CN111749255A - Double-switch rockfall early warning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-switch rockfall early warning device which comprises a plurality of support columns which are vertically arranged side by side, wherein the bottom of each support column is hinged with a base; the upper part of the support column is connected with an anchor pulling anchor rod through an anchor pulling rope, and a second switch sensor and a second buffer spring are arranged on the anchor pulling rope; the supporting ropes sequentially penetrate through the supporting columns, and a plurality of supporting ropes are sequentially arranged on the supporting columns side by side from top to bottom; the two fixing seats are respectively arranged on extension lines on two sides of the support column arranged side by side, and two end parts of the support rope are respectively connected to the two fixing seats; the supporting rope is provided with a first switch sensor and a first buffer spring; also comprises an early warning device. After falling rocks impact the invention, the tension of the supporting rope and the tension of the upper pull anchor rope can be monitored through the first switch sensor and the second switch sensor, and then the early warning device can remind passers-by or vehicles; the whole structure is simple, the cost is low and the performance is reliable.

Description

Double-switch rockfall early warning device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of slope protection, in particular to a double-switch rockfall early warning device.

Background

China is one of the countries with the most serious geological disasters and the most threatened population in the world. In recent decades, China has frequent earthquakes, including Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, Qinghai Yushu earthquake in 2010, Sichuan Yibin earthquake in 2019 and the like, the earthquake causes the structure of a mountain rock-soil body to be more broken, secondary landslide, collapse and the like provide a large number of sources for rockfall disasters, and along with the rapid construction of roads and railways and the increasing of mountain town construction, the rapid development of ecological tourism business in mountainous areas leads to the increasingly prominent safety problem of the collapsed rockfall disasters. Data show that the number of dead people caused by small-volume collapse and boulder exceeds one hundred people every year, and the method has the characteristics of sudden property, low regularity, high prediction difficulty and the like, so that the collapse and boulder falling in human activity areas are very likely to cause great life and property loss.

The trains and vehicles run in mountainous areas, wherein one of the biggest potential safety hazards is rockfall, and the rockfall easily damages the trains, the vehicles and the lines due to no sign when the rockfall happens, so that the serious accidents of the trains, the vehicles, the overturn and the like are caused, and the safe transportation of the railways, the highways and the like is seriously damaged. And the occurrence of the rockfall has the characteristics of being sudden and unpredictable, and the rockfall can occur all the year round, so that the time and the place of the rockfall which can occur cannot be predicted in advance, and the rockfall is difficult to prevent.

For the protection of some important facilities built in mountainous areas, flexible protective nets are mostly adopted at present, particularly passive protective nets are adopted for interception, the interception height of the passive protective nets is usually not more than 5m at present due to the protection mechanism of the passive protective nets, the possibility of protection failure caused by landed rock leap and super protection capability exists, and serious consequences are brought if the landed rock leap or the protection failure cannot be found in time; for the protection of facilities with low safety risk level, such as roads, due to the fact that the points are long and the wires are long, the flexible protection is adopted for protection, and due to the fact that the protection construction cost is too large, the protection such as rockfall interception is difficult to implement completely.

Aiming at preventing and treating collapse and rockfall disasters, the conventional monitoring technology is mainly divided into three types, one is that sensors are directly arranged in a potential collapse dangerous rock area or an affected area to carry out point-to-point monitoring on rock masses which are possibly separated from a parent body, such as a pull rod type displacement meter, a vibration sensor and the like; secondly, a passive flexible protective net capable of intercepting rockfall is arranged on the side slopes along the lines of roads, railways and human engineering with collapse rockfall hazards, and corresponding sensors are installed on the protective net, so that real-time monitoring of rockfall on hillsides and effective early warning of rockfall disasters are achieved; thirdly, mountain rockfall monitoring is carried out by non-contact means such as radar and video decoding.

Based on the three methods, the technical problems which are difficult to overcome exist:

the dangerous rock state and the specific collapse time are further predicted by directly arranging sensors such as a pull rod type displacement meter, an accelerometer, an inclinometer and the like on the dangerous rock mass and monitoring the development change condition, the starting condition and the angular rotation condition of the dangerous rock mass crack, although the method can achieve better early warning, the defects of poor construction environment and many unsafe factors exist, and the construction of the dangerous rock mass is accelerated to damage the original dangerous rock mass; the contradiction of 'no monitoring of monitoring and no monitoring of caving' is difficult to solve, and the defects of high cost and large construction difficulty exist when dangerous rock masses which are likely to be caved are all monitored; and particularly, under severe environments such as high mountain canyon regions, three gorges reservoir regions and the like, the problems of insufficient power supply and poor signal transmission of the sensor acquisition terminal and the data transmission relay station are faced, and no better solution is provided.

Realize the early warning of falling rocks through installing the sensor in each mechanism of passive net, firstly install the tilt sensor on the stand, carry out the early warning through the inclination of monitoring stand, can realize automatic early warning, still exist following not enough: the influence of external factors such as wind, animals, people and the like is large, misjudgment is easy to occur, and the monitoring reliability is low. Secondly install pulling force, vibration, bending sensor on anchor rope, last supporting rope, judge the emergence of falling rocks through the pulling force of monitoring protection network anchor rope, vibration or the crookedness of going up the supporting rope, have advantages such as anti-interference strong, long service life, still exist following not enoughly: the signal demodulation system is complex and expensive; the fiber grating sensor is easy to damage, high in maintenance difficulty and high in cost. At present, the method still changes a certain physical quantity of a monitoring passive network into an early warning index, the monitoring variable is incomplete, and the report missing rate is high; and the sensor data transmission mode is based on operator network more and the consumption is higher, has the shortcoming that it is difficult to promote in the signal is relatively poor or no signal area.

Through non-contact means such as radar range finding speed measuring, video decoding carry out mountain body rockfall monitoring, realize the monitoring and the early warning of rockfall, have advantages such as equipment factor of safety height, long service life, still exist following not enough: the power consumption is high, and the power supply requirement is high; the noise is big, the reliability is lower, the data bulk is big.

Generally, the above detection technologies have the problems of high reliability, low cost, and high installation difficulty.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a double-switch rockfall early warning device which is simple in structure, reliable in performance, low in manufacturing cost and capable of automatically inclining after impact, and is used for monitoring occurrence of rockfall, finding rockfall in time and giving an early warning.

The method is mainly used for monitoring the side slope with low rockfall occurrence probability, giving a certain early warning time to equipment and personnel (such as vehicles and personnel on the road) needing to be protected, and greatly avoiding disasters from becoming harmful; secondly, strengthening and monitoring an area where protective measures are installed, for example, installing the area in a rockfall near place where a passive protective net can fly over, monitoring flying rockfalls, and monitoring the rockfalls which are not intercepted due to failure of the passive protective net; and thirdly, short-term monitoring in engineering emergency can be realized, rapid installation and real-time early warning can be realized, and emergency personnel can be protected.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a double-switch rockfall early warning device comprises a plurality of support columns which are vertically arranged side by side, wherein the bottom of each support column is hinged with a base connected with a concrete foundation; the upper part of the support column is connected with a pull anchor rod fixed in the side slope through an upper pull anchor rope, the pull anchor rod is positioned on the rockfall generation side of the support column, and a second switch sensor and a second buffer spring are arranged on the upper pull anchor rope; the support rope sequentially penetrates through the support columns, and a plurality of support ropes are sequentially arranged on the support columns side by side from top to bottom; the two fixing seats connected with the concrete foundation are respectively arranged on extension lines on two sides of the support columns arranged side by side, and two end parts of the support ropes are respectively connected to the two fixing seats; a first switch sensor and a first buffer spring are arranged on the supporting rope between the fixed seat and the adjacent supporting column;

the second switch sensor and the first switch sensor have the same structure and respectively comprise a connecting rod, a first protective barrel, a second protective barrel, a protective cover, a connecting ring, a pre-tightening spring, a first travel switch and a second travel switch; the first protection cylinder and the second protection cylinder are coaxially arranged, and the first protection cylinder and the second protection cylinder are detachably connected together through a cylindrical protection cover; the first protection barrel and the second protection barrel are both provided with through holes for the connecting rod to pass through along the axial direction; the adjacent near ends of the first protection barrel and the second protection barrel are not closed, one end of the first protection barrel, which is far away from the second protection barrel, is a closed end, and a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through is formed in the closed end; one end of the second protection cylinder, which is far away from the first protection cylinder, is a closed end, and the connecting ring is connected to the closed end of the second protection cylinder; the first travel switch and the second travel switch are arranged in the protective cover side by side along the axis of the protective cover, the first travel switch is arranged close to the first protective barrel, and the protective cover is provided with a wiring hole; one end of the connecting rod is a rod body extending out of the closed end of the first protective barrel, the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a protruding part with the diameter larger than that of the rod body, and the pre-tightening spring is sleeved on the rod body between the protruding part and the closed end of the first protective barrel; the convex part is in relative sliding contact with the first travel switch and the second travel switch under the action force of the pre-tightening spring, and the contact state of the convex part is divided into three conditions:

the first condition is that the convex part is simultaneously contacted with a first travel switch and a second travel switch;

in the second case, the convex part is only contacted with the first travel switch and is not contacted with the second travel switch;

the third situation is that the bulge is only contacted with the second travel switch and not contacted with the first travel switch;

the early warning device is electrically connected with the first travel switch and the second travel switch and can send out corresponding alarms according to the three conditions.

The invention has simple structure, low cost and reliable performance; the support column can take place to empty when receiving the falling rocks striking, and the falling rocks can drive first travel switch and second travel switch action in second switch sensor and the first switch sensor to correspond the above-mentioned three kinds of condition and send corresponding alarm, remind pedestrian or the vehicle of passing by.

As a further technical scheme of the above scheme, external threads are arranged on the outer surfaces of the unsealed ends of the first protection cylinder and the second protection cylinder; and inner threads matched with the outer threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the two ends of the protective cover. The cylindrical protective cover is connected with the first protective barrel and the second protective barrel through threads, so that connection is convenient and fast.

As a further technical solution of the above aspect, the protective cover includes a first protective cover and a second protective cover; the first protective cover and the second protective cover are both in a semi-cylindrical shape, and through holes are formed in the two ends of the first protective cover and the second protective cover; connecting threaded holes are formed in the unclosed ends of the first protection barrel and the second protection barrel and correspond to the through holes in the two ends of the first protection cover and the through holes in the two ends of the second protection cover one by one; the bolt penetrates through holes at two ends of the first protective cover and the second protective cover and then is connected with the connecting threaded holes in the blind ends of the first protective cylinder and the second protective cylinder; first travel switch and second travel switch all install in first protective cover, the wiring hole is seted up and is covered in first protective cover. The bolt is used as a connecting and stress structure in the structure, so that the structure is more stable and reliable.

As a further technical scheme of the above scheme, the connecting ring comprises a pull ring and a connecting column, and the connecting column is provided with threads; the closed end of the second protection barrel is provided with a threaded hole for connecting the connecting column. The spliced pole passes through the convenient connection of blind end detachably of screw thread and second protection section of thick bamboo, also can adjust the pretension degree of pulling up anchor rope or supporting rope through the spliced pole.

As a further technical scheme of the above scheme, the connecting column extends inwards after penetrating through the closed end of the second protective cylinder; still include anticollision spring, anticollision spring assembles on the extension of spliced pole. This anticollision spring can be when having big rockfall to take place, and first buffer spring and second buffer spring collapse the back promptly, can play the guard action to the striking of the connecting rod in second switch sensor and the first switch sensor, avoid the connecting rod to bump into a second protection section of thick bamboo, also can prevent simultaneously that the connecting rod itself from producing the deformation because of the striking.

As a further technical scheme of the above scheme, a through hole for a connecting rod and a pre-tightening spring to pass through is formed in the closed end of the first protection cylinder, and external threads are formed on the outer surface of the closed end of the first protection cylinder; the protective sleeve further comprises an end cover, a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through is formed in the end cover, and an internal thread matched with the external thread on the outer surface of the closed end of the first protective sleeve is formed in the inner surface of the end cover. The end cover can limit the pre-tightening spring, is convenient for maintenance and replacement of the pre-tightening spring and the connecting rod, and is a structure set for convenience in overhaul and assembly.

As a further technical scheme of the above scheme, the early warning device includes an alarm device, the alarm device is electrically connected to the first travel switch and the second travel switch and can send out corresponding alarms according to the three conditions, and the alarm device is a sound alarm device or a light alarm device. For example, a reminder may be issued by buzzing at intervals or flashing at intervals corresponding to the first preset danger alarm; for the second preset hazard alarm, a reminder may be issued by a continuous buzzing or long lighting.

As a further technical solution of the above scheme, the early warning device further includes a communication device, and the communication device is electrically connected to the first travel switch and the second travel switch and can send corresponding warning signals according to the three conditions. The communication device can send corresponding alarm signals to a remote monitoring center after receiving the respective states of the first travel switch and the second travel switch, so that the joint control performance of the invention is greatly improved.

As a further technical scheme of the scheme, the support device further comprises a nylon net, and the nylon net is connected to the support ropes between the adjacent support columns. The nylon net can effectively intercept falling rocks of which the diameters are smaller than the distance between the two adjacent supporting ropes, and meanwhile, the impact condition of the falling rocks can be effectively transmitted to the corresponding supporting ropes, so that the second switch sensor and the first switch sensor are triggered.

As a further technical scheme of the above scheme, the base comprises a base bottom plate connected with a concrete foundation and two base side plates which are fixed on the base bottom plate and are vertically arranged oppositely; the bottom of the supporting column is positioned between the two base side plates, and a through hole is formed in the bottom of the supporting column; connecting holes, positioning holes and limiting holes are formed in the two base side plates; the connecting hole, the positioning hole and the limiting hole are arranged in a triangular shape, the connecting hole is positioned relatively below, the positioning hole and the limiting hole are positioned relatively above, and the limiting hole is arranged close to the pull-up anchor rope; the distance between the positioning hole and the limiting hole is slightly larger than the width of the supporting column in the direction vertical to the connecting line of the two base side plates; the hinge joint of support column is realized after the connecting pin passes through the through-hole of support column bottom and the connecting hole of two base curb plates, and the support column can only rotate in the direction of vertical bracing rope along the connecting pin under the limiting displacement of two base curb plates. The spacing of support column is realized after the spacer pin passes the spacing hole of two base curb plates, and the spacer pin can prevent the support column toward the excessive slope of rock fall direction when the anchor rope pretension of last pulling, ensures that support column and side slope set up perpendicularly. The expansion limiting holes are further formed in the two base side plates near the limiting holes, and the expansion limiting holes enable the connecting positions of the limiting pins to be adjustable, so that the supporting columns and the side slopes are arranged in acute angles or obtuse angles. The positioning pin passes through the positioning holes of the two base side plates to realize the mounting and positioning of the supporting column, and the positioning pin and the positioning holes are mainly used for limiting and supporting the supporting column during mounting, so that the supporting column is prevented from toppling over in the mounting process, the state of the supporting column is locked, and the anchor rope and the supporting rope are conveniently pulled upwards to be pre-tightened.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention, and fig. 1 shows a nylon net at only one position, and in practice, the nylon net may cover the whole support rope or may be arranged only in a rockfall dense area.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure between a support post and a base according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows an external configuration diagram of a second switch sensor/first switch sensor of one configuration.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a split structure of the structure shown in fig. 3, and fig. 4 mainly shows an internal configuration of the second switch sensor/first switch sensor.

Fig. 5 shows an external configuration diagram of a second switch sensor/first switch sensor of another configuration.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a split structure of the structure shown in fig. 5, and fig. 6 mainly shows an internal configuration of the second switch sensor/first switch sensor.

The explanation of each reference number in the figure is: the device comprises a fixed seat 11, a communication device 12, an alarm device 13, an antenna 14, a second switch sensor 21, a second buffer spring 22, an upward-pulling anchor rope 23, a first switch sensor 31, a first buffer spring 32, a supporting rope 33, a nylon net 41, a supporting column 42, a base side plate 43, a base bottom plate 44, a limiting pin 45, a connecting pin 46, a positioning pin 47, an expansion limiting hole 48, a connecting rod 101, a first protection barrel 102, a first protection cover 103, a wiring hole 104, a connecting threaded hole 105, a second protection barrel 106, a connecting ring 107, a second protection cover 108, a pre-tightening spring 109, a mounting plate 110, a first travel switch 111, a second travel switch 112, an anti-collision spring 113 and an end cover 114.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention will be provided in order to further understand the concept of the present invention, the technical problems to be solved, the technical features constituting the technical solutions, and the technical effects brought by the technical solutions. However, the description of the embodiments is illustrative and not intended to limit the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the double-switch rockfall early warning device of the present invention includes a plurality of support columns 42 vertically arranged side by side, and a base connected to a concrete foundation is hinged to the bottom of each support column 42. The upper part of the supporting column 42 is connected with an anchor rod fixed in the side slope through an upper anchor rope 23, the anchor rod is positioned at the rockfall generation side of the supporting column 42, and the upper anchor rope 23 is provided with a second switch sensor 21 and a second buffer spring 22. Each support column 42 is correspondingly connected with two pull-up anchor ropes 23, and one left and one right are respectively positioned at two sides of the support column 42.

The support device further comprises a support rope 33, the support rope 33 sequentially penetrates through a plurality of support columns 42, and a plurality of support ropes 33 are sequentially arranged on the support columns 42 side by side from top to bottom. Two fixing bases 11 connected with the concrete foundation are respectively arranged on extension lines on two sides of the support column 42 arranged side by side, and two end parts of the support rope 33 are respectively connected to the two fixing bases 11. The first switch sensor 31 and the first buffer spring 32 are arranged on the supporting rope 33 between the fixed seat 11 and the nearest adjacent supporting column 42.

The second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 are important structures in the present invention, and are newly designed sensors for realizing reliable early warning. The second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 have the same structure, and each include a connecting rod 101, a first protective cylinder 102, a second protective cylinder 106, a protective cover, a connecting ring 107, a pre-tightening spring 109, a first travel switch 111, and a second travel switch 112.

The first protection cylinder 102 and the second protection cylinder 106 are coaxially arranged, and the first protection cylinder 102 and the second protection cylinder 106 are detachably connected together through a cylindrical protection cover. The first protection barrel 102 and the second protection barrel 106 are provided with through holes along the axial direction for the connecting rod 101 to pass through; the adjacent ends of the first protection cylinder 102 and the second protection cylinder 106 are not closed, the end of the first protection cylinder 102 far away from the second protection cylinder 106 is a closed end, and a through hole for the connecting rod 101 to pass through is formed in the closed end; the end of the second protective cylinder 106 far away from the first protective cylinder 102 is a closed end, and the connecting ring 107 is connected to the closed end of the second protective cylinder 106, and the connecting ring 107 is used for connecting the upper pull anchor line 23 or the support line 33.

The first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112 are mounted on the mounting plate 110 in the protective cover side by side along the axis of the protective cover, the mounting plate 110 is connected with the protective cover through a screw, the first travel switch 111 is arranged close to the first protective barrel 102, the protective cover is provided with a wiring hole 104, and the wiring hole 104 is a wiring hole of the first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112. One end of the connecting rod 101 is a rod body extending out of the closed end of the first protection cylinder 102, the rod body is used for connecting the upper pull anchor rope 23 or the supporting rope 33, the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a bulge part with the diameter larger than that of the rod body, and the pre-tightening spring 109 is sleeved on the rod body between the bulge part and the closed end of the first protection cylinder 102.

The early warning device is electrically connected with the first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112.

The installation process and the working principle of the invention are as follows:

the present invention is installed on a slope where rock fall may occur, a concrete foundation is cast on the slope as a connection foundation of the base and the fixing base 11, then a pull anchor rod is fixed on the rock fall occurrence side, the support pillar 42 is hinged to the base, and the upper pull anchor rope 23 is connected between the support pillar 42 and the pull anchor rod. The supporting column 42 is generally arranged perpendicular to the side slope, and can be arranged at an acute angle or an obtuse angle, and the specific arrangement condition can be adjusted according to the specific environment. The upper pulling anchor rope 23 is of a three-section structure, one end of the first section is connected with the anchor pulling anchor rod, the other end of the first section is connected with one end of the second section through the second switch sensor 21, the other end of the second section is connected with one end of the third section through the second buffer spring 22, and the other end of the third section is connected with the top of the supporting column 42. The lengths of the three sections of pull-up anchor ropes 23 can be directly cut off according to the designed pre-tightening value and directly connected after being transported in place. In order to enhance the adaptability of the device, a section of upper pull anchor rope 23 can be added as a fourth section, the other end of the third section is connected with one end of the fourth section through a blue-flower screw, the other end of the fourth section is connected with the top of the support column 42, the blue-flower screw is used for realizing the pre-tightening of the upper pull anchor rope 23, the pre-tightening force of the upper pull anchor rope 23 can be conveniently and accurately adjusted, but the manufacturing cost of the device can be increased. The supporting rope 33 sequentially horizontally penetrates through the preset through holes in the same height of the supporting columns 42 and then is connected with the fixed seat 11, the first switch sensor 31 and the first buffer spring 32 are connected to the supporting rope 33 between the supporting columns 42 and the fixed seat 11 in the same connection mode as the second switch sensor 21 and the second buffer spring 22 are connected to the pull-up anchor rope 23, and a turnbuckle screw can be connected to the supporting rope 33 to accurately adjust the pretightening force of the supporting rope 33. Finally, the early warning device is installed on the fixed seat 11 or other suitable positions.

After the installation of the invention is finished, pretightening force needs to be applied to the upper pull anchor rope 23 and the supporting rope 33, so that the second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 on the upper pull anchor rope 23 and the supporting rope 33 are in an initial state, the initial state is that the convex part of the connecting rod 101 is simultaneously contacted with the first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112, and at the moment, the early warning device can not give out an alarm or give out a safety alarm. At this time, the second buffer spring 22 and the first buffer spring 32 of the anchor rope 23 and the support rope 33 are in a stretched state, and the preload tension load of the second buffer spring 22 and the first buffer spring 32 is 10KG, which can prevent the second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 from being erroneously touched by a slight change of the entire apparatus due to wind or rain. The pre-tensioned spring 109 is in a compressed state.

If small falling rocks occur, after the small falling rocks impact the supporting ropes 33 and/or the supporting columns 42, the supporting columns 42 incline to a small extent in a direction away from the falling rocks occurrence side due to the buffering effect of the first buffer springs 32 and the second buffer springs 22 and block the small falling rocks, and the small falling rocks cannot roll down. At this time, the second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 will be elongated, the pre-tightening spring 109 will be further compressed, that is, the protrusion of the connecting rod 101 will only touch the first travel switch 111 and will not touch the second travel switch 112, and at this time, the pre-warning device will issue a first pre-set danger alarm.

If large falling rocks occur, after the large falling rocks impact the supporting rope 33 and/or the supporting column 42, because the first buffer spring 32 and the second buffer spring 22 cannot bear the large impact and are broken directly, the supporting column 42 can be completely inclined towards the direction far away from the falling rocks generating side, the large falling rocks continue to fall down to the roller after being delayed by the invention, the trend of the roller can be delayed, and the impact destructive force after rolling is reduced. At this time, the second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 may be shortened due to the absence of the pre-tightening tension, the pre-tightening spring 109 may rebound and extend, that is, the protrusion of the connecting rod 101 may only touch the second travel switch 112 and may not touch the first travel switch 111, and at this time, the pre-warning device may send out the second pre-set danger alarm.

The early warning device used by the invention comprises a warning device 13, wherein the warning device 13 is a sound warning device or a light warning device, and can realize sound warning or light warning to remind pedestrians or vehicles along the way. For example, a reminder may be issued by buzzing at intervals or flashing at intervals corresponding to the first preset danger alarm; for the second preset hazard alarm, a reminder may be issued by a continuous buzzing or long lighting.

The invention can also be additionally provided with a communication device 12, the communication device 12 is provided with an antenna 14, the communication device 12 can send out a corresponding alarm signal to a remote monitoring center after receiving the respective states of the first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112, and the joint control performance of the invention is greatly improved.

The invention can be directly connected to the local power grid to realize power supply, and can also be additionally provided with a battery or a solar photovoltaic cell panel to realize power supply.

External threads are arranged on the outer surfaces of the unsealed ends of the first protective barrel 102 and the second protective barrel 106; and inner threads matched with the outer threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the two ends of the protective cover. The cylindrical protective cover is connected with the first protective cylinder 102 and the second protective cylinder 106 through threads, so that connection is convenient and fast, but stress of the cylindrical protective cover completely depends on the threads, and the requirement on the processing quality of the threads is high.

The protective cover can also be designed as: the protective covers include a first protective cover 103 and a second protective cover 108. First protective cover 103 and second protective cover 108 are the semi-cylindrical, and the through-hole has all been seted up at the both ends of first protective cover 103 and second protective cover 108. The through holes corresponding to the two ends of the first protective cover 103 and the second protective cover 108 on the unsealed end of the first protective sleeve 102 and the second protective sleeve 106 are provided with connecting threaded holes 105 one by one, and the bolts pass through the through holes at the two ends of the first protective cover 103 and the second protective cover 108 and then are connected with the connecting threaded holes 105 on the unsealed end of the first protective sleeve 102 and the second protective sleeve 106. The first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112 are both mounted in the first protection cover 103, and the wiring hole 104 is opened on the first protection cover 103. The structure uses the bolt as a connecting and stress structure, is more stable and reliable than threaded connection, but is more troublesome to process and assemble.

The connecting ring 107 comprises a pull ring and a connecting column, and the connecting column is provided with threads; the closed end of the second protection cylinder 106 is provided with a threaded hole for connecting a connecting column. The pull ring is used for connecting the upper pull anchor rope 23 or the support rope 33, the connecting column is detachably and conveniently connected with the closed end of the second protective barrel 106 through threads, and the pre-tensioning degree of the upper pull anchor rope 23 or the support rope 33 can be adjusted through the connecting column, so that a colored blue screw is omitted.

The connecting column extends inwards after penetrating through the closed end of the second protective cylinder 106; and the anti-collision spring 113 is further included, and the anti-collision spring 113 is assembled on the extension part of the connecting column. This anticollision spring 113 can be when there is big falling rocks to take place, and the back is burst to first buffer spring 32 and second buffer spring 22 promptly, can play the guard action to the striking of the connecting rod 101 in second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31, avoids connecting rod 101 to bump into second protection section of thick bamboo 106, also can prevent simultaneously that connecting rod 101 itself from producing the deformation because of the striking.

The first protection cylinder 102 has another structure, that is, the closed end of the first protection cylinder 102 is provided with a through hole for the connecting rod 101 and the pre-tightening spring 109 to pass through, and the outer surface of the closed end of the first protection cylinder 102 is provided with an external thread; the connecting rod device further comprises an end cover 114, a through hole for the connecting rod 101 to pass through is formed in the end cover 114, and internal threads matched with the external threads on the outer surface of the closed end of the first protection cylinder 102 are further arranged on the inner surface of the end cover 114. The end cover 114 can limit the pre-tightening spring 109, facilitate maintenance and replacement of the pre-tightening spring 109 and the connecting rod 101, and is a structure set for convenience in maintenance and assembly.

To further enhance the interception effect of the present invention, the present invention further comprises a nylon net 41, wherein the nylon net 41 is connected to the supporting ropes 33 between the adjacent supporting columns 42. The nylon net 41 can effectively intercept falling rocks with diameters smaller than the distance between the two adjacent supporting ropes 33, and meanwhile, impact conditions of the falling rocks can be effectively transmitted to the corresponding supporting ropes 33, so that the second switch sensor 21 and the first switch sensor 31 are triggered.

To ensure that the support column 42 can be tilted smoothly in a given direction, the base comprises a base bottom plate 44 connected to the concrete foundation and two opposite vertically arranged base side plates 43 fixed to the base bottom plate 44. The bottom of the supporting column 42 is located between the two base side plates 43, and the bottom of the supporting column 42 is provided with a through hole. The two base side plates 43 are respectively provided with a connecting hole, a positioning hole and a limiting hole; the connecting hole, the positioning hole and the limiting hole are arranged in a triangular shape, the connecting hole is positioned relatively below, the positioning hole and the limiting hole are positioned relatively above, and the limiting hole is arranged close to the upper pull anchor rope 23; the distance between the positioning hole and the limiting hole is slightly larger than the width of the supporting column 42 in the direction perpendicular to the connecting line of the two base side plates 43.

The connecting pin 46 passes through the through hole at the bottom of the supporting column 42 and the connecting holes of the two base side plates 43 to realize the hinge joint of the supporting column 42, and the supporting column 42 can only rotate along the connecting pin 46 in the direction of the vertical supporting rope 33 under the limiting action of the two base side plates 43.

Spacing of support column 42 is realized after spacing round pin 45 passes the spacing hole of two base curb plates 43, and spacing round pin 45 can prevent support column 42 toward the excessive slope of rock fall direction when upward pulling anchor rope 23 pretension, ensures that support column 42 sets up with the side slope is perpendicular. An expanded limit hole 48 is further provided near the limit holes on the two base side plates 43, and the expanded limit hole 48 enables the connection position of the limit pin 45 to be adjusted so that the support column 42 and the side slope are arranged at an acute angle or an obtuse angle.

The positioning pin 47 penetrates through the positioning holes of the two base side plates 43 to realize the mounting and positioning of the supporting column 42, and the positioning pin 47 and the positioning holes are mainly used for limiting and supporting the supporting column 42 during mounting, so that the supporting column 42 is prevented from toppling over during mounting, the state of the supporting column 42 is locked, and the anchor rope 23 and the supporting rope 33 are conveniently pulled upwards to be pre-tightened.

The first travel switch 111 and the second travel switch 112 used in the invention are all micro switches of Omron/ohm dragon brand model SS-01GL13, and the micro switches are stable and reliable in structure and performance, reasonable in size, low in price and well applicable to the invention.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a two switches rock fall early warning device which characterized in that: the concrete foundation support structure comprises a plurality of support columns (42) which are vertically arranged side by side, wherein the bottom of each support column (42) is hinged with a base connected with a concrete foundation; the upper part of the supporting column (42) is connected with a pull anchor rod fixed in the side slope through an upper pull anchor rope (23), the pull anchor rod is positioned on the rockfall generation side of the supporting column (42), and a second switch sensor (21) and a second buffer spring (22) are arranged on the upper pull anchor rope (23); the support device is characterized by further comprising a support rope (33), wherein the support rope (33) sequentially penetrates through a plurality of support columns (42), and a plurality of support ropes (33) are sequentially arranged on the support columns (42) side by side from top to bottom; two fixing seats (11) connected with a concrete foundation are respectively arranged on extension lines on two sides of a support pillar (42) arranged side by side, and two end parts of a support rope (33) are respectively connected to the two fixing seats (11); a first switch sensor (31) and a first buffer spring (32) are arranged on a supporting rope (33) between the fixed seat (11) and the adjacent supporting column (42);

the second switch sensor (21) and the first switch sensor (31) are the same in structure and respectively comprise a connecting rod (101), a first protective barrel (102), a second protective barrel (106), a protective cover, a connecting ring (107), a pre-tightening spring (109), a first travel switch (111) and a second travel switch (112); the first protection cylinder (102) and the second protection cylinder (106) are coaxially arranged, and the first protection cylinder (102) and the second protection cylinder (106) are detachably connected together through a cylindrical protection cover; the first protection barrel (102) and the second protection barrel (106) are provided with through holes for the connecting rod (101) to pass through along the axial direction; the adjacent close ends of the first protection cylinder (102) and the second protection cylinder (106) are not closed, one end of the first protection cylinder (102) far away from the second protection cylinder (106) is a closed end, and a through hole for the connecting rod (101) to pass through is formed in the closed end; one end of the second protection cylinder (106) far away from the first protection cylinder (102) is a closed end, and the connecting ring (107) is connected to the closed end of the second protection cylinder (106); the first travel switch (111) and the second travel switch (112) are arranged in the protective cover side by side along the axis of the protective cover, the first travel switch (111) is arranged close to the first protective barrel (102), and the protective cover is provided with a wiring hole (104); one end of the connecting rod (101) is a rod body extending out of the closed end of the first protective cylinder (102), the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a protruding part with the diameter larger than that of the rod body, and the pre-tightening spring (109) is sleeved on the rod body between the protruding part and the closed end of the first protective cylinder (102); the convex part is in relative sliding contact with the first travel switch (111) and the second travel switch (112) under the action of a pre-tightening spring (109), and the contact state is divided into three conditions:

in the first case, the convex part is simultaneously contacted with a first travel switch (111) and a second travel switch (112);

in the second case, the convex part is only contacted with the first travel switch (111) and is not contacted with the second travel switch (112);

the third situation is that the convex part only touches the second travel switch (112) but does not touch the first travel switch (111);

the early warning device is electrically connected with the first travel switch (111) and the second travel switch (112) and can send out corresponding alarms according to the three conditions.

2. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: external threads are arranged on the outer surfaces of the unsealed ends of the first protective barrel (102) and the second protective barrel (106); and inner threads matched with the outer threads are arranged on the inner surfaces of the two ends of the protective cover.

3. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: the protective covers comprise a first protective cover (103) and a second protective cover (108); the first protective cover (103) and the second protective cover (108) are both in a semi-cylindrical shape, and through holes are formed in the two ends of the first protective cover (103) and the second protective cover (108); connecting threaded holes (105) are formed in the unclosed ends of the first protection cylinder (102) and the second protection cylinder (106) one by one corresponding to the through holes in the two ends of the first protection cover (103) and the second protection cover (108); the bolt penetrates through holes at two ends of the first protective cover (103) and the second protective cover (108) and then is connected with a connecting threaded hole (105) on the non-closed ends of the first protective cylinder (102) and the second protective cylinder (106); first travel switch (111) and second travel switch (112) all install in first protecting cover (103), wiring hole (104) are seted up on first protecting cover (103).

4. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: the connecting ring (107) comprises a pull ring and a connecting column, and the connecting column is provided with threads; the closed end of the second protective barrel (106) is provided with a threaded hole for connecting a connecting column.

5. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 4, wherein: the connecting column extends inwards after penetrating through the closed end of the second protective barrel (106); the anti-collision device further comprises an anti-collision spring (113), and the anti-collision spring (113) is assembled on the extension part of the connecting column.

6. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: the closed end of the first protection cylinder (102) is provided with a through hole for a connecting rod (101) and a pre-tightening spring (109) to pass through, and the outer surface of the closed end of the first protection cylinder (102) is provided with an external thread; the protective sleeve is characterized by further comprising an end cover (114), a through hole for the connecting rod (101) to pass through is formed in the end cover (114), and internal threads matched with the external threads on the outer surface of the closed end of the first protective sleeve (102) are formed in the inner surface of the end cover (114).

7. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: the early warning device comprises a warning device (13), the warning device (13) is electrically connected with the first travel switch (111) and the second travel switch (112) and can give out corresponding warnings according to the three conditions, and the warning device (13) is a sound warning device or a light warning device.

8. A dual-switch rock fall warning device as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the early warning device also comprises a communication device (12), wherein the communication device (12) is electrically connected with the first travel switch (111) and the second travel switch (112) and can send corresponding warning signals according to the three conditions.

9. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a nylon net (41), wherein the nylon net (41) is connected to the supporting ropes (33) between the adjacent supporting columns (42).

10. The dual-switch rock fall warning device of claim 1, wherein: the base comprises a base bottom plate (44) connected with a concrete foundation and two base side plates (43) which are vertically arranged oppositely and fixed on the base bottom plate (44); the bottom of the supporting column (42) is positioned between the two base side plates (43), and the bottom of the supporting column (42) is provided with a through hole; the two base side plates (43) are respectively provided with a connecting hole, a positioning hole and a limiting hole; the connecting hole, the positioning hole and the limiting hole are arranged in a triangular shape, the connecting hole is positioned relatively below, the positioning hole and the limiting hole are positioned relatively above, and the limiting hole is arranged close to the upper pull anchor rope (23); the distance between the positioning hole and the limiting hole is slightly larger than the width of the supporting column (42) in the direction vertical to the connecting line of the two base side plates (43); the connecting pin (46) passes through the through hole at the bottom of the supporting column (42) and the connecting holes of the two base side plates (43) to realize the hinging of the supporting column (42); the limiting pin (45) passes through the limiting holes of the two base side plates (43) to limit the supporting column (42); the positioning pin (47) passes through the positioning holes of the two base side plates (43) to realize the mounting and positioning of the supporting column (42).

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