CN111763865A - Rhenium-containing hard alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rhenium-containing hard alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
Abstract
The invention discloses a rhenium-containing hard alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the rhenium-containing hard alloy is prepared by mixing 3-15% of binder phase powder, 5-30% of Re powder and the balance of hard phase powder, wherein Re in the rhenium-containing hard alloy is dissolved in a binder phase in a solid solution manner. The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the raw materials according to a powder metallurgy method, carrying out ball milling, drying granulation, molding and sintering to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy, and the rhenium-containing hard alloy can be applied to preparation of hard alloy cutters, particularly milling and turning cutters. The rhenium-containing hard alloy has high hardness, strength and fracture toughness, and also has good high-temperature oxidation resistance, so that the service life of the cutter is obviously prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of powder metallurgy, relates to a hard alloy cutter material, and a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly relates to a rhenium-containing hard alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Cemented carbide is an alloy material made from a hard compound of refractory metals and a binder metal by a powder metallurgy process. It has a series of excellent properties of high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. Because of the characteristics of the hard alloy, the hard alloy is mainly used for manufacturing cutting tools and wear-resistant parts, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, machining, metallurgy, oil drilling, mine tools and the like, and is generally known as 'industrial teeth' in the machine tool industry.
In the cutting process, the common failure modes of the hard alloy cutter are abrasion and collapse, and the failure reasons are respectively low hardness and low strength of the cutter material. In conventional cemented carbide material systems, the hardness of the alloy must be increased at the expense of alloy strength and vice versa. In addition, the cemented carbide tool generates a large amount of heat during the cutting process, and particularly, in the case of metal cutting without cooling, the tool material is oxidized at high temperature, which greatly reduces the life of the tool. Therefore, how to simultaneously improve the hardness, the strength and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the material is always the research focus of material researchers, and is also the existing problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides the rhenium-containing hard alloy with high hardness, strength and fracture toughness, and the preparation method and the application thereof, can realize double-high hard alloy in the true sense, has good high-temperature oxidation resistance, and obviously prolongs the service life of the cutter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The rhenium-containing hard alloy is prepared by mixing 3-15% of binder phase powder, 5-30% of Re powder and the balance of hard phase powder, wherein the binder phase powder, the Re powder and the hard phase powder are used as raw materials; in the rhenium-containing hard alloy, Re is dissolved in a binder phase. That is, the raw materials of the rhenium-containing cemented carbide include binder phase powder, Re powder, and hard phase powder, and the rhenium-containing cemented carbide is prepared by mixing the raw materials.
In the rhenium-containing hard alloy, the binder phase powder is preferably one or more of Co powder, Ni powder and Fe powder.
Preferably, the purity of the Re powder is not lower than 99.90 percent.
Preferably, the rhenium-containing cemented carbide described above, the hard phase powder comprises WC powder.
In the rhenium-containing cemented carbide described above, the WC powder preferably has a particle size of 0.5 μm to 5.0 μm.
In the rhenium-containing cemented carbide described above, the hard phase powder preferably further includes a nitride powder (powder) or a carbide powder (powder) of one or more of Ta, Nb, and Ti.
Preferably, the rhenium-containing hard alloy raw material further comprises an inhibitor, and the inhibitor comprises Cr3C2Powder and/or VC powder.
Preferably, the rhenium-containing hard alloy is prepared from hard phase powder, Co powder and Cr3C2Powder, VC powder and Re powder, wherein the hard phase powder comprises 79.33-96.85 percent of hard phase powder, 3.00-15.00 percent of Co powder and Cr powder by mass fraction3C20-1.56% of powder, 0-1.11% of VC powder and 5-30% of Re powder by mass.
As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the rhenium-containing hard alloy, comprising the following steps: proportioning, mixing and ball-milling raw materials, drying and granulating the mixture, forming and sintering to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy.
In the preparation method of the rhenium-containing hard alloy, the sintering is preferably vacuum sintering or high-pressure sintering, the sintering temperature is 1400-1500 ℃, and when the sintering is high-pressure sintering, the high-pressure sintering pressure is 40-80 bar.
In the preparation method of the rhenium-containing hard alloy, preferably, the forming agent used for forming is a mixture of PEG4000 and PEG1500 or PEG4000, the total mass of the forming agent is 2-3% of the mass of the mixture, and when the forming agent is a mixture of PEG4000 and PEG1500, the addition amount of the PEG1500 is 0.5% of the mass of the mixture.
As a general technical concept, the invention also provides an application of the rhenium-containing hard alloy or the rhenium-containing hard alloy prepared by the preparation method in preparing a hard alloy cutter.
In the above application, preferably, the cemented carbide tool comprises a cemented carbide milling tool and a cemented carbide turning tool.
In the invention, the mass fraction of impurities in the raw material of the rhenium-containing hard alloy is less than 0.01 percent.
In the present invention, the cemented carbide tools include a cemented carbide tool including a coating and a cemented carbide tool without a coating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention adds rare earth Re element into the hard alloy, limits the adding proportion of Re element and binder phase powder, designs to make Re element solid solution strengthen the binder phase, thus the hard alloy has high hardness, strength and fracture toughness at the same time, and realizes the remarkable improvement of the service life of the cutter.
The rhenium-containing hard alloy also has good high-temperature oxidation resistance, and by taking figure 1 as an example, the temperature is raised to 900 ℃ from room temperature at the temperature rise speed of 5 ℃/min, the oxidation weight gain of the WC-10% Co-1.5% Re hard alloy is obviously lower than that of the WC-10% Co hard alloy, and the oxidation starting temperature of the former is higher, which shows that the WC-10% Co-1.5% Re hard alloy has better high-temperature oxidation resistance than the WC-10% Co hard alloy through the addition of Re element, and the service life of the Re-containing hard alloy cutter is longer under the high-temperature cutting condition.
Compared with the hard phase, the hardness of the binding phase in the hard alloy is not high, and the binding phase is easy to wear in the metal cutting process.
2. In the present invention, the particle size of WC powder is controlled to 0.5-5.0 μm, and when the WC particle size needs to be controlled, an inhibitor, preferably Cr, can be added3C2The powder and/or VC powder is mainly used for inhibiting the growth of WC grains and is beneficial to the cooperative enhancement of hardness, strength and toughness. While chromium is generally used in the art to improve corrosion and oxidation resistance of metals, many metals will have a certain amount of chromium added, but the effect is different from the present invention and the control of chromium content is not critical.
3. The hard alloy cutter added with the Re element can be produced and prepared according to a conventional powder metallurgy method in practical production application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the high temperature oxidation resistance of a rhenium-containing cemented carbide of the present invention with a rhenium-free cemented carbide.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1
The invention relates to a rhenium-containing hard alloy which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: 172.31kg of WC powder, 23kg of Co powder, 2.30kg of Re powder and Cr3C22.39kg of powder.
In this example, the purity of the Re powder was not less than 99.90%.
In this example, the Fsss particle size of WC powder was 0.78. mu.m.
A method for preparing a rhenium-containing hard alloy according to this embodiment includes the following steps: proportioning, adding each raw material component into a wet grinder, adding 0.35L of alcohol as a ball milling medium into each kilogram of mixture, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to a ball milling rod is 1: 5, the ball milling time is 43 hours, discharging after ball milling, and performing spray drying granulation. And (3) pressing and forming the granulated mixture, adopting 4kg of PEG4000 forming agent and 1kg of PEG1500 forming agent, and sintering for 60min in vacuum at 1465 ℃ after forming to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy.
The rhenium-containing hard alloy prepared by the embodiment is applied to preparing a hard alloy milling cutter.
Comparative example 1
A cemented carbide substantially the same as example 1 except that: no Re powder was contained, and the WC powder was 174.61 kg.
Table 1 cemented carbide composition and performance table for example 1 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the hard alloy cutter of the comparative example 1, the hardness of the hard alloy produced by the invention is equivalent to that of the hard alloy cutter, but the bending strength and the fracture toughness are obviously improved, and the microhardness of the binding phase in the alloy is improved by 18 percent. When the titanium alloy material is milled, the service life of the cutter is prolonged by 40 percent.
Example 2
The invention relates to a rhenium-containing hard alloy which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: 168.00kg of WC powder, 26.00kg of Co powder, 2.10kg of TaNbC powder and 3.90kg of Re powder.
In this example, the purity of the Re powder was not less than 99.90%.
In this example, the Fsss particle size of WC powder was 1.01. mu.m.
A method for preparing a rhenium-containing hard alloy according to this embodiment includes the following steps: proportioning, adding the raw material components into a wet grinder, adding 0.30L of alcohol into each kilogram of mixture as a ball milling medium, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to a ball milling rod is 1: 5, the ball milling time is 25 hours, discharging after ball milling, and performing spray drying and granulation. And (3) pressing and forming the granulated mixture, adopting 4kg of PEG4000 forming agent, and sintering at 1410 ℃ for 30min under high pressure of 60bar to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy.
Comparative example 2
A cemented carbide substantially the same as example 2 except that: no Re powder was contained, and the WC powder was 171.90 kg.
Table 2 cemented carbide composition and performance table for example 2 and comparative example 2
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the conventional cemented carbide tool (comparative example 2), the hardness of the cemented carbide produced by the method is equivalent to that of the conventional cemented carbide tool, but the bending strength is improved, the fracture toughness is obviously improved, and the micro-hardness of the binder phase in the alloy is improved by 33%. When the cast steel workpiece is milled, the service life of the cutter is prolonged by 55 percent.
Example 3
The invention relates to a rhenium-containing hard alloy which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: 185.56kg of WC powder, 12.0kg of Co powder and Cr3C21.24kg of powder and 1.20kg of Re powder.
In this example, the purity of the Re powder was not less than 99.90%.
In this example, WC powder was used as a raw material having a particle size of 0.6. mu.m, and Fsss was 0.6. mu.m.
A method for preparing a rhenium-containing hard alloy according to this embodiment includes the following steps: proportioning, adding the raw material components into a wet grinder, adding 0.35L of alcohol into each kilogram of mixture as a ball milling medium, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to a ball milling rod is 1: 5, the ball milling time is 45 hours, discharging after ball milling, and performing spray drying and granulation. And (3) pressing and forming the granulated mixture, adopting 4kg of PEG4000 forming agent and 1kg of PEG1500 forming agent, and sintering at 1410 ℃ for 30min at high pressure of 60bar after forming to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy.
The rhenium-containing hard alloy prepared by the embodiment is applied to preparing a hard alloy turning tool.
Comparative example 3
A cemented carbide substantially the same as example 3 except that: no Re powder was contained, and the WC powder was 186.76 kg.
Table 3 cemented carbide composition and performance table for example 3 and comparative example 3
| Mixture material | Example 3 | Comparative example 3 |
| WC(kg) | 185.56 | 186.76 |
| Co(kg) | 12.00 | 12.00 |
| Cr3C2(kg) | 1.24 | 1.24 |
| Re(kg) | 1.20 | 0 |
| Hardness (Hv3) | 1840 | 1820 |
| Flexural strength TRS (N/mm2) | 2760 | 2310 |
| Fracture toughness KⅠc(MN/M3/2) | 9.13 | 8.98 |
| Micro hardness of binding phase (MPa) | 601 | 509 |
| Machining nickel base alloy pieces | 110 | 75 |
As can be seen from table 3, compared with the cemented carbide tool of comparative example 3, the hardness of the cemented carbide tool produced by the present invention (example 3) is equivalent, but the bending strength and the fracture toughness are obviously improved, and the micro-hardness of the binder phase in the alloy is improved by 18%. When the turning machining of the nickel-based alloy material is carried out, the service life of the cutter is prolonged by 46 percent.
Example 4
The invention relates to a rhenium-containing hard alloy which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: 177.68kg of WC powder, 18.0kg of Co powder and Cr3C20.62kg of powder, 1.00kg of TaC powder and 2.70kg of Re powder.
In this example, the purity of the Re powder was not less than 99.90%.
In this example, the WC powder used was a material with an Fsss of 0.9 μm.
A method for preparing a rhenium-containing hard alloy according to this embodiment includes the following steps: proportioning, adding the raw material components into a wet grinder, adding 0.30L of alcohol into each kilogram of mixture as a ball milling medium, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture to a ball milling rod is 1: 5, the ball milling time is 40 hours, discharging after ball milling, and performing spray drying and granulation. And (3) pressing and forming the granulated mixture, adopting 4kg of PEG4000 forming agent, and performing vacuum sintering at 1450 ℃ for 70min after forming to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy.
The rhenium-containing hard alloy prepared by the embodiment is applied to preparing a hard alloy turning tool.
Comparative example 4
A cemented carbide substantially the same as example 4 except that: no Re powder was contained, and the WC powder was 180.38 kg.
Table 4 cemented carbide composition and performance table for example 4 and comparative example 4
| Mixture material | Example 4 | Comparative example 4 |
| WC(kg) | 177.68 | 180.38 |
| Co(kg) | 18.00 | 18.00 |
| Cr3C2(kg) | 0.62 | 0.62 |
| TaC(kg) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Re(kg) | 2.70 | 0 |
| Hardness (Hv3) | 1630 | 1610 |
| Flexural Strength TRS (N/mm)2) | 3040 | 2560 |
| Fracture toughness KⅠc(MN/M3/2) | 10.6 | 10.23 |
| Micro hardness of binding phase (MPa) | 562 | 499 |
| Number of stainless steel workpieces | 480 | 300 |
As can be seen from table 4, compared with the cemented carbide tool of comparative example 4, the hardness of the cemented carbide tool produced by the present invention (example 4) is equivalent, but the bending strength and the fracture toughness are obviously improved, and the micro-hardness of the binder phase in the alloy is improved by 12%. When the turning processing of the stainless steel workpiece is carried out, the service life of the cutter is prolonged by 60 percent.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The rhenium-containing hard alloy is characterized by mainly being prepared by mixing binder phase powder, Re powder and hard phase powder serving as raw materials, wherein the mass fraction of the binder phase powder is 3-15%, the mass fraction of the Re powder is 5-30% of that of the binder phase powder, and the balance is the hard phase powder; in the rhenium-containing hard alloy, Re is dissolved in a binder phase.
2. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to claim 1, wherein the binder phase powder is one or more of Co powder, Ni powder, and Fe powder.
3. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the Re powder is not less than 99.90%.
4. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hard phase powder comprises WC powder.
5. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to claim 4, wherein the WC powder has a particle size of 0.5-5.0 μm.
6. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to claim 4, wherein the hard phase powder further comprises a nitride powder or a carbide powder of one or more of Ta, Nb and Ti.
7. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the rhenium-containing hard alloy raw material further comprises an inhibitor comprising Cr3C2Powder and/or VC powder.
8. The rhenium-containing hard alloy according to claim 7, wherein the rhenium-containing hard alloy is composed of a hard phase powder, a Co powder, and a Cr powder3C2Powder, VC powder and Re powder, wherein the hard phase powder comprises 79.33-96.85 percent of hard phase powder, 3.00-15.00 percent of Co powder and Cr powder by mass fraction3C20-1.56% of powder, 0-1.11% of VC powder and 5-30% of Re powder by mass.
9. A method of making a rhenium-containing cemented carbide according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of: proportioning, mixing and ball-milling raw materials, drying and granulating the mixture, forming and sintering to obtain the rhenium-containing hard alloy.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sintering is vacuum sintering or high pressure sintering, the sintering temperature is 1400 ℃ to 1500 ℃, and when the sintering is high pressure sintering, the high pressure sintering pressure is 40bar to 80 bar; the forming agent adopted by the forming is a mixture of PEG4000 and PEG1500 or PEG4000, the total mass of the forming agent is 2-3% of the mass of the mixture, and when the forming agent is the mixture of PEG4000 and PEG1500, the addition amount of the PEG1500 is 0.5% of the mass of the mixture.
11. Use of the rhenium-containing hard alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the rhenium-containing hard alloy obtained by the preparation method according to claim 9 or 10 for preparing a hard alloy cutting tool.
12. The use according to claim 11, wherein the cemented carbide tool comprises a cemented carbide milling tool and a cemented carbide turning tool.
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| CN114507800A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-17 | 中南大学 | Hard alloy containing osmium and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114959400A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-08-30 | 广东翔鹭钨业股份有限公司 | WC-Co hard alloy with high toughness and high hardness and preparation method thereof |
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