CN111764166A - 一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法，无磷阴离子抗静电剂包括以下质量份的原料：甜菜碱40~60%、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂10~30%、平平加O 10~25%、葡萄糖酸钠2~5%。本发明的制成产品稳定，起泡性小，具有良好的耐热性和耐酸碱性，抗静电效果良好，且制备相对简单，原料易得，成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域，尤其涉及一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法。
背景技术
通常来说，静电是指物体中存储电荷而带电的现象、或者是指带电的电荷本身。静电除了2种介电体摩擦产生的电荷的蓄积以外，也指因与带电物体的接触等而产生并蓄积在物体的表面。上述静电会引起尘埃等异物的吸入、设备的静电破坏、测定机器的误操作或者火灾等。此外，现在的电磁装置由于静电的释放而受到暂时或永久损伤的可能性非常高。
随着合成纤维的快速发展，在纺织品中的比例越来越大，地位越来越重要。由于合成纤维具有吸湿性小、导电性差、摩擦系数大等特点，在制造加工和消费过程中所产生的静电问题及其危害不断增加。在纺织品的生产过程中，静电不仅会导致纤维之间相互缠绕和飞扬现象，而且机器部件会运转异常，使加工难以进行。在服装使用过程中，静电使服装易于沾污和相互粘贴，甚至产生电火花，严重影响服装的美观和舒适性。此外，服装所产生的静电还可能干扰电子仪器的正常操作，如医院手术室中使用的纺织品若带静电则会使病人在手术中受到意外伤害。因此，纺织品的抗静电技术显得非常重要。纤维材料在受到拉伸、压缩、电场感应、热风干燥、气流辐射以及相互摩擦时都会产生静电，但是纤维之间的相互摩擦是产生静电的最主要的原因。为了抑制纺织品的静电现象，虽然可以采用纤维改性、混纺和交纺等技术手段，但是对纺织品进行抗静电整理则因具有加工方便、成本低廉和适用性广的特点而得到普遍应用。抗静电整理作用机理主要表现在两个方面，一是减少纤维间的摩擦，抑制静电的产生，降低表面电阻率，表面电阻率是平行于材料表面上电流方向的电位梯度与表面单位宽度上的电流之比，其单位为欧姆（Ω）。这种类型的抗静电技术主要是依靠离子传导，可以将材料的表面电阻率从1014—1016Ω降至108—1010Ω。二是提高静电逸散速度。采用喷洒、浸渍、浸轧的加工方式施加于纺织品，使纤维具有抗静电性。
现有的抗静电剂按离子性分类为：阴离子型、阳离子型、两性离子型、非离子型几大类。
阴离子抗静电剂主要包括硫酸酯盐和磷酸酯盐等。硫酸酯盐的水溶性好，除具有抗静电效果外，还可用作乳化剂，但是它对氧和热不太稳定，难以应用于高速高温纺丝工艺。
阳离子型抗静电剂主要包括各种胺盐、季铵盐和烷基咪唑啉盐等，其中又以季铵盐应用最为广泛。但在制条、纺纱、织造过程中除用抗静电剂外还用到好多别的助剂，而且多数为阴离子性，所以阳离子型抗静电剂在大多数情况下不能使用。此外，由于阳离子型抗静电剂多为含氮化合物，在高温环境中易于变色，使纤维着色，影响纤维及其织物的染色，同时还易使纺机生锈。
两性离子型抗静电剂主要包括氨基酸型 、甜菜碱型和咪唑啉型。与阳离子型表面活性剂类似，由于两性表面活性含有氮元素，在高温环境中易于变色，使得纤维着色，影响纤维及其织物的着色。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足，提供一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法，无磷阴离子抗静电剂包括以下质量份的原料：甜菜碱 40~60%、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂10~30%、平平加O 10~25%、葡萄糖酸钠2~5%。
进一步，无磷阴离子抗静电剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)分别称取甜菜碱、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂、平平加O、葡萄糖酸钠，放入高速混合机中进行混合，混合的时间优选5-10min，高速混合机的转速优选350-480rpm；
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合液进行微波处理，微波处理时微波功率为280-330W，微波频率为50kHz；
(3)先将步骤(2) 微波处理所得混合液输入反应釜中，然后向反应釜中加入去离子水，反应釜升温至180~230℃后进行反应，反应1.5~2.5小时，反应期间输入氮气保护；
(3) 反应结束后自然降温至30~40℃后，取出进行检验分析，得到无磷阴离子抗静电剂。
本发明与传统的抗静电剂相比具有如下特点：(1)制成产品稳定，起泡性小，具有良好的耐热性和耐酸碱性，抗静电效果良好，且制备相对简单，原料易得，成本较低。
(2)使用量少，在纤维表面低附着量就具有优良的抗静电性，能够促进积累在纤维表面的静电荷迅速逸散。
(3)不影响整理织物的物理机械性能，如强力和手感等以及颜色特征，无异味和毒性，对人体安全，基本保持了原有织物的风格和性能。
(4)自身稳定，与其他染化料相容性好，成本低廉，使用方便，不腐蚀设备，无环境污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1：一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法，无磷阴离子抗静电剂包括以下质量份的原料：甜菜碱 52%、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂27%、平平加O 17%、葡萄糖酸钠4%。
无磷阴离子抗静电剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)分别称取甜菜碱、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂、平平加O、葡萄糖酸钠，放入高速混合机中进行混合，混合的时间优选5-10min，高速混合机的转速优选350-480rpm；
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合液进行微波处理，微波处理时微波功率为280-330W，微波频率为50kHz；
(3)先将步骤(2) 微波处理所得混合液输入反应釜中，然后向反应釜中加入去离子水，反应釜升温至180~230℃后进行反应，反应1.5~2.5小时，反应期间输入氮气保护；
(3) 反应结束后自然降温至30~40℃后，取出进行检验分析，得到无磷阴离子抗静电剂。
实施例2：一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法，无磷阴离子抗静电剂包括以下质量份的原料：甜菜碱 58%、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂19%、平平加O 20%、葡萄糖酸钠3%。
无磷阴离子抗静电剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)分别称取甜菜碱、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂、平平加O、葡萄糖酸钠，放入高速混合机中进行混合，混合的时间优选5-10min，高速混合机的转速优选350-480rpm；
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合液进行微波处理，微波处理时微波功率为280-330W，微波频率为50kHz；
(3)先将步骤(2) 微波处理所得混合液输入反应釜中，然后向反应釜中加入去离子水，反应釜升温至180~230℃后进行反应，反应1.5~2.5小时，反应期间输入氮气保护；
(3) 反应结束后自然降温至30~40℃后，取出进行检验分析，得到无磷阴离子抗静电剂。
Claims (2)
1.一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法，其特征在于，无磷阴离子抗静电剂包括以下质量份的原料：甜菜碱 40~60%、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂10~30%、平平加O 10~25%、葡萄糖酸钠2~5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种两性离子抗静电剂的制备方法，其特征在于，无磷阴离子抗静电剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)分别称取甜菜碱、Gemini双子磷酸脂两性表面活性剂、平平加O、葡萄糖酸钠，放入高速混合机中进行混合，混合的时间优选5-10min，高速混合机的转速优选350-480rpm；
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合液进行微波处理，微波处理时微波功率为280-330W，微波频率为50kHz；
(3)先将步骤(2) 微波处理所得混合液输入反应釜中，然后向反应釜中加入去离子水，反应釜升温至180~230℃后进行反应，反应1.5~2.5小时，反应期间输入氮气保护；
(3) 反应结束后自然降温至30~40℃后，取出进行检验分析，得到无磷阴离子抗静电剂。
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Citations (5)
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| CN1136612A (zh) * | 1996-03-12 | 1996-11-27 | 王茂一 | 毛纺静电抑止剂的制备方法 |
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| CN105755187A (zh) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-07-13 | 北京泛博化学股份有限公司 | 一种抗静电剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN109385929A (zh) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-26 | 唐山德方化学有限公司 | 一种防静电涂层液 |
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| CN103526548A (zh) * | 2013-08-21 | 2014-01-22 | 昆山铁牛衬衫厂 | 抗静电整理剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103741465A (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-23 | 江阴市尼美达助剂有限公司 | 抗静电剂的制备方法 |
| CN105755187A (zh) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-07-13 | 北京泛博化学股份有限公司 | 一种抗静电剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN109385929A (zh) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-02-26 | 唐山德方化学有限公司 | 一种防静电涂层液 |
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