h, a water inlet valve 21 is arranged on the connecting pipe h, the third end of the gas booster pump 20 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe i, and the other end of the connecting pipe i is connected with one end of a booster valve 22.
The kettle body water outlet 12 is connected with one end of a kettle body annular outlet valve 27 through a connecting pipe j, the other end of the kettle body annular outlet valve 27 is connected with a connecting pipe k, a sleeve bottom inlet 11 is connected with one end of a sleeve valve 26 through a connecting pipe l, the other end of the sleeve valve 26 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe m, the other end of the connecting pipe m is connected with one end of a high-pressure release valve 25, the other end of the high-pressure release valve 25 is connected with a connecting pipe n, the connecting pipe n is connected with one end of a connecting pipe o, the other end of the connecting pipe o is connected with the second end of a pressure release pump 24, the other end of the connecting pipe n is a water outlet, the third end of the pressure release pump 24 is connected with a connecting pipe p, the other end of the connecting pipe p is connected with one end of a pressure release valve 23, the other end of the pressure release valve 23 is connected with a connecting pipe q, the connecting pipe q is connected with a connecting pipe r, and one end of the connecting pipe r is connected with one end of a pressurizing valve 22.
The channeling verification gas injection port 10 is connected with one end of a pressure release valve 31 and one end of a pressure measurement inlet valve 32 through a connecting pipe s, the other end of the pressure measurement inlet valve 32 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe t, the other end of the connecting pipe t is connected with a channeling verification pressure regulator 34, a channeling verification pressure gauge 33 is arranged on the connecting pipe t, the other end of the channeling verification pressure regulator 34 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe u, the other end of the connecting pipe u is connected with one end of a pneumatic booster pump 35, the second end of the pneumatic booster pump 35 is connected with a nitrogen source through a connecting pipe v, the third end of the pneumatic booster pump 35 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe w, the other end of the connecting pipe w is connected with one end of a booster valve 36, the other end of the booster valve 36 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe x, the connecting pipe x is connected with the connecting pipe r, and the other end of the connecting pipe x is an air source.
A method of measuring the alternating internal pressure of a casing to destroy the integrity of a cement sheath, comprising the steps of:
step 1, combining and mounting the sleeve 3, the rubber tube 5, the metal sleeve 6, the sleeve upper cover 2, the sleeve lower cover 9 and the bottom sealing rubber ring in a mode from inside to outside to ensure perfect tightness, after combination, dropping the combined sealing rubber ring into the kettle body 8, injecting prepared cement slurry into an interlayer formed by the sleeve 3 and the rubber tube 5 through a cement slurry injection port in the sleeve upper cover 2, and mounting the top sealing rubber ring and the kettle cover 1 at one time.
And 2, injecting water into the kettle body 8 through the kettle body water inlet 15, and after the space formed by the kettle body 8 and the metal sleeve 6 is filled with the injected water, raising the water temperature to the corresponding working temperature through the thermocouple 14, wherein the temperature and the pressure can be adjusted to target temperature and pressure through program setting. And curing the cement sheath 4 until the target time, so that the cement is cured into the cement sheath 4 in the interlayer formed by the sleeve 3 and the rubber tube 3. Because the pressure of the kettle body 8 is continuously increased in the heating process, the pressure release pump 24 needs to be opened to timely release the pressure.
And 3, after cement is looped, opening a high-pressure release valve 25, opening a sleeve valve 26 of the kettle body 8 after the pressure of the kettle body 8 is released, opening a water inlet valve 21 in the sleeve 3 after the water in the kettle body 8 is discharged, overflowing water from the sleeve upper cover 2 after the water is diffused, and screwing a sleeve upper cover 2 plug at the moment. And a pressurizing pipeline of the lower sleeve cover 9 is connected, a fracturing program is set, and the effect of simulating fracturing operation is achieved by continuously pressurizing and depressurizing the sleeve. After the fracturing is finished, the pressure in the casing 3 is discharged, and the water in the casing 3 is discharged.
And 4. Connecting the sleeve upper cover exhaust port 17, opening the channeling checking outlet valve 28, wherein nitrogen overflows from the channeling checking outlet valve 28, and if the cementing quality of the cement sheath is damaged or the cement sheath is broken, gas overflows from the sleeve exhaust port 17 of the sleeve upper cover 2, so that the quantity of the gas overflows can be known through the quantity of water discharge. By comparing the amounts of gas in a unit time, the degree of cementing of the cement sheath 4 and the degree of crushing of the cement sheath 4 can be known.
As shown in fig. 3, when the device for measuring the casing alternating internal pressure to damage the integrity of the cement sheath is in a maintenance state, the structure is as follows:
the cauldron body water inlet 15 of cauldron body 8 links to each other with cauldron body annular space import valve 18 one end through connecting pipe d, cauldron body annular space import valve 18 other end links to each other with connecting pipe e one end, connecting pipe e links to each other with connecting pipe (f, g) respectively, connecting pipe g's the other end links to each other with the one end of pressure release pump 24, the connecting pipe e other end is installed on pneumatic gas booster pump 20, cauldron body manometer 19 is installed on connecting pipe e, pneumatic gas booster pump 20 second end links to each other with the water source through connecting pipe h, water intaking valve 21 is installed on connecting pipe h, the third end of gas booster pump 20 links to each other with connecting pipe i one end, the connecting pipe i other end links to each other with booster valve 22 one end.
The kettle body water outlet 12 is connected with one end of a kettle body annular outlet valve 27 through a connecting pipe j, the other end of the kettle body annular outlet valve 27 is connected with a connecting pipe k, the other end of the connecting pipe k is connected with a connecting pipe m, the other end of the connecting pipe m is connected with one end of a high-pressure release valve 25, the other end of the high-pressure release valve 25 is connected with a connecting pipe n, the connecting pipe n is connected with one end of a connecting pipe o, the other end of the connecting pipe o is connected with the second end of a pressure release pump 24, the other end of the connecting pipe n is a water outlet, the third end of the pressure release pump 24 is connected with a connecting pipe p, the other end of the connecting pipe p is connected with one end of a pressure release valve 23, the other end of the pressure release valve 23 is connected with a connecting pipe q, the connecting pipe q is connected with a connecting pipe r, the connecting pipe r is connected with the other end of the pressure boost valve 22, and the other end is connected with an air source.
And (3) curing: (all valves are closed before operation)
Step one: opening a water inlet valve 21 and a kettle annular inlet valve 18, and filling water into the kettle annular space 7;
step two: closing the water inlet valve 21, opening the pressure increasing valve 22, and pressurizing gas to the kettle annular space 7 through the pneumatic liquid booster pump 20 until the pressure shown by the kettle pressure gauge 19 reaches the set pressure, and closing the pressure increasing valve 22 to provide the simulated pressure for curing the cement sheath 4;
step three: the thermocouple 14 is arranged to heat annular water of the kettle body to a set temperature, so that simulated pressure is provided for curing the cement sheath 4;
step four: after curing, the high-pressure release valve 25 and the pressure release valve 23 are opened to release the high-pressure of the kettle annular space 7 for curing, after the pressure is released, the pressure release valve 23 is closed, the kettle annular space outlet valve 27 is opened, the water in the kettle annular space 7 is discharged, and the curing process is finished.
Second, as shown in FIG. 4, when the device inside the measurement cannula is in the process of internal pressure:
the casing bottom inlet 11 one end of cauldron body 8 bottom installs connecting pipe l, connecting pipe I other end installation sleeve valve 26, the sleeve valve 26 other end installation connecting pipe m, connecting pipe m links to each other with connecting pipe f one end, connecting pipe m other end connection high-pressure relief valve 25, connecting pipe f links to each other with connecting pipe e, connecting pipe e links to each other with connecting pipe g, connecting pipe e other end links to each other with pneumatic liquid booster pump 20 one end, cauldron body manometer 19 is installed on connecting pipe e, pneumatic liquid booster pump 20 second end links to each other with connecting pipe h, the connecting pipe h other end links to each other with water intaking valve 21 one end, the water intaking valve 21 other end connection water source.
The third end of the pneumatic liquid booster pump 20 is connected with one end of the booster valve 22, and the other end of the booster valve 22 is connected with the connecting pipe r.
The other end of the high-pressure release valve 25 is connected with a connecting pipe n, the connecting pipe n is connected with one end of a connecting pipe o, the other end of the connecting pipe o is connected with the second end of the pressure release pump 24, the other end of the connecting pipe n is a water outlet, the third end of the pressure release pump 24 is connected with a connecting pipe p, the other end of the connecting pipe p is connected with a pressure release valve 23, the other end of the pressure release valve 23 is connected with a connecting pipe q, the other end of the connecting pipe q is connected with a connecting pipe r, and the other end of the connecting pipe r is an air source.
The internal pressure process is as follows: (all valves are closed before operation)
Step one: opening a water inlet valve 21 and a sleeve valve 26, injecting water into the sleeve 3 until water overflows from the exhaust port 17 of the upper cover of the sleeve, and plugging the sleeve by using a plug;
step two: closing the water inlet valve 21, opening the pressurizing valve 22, pressurizing the sleeve 3 for a period of time, opening the high-pressure release valve 25 and the pressure release valve 23, discharging partial pressure, and maintaining for a period of time, so as to repeatedly pressurize and release the sleeve 3 to achieve the effect of simulating the internal pressure;
step three: after the test, the entire pressure of the casing 3 was released, and the water was discharged from the inside of the casing 3.
As shown in fig. 5, when the device for measuring the casing alternating internal pressure to damage the integrity of the cement sheath is in the channeling checking process:
the sleeve upper cover exhaust port 17 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe a, the other end of the connecting pipe a is connected with one end of a channeling checking outlet valve 28, the other end of the channeling checking outlet valve 28 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe b, the other end of the connecting pipe b is arranged at one end of a sealing water tank 29, the other end of the sealing water tank 29 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe c, and the other end of the connecting pipe c is connected with an electronic balance 30.
The channeling verification gas injection port 10 is connected with one end of a pressure release valve 31 and one end of a pressure measurement inlet valve 32 through a connecting pipe s, the other end of the pressure measurement inlet valve 32 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe t, the other end of the connecting pipe t is connected with a channeling verification pressure regulator 34, a channeling verification pressure gauge 33 is arranged on the connecting pipe t, the other end of the channeling verification pressure regulator 34 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe u, the other end of the connecting pipe u is connected with one end of a pneumatic booster pump 35, the second end of the pneumatic booster pump 35 is connected with a nitrogen source through a connecting pipe v, the third end of the pneumatic booster pump 35 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe w, the other end of the connecting pipe w is connected with one end of a booster valve 36, the other end of the booster valve 36 is connected with one end of a connecting pipe x, and the other end of the connecting pipe x is an air source.
Channeling checking: (all valves are closed before operation)
Step one: opening a pressure measurement inlet valve 32, and injecting nitrogen into the kettle experience blowby gas port 10;
step two: opening a pressurizing valve 36, pressurizing the tank-experience channeling gas inlet 10 through a gas pneumatic pressurizing pump 35, and setting channeling pressure by using a channeling pressure testing regulator 34 until a channeling pressure testing gauge 33 displays a required set value;
step three: opening the channeling valve 28, allowing the channeling gas to enter the sealed water tank 29, collecting and weighing the discharged water by the electronic balance 30, so that the gas spilling amount can be known;
step four: after the channeling test is finished, the nitrogen source is closed, the kettle body 8 is disassembled, test samples in the kettle body 8 are removed, the test samples are recycled, and the whole equipment is cleaned.
Examples:
the experimental equipment can be used for testing the damage degree of the casing pipe to the cement sheath under different alternating internal pressures, can be used for alternating internal pressure experiments according to different centrality, different fracturing pressure differences and different fracturing times, and can be used for setting an experimental control group to ensure the reliability of experimental data.
Taking the casing centering 67% as an example, taking the pressure difference of 40MPa as a consideration, and the fracturing experiment with the fracturing times of 20 times.
1. And (3) curing the cement sheath: the inspection equipment ensures the normal operation of the equipment, the switches are in the closed state, and cement paste required by experiments is prepared. The sleeve 3, the rubber tube 5, the metal sleeve 6, the sleeve upper cover 2, the sleeve lower cover 9 and the bottom sealing rubber ring are assembled and installed in a mode from inside to outside, the sleeve 3 is corresponding to the position with the centering degree of 67%, after being assembled, the sleeve 3 falls into the kettle body 8, and then the prepared cement paste is injected into an interlayer formed by the sleeve 3 and the rubber tube 5 through a cement paste injection hole in the sleeve upper cover 2, and the top sealing rubber ring and the kettle cover 1 are installed at one time. The water is injected into the kettle body 8 through the kettle body water inlet 15, after the space formed by the kettle body 8 and the metal sleeve 6 is filled with the injected water, the water temperature is increased to the working temperature of 90 ℃ through the thermocouple 14, and the temperature and the pressure can be adjusted to the target temperature of 90 ℃ and the pressure of 20.7MPa through program setting. And curing the cement sheath 4 until the target time, so that the cement is cured into the cement sheath 4 in the interlayer formed by the sleeve 3 and the rubber tube 3. Because the pressure of the kettle body 8 is continuously increased in the heating process, the pressure release pump 24 needs to be opened to timely release the pressure.
2. Fracturing experiments: after cement is cured into a ring, the high-pressure release valve 25 is opened, after the pressure of the kettle body 8 is released, the sleeve valve 26 of the kettle body 8 is opened, after the water in the kettle body is discharged, the water inlet valve 21 in the sleeve 3 is opened, water overflows from the sleeve upper cover 2 after overflowing, and at the moment, the sleeve upper cover 2 is screwed tightly. And (3) connecting a pressurizing pipeline of the lower sleeve cover 9, setting a fracturing program, continuously pressurizing and depressurizing the sleeve to ensure that the pressure difference reaches 40MPa required by the experiment, and performing the pressurizing and depressurizing process for 20 times required by the experiment. After the fracturing is finished, the pressure in the casing 3 is discharged, and the water in the casing 3 is discharged. The cement sheath test piece was taken out after the whole experiment was completed.
3. Channeling test: and the vent 17 of the upper cover of the sleeve is connected, the channeling check valve 28 is opened, the drainage of the sealed water tank 15 is measured through the electronic balance 16, and the overflow amount of gas from the vent 17 of the sleeve of the upper cover 2 of the sleeve can be known through the crack of the cement ring. By comparing the amounts of gas in a unit time, the degree of cementing of the cement sheath 4 and the degree of crushing of the cement sheath 4 can be known. After the experiment is finished, the cement sheath assembly is taken out, the cement sheath is found to longitudinally crack, the cementation is completely destroyed, and the larger the gas overflow amount is, the more serious the destruction is.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The device for measuring the integrity of the cement sheath by the alternating internal pressure of the sleeve comprises a kettle cover, a sleeve upper cover, a sleeve, a cement sheath, a rubber tube, a metal sleeve, a kettle annulus, a kettle body, a sleeve lower cover, a channeling detection gas inlet, a sleeve bottom inlet, a kettle body water outlet, a channeling detection gas inlet, a thermocouple, a kettle body water inlet, a channeling gas outlet and a sleeve upper cover gas outlet;
the device is characterized by comprising a kettle body annulus inlet valve, a kettle body pressure gauge, a pneumatic liquid booster pump, a water inlet valve, a booster valve a, a pressure relief valve, a pressure relief pump, a high-pressure release valve, a sleeve valve, a kettle body annulus outlet valve, a channeling checking outlet valve, a sealing water tank, an electronic balance, a pressure release valve, a pressure measuring inlet valve, a channeling checking pressure gauge, a channeling checking pressure regulator, a pneumatic booster pump and a booster valve b, wherein the device comprises a pressure sensor, a pressure sensor and a pressure sensor;
the kettle body is characterized in that a sleeve, a cement ring, a rubber tube, a metal sleeve and a kettle body annulus are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, a sleeve upper cover covers the tops of the sleeve and the cement ring, a blow-by gas outlet is arranged in the sleeve upper cover, one end of the blow-by gas outlet corresponds to the cement ring, the other end of the blow-by gas outlet is communicated with a middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover, a sleeve upper cover exhaust port is arranged in the middle through hole of the sleeve upper cover, and the kettle cover is covered on the kettle body;
a kettle water inlet, a thermocouple and a kettle water outlet are sequentially arranged on the side wall of the kettle body from top to bottom;
the sleeve lower cover is arranged at the bottoms of the sleeve and the cement ring, the channeling checking air inlet is arranged in the sleeve lower cover, one end of the channeling checking air inlet corresponds to the cement ring, the other end of the channeling checking air inlet is arranged on the bottom and the inner wall of the kettle body, the channeling checking air inlet is arranged in the bottom wall of the kettle body, and the sleeve bottom inlet is arranged in the middle through hole of the sleeve lower cover;
the vent of the upper cover of the sleeve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe a, the other end of the connecting pipe a is connected with one end of a channeling checking outlet valve, the other end of the channeling checking outlet valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe b, the other end of the connecting pipe b is arranged at one end of a sealing water tank, the other end of the sealing water tank is connected with one end of a connecting pipe c, and the other end of the connecting pipe c is connected with an electronic balance;
a kettle water inlet on the kettle body is connected with one end of a connecting pipe d, the other end of the connecting pipe d is connected with a kettle annular inlet valve, the other end of the kettle annular inlet valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe e, the connecting pipe e is respectively connected with a connecting pipe f and a connecting pipe g, the other end of the connecting pipe g is connected with one end of a pressure release pump, the other end of the connecting pipe e is arranged on a pneumatic gas booster pump, the second end of the gas booster pump is connected with a water source through a connecting pipe h, a water inlet valve is arranged on the connecting pipe h, the third end of the gas booster pump is connected with one end of a connecting pipe i, and the other end of the connecting pipe i is connected with one end of a pressure boost valve a;
the kettle body water outlet is connected with one end of a kettle body annular outlet valve through a connecting pipe j, the other end of the kettle body annular outlet valve is connected with a connecting pipe k, an inlet at the bottom of a sleeve is connected with one end of a sleeve valve through a connecting pipe l, the other end of the sleeve valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe m, the connecting pipe m is respectively connected with the other ends of a connecting pipe f and a connecting pipe k, the other end of the connecting pipe m is connected with one end of a high-pressure release valve, the other end of the high-pressure release valve is connected with a connecting pipe n, the connecting pipe n is connected with one end of a connecting pipe o, the other end of the connecting pipe o is connected with a second end of a pressure release pump, the other end of the connecting pipe n is a water outlet, the third end of the pressure release pump is connected with a connecting pipe p, the other end of the connecting pipe p is connected with one end of a pressure release valve, the other end of the pressure release valve is connected with a connecting pipe q, the connecting pipe q is connected with one end of a pressure increasing valve a;
the channeling checking gas inlet is connected with one end of a pressure release valve and one end of a pressure measuring inlet valve through a connecting pipe s, the other end of the pressure measuring inlet valve is connected with one end of a connecting pipe t, the other end of the connecting pipe t is connected with a channeling checking pressure regulator, a channeling checking pressure gauge is arranged on the connecting pipe t, the other end of the channeling checking pressure regulator is connected with one end of a connecting pipe u, the other end of the connecting pipe u is connected with one end of a pneumatic booster pump, the second end of the pneumatic booster pump is connected with a nitrogen source through a connecting pipe v, the third end of the pneumatic booster pump is connected with one end of a connecting pipe w, the other end of the connecting pipe w is connected with one end of a booster valve b, the other end of the booster valve b is connected with one end of a connecting pipe x, the connecting pipe x is connected with a connecting pipe r, and the other end of the connecting pipe x is an air source;
the middle part of the kettle cover is provided with a round hole, the round hole in the middle part is matched with the wall body of the through hole in the middle part of the sleeve upper cover, and the cover bottom surface is matched with the top surface of the lower part of the sleeve upper cover, the top surface of the rubber tube, the top surface of the metal sleeve and the annular top surface of the kettle body;
the lower wall body of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the bottom wall body of the kettle body, the bottom surface of the middle wall body of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the inner wall of the bottom of the kettle body, the side surface of the middle wall body of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the side surface of the rubber tube, and the top surface of the middle wall body of the sleeve lower cover is matched with the bottom surface of the sleeve and the bottom surface of the cement ring.
2. The device for measuring the integrity of a cement sheath by alternating internal pressure of a casing according to claim 1, wherein the device is designed for measuring the internal pressure of the casing sequentially according to the concentricity of the center of the lower casing cover and the center of the through hole in the middle of the lower casing cover of 30%,67% and 100% respectively.
3. A method for measuring the integrity of a casing alternating internal pressure-damaged cement sheath using the apparatus for measuring the integrity of a casing alternating internal pressure-damaged cement sheath as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, combining and mounting a sleeve, a rubber pipe, a metal sleeve, a sleeve upper cover, a sleeve lower cover and a bottom sealing rubber ring in a mode from inside to outside to ensure perfect sealing performance, after combining, dropping the combined water tank into a kettle body, injecting prepared cement slurry into an interlayer formed by the sleeve and the rubber pipe through a cement slurry injection port in the sleeve upper cover, and mounting the top sealing ring rubber ring and the kettle cover at one time;
step 2, injecting water into the kettle body through a water inlet of the kettle body, after the space formed by the kettle body and the metal sleeve is filled with the injected water, raising the water temperature to the corresponding working temperature through a thermocouple, adjusting the temperature and the pressure to the target temperature and the target pressure through program setting, curing the cement loop to the target time, curing the cement loop in an interlayer formed by the sleeve and the rubber tube, and opening a pressure release pump due to the fact that the pressure of the kettle body is continuously increased in the heating process, and timely removing the pressure;
step 3, after cement is looped, opening a high-pressure release valve, opening a sleeve valve of the kettle body after the pressure of the kettle body is released, opening a water inlet valve in a sleeve after the water in the kettle body is discharged, overflowing water from an upper cover of the sleeve after the water overflows, screwing a plug of the upper cover of the sleeve at the moment, connecting a pressurizing pipeline of a lower cover of the sleeve, setting a fracturing procedure, continuously pressurizing and depressurizing the sleeve to achieve the effect of simulating fracturing operation, discharging the pressure in the sleeve after the fracturing is finished, and discharging the water in the sleeve;
and 4, connecting an exhaust port of an upper cover of the sleeve, opening a channeling checking outlet valve, wherein nitrogen overflows from the channeling checking outlet valve at the moment, if the cementing quality of the cement sheath is damaged or the cement sheath is broken, gas overflows from the exhaust port of the upper cover of the sleeve, knowing the quantity of the gas overflows through the quantity of water drainage, and comparing the quantity of the gas in unit time to obtain the cementing degree of the cement sheath and the breaking degree of the cement sheath.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein in step 1, the concentricity of the center of the lower sleeve cover and the center of the through hole in the middle of the lower sleeve cover is respectively designed to be 30%,67%,100%, and three tests are performed.
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