CN111749118A - 预应力sma增强薄壁uhpc工字梁及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁及制备方法，工字梁，包括若干并排连接的本体，本体包括上翼缘、下翼缘和连接两者的腹板，腹板内设置SMA丝杆，SMA丝杆上下两端分别连接硬质绝缘塑料细条，硬质绝缘塑料细条分别位于上翼缘、下翼缘内。本发明工字梁可以显著提升腹板的抗剪性能，提升构件刚度，提高在腐蚀性环境下替代普通型钢的竞争力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及房屋和桥梁结构及制备方法，特别涉及预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁及制备方法。
背景技术
超高性能混凝土，简称UHPC(Ultra-high performance concrete，UHPC)，也称作活性粉末混凝土(RPC，Reactive Powder Concrete)，是过去几十年中最具创新性的水泥基工程材料，实现工程材料性能的大跨越。基于最大堆积密度理论配置的UHPC，一般不使用粗骨料，为了增强其抗拉性能，一般配置钢纤维或者复合有机纤维，水泥用量较大，水胶比很低。适当配筋的UHPC力学性能接近钢结构，同时UHPC具有优良的耐磨、抗爆性能。因此，UHPC特别适合用于大跨径桥梁、抗爆结构和薄壁结构。适当配筋的工字型薄壁梁式UHPC构件可在高腐蚀型环境下替代普通型钢使用。由于腹板壁厚相对较薄，传统箍筋配置困难，导致薄壁腹板在重载下的易出现剪切破坏。腹板抗剪性能的提升是其应用中需要重点关注的关键问题。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明目的是提供预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁。
本发明另一目的是提供所述预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁的制备方法。
技术方案：本发明提供的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，包括若干并排连接的本体，本体包括上翼缘、下翼缘和连接两者的腹板，腹板内设置SMA丝杆，SMA丝杆上下两端分别连接硬质绝缘塑料细条，硬质绝缘塑料细条分别位于上翼缘、下翼缘内。
进一步地，所述本体之间通过上翼缘、下翼缘连接。
进一步地，所述硬质绝缘塑料细条打孔，SMA丝杆的上下两端车有螺纹并配设螺帽，SMA丝杆穿孔并拧紧螺帽固定。
进一步地，所述SMA丝杆常温下为马氏体，经过预拉伸至2％应变后放张。
进一步地，所述SMA丝杆的奥氏体相变开始温度(As)大于环境最大温度、马氏体相变开始温度(Ms)小于环境最低温度。
进一步地，所述下翼缘区域内配置高强钢丝。
所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：对SMA丝杆进行预拉伸至2％的应变后放张；
S2：在SMA丝杆两端车螺纹；
S3：根据SMA丝杆在腹板内的布置间距要求，对硬质绝缘塑料细条进行打孔；
S4：将SMA丝杆依次穿过上下两条硬质绝缘塑料细条上对应的孔洞，并用螺帽进行固定，组装成一个栏杆状网片；
S5：制作浇筑工字梁的模板，并将上述S4中制备好的栏杆状网片布置在模板中的腹板位置，在工字梁下翼缘区域内配置高强钢丝；
S6：浇筑工字梁，完成浇筑后，采用蒸汽养护，7天后拆除模板，放入水中继续养护至28天龄期；
S7：取出S6中养护好的工字梁，将腹板内的SMA丝杆用导线串联的方式连接起来，外加电源，给内嵌在腹板内的SMA丝杆通电升温，监测SMA丝杆达到指定相变温度后，停止通电，完成预应力的生成。
SMA丝杆具有形状记忆效应，常温下对其进行预拉伸并放张后，其中存在一定的残余变形。无约束状态下对预拉伸后的SMA丝杆进行升温处理后，SMA丝杆的残余变形将得到恢复。若此时SMA丝杆的变形收到约束，将会对外界约束产生压力作用。本发明中的SMA丝杆内嵌在硬化后的UHPC腹板内，其残余变形的恢复受到UHPC腹板的限制。因此，经过升温相变后，SMA丝杆将对UHPC腹板产生竖向的压应力。该竖向压应力的存在将提升薄壁UHPC腹板的抗剪性能、避免出现腹板的剪切破坏。
有益效果：本发明首次提出通过SMA丝杆的相变回复，在薄壁工字型UHPC的腹板中引入预压应力的技术手段，从而限制薄壁腹板斜裂缝的过早出现、提升工字型UHPC梁的刚度和耐久性能。本发明的预应力产生机理为SMA丝杆的形状记忆效应，所产生的预应力沿着工字型截面的高度均匀分布。本发明可以有效提升工字型UHPC梁的腹板的抗剪能力，延缓腹剪裂缝的出现，提升构件刚度。
附图说明
图1为UHPC工字梁腹板内SMA丝杆网片侧视图；
图2为UHPC工字梁腹板内SMA丝杆网片俯视图；
图3为SMA丝杆单元组成示意图；
图4为UHPC工字梁剖面图；
图5为通电激发SMA丝杆产生预应力过程示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1-5所示，本实施例的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，包括并排连接的本体，本体包括上翼缘4、下翼缘6和连接两者的腹板5，腹板5内设置SMA丝杆1，SMA丝杆1上下两端分别连接硬质绝缘塑料细条3，硬质绝缘塑料细条3分别位于上翼缘4、下翼缘6内。本体之间通过上翼缘4、下翼缘6连接。硬质绝缘塑料细条3打孔，SMA丝杆1的上下两端车有螺纹并配设螺帽2，SMA丝杆1穿孔并拧紧螺帽2固定。SMA丝杆1常温下为马氏体，经过预拉伸至2％应变后放张。SMA丝杆1的奥氏体相变开始温度(As)大于环境最大温度、马氏体相变开始温度(Ms)小于环境最低温度。下翼缘6区域内配置高强钢丝7。
制作方法如下：
S1：对SMA丝杆1进行预拉伸至2％的应变后放张；
S2：在SMA丝杆1两端车螺纹；
S3：根据SMA丝杆在腹板5内的布置间距要求，对硬质绝缘塑料细条3进行打孔处理；
S4：将SMA丝杆1依次穿过上下两条硬质绝缘塑料细条3上对应的孔洞，并用螺帽2进行固定，组装成一个栏杆状网片。
S5：制作浇筑UHPC的模板，并将上述S5中制备好的栏杆状网片布置在模板中的腹板5对应的位置，在工字梁受拉翼缘6区域内纵向配置高强钢丝7；
S6：搅拌制备UHPC并浇筑，完成浇筑后，采用蒸汽养护。7天后拆除模板，放入水中继续养护至28天龄期；
S7：将腹板5内的SMA丝杆1用导线8串联的方式连接起来，外加电源9，给内嵌在UHPC腹板5内的SMA丝杆1通电升温。监测SMA丝杆1达到指定相变温度后，停止通电，SMA丝杆1将发生相变回缩，由于UHPC的限制作用，将在UHPC腹板5产生竖向的压应力，从而提升薄壁腹板的抗剪性能、避免出现腹板的剪切破坏。
Claims (7)
1.一种预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，其特征在于：包括若干并排连接的本体，本体包括上翼缘(4)、下翼缘(6)和连接两者的腹板(5)，腹板(5)内设置SMA丝杆(1)，SMA丝杆(1)上下两端分别连接硬质绝缘塑料细条(3)，硬质绝缘塑料细条(3)分别位于上翼缘(4)、下翼缘(6)内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，其特征在于：所述本体之间通过上翼缘(4)、下翼缘(6)连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，其特征在于：所述硬质绝缘塑料细条(3)打孔，SMA丝杆(1)的上下两端车有螺纹并配设螺帽(2)，SMA丝杆(1)穿孔并拧紧螺帽(2)固定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，其特征在于：所述SMA丝杆(1)常温下为马氏体，经过预拉伸至2％应变后放张。
5.根据权利要求1所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，其特征在于：所述SMA丝杆(1)的奥氏体相变开始温度(As)大于环境最大温度、马氏体相变开始温度(Ms)小于环境最低温度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁，其特征在于：所述下翼缘(6)区域内配置高强钢丝(7)。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述的预应力SMA增强薄壁UHPC工字梁的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1：对SMA丝杆(1)进行预拉伸至2％的应变后放张；
S2：在SMA丝杆(1)两端车螺纹；
S3：根据SMA丝杆(1)在腹板(5)内的布置间距要求，对硬质绝缘塑料细条(3)进行打孔；
S4：将SMA丝杆(1)依次穿过上下两条硬质绝缘塑料细条(3)上对应的孔洞，并用螺帽(2)进行固定，组装成一个栏杆状网片；
S5：制作浇筑工字梁的模板，并将上述S4中制备好的栏杆状网片布置在模板中的腹板位置，在工字梁下翼缘(6)区域内配置高强钢丝(7)；
S6：浇筑工字梁，完成浇筑后，采用蒸汽养护，7天后拆除模板，放入水中继续养护至28天龄期；
S7：取出S6中养护好的工字梁，将腹板(5)内的SMA丝杆(1)用导线(8)串联的方式连接起来，外加电源(9)，给内嵌在腹板(5)内的SMA丝杆(1)通电升温，监测SMA丝杆(1)达到指定相变温度后，停止通电，完成预应力的生成。
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