CN111762779A - Coal-based activated carbon, columnar activated carbon and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coal-based activated carbon, columnar activated carbon and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of chemistry, and discloses coal-based activated carbon which is prepared from the following components: matrix coal: 100 parts by weight; high-temperature coal tar: 15-20 parts by weight; adhesive: 5-10 parts by weight; wherein the matrix coal consists of weakly caking coal and gas fat coal according to the weight ratio of 3-5: 1; the adhesive is prepared from 30-50% aqueous ammonia solution of water-based rosin resin, and the concentration of the aqueous ammonia in the adhesive is 5-8%. The strength of the coal-based activated carbon is more than 92 percent; the granularity of 0.7-1.25 mm accounts for more than 90 percent; the water capacity is more than 85 percent, the coal tar consumption is less, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of chemistry, in particular to coal-based activated carbon, columnar activated carbon and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Most of activated carbon used in the existing filter absorber is coal-based activated carbon which is mainly prepared from matrix coal, coal tar and a binder through carbonization and activation processes. The adhesive is generally made of pulp waste liquid and the like.
The coal-based activated carbon prepared by the above process has problems in that: the low strength of the carbon skeleton after carbonization causes the conditions of low particle strength, low mesoporous rate and insufficient water capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide coal-based activated carbon, columnar activated carbon and a preparation method thereof, wherein the strength of the coal-based activated carbon is more than 92 percent; the granularity of 0.7-1.25 mm accounts for more than 90 percent; the water capacity is more than 85 percent, the coal tar consumption is less, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.
The specific scheme of the invention is as follows: a coal-based activated carbon is prepared from the following components:
matrix coal: 100 parts by weight;
high-temperature coal tar: 15-20 parts by weight;
adhesive: 5-10 parts by weight;
wherein the matrix coal consists of weakly caking coal and gas fat coal according to the weight ratio of 3-5: 1;
the adhesive is aqueous ammonia solution of 30-50% aqueous rosin resin, and the aqueous ammonia concentration of the adhesive is 5-8%.
In the coal-based activated carbon, the activated carbon is prepared from the following components:
matrix coal: 100 parts by weight;
high-temperature coal tar: 16-18 parts by weight;
adhesive: 6-8 parts by weight;
wherein the matrix coal consists of weakly caking coal and gas fat coal according to the weight ratio of 4: 1;
the adhesive is aqueous ammonia solution of 40% aqueous rosin resin by mass concentration, and the aqueous ammonia concentration in the adhesive is 5-8%.
In the above coal-based activated carbon, the matrix coal is previously activated with 15 to 20 mass% ammonia water.
In the above coal-based activated carbon, the coal-based activated carbon is in a columnar, cake, or granular form.
In the above coal-based activated carbon, the strength of the coal-based activated carbon is > 92%; the granularity of 0.7-1.25 mm accounts for more than 90 percent; the water capacity is more than 85 percent.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides columnar activated carbon for civil air defense engineering, which is prepared by adopting any one of the coal activated carbon and the catalyst and has a columnar shape.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the coal-based activated carbon, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal and sieving with a sieve of 200 meshes or more;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15-20% into the powder; the ammonia water accounts for 2-2.5% of the total weight of the powder, and the ammonia water is uniformly mixed and then stands for more than 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step (2), coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to a ratio for mixing, adding into a mould after uniformly mixing, and performing extrusion forming to obtain semi-finished product particles;
and 4, step 4: and (4) carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step (3) by a carbonization furnace to obtain a finished product.
In the preparation method of the coal-based activated carbon, the carbonization temperature in the step 3 is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 50-70 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃; the inner diameter of the quartz tube in the carbonization furnace is 30-60mm, the length is 300-450mm, the flow rate of the water for activation is 10-15ml/min, and the activation time is 1-2 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) compared with the prior art, the matrix coal disclosed by the invention consists of weakly caking coal and gas fat coal, the weakly caking coal is medium in caking property, the volatile matter range is wide, the gas fat coal is good in caking property, and the volatile matter is high. Before carbonization, the caking property of the gas fat coal enables the gas fat coal to play a role of a framework after granulation, the weakly caking coal is filled in the framework formed by the gas fat coal, after carbonization, the gas fat coal has higher volatile matter and further enhanced framework strength, the weakly caking coal has low volatile matter, the integral mesopore rate of the carbonized particles is high, and the water capacity of the weakly caking coal is better compared with that of the traditional product.
(2) Compared with the prior art, the water-based rosin resin is used as the adhesive, the molecular weight is large, the carbon skeleton is easy to form, the high-temperature coal tar also plays a role in adhesion, the water-based rosin resin and the gas fat coal form a more stable carbon skeleton, the substrate coal needs to be subjected to alkalization treatment before the water-based rosin resin is used as the adhesive to improve the bonding affinity of the substrate coal and the adhesive, and the stability of a carbon skeleton system is improved in the carbonization process, so that the carbon skeleton system mainly comprising the gas fat coal and supplemented by the coal tar and the rosin resin is more integrated, and the strength, the water capacity and the mesopore rate are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, and any limited number of modifications which can be made within the scope of the claims of the invention are still within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Example 1
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal by a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal are proportioned according to the weight ratio of 4:1, the water content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than 5%, and the ash content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15% into the powder; the using amount of ammonia water is 2g, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then stands for 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step 2, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:17:7 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar, the adhesive is water-based rosin resin, the water-based rosin resin is fumaric acid and pentaerythritol modified rosin resin, and the water-based rosin resin can be prepared by the method of the embodiment in the application number CN201910741668.4 and the subject of the water-soluble fumaric acid modified rosin resin and the preparation method thereof. Of course, the rosin resin modified by fumaric acid and pentaerythritol should not be limited by the ratio of the components in the patent application, and most of the rosin resins modified by fumaric acid and pentaerythritol and capable of dissolving in low-concentration ammonia water on the market can meet the requirements of the experiment. The concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 40 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 6 percent. All the subsequent examples are the water-soluble rosin resins in the present example.
And 4, step 4: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 3 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 60 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 12ml/min, and the activation time is 1 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Example 2
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal by a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal are proportioned according to the weight ratio of 3:1, the water content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than 5%, and the ash content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 20% into the powder; the using amount of ammonia water is 2g, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then stands for 24 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step 2, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:15:10 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar; the concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 50 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 8 percent.
And 4, step 4: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 3 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 60 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 12ml/min, and the activation time is 1 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Example 3
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal by a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal are proportioned according to the weight ratio of 5:1, the water content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than 5%, and the ash content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15% into the powder; the using amount of ammonia water is 2.5g, and the mixture is evenly mixed and then stands for 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step 2, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:20:5 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar; the concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 30 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 5 percent.
And 4, step 4: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 3 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 60 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 12ml/min, and the activation time is 1 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Example 4
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal by a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal are proportioned according to the weight ratio of 4:1, the water content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than 5%, and the ash content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15% into the powder; the using amount of ammonia water is 2g, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then stands for 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step 2, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:16:8 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar; the concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 35 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 7 percent.
And 4, step 4: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 3 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 60 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 15ml/min, and the activation time is 2 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Example 5
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal by a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal are proportioned according to the weight ratio of 4:1, the water content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than 5%, and the ash content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15% into the powder; the using amount of ammonia water is 2g, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then stands for 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step 2, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:18:6 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar; the concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 45 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 8 percent.
And 4, step 4: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 3 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 60 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the activation water is 10ml/min, and the activation time is 2 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Comparative example 1
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal by a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal are proportioned according to the weight ratio of 4:1, the water content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than 5%, and the ash content of the weakly caking coal and the gas fat coal is required to be lower than;
step 2: adding the powder treated in the step 1, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:17:7 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar, the adhesive is water-based rosin resin, the water-based rosin resin is fumaric acid and pentaerythritol modified rosin resin, and the water-based rosin resin can be prepared by the method of the embodiment in the application number CN201910741668.4 and the subject of the water-soluble fumaric acid modified rosin resin and the preparation method thereof. Of course, the rosin resin modified by fumaric acid and pentaerythritol should not be limited by the ratio of the components in the patent application, and most of the rosin resins modified by fumaric acid and pentaerythritol and capable of dissolving in low-concentration ammonia water on the market can meet the requirements of the experiment. The concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 40 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 6 percent. All the subsequent examples are the water-soluble rosin resins in the present example.
And step 3: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 2 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 12ml/min, and the activation time is 1 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Comparative example 2
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal with a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the water content is required to be lower than 5 percent, and the ash content is required to be lower than 10 percent;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15% into the powder; the using amount of ammonia water is 2g, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and then stands for 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step 2, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:17:7 for mixing, adding into a mould after mixing uniformly, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar, the adhesive is water-based rosin resin, the water-based rosin resin is fumaric acid and pentaerythritol modified rosin resin, and the water-based rosin resin can be prepared by the method of the embodiment in the application number CN201910741668.4 and the subject of the water-soluble fumaric acid modified rosin resin and the preparation method thereof. Of course, the rosin resin modified by fumaric acid and pentaerythritol should not be limited by the ratio of the components in the patent application, and most of the rosin resins modified by fumaric acid and pentaerythritol and capable of dissolving in low-concentration ammonia water on the market can meet the requirements of the experiment. The concentration of the aqueous rosin resin in the adhesive is 40 percent, and the concentration of the ammonia water is 6 percent. All the subsequent examples are the water-soluble rosin resins in the present example.
And 4, step 4: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 3 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 60 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 12ml/min, and the activation time is 1 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Comparative example 3
Step 1: crushing weakly caking coal with the total weight of 100g, and sieving the crushed weakly caking coal with a 200-mesh sieve, wherein the water content is required to be lower than 5 percent, and the ash content is required to be lower than 10 percent;
step 2: adding the powder, coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to the ratio of 100:35:10 for mixing, adding into a mould after uniformly mixing, and carrying out extrusion forming under the pressure of 30-40MPa to obtain semi-finished product particles; the coal tar is high-temperature coal tar, and the adhesive is pulp liquid.
And step 3: carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step 2 by a carbonization furnace, wherein the carbonization and the activation are carried out in the carbonization furnace, the specification of a quartz tube is 30 x 450mm, the carbonization temperature is 550-; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃, the flow rate of the water for activation is 12ml/min, and the activation time is 1 h.
The specification of the finished product particles is that the granularity is more than 1.25mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, the granularity is less than 0.7mm and less than or equal to 5 percent, and the granularity is 0.7-1.25 mm and more than 90 percent.
Performance testing
The strength test standard is referred to GB/T7702.3-2008, and the water capacity test is referred to GB/T7702.5-1997;
the test results are referred to the following table.
| Strength% | Water capacity% | |
| Example 1 | 94.4 | 90.5 |
| Example 2 | 93.1 | 91.1 |
| Example 3 | 92.3 | 89.7 |
| Example 4 | 93.6 | 92.3 |
| Example 5 | 94.1 | 88.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 90.2 | 81.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 85.2 | 80.8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 86.9 | 88.4 |
From the test results in the table above, it can be known that whether the matrix is subjected to activation treatment, which binder is used, the amount of the main component, and the like all have obvious influence on parameters such as the strength of the activated carbon skeleton.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides columnar activated carbon for civil defense, and a catalyst of the activated carbon adopts a confidential formula provided by professional scientific research institutes of certain civil defense.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
the production process comprises the following steps: 1. preparing materials: mixing the liquid and the solid to prepare a special solution;
dry and wet mixing: mixing the activated carbon with the special solution to enable the components of the solution to be absorbed into the carbon;
and (3) drying: evaporating water and other unwanted components from the char;
packaging: the finished catalyst is packed into bags according to 25 kg per bag.
The columnar activated carbon can be used for a special filter absorber for civil air defense in the market mainstream.
Claims (8)
1. A coal-based activated carbon is characterized by being prepared from the following components:
matrix coal: 100 parts by weight;
high-temperature coal tar: 15-20 parts by weight;
adhesive: 5-10 parts by weight;
wherein the matrix coal consists of weakly caking coal and gas fat coal according to the weight ratio of 3-5: 1;
the adhesive is aqueous ammonia solution of 30-50% aqueous rosin resin, and the aqueous ammonia concentration of the adhesive is 5-8%.
2. Coal-based activated carbon according to claim 1, prepared by:
matrix coal: 100 parts by weight;
high-temperature coal tar: 16-18 parts by weight;
adhesive: 6-8 parts by weight;
wherein the matrix coal consists of weakly caking coal and gas fat coal according to the weight ratio of 4: 1;
the adhesive is aqueous ammonia solution of 40% aqueous rosin resin by mass concentration, and the aqueous ammonia concentration in the adhesive is 5-8%.
3. The coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the matrix coal is previously activated by ammonia water at a mass concentration of 15 to 20%.
4. The coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is in the form of a column, a cake or a granule.
5. Coal-based activated carbon as claimed in claim 1 or 2 having a strength > 92%; the granularity of 0.7-1.25 mm accounts for more than 90 percent; the water capacity is more than 85 percent.
6. A columnar activated carbon for civil air defense construction, which is produced by using the coal-based activated carbon according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a catalyst and has a columnar shape.
7. A process for the preparation of a coal-based activated carbon as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 comprising the steps of:
step 1: crushing weakly caking coal and gas fat coal and sieving with a sieve of 200 meshes or more;
step 2: adding the powder obtained in the step (1) into a container with a stirrer, starting stirring, and spraying ammonia water with the mass concentration of 15-20% into the powder; the ammonia water accounts for 2-2.5% of the total weight of the powder, and the ammonia water is uniformly mixed and then stands for more than 12 hours;
and step 3: adding the powder treated in the step (2), coal tar and adhesive into a high-speed mixer according to a ratio for mixing, adding into a mould after uniformly mixing, and performing extrusion forming to obtain semi-finished product particles;
and 4, step 4: and (4) carbonizing and activating the semi-finished product particles obtained in the step (3) by a carbonization furnace to obtain a finished product.
8. The method for preparing a coaly activated carbon as defined in claim 7, wherein the carbonization temperature in step 3 is 550-650 ℃, and the carbonization time is 50-70 min; the activation temperature is 850-900 ℃; the inner diameter of the quartz tube in the carbonization furnace is 30-60mm, the length is 300-450mm, and the flow rate of the water for activation is 10-15 ml/min.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112642423A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-13 | 辽宁铭鑫环境工程有限公司 | Preparation and application of high-temperature coal tar-based palladium carbon |
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