CN111740485B - Pulse type micro-energy power supply management circuit based on passive peak detection - Google Patents

Pulse type micro-energy power supply management circuit based on passive peak detection Download PDF

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CN111740485B
CN111740485B CN202010643929.1A CN202010643929A CN111740485B CN 111740485 B CN111740485 B CN 111740485B CN 202010643929 A CN202010643929 A CN 202010643929A CN 111740485 B CN111740485 B CN 111740485B
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circuit
energy
peak detection
micro
capacitor
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CN111740485A (en
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张晓升
张艺潇
李愿芳
龚天巡
黄文�
钱恒毅
王硕
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulse type micro-energy power supply management circuit based on passive peak detection, which relates to the field of micro-energy management and adopts the technical scheme that: the energy storage device comprises a rectifying circuit, a voltage reduction circuit and an energy storage module which are connected in sequence, wherein a switch circuit based on passive peak detection is arranged between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit, and the switch circuit based on the passive peak detection comprises a passive peak detection circuit and an electronic switch; the passive peak value detection circuit is used for carrying out pulse detection on the unidirectional pulse signal output by the rectification circuit and sending a switch control signal to the electronic switch when the unidirectional pulse signal reaches a peak value; the electronic switch is connected in series between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit and used for conducting the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit after the switch control signal is closed so as to realize maximum energy transfer, and the universality and the energy conversion efficiency of the circuit are improved on the basis of realizing the self-driving of the circuit.

Description

Pulse type micro-energy power supply management circuit based on passive peak detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-energy management, in particular to a pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection.
Background
With the continuous development of miniaturization and integration of electronic technology, the conventional energy supply device becomes a bottleneck of the development of electronic technology due to the problems of non-regeneration, large volume, repeated charging and the like. The micro-energy technology collects energy in the environment to continuously supply energy to the electronic equipment, has the characteristics of high energy density, no pollution, strong environmental adaptability, easy integration and the like, and has wide development prospect in the directions of consumer electronics, aerospace, environmental monitoring and the like. However, the conventional micro-energy collecting device is difficult to directly supply energy to an electric appliance due to the problems of impedance matching, unstable output voltage and frequency and the like. The popularization of micro energy needs to solve the energy management problem and realize stable electric energy output to meet the working requirement of electronic devices.
In recent years, for pulse-type signals output by electromagnetic power generation, particularly piezoelectric power generation and friction power generation, a structure of a synchronous charge extraction circuit has been proposed, which adopts a rectifier bridge, a switching circuit and a voltage-reduction energy storage module to realize rectification voltage-reduction energy storage of output energy and provide stable direct-current output. However, in a common circuit, a power management method based on a mechanical switch needs to be specially designed for the structure and the application environment of a generator, and the universality is poor. The power management circuit using the electronic switch needs to use an additional power supply to supply power to the switching circuit, and the practicability of the power management circuit is limited due to the problem of internal leakage current.
Therefore, how to research and design a practical universal power management module to perform collection and management of pulse-type micro-energy is a problem that needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection, which improves the universality and the energy conversion efficiency of the circuit on the basis of realizing the self-driving of the circuit.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on the passive peak detection comprises a rectifying circuit, a voltage reduction circuit and an energy storage module which are sequentially connected, wherein a switch circuit based on the passive peak detection is arranged between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit, and the switch circuit based on the passive peak detection comprises a passive peak detection circuit and an electronic switch;
the passive peak value detection circuit is used for carrying out pulse detection on the unidirectional pulse signal output by the rectification circuit and sending a switch control signal to the electronic switch when the unidirectional pulse signal reaches a peak value;
and the electronic switch is connected between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit in series and used for conducting the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit after the switch control signal is closed so as to realize maximum energy transfer.
Preferably, the passive peak detection circuit comprises a voltage division circuit and a transition capacitor CpTransistor TpAnd an RC differential circuit;
the voltage division circuit is used for carrying out voltage division processing on the unidirectional pulse signal and then carrying out transition capacitance CpInputting;
the RC differential circuit is used for carrying out differential processing on the unidirectional pulse signal and is connected with a transition capacitor CpThe transistors are controlled together to output a switch control signal for peak detection.
Preferably, the voltage dividing circuit includes a resistor R1Resistance R2Resistance R1Resistance R2After being connected in series, the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel; the transition capacitor CpSeries connection resistor RPDiode back and resistance R2Parallel connection; the voltage division circuit passes through the resistor R at the pulse rising stage of the unidirectional pulse signalPA transition capacitor C is formed after the diode is connected in seriespAnd (6) charging energy.
Preferably, the RC differentiating circuit comprises a capacitor CdResistance RdCapacitor CdResistance RdAfter being connected in series, the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel; the transistor TpEmitter and transition capacitor CpIs connected with the charging end of the capacitor CdResistance RdIs connected in series, the collector passes through a resistor R3And RdIs connected with the other end of the collector, and the collector is connected with the electronic switch; the transition capacitor CpTransistor TpAnd a resistance R3Forming a loop for releasing energy; the resistor R3The two ends form a potential difference to be output as a switch control signal.
Preferably, the electronic switch is a MOS transistor S1MOS transistor S1The grid electrode of the switch receives a switch control signal, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are connected in series between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit.
Preferably, the step-down circuit comprises a primary inductor L forming a shielded common-mode mutual inductance1Secondary inductance L2The inductance of the inductor is 1 muH-10 mH.
Preferably, the energy storage module comprises an energy storage device and a diode, and the electric energy output by the voltage reduction circuit is stored in the energy storage device through the diode.
Preferably, the energy storage device is an energy storage capacitor CrAny one of a lithium battery and a super capacitor.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an electronic device, which includes a micro-energy collecting device, a micro-energy power management circuit, wherein the micro-energy power management circuit is electrically connected to an output end of the micro-energy collecting device; the micro-energy power management circuit is any one of the pulse type micro-energy power management circuits based on passive peak detection.
Preferably, the micro-energy collecting device is any one of a piezoelectric generator, a friction generator and an electromagnetic generator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the passive peak detection circuit is used for realizing the self-driving of the whole power management circuit and improving the practicability of the circuit.
2. The invention is built by basic electronic devices, has simple structure and small volume and is easy for large-scale production.
3. The whole structure of the invention is based on a synchronous charge extraction circuit, has better adaptability to the input of pulse type signals, has no special device or structure, and has better universality.
4. The invention can improve the energy conversion efficiency from micro energy sources to electronic devices and improve the practical value of the micro energy sources.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the architecture in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the output waveform experimentally verified using a triboelectric nanogenerator in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the charging effect of the 10 μ F capacitor using the tribo-nanogenerator in the examples of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying fig. 1-4, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.
Example (b): the pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection comprises a rectifying circuit, a switching circuit based on passive peak detection, a voltage reduction circuit and an energy storage module which are sequentially connected in series as shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rectifier circuit employs a bridge rectifier bridge, which is electrically connected to the rear end of the pulse-type micro energy source, receives the ac pulse output by the pulse-type micro energy source, and outputs a rectified unidirectional pulse.
As shown in fig. 2, the switching circuit based on passive peak detection includes a passive peak detection circuit and an electronic switch. And the passive peak value detection circuit is used for carrying out pulse detection on the unidirectional pulse signal output by the rectifying circuit and sending a switch control signal to the electronic switch when the unidirectional pulse signal reaches a peak value. The electronic switch is connected in series between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit and used for conducting the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit after the switch control signal is closed so as to realize maximum energy transfer. The switch circuit based on passive peak detection detects the input pulse signal and controls the on-off of the whole circuit so as to solve the impedance matching problem of the micro energy source and improve the transmission efficiency of energy.
As shown in FIG. 2, the passive peak detection circuit comprises a voltage divider circuit and a transition capacitor CpTransistor TpAnd an RC differential circuit. The voltage division circuit is used for carrying out voltage division processing on the unidirectional pulse signal and then carrying out transition capacitanceCpAnd (4) inputting. The RC differential circuit is used for carrying out differential processing on the unidirectional pulse signal and is connected with the transition capacitor CpThe transistors are controlled together to output a switch control signal for peak detection.
As shown in FIG. 2, the voltage divider circuit includes a resistor R1Resistance R2Resistance R1Resistance R2After being connected in series, the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel. Transition capacitance CpSeries connection resistor RPDiode back and resistance R2And (4) connecting in parallel. The voltage division circuit passes through the resistor R at the pulse rising stage of the unidirectional pulse signalPA transition capacitor C is formed after the diode is connected in seriespAnd (6) charging energy.
As shown in FIG. 2, the RC differential circuit includes a capacitor CdResistance RdCapacitor CdResistance RdAfter being connected in series, the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel. Transistor TpEmitter and transition capacitor CpIs connected with the charging end of the capacitor CdResistance RdIs connected in series, the collector passes through a resistor R3And RdIs connected to the other end of the first switch, and the collector is connected to the electronic switch. Transition capacitance CpTransistor TpAnd a resistance R3Forming a loop for releasing energy, CpEnergy in (1) via R3And (4) completely releasing the probe, and preparing the probe for the next detection. Resistance R3The two ends form a potential difference to be output as a switch control signal.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodiment, the electronic switch is a MOS transistor S1MOS transistor S1The grid electrode of the switch receives a switch control signal, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are connected in series between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit. The passive peak detection circuit is in an off state under normal conditions, and is switched on when detecting that the input pulse peak generates a switch control signal along with the input pulse peak.
As shown in FIG. 2, the buck circuit includes a primary inductor L that forms a shielded common-mode mutual inductance1Secondary inductance L2The inductance of the inductor is 1 muH-10 mH.
As shown in fig. 2, the energy storage module includes an energy storage device and a diode, and the electric energy output by the voltage reduction circuit is stored in the energy storage device through the diode. The energy storage module can provide stable direct current output outwards. The energy storage device is any one of an energy storage capacitor, a lithium battery and a super capacitor.
As shown in fig. 2, the micro-energy collecting device is any one of a piezoelectric generator, a friction generator and an electromagnetic generator.
The power management circuit can be divided into three stages during normal operation:
in the first stage, when the pulse signal is rectified in bridge mode and the voltage is in the rising stage, the MOS transistor S1Open, transition capacitance CpThe voltage across the voltage divider circuit is increased by storing energy through the voltage divider circuit. At the same time, the output of the RC differential circuit rises with the rise of the pulse signal voltage, and the transistor T risespAnd (5) disconnecting.
In the second stage, when the pulse signal reaches the peak value falling moment, the output of the RC differential circuit rapidly falls, and the transistor T at the momentpFast conduction, CpAlong TpAnd R3The formed loop releases energy at the same time as R3The two ends form a potential difference to be output as a control signal of the switch. Switch MOS tube S1Under the action of the control signal, the current is conducted, and the current rapidly flows through a primary inductor L which shields common-mode mutual inductance in a voltage reduction circuit under the drive of peak voltage1And storing the energy in the energy storage module in the form of current.
In the third stage, the energy is converted into mutual inductance by the shielding common mode1To the secondary inductance L2Secondary inductance L2Via diode and energy storage capacitor CrThe energy released by the loop is finally stored in an energy storage capacitor C by LC oscillation energyrAnd an energy storage capacitor CrBoth ends provide a stable dc output.
For MOS transistor S as switch in circuit1The MOS transistor S which is selected in the actual building test can meet the characteristics of high voltage resistance and low power consumption so as to reduce the loss of energy on a circuit1Is STN3N45K 3. Meanwhile, the characteristic of coping with micro-energy high impedance is adopted, the high-value resistor and the low-capacitance capacitor are adopted for the construction of the voltage division circuit and the differential circuit, the resistance value is 100M omega, and the capacitor is 220 pF. Resistance RPThe value is smallAnd a 330 omega resistor is selected in actual measurement. Simultaneous transition capacitance CpShould be moderate in value and resistance CdThe value is too large, the voltage rises too slowly, and the circuit consumption is increased. Resistance CdIf the value is too small, it is difficult to provide a voltage sufficient to control the conduction of the switching MOS transistor. The capacitance of 100pF was selected for the measurement.
Experimental verification and analysis:
FIG. 3 shows a switching circuit and an energy storage capacitor C based on passive peak detection under the condition of power supply of a friction nano-generatorrThe voltage output of (2) is measured curve. Switch and C are respectively a Switch circuit based on passive peak detection and an energy storage capacitor CrThe voltage across the terminals. The micro energy source adopted in the test is a sliding friction type nano friction generator, and the energy storage capacitor is C r10 μ F. The output of the friction nano generator generates 19 forward pulses through the rectifying circuit, the pulse voltage is 100V, the passive peak detection circuit outputs 19 control pulses, the peak value of each control pulse is about 35V, and along with each control pulse, the energy storage capacitor CrThe voltage of (2) rises. Final energy storage capacitor CrThe voltage across the terminals rises from 0V to 0.8V.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the results of the present invention before and after power management for 10 μ F capacitor charging in the case of a tribo nanogenerator supply. PMM is the charging curve of friction nanometer generator after passing through power management circuit, and None is the charging curve of directly adopting friction nanometer generator. The friction nano generator adopts the same sliding type friction nano generator as that in the figure 3, 10 discharge cycles are passed in the two charging processes, 20 pulse signals are generated, and the average value of the voltage values of the pulse signals is about 100V. After 10 discharge cycles of the triboelectric nanogenerator, the voltage across the 10 muF capacitor increases from 0V to about 0.8V through the power management circuit. And the friction generator is directly charged, and the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor is increased from 0V to 0.35V. Therefore, the power management circuit based on the passive peak detection circuit and suitable for the pulse-type micro energy source can effectively improve the energy transmission efficiency of the micro energy source.
The above embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on the passive peak detection comprises a rectifying circuit, a voltage reducing circuit and an energy storage module which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that a switch circuit based on the passive peak detection is arranged between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reducing circuit, and the switch circuit based on the passive peak detection comprises a passive peak detection circuit and an electronic switch;
the passive peak value detection circuit is used for carrying out pulse detection on the unidirectional pulse signal output by the rectification circuit and sending a switch control signal to the electronic switch when the unidirectional pulse signal reaches a peak value;
the electronic switch is connected in series between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit and used for conducting the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit after being closed according to the switch control signal so as to realize maximum energy transfer;
the passive peak detection circuit comprises a voltage division circuit and a transition capacitor CpTransistor TpAnd an RC differential circuit;
the voltage division circuit is used for carrying out voltage division processing on the unidirectional pulse signal and then carrying out transition capacitance CpInputting;
the RC differential circuit is used for carrying out differential processing on the unidirectional pulse signal and is connected with a transition capacitor CpThe transistors are controlled together to output a switch control signal for peak detection.
2. The pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection according to claim 1, wherein the voltage dividing circuit comprises a resistor R1Resistance R2Resistance R1Resistance R2After being connected in series, the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel; the transition capacitor CpSeries connection resistor RPDiode back and resistance R2Parallel connection; the voltage division circuit passes through the resistor R at the pulse rising stage of the unidirectional pulse signalPA transition capacitor C is formed after the diode is connected in seriespAnd (6) charging energy.
3. The passive peak detection-based pulsed micro-energy power management circuit of claim 1, wherein the RC differentiating circuit comprises a capacitor CdResistance RdCapacitor CdResistance RdAfter being connected in series, the rectifier circuit is connected in parallel; the transistor TpEmitter and transition capacitor CpIs connected with the charging end of the capacitor CdResistance RdIs connected in series, the collector passes through a resistor R3And RdIs connected with the other end of the collector, and the collector is connected with the electronic switch; the transition capacitor CpTransistor TpAnd a resistance R3Forming a loop for releasing energy; the resistor R3The two ends form a potential difference to be output as a switch control signal.
4. The pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electronic switch is a MOS transistor S1MOS transistor S1The grid electrode of the switch receives a switch control signal, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are connected in series between the rectifying circuit and the voltage reduction circuit.
5. The pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the voltage reduction circuit comprises a primary inductor L forming a shielding common-mode mutual inductance1Secondary inductance L2The inductance of the inductor is 1 muH-10 mH.
6. The pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on the passive peak detection according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the energy storage module comprises an energy storage device and a diode, and the electric energy output by the voltage reduction circuit is stored in the energy storage device through the diode.
7. The pulse type micro-energy power management circuit based on passive peak detection according to claim 6, wherein the energy storage device is an energy storage capacitor CrAny one of a lithium battery and a super capacitor.
8. An electronic device is characterized by comprising a micro-energy acquisition device and a micro-energy power management circuit, wherein the micro-energy power management circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the micro-energy acquisition device; the micro-power management circuit is the pulse type micro-power management circuit based on passive peak detection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the micro-energy harvesting device is any one of a piezoelectric generator, a friction generator, and an electromagnetic generator.
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