CN111745322A - Preparation method of novel copper-iron welding wire - Google Patents
Preparation method of novel copper-iron welding wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN111745322A CN111745322A CN202010442897.9A CN202010442897A CN111745322A CN 111745322 A CN111745322 A CN 111745322A CN 202010442897 A CN202010442897 A CN 202010442897A CN 111745322 A CN111745322 A CN 111745322A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire, which specifically comprises the following steps: preparing materials: according to the percentage content, the percentage content of Fe element in the raw material is 5-15%, and the rest is Cu element; smelting in a vacuum smelting mode; casting and discharging, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then appropriately accelerated and finally slowed down; hot forging and turning the outer circle; hot rolling and coiling; drawing and intermediate annealing; straightening, cutting and slitting; the copper-iron welding wire prepared by the invention has fibrous iron phase process, is uniformly distributed in a copper matrix, and has uniform alloy integral structure; and the prepared copper-iron welding wire contains copper and iron simultaneously, so that the welding between the copper material and the iron material can be well met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of CuFe alloy preparation processes, in particular to a preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire.
Background
With the development of the industrialization process, the use of the engineering structural member is also developed from the original same alloy welding structural member into a dissimilar alloy welding structural member. The copper and steel dissimilar alloy composite member not only can combine the advantages of two materials of copper and steel, but also can save precious metals and reduce the cost. However, the difference between the chemical composition and the thermophysical property of the copper material and the steel material is large, so that defects such as air holes and cracks are particularly easy to form, the melting and solidification processes are inconsistent due to the difference between the thermophysical properties, and the thermal cycle process, the crystallization condition and the like in the welding process can be directly influenced; the large difference of the linear expansion coefficients between copper and steel can cause large welding residual stress and deformation of a welding joint. Therefore, welding of dissimilar alloys is more complicated and difficult than welding of the same materials.
At present, different welding modes aiming at copper and steel comprise a laser welding technology, a friction stir welding technology, a plasma welding technology and an electron beam welding technology, and the technical modes are expensive in equipment and high in cost and cannot meet the development of industrialization.
The copper-iron welding wire contains copper and iron, so that the copper-iron welding wire is the most ideal welding material for connecting copper and steel, and the welding mode is simple and can be realized by adopting the traditional welding mode.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire, and the prepared copper-iron welding wire contains copper and iron simultaneously, is very suitable for welding copper and steel, has few defects of welding joints and high strength, and is suitable for industrial application.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ingredients
According to the percentage content, the percentage content of Fe element in the raw material is 5-15%, and the rest is Cu element;
step two: melting
Smelting in a vacuum smelting mode;
step three: casting of
Casting to obtain a cast ingot; wherein, the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down;
step four: hot forging, turning outer circle
Heating the cast ingot in an electric furnace to 910-950 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, then forging the cast ingot to a bar with the diameter of phi 30-40 mm, turning the outer circle, and removing the surface oxide skin;
step five: hot rolling, coiling
Heating the bar stock with the oxide skin removed to 910-950 ℃ again, preserving heat for 2-3 h, then rolling on a planetary rolling mill until the outer diameter is phi 10mm, and coiling;
step six: drawing and intermediate annealing
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the disc round material on a disc drawing machine, and carrying out annealing treatment in the process, wherein the annealing temperature is controlled at 500-550 ℃, and the disc round material is drawn to phi 1.5-2 mm;
step seven: straightening, cutting and slitting
And straightening the drawn wire, and cutting according to the required length.
Further, the Fe element is added in a CuFe master alloy form in the step one; the high-purity characteristic of the raw materials is ensured, and the purity of the alloy is ensured from the source.
Further, the Cu element is added in the form of CuFe master alloy and electrolytic copper plate; the problem that the raw materials contain more impurities can be effectively avoided, the high-purity characteristic of the raw materials is ensured, and the purity of the alloy can be ensured from the source.
Further, the vacuum melting in the second step comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 4Pa, raising the heating power to 20-30 KW, and preserving the heat for 3-4 min; then increasing the heating power to 40-50 KW at the rising rate of 1KW/s, and preserving the heat for 12-15 min; and then increasing the heating power to 80-90 KW at the rising rate of 2KW/s, keeping, reducing the power to 10-20 KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 1-2 min.
Further, the third step comprises the following specific steps: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 30KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 60-90 s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down; and after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 60-80 min, and discharging to obtain the ingot.
Further, the vacuum melting in the second step comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 4Pa, raising the heating power to 20-30 KW, and preserving the heat for 5-10 min; heating power is increased to 40-50 KW, and heat preservation is carried out for 5-10 min; and then increasing the heating power to 60-70 KW, keeping, reducing the power to 5-20 KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 1-2 min.
Further, the third step comprises the following specific steps: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 40KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 20-40 s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down; and after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 60-80 min, and discharging to obtain the ingot.
Furthermore, the inert gas in the second step adopts any one of helium or argon; helium is high-purity helium with the concentration of 99.999 percent, and argon is high-purity argon with the concentration of 99.999 percent; the high-purity inert gas can better control the vacuum degree, and can effectively avoid impurity gas from dissolving into the alloy to bring impurities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation process of the copper-iron welding wire provided by the invention can effectively ensure the requirement of no impurity doping from the screening of raw materials to the whole preparation process, the iron phase of the prepared copper-iron welding wire is fibrous and uniformly distributed in a copper matrix, and the whole structure of the alloy is uniform; and the prepared copper-iron welding wire contains copper and iron simultaneously, so that the welding between the copper material and the iron material can be well met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a copper-iron welding wire prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 100X gold phase diagram of CuFe5 prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ingredients
According to the percentage content, the percentage content of Fe element in the raw material is 5%, and the rest material is Cu element; fe element is added in the form of CuFe master alloy, and the rest Cu element is added in the form of electrolytic copper plate;
step two: melting
Smelting in a vacuum smelting mode; the smelting comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is pumped to 2Pa, raising the heating power to 20KW, and preserving the heat for 3 min; then the heating power is increased to 40KW at the rising rate of 1KW/s, and the temperature is kept for 12 min; then increasing the heating power to 80KW at the rising rate of 2KW/s, keeping, reducing the power to 10KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 1 min; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity helium with the concentration of 99.999 percent;
step three: casting of
Reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 30KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 60s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then appropriately accelerated, and finally slowed down; after casting, turning off heating, cooling for 70min, and discharging to obtain an ingot; wherein, the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down;
step four: hot forging, turning outer circle
Heating the cast ingot in an electric furnace to 910 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, then forging the cast ingot to a bar with the diameter of phi 30mm, turning the outer circle, and removing the surface oxide skin;
step five: hot rolling, coiling
Heating the bar stock with the scale removed to 910 ℃ again, preserving heat for 2h, then rolling on a planetary rolling mill, rolling the bar stock to phi 10mm in outer diameter, and coiling;
step six: drawing and intermediate annealing
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the disc round material on a disc drawing machine, and carrying out annealing treatment in the process, wherein the annealing temperature is controlled at 500 ℃, and the drawing is carried out until the diameter is 1.5 mm;
step seven: straightening, cutting and slitting
And straightening the drawn wire, and cutting according to the required length.
Example 2: a preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ingredients
According to the percentage content, the percentage content of Fe element in the raw material is 10%, and the rest material is Cu element; fe element is added in the form of CuFe master alloy, and the rest Cu element is added in the form of electrolytic copper plate;
step two: melting
Smelting in a vacuum smelting mode; the smelting comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is pumped to 4Pa, raising the heating power to 30KW, and preserving the heat for 4 min; then the heating power is increased to 50KW at the rising rate of 1KW/s, and the temperature is kept for 15 min; then increasing the heating power to 90KW at the rising rate of 2KW/s, keeping, reducing the power to 20KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 2 min; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity helium with the concentration of 99.999 percent;
step three: casting of
Reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 30KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 90s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then appropriately accelerated, and finally slowed down; after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 80min, and discharging to obtain a cast ingot; wherein, the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down;
step four: hot forging, turning outer circle
Heating the cast ingot in an electric furnace to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, then forging the cast ingot to a bar with the diameter of 40mm, turning the outer circle, and removing the surface oxide skin;
step five: hot rolling, coiling
Heating the bar stock with the scale removed to 950 ℃ again, preserving heat for 3h, then rolling on a planetary rolling mill, rolling the outer diameter to phi 10mm, and coiling;
step six: drawing and intermediate annealing
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the disc round material on a disc drawing machine, and carrying out annealing treatment in the process, wherein the annealing temperature is controlled at 550 ℃, and the drawing is carried out to phi 2 mm;
step seven: straightening, cutting and slitting
And straightening the drawn wire, and cutting according to the required length.
Example 3: this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:
step two: melting
Smelting in a vacuum smelting mode; the smelting comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is pumped to 2Pa, raising the heating power to 20KW, and preserving the heat for 5 min; heating power is increased to 40KW, and heat preservation is carried out for 5 min; then increasing the heating power to 60KW, keeping, reducing the power to 5KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 1 min; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity argon with the concentration of 99.999 percent;
step three: casting of
Reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 40KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 20s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then appropriately accelerated, and finally slowed down; and after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 60min, and discharging to obtain the ingot.
Example 4: this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:
step two: melting
Smelting in a vacuum smelting mode; the smelting comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum smelting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is pumped to 4Pa, raising the heating power to 30KW, and preserving the heat for 10 min; heating power is increased to 50KW, and heat preservation is carried out for 10 min; then, heating power is increased to 70KW, the heating power is maintained, after the raw materials in the crucible are uniform up and down, the power is reduced to 20KW, an inert gas valve is opened, then inert gas is slowly filled into the furnace body, when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, the inert gas valve is closed, the power is increased to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining is carried out for 2 min; wherein, the inert gas adopts high-purity argon with the concentration of 99.999 percent;
step three: casting of
Reducing the power of the vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 40KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 40s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then appropriately accelerated, and finally slowed down; and after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 80min, and discharging to obtain the ingot.
Experimental example: the chemical content detection is respectively carried out on the copper-iron welding wires prepared in the embodiments 1-4, and the specific detection is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the dark grain portion is an iron phase, and the light grain portion is a copper matrix phase, and it can be seen from the figure that the iron phase is fibrous and uniformly distributed in the copper matrix.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a novel copper-iron welding wire is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: ingredients
According to the percentage content, the percentage content of Fe element in the raw material is 5-15%, and the rest is Cu element;
step two: melting
Smelting in a vacuum smelting mode;
step three: casting of
Casting to obtain a cast ingot; wherein, the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down;
step four: hot forging, turning outer circle
Heating the cast ingot in an electric furnace to 910-950 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 h, then forging the cast ingot to a bar with the diameter of phi 30-40 mm, turning the outer circle, and removing the surface oxide skin;
step five: hot rolling, coiling
Heating the bar stock with the oxide skin removed to 910-950 ℃ again, preserving heat for 2-3 h, then rolling on a planetary rolling mill until the outer diameter is phi 10mm, and coiling;
step six: drawing and intermediate annealing
Carrying out multi-pass drawing on the disc round material on a disc drawing machine, and carrying out annealing treatment in the process, wherein the annealing temperature is controlled at 500-550 ℃, and the disc round material is drawn to phi 1.5-2 mm;
step seven: straightening, cutting and slitting
And straightening the drawn wire, and cutting according to the required length.
2. The method for preparing the novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Fe element is added in a CuFe master alloy.
3. The method for preparing a novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Cu element is added in the form of CuFe master alloy and electrolytic copper plate.
4. The preparation method of the novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum melting in the second step comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 4Pa, raising the heating power to 20-30 KW, and preserving the heat for 3-4 min; then increasing the heating power to 40-50 KW at the rising rate of 1KW/s, and preserving the heat for 12-15 min; and then increasing the heating power to 80-90 KW at the rising rate of 2KW/s, keeping, reducing the power to 10-20 KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 1-2 min.
5. The preparation method of the novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concrete steps of the third step are as follows: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 30KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 60-90 s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down; and after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 60-80 min, and discharging to obtain the ingot.
6. The preparation method of the novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vacuum melting in the second step comprises the following specific steps: putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace, heating and raising the temperature when the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 4Pa, raising the heating power to 20-30 KW, and preserving the heat for 5-10 min; heating power is increased to 40-50 KW, and heat preservation is carried out for 5-10 min; and then increasing the heating power to 60-70 KW, keeping, reducing the power to 5-20 KW after the raw materials in the crucible are uniformly arranged up and down, opening an inert gas valve, slowly filling inert gas into the furnace body, closing the inert gas valve when the pressure in the furnace is increased to 0.08Mpa, increasing the power to 70KW +/-5 KW, and refining for 1-2 min.
7. The preparation method of the novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 6, wherein the concrete steps of the third step are as follows: reducing the power of a vacuum smelting furnace from 70KW +/-5 KW to 40KW +/-5 KW, keeping for 20-40 s, and then starting casting, wherein the casting speed is firstly slow, then is properly accelerated, and finally is slowed down; and after the casting is finished, closing the heating, cooling for 60-80 min, and discharging to obtain the ingot.
8. The preparation method of the novel copper-iron welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the percentage content of Fe element in the raw materials is 5-15%.
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Cited By (1)
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