CN111756080A - Battery pack balancing device and method - Google Patents
Battery pack balancing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111756080A CN111756080A CN201910248574.3A CN201910248574A CN111756080A CN 111756080 A CN111756080 A CN 111756080A CN 201910248574 A CN201910248574 A CN 201910248574A CN 111756080 A CN111756080 A CN 111756080A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of battery management and discloses a battery pack balancing device and a method, wherein the anode of an ith battery is connected with the first end of an ith switch element and the cathode of an ith-1 battery, the second end of the ith switch element is connected with the cathode of a 2i-1 diode and the anode of a 2i-2 diode, the first end of an ith capacitor is connected with the anode of the 2i-1 diode and the cathode of the 2i diode, the second end of the ith capacitor is connected with the first end of an inductor, the first end of the inductor is connected with the source electrode of a first switch tube and the drain electrode of a second switch tube, the drain electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the anode of the 1 battery, the source electrode of the second switch tube is connected with the cathode of the nth battery and the first end of an n +1 switch element, the second end of the n +1 switch element is connected with the anode of the 2n diode, the first fly-wheel diode is connected with the first switch tube in parallel, and the second fly-wheel diode is connected with the second switch tube in parallel; avoiding waste of electric energy and simplifying the circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery management, and particularly relates to a battery pack balancing device and method.
Background
On the one hand, with the development requirements of electric tools, electric vehicles, electric bicycles and the like, especially in the new energy automobile industry, pure electric vehicles gradually become research and development hotspots of various automobile companies in the world. Whether the single battery or the power battery pack is used as a core component of the electric equipment, the power performance, the economy and the safety of the equipment are greatly influenced. On the other hand, with the rise of the new energy automobile industry, the replacement and decommissioning number of the power battery is continuously increased, the capacity of the decommissioned battery is 60% -70% of the initial capacity, and is close to 80% and 50% respectively, if the battery is directly disassembled or discarded, not only the use cost is greatly increased, but also the resource waste is obviously caused, so that the decommissioned battery needs to be subjected to echelon utilization.
After a plurality of charge and discharge cycles, the residual capacity of each battery cell is approximately distributed at different heights, and if the battery cells are not balanced, overcharge and overdischarge phenomena are easy to occur.
In order to solve the above problem and improve the overall performance of the battery pack, it is necessary to adopt the equalization control. The balance control method for the batteries at present is characterized in that a shunt resistor is connected outside each battery in parallel, energy of a battery unit with higher residual capacity is consumed through the resistor by controlling a corresponding switching device, and a large amount of heat is generated while the energy is wasted in balance, so that the thermal management of the batteries is increased.
Therefore, the conventional battery pack balancing device has the defects that the thermal management of the battery needs to be increased while the electric energy is wasted, so that the electric energy is wasted and the circuit is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery pack balancing device and a battery pack balancing method, and aims to solve the problems that the traditional battery pack balancing device wastes electric energy and needs to increase battery thermal management, so that the electric energy is wasted and a circuit is complex.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack balancing apparatus, where the battery pack includes n batteries connected in series; n is an integer greater than 3; the battery pack balancing device comprises n +1 switching elements, n capacitors, 2n diodes, an inductor, a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, a first switching tube and a second switching tube;
the positive electrode of the ith battery is connected with the first end of the ith switching element and the negative electrode of the (i-1) th battery, the second end of the ith switching element is connected with the negative electrode of the (2 i-1) th diode and the positive electrode of the (2 i-2) th diode, the first end of the ith capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the (2 i-1) th diode and the negative electrode of the (2 i) th diode, the second end of the ith capacitor is connected with the first end of the inductor, the first end of the inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the first freewheeling diode D01, the negative electrode of the second freewheeling diode D02, the source electrode of the first switching tube and the drain electrode of the second switching tube, the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the first freewheeling diode D01 and the positive electrode of the 1 st battery, and the source electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the second freewheeling diode D02, The negative electrode of the nth battery is connected with the first end of the (n + 1) th switching element, and the second end of the (n + 1) th switching element is connected with the positive electrode of the (2 n) th diode;
wherein i is a natural number not more than n.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack balancing method based on the battery pack balancing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the electric quantity of the 1 st cell to the electric quantity of the nth cell are sequentially decreased, the method including:
setting i as n;
controlling the (n + 1) th switching element and the ith switching element to be conducted;
sequentially controlling the first switching tube and the second switching tube to be switched on and switched off according to a preset frequency;
updating i to a value of i-1;
judging whether i is smaller than 2;
if the i is not less than 2, executing the step of controlling the conduction of the (n + 1) th switching element and the ith switching element;
and if the i is less than 2, ending the battery pack balancing.
According to the embodiment of the invention, n +1 switching elements can be conducted according to the preset sequence, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube can be conducted according to the preset frequency, so that the balance of electric quantity among n batteries connected in series in the battery pack is realized, the electric energy waste and the circuit design complexity are avoided, the electric energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the circuit is simplified.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical invention in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a battery pack balancing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is another block diagram of a battery pack balancing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a battery pack balancing method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic current flow diagram of a battery pack balancing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating another current flow direction of the battery pack balancing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating another current flow direction of the battery pack balancing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view illustrating another current flow direction of the battery pack balancing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates a module structure of a battery pack balancing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are illustrated, and the details are as follows:
the battery pack balancing device is connected with a battery pack, and the battery pack comprises n batteries connected in series; n is an integer greater than 3; the battery pack balancing device comprises n +1 switching elements S, n capacitors C, 2n diodes D, an inductor L, a first freewheeling diode D01, a second freewheeling diode D02, a first switching tube Q1 and a second switching tube Q2.
The positive electrode of the ith battery Bi is connected with the first end of the ith switching element Si and the negative electrode of the (i-1) th battery Bi-1, the second end of the ith switching element Si is connected with the negative electrode of the (2 i-1) th diode D2i-1 and the positive electrode of the (2 i-2) th diode D2i-2, the first end of the ith capacitor Ci is connected with the positive electrode of the (2 i-1) th diode D2i-1 and the negative electrode of the (2 i) th diode D2i, the second end of the ith capacitor Ci is connected with the first end of an inductor L, the first end of the inductor L is connected with the positive electrode of a first freewheeling diode D01, the negative electrode of a second freewheeling diode D02, the source electrode of a first switching tube Q1 and the drain electrode of a second switching tube Q2, the drain electrode of the first switching tube Q1 is connected with the negative electrode of the first freewheeling diode D01 and the negative electrode of the 1 st battery B1, the source electrode of the second switching tube Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of the first switching element Sn +1 + n +1 th battery Sn +1 A second terminal of the (n + 1) th switching element Sn +1 is connected to the anode of the (2 n) th diode;
wherein i is a natural number not more than n.
The switching element may be a relay or an optocoupler. The first switch tube and the second switch tube can be field effect tubes or IGBT tubes.
As shown in fig. 2, the battery pack balancing apparatus further includes a control module.
The control module is connected with the n +1 switching elements S, the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2, and is used for generating n +1 switching element control signals, first control signals and second control signals.
The control module generates n +1 switching element control signals, the first control signal and the second control signal to balance the battery pack, so that the battery pack balancing efficiency is improved.
The invention further provides a battery pack equalization method, based on the battery pack equalization circuit, the electric quantity of the 1 st battery to the electric quantity of the nth battery are sequentially reduced, as shown in fig. 3, the battery pack equalization method includes steps 301 to 308.
In step 301, i is set to n.
In step 302, the (n + 1) th switching element and the ith switching element are controlled to be turned on.
Specifically, step 302 may be: the control module generates an n +1 th switching element control signal and an ith switching element control signal, and the n +1 th switching element control signal and the ith switching element control signal respectively control the n +1 th switching element and the ith switching element to be conducted.
In step 303, the first switching tube and the second switching tube are sequentially controlled to be turned on and off according to a preset frequency.
In a specific implementation, step 302 includes steps 302-1 through 302-4.
In step 303-1, the first switch tube is controlled to be turned on.
Specifically, step 303 may be: the control module generates a first control signal of a first level, and the first control signal of the first level controls the first switch tube to be conducted.
In step 303-2, the first switch tube is controlled to be turned off.
Specifically, step 303-2 may be: the control module generates a first control signal of a second level, and the first control signal of the second level controls the first switch tube to be cut off.
In step 303-3, the second switch tube is controlled to be conducted.
Specifically, step 303-3 may be: the control module generates a second control signal of the first level, and the second control signal of the first level controls the conduction of the second switch tube.
In step 303-4, the second switch tube is controlled to be turned off.
Specifically, step 303-4 may be: the control module generates a second control signal of a second level, and the second control signal of the first level controls the second switch tube to be cut off.
In step 304, i is updated to the value of i-1.
In step 305, it is determined whether i is less than 2.
If it is determined that i is not less than 2, go to step 302 to step 304.
And if the i is not less than 2, ending the battery pack balancing.
The following further description of fig. 1 is provided in connection with a battery pack balancing method:
first set i to n. The (n + 1) th switching element Sn +1 and the ith switching element Si (the nth switching element Sn) are controlled to be turned on. Then the first switch tube Q1 is controlled to be conducted, the current path is as shown in fig. 4, the current flows through the i-1 st battery Bi-1 (the n-1 st battery Bn-1), the i-2 nd battery Bi-2 (the n-2 nd battery Bn-2), the … … 1 st battery B1, the first switch tube Q1, the inductor L, the i th capacitor Ci (the n-th capacitor Cn), the i-th switch element Si (the n-th switch element Sn), the n-1 st battery Bn-1 to the 1 st battery B1 are discharged, the inductor current rises, and the i-th capacitor Ci (the n-th capacitor Cn) is charged. Then, the first switching tube Q1 is controlled to be turned off, the direction of the current path is not changed, and as shown in fig. 5, the current flows through the inductor L, the ith capacitor Ci (nth capacitor Cn), the ith switching element Si (nth switching element Sn), the nth battery Bn, and the second freewheeling diode D2, and at this time, the inductor current decreases until it becomes 0, and the ith capacitor Ci (nth capacitor Cn) and the nth battery Bn are charged. Then, the second switch Q2 is controlled to be turned on, the current path is reversed, and as shown in fig. 6, the current flows through the ith capacitor Ci (nth capacitor Cn), the inductor L, the second switch Q2, and the (n + 1) th switch element Sn +1, at which time, the inductor current rises, and the ith capacitor Ci (nth capacitor Cn) discharges. Finally, the second switch tube Q2 is controlled to be turned off, the direction of the current path is not changed, as shown in fig. 7, the current flows through the ith capacitor Ci (nth capacitor Cn), the inductor L, the first freewheeling diode tube D1, the 1 st battery B1 to the ith battery Bi (nth battery Bn), at this time, the inductor current rises, the ith capacitor Ci (nth capacitor Cn) discharges, and the 1 st battery B1 to the nth battery Bn charges. Thereby realizing that the i-1 st cell Bi-1 (the n-1 st cell Bn-1) to the 1 st cell B1 charge the i-th cell Bi (the n-th cell Bn).
Updating i to a value of i-1 (i.e. n-1), and when n-1 is judged to be not less than 2, executing the step 303 to the step 306, specifically, when the first switch tube Q1 is turned on, discharging the (n-2) th battery Bn-2 to the (1) th battery B1, increasing the current of the inductor L, and charging the (n-1) th capacitor; when the first switch tube Q1 is cut off, the current of the inductor L rises, the (n-1) th capacitor is charged, and the (n-1) th battery Bn-1 to the nth battery Bn are charged; when the second switching tube Q2 is conducted, the current of the inductor L rises, and the (n-1) th capacitor discharges; when the second switch tube Q2 is turned off, the current of the inductor L rises, the (n-1) th capacitor discharges, and the 1 st battery B1 to the nth battery Bn charge; thereby realizing the charging of the (n-1) th to nth batteries Bn-1) to Bn by the (n-2) th to 1 st batteries Bn-2 to B1.
By analogy, until the value of i is less than 2, the charging of the 1 st cell B1 to the 2 nd cell B2 to the nth cell Bn is achieved.
The embodiment of the invention comprises n +1 switching elements, n capacitors, 2n diodes, an inductor, a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, a first switching tube and a second switching tube; the positive pole of the ith battery is connected with the first end of the ith switch element and the negative pole of the (i-1) th battery, the second end of the ith switch element is connected with the negative pole of the (2 i-1) th diode and the positive pole of the (2 i-2) th diode, the first end of the ith capacitor is connected with the positive pole of the (2 i-1) th diode and the negative pole of the (2 i) th diode, the second end of the ith capacitor is connected with the first end of the inductor, the first end of the inductor is connected with the source electrode of the first switch tube and the drain electrode of the second switch tube, the drain electrode of the first switch tube is connected with the positive pole of the (1) th battery, the source electrode of the second switch tube is connected with the negative pole of the nth battery and the first end of the (n + 1) th switch element, the second end of the (n + 1) th switch element is connected with the positive pole of the (2 n) th diode, and the first freewheeling diode is connected with the first switch, the second freewheeling diode is connected with the second switching tube in parallel; avoiding waste of electric energy and simplifying the circuit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A battery pack equalization device is characterized by being connected with a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises n batteries which are connected in series; n is an integer greater than 3; the battery pack balancing device comprises n +1 switching elements, n capacitors, 2n diodes, an inductor, a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, a first switching tube and a second switching tube;
the positive electrode of the ith battery is connected with the first end of the ith switching element and the negative electrode of the (i-1) th battery, the second end of the ith switching element is connected with the negative electrode of the (2 i-1) th diode and the positive electrode of the (2 i-2) th diode, the first end of the ith capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the (2 i-1) th diode and the negative electrode of the (2 i) th diode, the second end of the ith capacitor is connected with the first end of the inductor, the first end of the inductor is connected with the positive electrode of the first freewheeling diode, the negative electrode of the second freewheeling diode, the source electrode of the first switching tube and the drain electrode of the second switching tube, the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the first freewheeling diode and the positive electrode of the (1) th battery, and the source electrode of the second switching tube is connected with the positive electrode of the second freewheeling diode, The negative electrode of the nth battery is connected with the first end of the (n + 1) th switching element, and the second end of the (n + 1) th switching element is connected with the positive electrode of the (2 n) th diode;
wherein i is a natural number not more than n.
2. The battery pack balancing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
and the control module is connected with the n +1 switching elements, the first switching tube and the second switching tube and used for generating n +1 switching element control signals, first control signals and second control signals.
3. The battery pack balancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switching element is a relay or an optocoupler.
4. The battery pack balancing device of claim 1, wherein the first switch tube and the second switch tube are field effect transistors or IGBT tubes.
5. A battery pack equalization method based on the battery pack equalization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the electric quantity of the 1 st cell to the electric quantity of the nth cell are sequentially decreased, the method comprising:
setting i as n;
controlling the (n + 1) th switching element and the ith switching element to be conducted;
sequentially controlling the first switching tube and the second switching tube to be switched on and switched off according to a preset frequency;
updating i to a value of i-1;
judging whether i is smaller than 2;
if the i is not less than 2, executing the step of controlling the conduction of the (n + 1) th switching element and the ith switching element;
and if the i is less than 2, ending the battery pack balancing.
6. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 5, wherein the sequentially controlling the first switching tube and the second switching tube to be turned on and off at a predetermined frequency comprises:
controlling the first switch tube to be conducted;
controlling the first switching tube to be cut off;
controlling the second switching tube to be conducted;
and controlling the second switching tube to be cut off.
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