CN111747407B - Preparation method of corn starch activated carbon - Google Patents
Preparation method of corn starch activated carbon Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of corn starch activated carbon, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding corn starch into a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, and drying a solid part to obtain alkali-activated starch; (2) and (3) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch to obtain the corn starch activated carbon. The method can prepare the active carbon without high-temperature treatment, and solves the problems of decomposition of organic biomass and generation of harmful tail gas caused by the traditional high-temperature treatment; starch carbonization and active carbon surface modification can be synchronously realized, so that the preparation process is simple, and no additional chemical reagent containing sulfydryl and amino is required to be added in the modification process; the activated carbon has high adsorption performance, and can remove 96% of ammonia nitrogen, 99% of COD, 98% of total phosphorus and 99% of lead in the landfill leachate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of activated carbon, in particular to a preparation method of corn starch activated carbon.
Background
The active carbon is a common adsorption material, has a developed pore structure, has strong adsorbability to organic or inorganic pollutants in waste liquid, and the adsorption performance of the active carbon depends on a plurality of factors including selection of precursors, surface modification, action environment and the like. With the increasingly prominent energy problem and environmental problem, the activated carbon production industry actively seeks for development and innovation in the selection of precursor materials and preparation processes.
With the increasingly prominent problems of exhaustion of traditional fossil energy and environmental deterioration, various carbon materials meeting the production requirements of people are prepared by utilizing environment-friendly biomass, so that the production cost can be reduced, the sustainable development is realized, and the economic development of emerging industries can be driven. Unlike traditional fossil energy sources such as coal, petroleum and the like, biomass resources as basic materials have the outstanding advantages of wide sources, rich resources, short growth period, good degradability of prepared high-added-value products and the like. Therefore, in recent years, research on the preparation of carbon materials by using biomass as a raw material has attracted great interest, and the field of biomass carbon materials has been greatly developed. Meanwhile, due to the structural characteristics of the biomass and the high carbon element content, the remainder of the biomass after physical and chemical treatment or enzymatic hydrolysis contains a large amount of lignin, and a rich microporous structure is easily formed after high-temperature activation, so that the biomass is one of the most promising raw materials in the field of charcoal preparation. The biomass resource is favored by the field of activated carbon preparation because of the characteristics of abundant resources, renewability, environmental protection, high added value and the like,
at present, according to different manufacturing processes, the preparation method of the activated carbon is divided into a chemical method and a physical method, and both the chemical method and the physical method need to prepare the activated carbon at high temperature (400-1000 ℃) and are accompanied with the decomposition of organic biomass and the generation of harmful tail gas. In addition, in order to further improve the adsorption performance of activated carbon, it is necessary to modify the surface of activated carbon. The surface modification of the activated carbon is usually to mix the activated carbon to be modified with a chemical reagent and an auxiliary reagent having specific functional groups and load the mixture in a hydrothermal environment, so that the whole modification process consumes a large amount of chemical reagents and is easy to cause environmental pollution; meanwhile, the preparation and modification processes of the activated carbon are separated, so that the preparation process of the finished activated carbon product becomes complicated, and the preparation period is obviously prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides the preparation method of the corn starch activated carbon, which can prepare the activated carbon without high-temperature treatment, can synchronously realize starch carbonization and activated carbon surface modification, has simple preparation process and short preparation period, does not need to consume a large amount of chemical reagents in the preparation process, and does not cause environmental pollution.
The technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the corn starch activated carbon comprises the following steps:
(1) adding corn starch into a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, uniformly stirring, standing to obtain starch slurry, centrifugally separating the starch slurry, and drying a solid part to obtain alkali-activated starch;
(2) and (3) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch to obtain the corn starch activated carbon.
Wherein, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the step (1) is 0.5-1.75 mol/L, and more preferably 0.5-1.5 mol/L; the solid-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 2-12: 100, the standing time is 0.5-1.5 h, and the solid part is dried at 50-150 ℃.
The action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation in the step (2) is 10-52 kV, and preferably 10-50 kV; the reaction atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide to the ammonia gas to the argon gas is 4-15: 2-4: 100, and the preferable volume ratio is 4-12: 2-4: 100; the action time is 1-3 h.
Sodium hydroxide in the aqueous solution is hydrolyzed into hydroxyl and sodium ions, and the hydroxyl can relieve the hydrogen bond effect on the surface of the starch and strengthen the loading effect of later functional groups or heteroatoms on the surface of the particles. And (3) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-excited starch in the atmosphere of mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, and ionizing and dissociating the hydrogen sulfide gas and the ammonia gas to generate hydrogen radicals, sulfydryl radicals and active amine groups by high-energy electron beams generated at the high-voltage electrode end. With the release of a large amount of heat in the low-temperature plasma irradiation process, the hydrogen radicals can induce the carbonization of starch particles in a local thermal environment. And in the carbonization process, the sulfydryl free radical and the active amine group are loaded on the surface of the starch active carbon particles, so that the sulfydryl modification and amination of the surface of the active carbon particles are realized.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the method can prepare the active carbon without high-temperature treatment, and solves the problems of decomposition of organic biomass and generation of harmful tail gas caused by the traditional high-temperature treatment; (2) the method can synchronously realize starch carbonization and active carbon surface modification, so that the preparation process is simple, and no additional chemical reagent containing sulfydryl and amido is required to be added in the modification process; (3) the activated carbon prepared by the method has high adsorption performance, and can remove 96% of ammonia nitrogen, 99% of COD, 98% of total phosphorus and 99% of lead in the landfill leachate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Sampling and basic property explanation of the domestic garbage leachate: the landfill leachate for the test is taken from a domestic garbage landfill in a constantly mature Shanghai lake town. The COD mass concentration of the urban domestic garbage percolate of the batch is 1267mg/L, the total phosphorus concentration is 189mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 923mg/L, and the lead ion concentration is 0.56 mg/L.
Example 1
Influence of concentration of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution on adsorption performance of prepared corn starch activated carbon
Preparing the corn starch activated carbon: as shown in figure 1, respectively preparing 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.55, 1.65 and 1.75mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 2:100(g: mL), uniformly stirring, standing for 0.5 hour to obtain starch slurry, carrying out centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 50 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (2) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch for 1 hour to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is 10kV, the action atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the argon gas in the mixed gas is 4:2: 100.
Adsorption test: 10g of corn starch activated carbon is put into 1L of domestic garbage percolate, stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 60rmp, centrifuged at the rotating speed of 5000rpm, and subjected to solid-liquid separation. And detecting the concentrations of different pollutants in the separated liquid and calculating the removal rate, wherein the specific detection and calculation are as follows.
COD concentration detection and COD removal rate calculation: the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration of the leachate is measured according to the national standard bichromate method for measuring the chemical oxygen demand of water (GB 11914-. The COD removal rate was calculated according to the formula (1), wherein RCODAs the removal rate of COD, c0And ctThe COD concentration (mg/L) of the domestic garbage percolate before and after treatment is respectively.
And (3) detecting the concentration of total phosphorus and calculating the removal rate of the total phosphorus: the total phosphorus concentration of the leachate is measured according to the standard continuous flow-ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry for measuring phosphate and total phosphorus in water (HJ 670-2013). The total phosphorus removal was calculated according to formula (2), where RTPAs a total phosphorus removal rate, cTP0And cTPtThe total phosphorus concentration (mg/L) of the domestic garbage leachate before and after treatment is respectively.
Detecting the ammonia nitrogen concentration and calculating the ammonia nitrogen removal rate: the concentration of the leachate ammonia nitrogen is measured according to salicylic acid spectrophotometry for measuring water ammonia nitrogen (HJ 536-2009). The ammonia nitrogen removal rate is calculated according to formula (3), wherein RNFor ammonia nitrogen removal, cN0And cNtFor respectively disposing the domestic garbage leachateAmmonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) before and after treatment.
Detecting the concentration of lead ions and calculating the removal rate: the lead ion concentration in the leachate was measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (HJ 776-2015) for determination of 32 elements in water quality. The lead ion removal rate was calculated according to the formula (4) wherein RPbAs lead ion removal rate, cPb0And CPbtThe lead ion concentration (mg/L) before and after the treatment of the domestic garbage leachate is respectively.
The results of removal rates of COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of the concentration of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution on the adsorption Properties of the maize starch activated carbon produced
As can be seen from table 1, when the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is less than 0.5mol/L (as in table 1, when the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 0.45, 0.35, 0.25mol/L and lower values not listed in table 1), the amount of sodium hydroxide is less, the effect of alleviating hydrogen bonding on the starch surface is poor, and the effect of loading functional groups or hetero atoms on the particle surface is poor, so that the removal rates of leachate pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and lead ions are all significantly reduced as the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is reduced. When the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is equal to 0.5-1.5 mol/L (as shown in Table 1, when the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 0.5, 1, 1.5 mol/L), a proper amount of sodium hydroxide is obtained, the hydrogen bonds on the surface of starch can be relieved by the hydroxyl, the loading effect of later-stage functional groups or heteroatoms on the surface of particles is enhanced, the COD removal rate of final leachate pollutants is more than 91%, the total phosphorus removal rate is more than 87%, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 86%, and the lead ion removal rate is more than 92%. When the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is more than 1.5mol/L (as in the table 1, when the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1.55, 1.65 and 1.75mol/L and higher values not listed in the table 1), the removal rate of the leachate pollutant COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions is not obviously changed along with the further increase of the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. In sum, the benefit and the cost are combined, and when the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is equal to 0.5-1.5 mol/L, the adsorption performance of the prepared corn starch activated carbon is improved.
Example 2
Influence of action voltage of low-temperature plasma irradiation on adsorption performance of prepared corn starch activated carbon
Preparing the corn starch activated carbon: preparing 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 7:100(g: mL) of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, mixing, uniformly stirring, standing for 1 hour to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 100 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (2) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch for 2 hours to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is respectively 5kV, 7kV, 9kV, 10kV, 30kV, 50kV, 52kV, 55kV and 60kV, the action atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and argon, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide to the ammonia to the argon in the mixed gas is 8:3: 100.
The adsorption test, the COD concentration detection and the calculation of the COD removal rate, the total phosphorus concentration detection and the calculation of the total phosphorus removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen concentration detection and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, and the lead ion concentration detection and the calculation of the removal rate are the same as those in the embodiment 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of the applied voltage of low temperature plasma irradiation on the adsorption performance of the prepared corn starch activated carbon
As can be seen from table 2, when the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is less than 10kV (as shown in table 2, when the action voltage is 9kV, 7kV, 5kV and lower values not listed in table 2), the action voltage is smaller, the energy density of the high-energy electron beam generated at the high-voltage electrode end is lower, ionization and dissociation of hydrogen sulfide gas and ammonia gas are incomplete, the surface modification effect of the activated carbon particles is poorer, and the removal rates of leachate pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and lead ions are all significantly reduced along with the reduction of the action voltage. When the action voltage is equal to 10-50 kV (as shown in Table 2, when the action voltage is 10kV, 30kV and 50 kV), the high-energy electron beam generated by the high-voltage electrode end ionizes and dissociates hydrogen sulfide gas and ammonia gas to generate hydrogen free radicals, sulfhydryl free radicals and active amine groups, and the sulfhydryl free radicals and the active amine groups are loaded on the surface of the starch active carbon particles in the carbonization process, so that the sulfhydryl modification and amination of the surface of the active carbon particles are realized, and finally, the removal rate of leachate pollutants COD is greater than 94%, the removal rate of total phosphorus is greater than 91%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is greater than 91%, and the removal rate of lead ions is greater than 94%. When the action voltage is greater than 50kV (as shown in Table 2, when the action voltage is 52kV, 55kV and 60kV and higher values not listed in Table 2), the action voltage of low-temperature plasma is too large, the impact force of a discharge channel on the surface of activated carbon particles is too large, so that the loading effect of sulfhydryl radicals and activated amine groups on the surface of the starch activated carbon particles is poor, and the removal rate of leachate pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions is remarkably reduced along with the further increase of the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma. In sum, the benefit and the cost are combined, and when the low-temperature plasma action voltage is equal to 10-50 kV, the adsorption performance of the prepared corn starch activated carbon is improved.
Example 3
Influence of volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in mixed gas on adsorption performance of prepared corn starch activated carbon
Preparing the corn starch activated carbon: preparing 1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 12:100g (g: mL), mixing, uniformly stirring, standing for 1.5 hours to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 150 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (2) performing low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch for 3 hours to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the acting voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is 50kV, the acting atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the argon gas in the mixed gas is 1:2:100, 2:2:100, 3:2:100, 4:0.5:100, 4:1:100, 4:1.5:100, 4:2:100, 4:3:100, 4:4:100, 8:2:100, 8:3:100, 8:4:100, 12:2:100, 12:3:100, 12:4:100, 12:4.5:100, 12:5:100, 12:6:100, 13:4:100, 14:4:100 and 15:4: 100.
The adsorption test, the COD concentration detection and the calculation of the COD removal rate, the total phosphorus concentration detection and the calculation of the total phosphorus removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen concentration detection and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, and the lead ion concentration detection and the calculation of the removal rate are the same as those in example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and argon in the mixed gas on adsorption performance of the prepared corn starch activated carbon
As can be seen from table 3, when the volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in the mixed gas is less than 4:2:100 (as shown in table 3, when the low-temperature plasma applied voltage is 4:1.5:100, 4:1:100, 4:0.5:100, 3:2:100, 2:2:100, 1:2:100 and is lower than the ratio not listed in table 3), the amount of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas is less, the amount of mercapto radicals and active amine groups generated during the low-temperature plasma irradiation process is less, and the mercapto modification and amination on the surface of the active carbon particles are insufficient, so that the removal rates of leachate pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions are all significantly reduced as the volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in the mixed gas is reduced. When the volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in the mixed gas is 4-12: 2-4: 100 (as shown in table 3, when the low-temperature plasma action voltage is 4:2:100, 4:3:100, 4:4:100, 8:2:100, 8:3:100, 8:4:100, 12:2:100, 12:3:100 and 12:4: 100), performing low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch in the mixed gas atmosphere of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, ionizing and dissociating the hydrogen sulfide gas and the ammonia gas to generate hydrogen radicals, sulfhydryl radicals and active amine groups by high-energy electron beams generated at a high-voltage electrode end, loading the sulfhydryl radicals and active amine groups on the surfaces of the starch activated carbon particles in the carbonization process, thereby realizing sulfydryl modification and amination on the surfaces of the activated carbon particles, wherein the final leachate pollutant removal rate is greater than 95%, and the total phosphorus removal rate is greater than 93%, The ammonia nitrogen removal rate is more than 91 percent, and the lead ion removal rate is more than 94 percent. When the volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in the mixed gas is greater than 12:4:100 (as shown in table 3, when the low-temperature plasma action voltage is 12:4.5:100, 12:5:100, 12:6:100, 13:4:100, 14:4:100, 15:4:100 and higher ratios not listed in table 3), as the proportion of ammonia gas increases, the excess ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen sulfide to generate ammonium sulfide, and the generation amount of ammonium sulfide increases, so that the mercapto group loading amount on the surfaces of the activated carbon particles is reduced, and the removal rate of filtrate pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions is remarkably reduced along with the further increase of the proportion of ammonia gas in the mixed gas. Along with the increase of the proportion of the hydrogen sulfide gas, the removal rate of pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions in the leachate is not obviously changed. Therefore, in summary, the benefits and the cost are combined, and when the volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in the mixed gas is 4-12: 2-4: 100, the adsorption performance of the prepared corn starch activated carbon is improved.
Comparison of adsorption properties of corn starch activated carbon prepared under different process conditions
Example 5 (inventive)
Preparing 1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 12:100(g: mL), mixing, uniformly stirring, standing for 1.5 hours to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 150 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (3) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch for 3 hours to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is 50kV, the action atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the argon gas in the mixed gas is 12:4: 100.
Comparative example 1 (aqueous solution without sodium hydroxide)
And (3) irradiating the starch for 3 hours by using low-temperature plasma to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the irradiation action voltage of the low-temperature plasma is 50kV, the aeration atmosphere of the low-temperature plasma is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the argon gas in the mixed gas is 12:4: 100.
Comparative example 2 (working atmosphere is argon)
Preparing 1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 12:100(g: mL), mixing, uniformly stirring, standing for 1.5 hours to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 150 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (3) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch for 3 hours to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is 50kV, and the action atmosphere is argon.
Comparative example 3 (working atmosphere of hydrogen sulfide and argon gas mixture)
Preparing 1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 12:100(g: mL), mixing, uniformly stirring, standing for 1.5 hours to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 150 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (3) irradiating the alkali-activated starch for 3 hours by using low-temperature plasma to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is 50kV, the action atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide and argon, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide to the argon in the mixed gas is 12: 100.
Comparative example 4 (working atmosphere of mixed gas of ammonia and argon)
Preparing 1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding corn starch into the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of 12:100(g: mL), mixing, uniformly stirring, standing for 1.5 hours to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, pouring out a liquid part, and drying a solid part at 150 ℃ to obtain alkali-activated starch; and (3) carrying out low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch for 3 hours to obtain the corn starch activated carbon, wherein the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation is 50kV, the action atmosphere is mixed gas of ammonia gas and argon gas, and the volume ratio of the ammonia gas to the argon gas in the mixed gas is 4: 100.
The adsorption test, the COD concentration detection and the calculation of the COD removal rate, the total phosphorus concentration detection and the calculation of the total phosphorus removal rate, the ammonia nitrogen concentration detection and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate, and the lead ion concentration detection and the calculation of the removal rate are the same as those in example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison of the adsorption Performance of corn starch activated carbon prepared under different process conditions
| Adsorbent and process for producing the same | RCOD | RTP | RN | RPb |
| Example 5 | 99.52％ | 98.73％ | 96.32％ | 99.27％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 33.32％ | 30.56％ | 25.74％ | 32.08％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 39.24％ | 35.74％ | 32.83％ | 37.93％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 51.06％ | 48.43％ | 46.39％ | 50.27％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 43.43％ | 41.95％ | 38.02％ | 44.93％ |
As can be seen from Table 4, the removal rates of the corn starch activated carbon prepared by the method of the invention on COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions of the leachate pollutants are far greater than that of comparative examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 and higher than the sum of the removal rates of any kind of pollutants of the leachate in comparative example 3 and comparative example 4. In addition, the removal rates of the comparative examples 2, 3 and 4 on COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions of leachate pollutants are all higher than that of the comparative example 1, because sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution is hydrolyzed into hydroxyl and sodium ions, the hydroxyl can relieve the hydrogen bond effect on the surface of starch, and the later-stage loading effect of functional groups or heteroatoms on the surface of particles is enhanced, and because the comparative example 1 does not contain sodium hydroxide, the loading effect of mercapto free radicals and active amine groups on the surface of starch activated carbon particles in the carbonization process is poor, so that the removal rate of pollutants in filtrate is low. The removal rates of comparative examples 3 and 4 on pollutants COD, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and lead ions in the leachate are all higher than that of comparative example 2, because the action atmosphere of low-temperature plasma irradiation of comparative example 2 is only argon and does not contain hydrogen sulfide or argon, the mercapto modification and amination on the surfaces of active carbon particles cannot be realized in the carbonization process, namely the prepared active carbon is not modified, and the removal rate of the pollutants in the leachate is limited. In conclusion, the key of the preparation process is the addition of the sodium hydroxide solution and the adoption of the mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas in the low-temperature plasma irradiation.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of corn starch activated carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding corn starch into a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, standing to obtain starch slurry, performing centrifugal separation on the starch slurry, and drying a solid part to obtain alkali-activated starch;
(2) performing low-temperature plasma irradiation on the alkali-activated starch to obtain corn starch activated carbon;
the action atmosphere of the low-temperature plasma irradiation in the step (2) is a mixed gas of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen sulfide, the ammonia gas and the argon gas is 4-15: 2-4: 100;
the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the step (1) is 0.5-1.75 mol/L;
and (3) the action voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation in the step (2) is 10-52 kV.
2. A method for producing corn starch activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the step (1) is 0.5 to 1.5 mol/L.
3. The method for producing corn starch activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application voltage of the low-temperature plasma irradiation in the step (2) is 10 to 50 kV.
4. The method for producing a corn starch activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and argon gas is 4 to 12:2 to 4: 100.
5. The method for preparing corn starch activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the corn starch to the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the step (1) is 2-12: 100, the standing time is 0.5-1.5 h, and the solid part is dried at 50-150 ℃.
6. The method for producing corn starch activated carbon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the action time of the low temperature plasma irradiation in the step (2) is 1 to 3 hours.
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