CN111747385B - In-situ synthesis boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
In-situ synthesis boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially adding boron nitride nanosheets, a chelating agent and a nickel salt into deionized water, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering and vacuum drying to obtain the boron nitride nanosheets of the anchored catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the boron nitride nanosheets to the chelating agent to the nickel salt is 1: 5-25: 25-50; and then placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor and argon as a current-carrying gas, and carrying out heat treatment reaction for 1-3 h at 1000-1200 ℃ to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material. The method can grow the boron nitride nanotube in situ on the boron nitride nanosheet, the obtained composite material has the advantages of stable structure, strong interface bonding, large nanotube length-diameter ratio, simple preparation and good repeatability, and can promote the application of the boron nitride nanomaterial in the field of advanced composite materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic nano materials, and particularly relates to an in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The boron nitride nano material (nanotube and nano sheet) has excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties, is widely concerned by scientists in the fields of materials, physics, chemistry and interdiscipline, is considered to be one of the most promising inorganic nano materials, and has wide application prospects in the fields of advanced composite materials such as polymer base, ceramic base, metal base and the like.
Boron nitride nanotubes have a Young's modulus of up to 1.22 + -0.24 TPa (Chotra N G, et al. solid State Commun.,1998,105,297), have unique elastoplastic deformability-they recover their original appearance after several bends (Golberg D, et al. acta mater.,2007,55,1293), ultra high interlayer friction (Nigu de s A, et al. nat. mater.,2014,13, 688); the room temperature thermal conductivity is about 300W/m K (Chang C W, et al Phys. Rev.lett.,2006,97,085901), and the oxidation resistance temperature reaches 900 ℃ (Golberg D, et al script Mater.2001,44,1561); the forbidden band width is 5.0-6.0 eV, and the forbidden band width is not changed along with the chirality, the diameter and the layer number of the nanotube; and good chemical inertia, namely the reaction with acid and alkali does not occur at normal temperature. The boron nitride nanotube is added into the polymer-based composite material, so that the elastic modulus, the tensile strength and the heat conductivity coefficient of the material (such as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl formal and thermoplastic polyurethane) can be obviously improved; or to prepare composite materials with high damping characteristics (such as polylactide-polycaprolactone copolymer) or high breakdown voltage (such as polyvinyl butyral and polyethylene-vinyl acetate). The fracture toughness and the bending strength of the ceramic (such as alumina, silicon nitride, zirconia and hydroxyapatite) based composite material containing the boron nitride nanotube are greatly improved. In the field of metal matrix composite materials for aerospace, the boron nitride nanotube can greatly improve the hardness and the bending strength of the aluminum matrix composite material.
The young's modulus of the boron nitride nanosheets is 0.865 ± 0.073TPa (Falin a, et al. nat. commun.,2017,8,15815), and the flexural modulus approaches the theoretical value of 31.2GPa for a single crystal hexagonal boron nitride block (Li C, et al. nanotechnology,2009,20, 385707); the thermal conductivity at room temperature is about 360W/m K (Jo I, et al. Nano Lett.,2013,13,550), and the thermal conductivity can still keep stable under the air atmosphere at 800 ℃ (Li L H, et al. ACS Nano,2014,8, 1457); a strong absorption peak exists in a deep ultraviolet region of 210-220 nm, and strong cathode luminescence emission is shown (Yu J, et al. ACS Nano,2010,4, 414). The boron nitride nanosheet is added into the polymer-based composite material, so that the composite material (such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and epoxy resin) with high elastic modulus, high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient can be prepared. In ceramic matrix composite materials such as silicon nitride, hydroxyapatite, akermanite and the like, the bending strength, the fracture toughness, the friction performance and the compressive strength of ceramic materials can be improved. The boron nitride nanosheet can be used as a protective layer to prevent oxidation or electrochemical corrosion of metal materials such as nickel, copper, stainless steel and the like.
Further, if the boron nitride nanotube and the nano-sheet can be effectively compounded to prepare the boron nitride nanotube-nano-sheet composite structure with good interface characteristics, the advantages of the boron nitride nanotube and the nano-sheet (Yue C G, equivalent.script mater, 2013,68,579, Chen Y, equivalent.ceram int, 2018,44,3277) can be simultaneously exerted in the advanced composite material, a multiple energy dissipation mechanism and a multi-dimensional synergistic effect of a one-dimensional-two-dimensional structure can also be exerted, the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite material are further improved, and the application of the boron nitride nano-material in the field of the advanced composite material is better promoted. At present, no patent and literature report on in-situ growth of boron nitride nanotubes on boron nitride nanosheets to form boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composites is seen for a while.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ synthesis boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the preparation method for in-situ synthesis of the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of boron nitride nanosheets of the anchored catalyst: sequentially adding boron nitride nanosheets, a chelating agent and a nickel salt into deionized water, stirring, ultrasonically treating, filtering and vacuum drying to obtain the boron nitride nanosheets of the anchored catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the boron nitride nanosheets, the chelating agent and the nickel salt is 1: 5-25: 25-50, wherein the chelating agent is sodium citrate or sodium tartrate;
(2) preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: placing the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, performing heat treatment reaction at a certain temperature by using borazine as a precursor and argon as a carrier gas, growing a boron nitride nanotube on the boron nitride nanosheet in situ, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material, wherein the heat treatment reaction temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h.
In the scheme, the nickel salt in the step (1) is nickel chloride hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate or nickel sulfate hexahydrate.
In the scheme, the temperature of the vacuum drying in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃, and the time is 6-24 hours.
In the scheme, the flow rate of the carrier gas in the step (2) is 50-100 ml/min.
The in-situ synthesis boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets are used as substrates, nickel ions are uniformly anchored on the surfaces of the boron nitride nanosheets under the action of a chelating agent, and then a boron nitride nanotube grows in situ on the boron nitride nanosheets through chemical vapor deposition, so that the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material is obtained; the boron nitride nanosheet has a large specific surface area and a large number of active sites, nickel ions can be uniformly and quickly anchored on the surface of the boron nitride nanosheet under mild conditions, and the in-situ growth of the boron nitride nanotube on the boron nitride nanosheet by catalyzing a boron-nitrogen precursor at high temperature is promoted.
2. According to the invention, the boron nitride nano-tube grows in situ on the boron nitride nano-sheet, the interface bonding between the nano-sheet and the nano-tube is strong, the obtained boron nitride nano-tube has a larger long diameter, the boron nitride nano-sheet-nano-tube composite material has a stable structure, the preparation method is simple and controllable, the repeatability is good, and the application of the boron nitride nano-material in the field of advanced composite materials can be promoted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) picture of a boron nitride nanotube-nanosheet composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) picture of the boron nitride nanotube-nanosheet composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an SEM picture of the boron nitride nanotube-nanosheet composite prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a TEM picture of the boron nitride nanotube-nanosheet composite prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.05mol of sodium citrate and 0.25mol of nickel chloride hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon gas with the flow rate of 50ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1000 ℃ for 3h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
Fig. 1 is an SEM picture of a product prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a TEM picture of a product prepared in example 1 of the present invention, which is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material having a stable structure and a strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 30-80 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 2
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.25mol of sodium tartrate and 0.5mol of nickel chloride hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 120 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon with the flow rate of 100ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 1h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
Fig. 3 is an SEM picture of the product prepared in example 2 of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a TEM picture of the product prepared in example 2 of the present invention, which is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material having a stable structure and a strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 50-95 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 3
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": and sequentially adding 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.25mol of sodium citrate and 0.5mol of nickel nitrate hexahydrate into 250ml of deionized water, stirring, ultrasonically treating, filtering and vacuum drying at 120 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon with the flow rate of 100ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1000 ℃ for 1h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared by the embodiment 3 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material with stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 5-20 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 4
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.05mol of sodium tartrate and 0.25mol of nickel nitrate hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried for 6 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon with the flow rate of 50ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 3h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared by the embodiment 4 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material with stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 20-45 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 5
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.05mol of sodium citrate and 0.5mol of nickel sulfate hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 80 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon with the flow rate of 50ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1200 ℃ for 2h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared by the embodiment 5 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material with stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 35-70 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 6
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.25mol of sodium tartrate and 0.25mol of nickel sulfate hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 120 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon gas with the flow rate of 60ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1000 ℃ for 2h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by using a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared in embodiment 6 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material with a stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 45-75 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 7
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.1mol of sodium citrate and 0.3mol of nickel sulfate hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 90 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon gas with the flow rate of 90ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1100 ℃ for 1h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by using a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared in this embodiment 7 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material having a stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the boron nitride nanotube has a diameter of 5-10 nm and a length of more than 10 microns.
Example 8
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.15mol of sodium tartrate and 0.4mol of nickel nitrate hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 100 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon with the flow rate of 80ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1100 ℃ for 2h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared by the embodiment 8 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material with stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the diameter of the boron nitride nanotube is 30-95 nm, and the length of the boron nitride nanotube exceeds 10 microns.
Example 9
A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of "boron nitride nanosheet anchored catalyst": 0.01mol of boron nitride nanosheet, 0.2mol of sodium citrate and 0.35mol of nickel chloride hexahydrate are sequentially added into 250ml of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred, ultrasonically treated, filtered and vacuum-dried at 110 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst.
(2) Preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: and (2) placing the boron nitride nanosheet anchored with the catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, taking borazine as a precursor, taking argon with the flow rate of 70ml/min as carrier gas, carrying out heat treatment at 1100 ℃ for 3h, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material.
The product prepared in the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by using a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the product prepared in this embodiment 9 is a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material having a stable structure and strong interface bonding; the boron nitride nanotube grows in situ from the boron nitride nanosheet, the boron nitride nanotube has a diameter of 5-50 nm and a length of more than 10 microns.
Comparative example 1
The specific steps are the same as example 1, except that in the step (1), the content of nickel chloride hexahydrate is 0.2 mol. The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material cannot be obtained.
Comparative example 2
The specific procedure was the same as in example 1, except that in the step (2), the heat treatment temperature in the chemical vapor deposition system was 950 ℃. The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material cannot be obtained.
Comparative example 3
The specific steps are the same as example 1, except that in the step (2), the heat treatment time of the chemical vapor deposition is 0.5 h. The product prepared by the embodiment of the invention is characterized by adopting a method similar to that in embodiment 1, and the result shows that the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material cannot be obtained.
It is apparent that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating and do not limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method for in-situ synthesis of a boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) preparation of boron nitride nanosheets of the anchored catalyst: sequentially adding boron nitride nanosheets, a chelating agent and a nickel salt into deionized water, stirring, ultrasonically treating, filtering and vacuum drying to obtain the boron nitride nanosheets of the anchored catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the boron nitride nanosheets, the chelating agent and the nickel salt is 1: 5-25: 25-50, wherein the chelating agent is sodium citrate or sodium tartrate;
(2) preparing the boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material: placing the boron nitride nanosheet of the anchored catalyst obtained in the step (1) in a chemical vapor deposition system, performing heat treatment reaction at a certain temperature by using borazine as a precursor and argon as a carrier gas, growing a boron nitride nanotube on the boron nitride nanosheet in situ, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite material, wherein the heat treatment reaction temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the reaction time is 1-3 h.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nickel salt in step (1) is nickel chloride hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate, or nickel sulfate hexahydrate.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃ and the time is 6-24 h.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the carrier gas in the step (2) is 50 to 100 ml/min.
5. An in-situ synthesized boron nitride nanosheet-nanotube composite prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-4.
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| CN110817814A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-02-21 | 桂林理工大学 | Preparation method and product of thin-wall BN micro-tube with one-dimensional hierarchical structure |
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| CN110451465A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-15 | 吉林大学 | A kind of sea urchin shape boron nitride nanometer ball-nanotube hierarchical structure and preparation method thereof |
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