CN111739500B - 阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构 - Google Patents
阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,通过焊接或胶接穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、下面板,形成四个蜂窝共振腔单元,并在蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上粘贴阻尼层,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,提高了结构的低频宽带吸声性能。通过将该结构进行阵列,可以得到任意尺寸的吸声结构,以便于适应不同的应用环境。轻质蜂窝夹层板结构在实现良好的低频宽带水下吸声性能的前提下,减轻了结构重量,保证了结构承载性能。进一步的,穿孔上面板由结构钢制成,上面开有四个小孔,结构钢的应用使结构具有良好的承载性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水下吸声领域,具体是一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构。
背景技术
声学超材料是一种人工周期性复合结构,具有不同于天然材料的超常规声学特性,如声聚焦、负折射、单向透射、声隐身等。此外,深亚波长尺度结构对低频声波的高效吸收也是声学超材料的重要特殊性质之一。在空气声学中,通过空间缠绕或层级穿孔的结构设计,可以实现基于亥姆霍兹共振原理的高效吸收。通过具有不同几何参数的多个单元的并行连接,其中一些结构也表现出宽频带吸收能力。但在水声学中,由于水的近似不可压缩性和相对较小的粘性,依赖于空气的粘性能量耗散的超材料将不再适用。此外,在相同频率下,水中的声波波长是空气的4倍以上,这使得通过小尺寸结构实现低频的完全吸收变得更加困难。而传统的水下吸声材料/结构,例如具有周期性排布的空腔的吸声覆盖层、局域共振型声子晶体、阻抗渐变型吸声覆盖层等材料/结构,其基体大多为橡胶或聚氨酯,实际工作时需粘贴在水下装备的钢制外壳上,一方面增加了结构重量,另一方面承载性能较差,在深水载荷作用下易发生变形,从而削弱其吸声性能。综合来看,上述结构普遍存在低频宽带吸声性能不佳、质量较重、承载性能差的问题。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的问题,提供了一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构, 解决传统水下吸声结构在普遍存在低频宽带吸声性能不佳、质量较重、承载性能差的问题。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,包括四个蜂窝腔体元胞,通过将该结构进行阵列,可以得到任意尺寸的吸声结构,以便于适应不同的应用环境。其中每个元胞包括穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、阻尼层和下面板,穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、下面板通过焊接或胶接相连,阻尼层粘贴于每一个蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上,形成一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构。
本发明通过焊接或胶接穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、下面板,形成四个蜂窝共振腔单元,并在蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上粘贴阻尼层,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,提高了结构的低频宽带吸声性能。通过将该结构进行阵列,可以得到任意尺寸的吸声结构,以便于适应不同的应用环境。轻质蜂窝夹层板结构在实现良好的低频宽带水下吸声性能的前提下,减轻了结构重量,保证了结构承载性能。进一步的,穿孔上面板由结构钢制成,上面开有四个小孔,结构钢的应用使结构具有良好的承载性能。
进一步的,穿孔上面板上每一个小孔对应蜂窝层芯结构中的一个蜂窝共振腔单元,穿孔的设置将使蜂窝单元内部与外部连通,水通过穿孔流入蜂窝单元内部,形成亥姆霍兹共振腔。
进一步的,穿孔的直径为2~8mm,形状为圆形、三角形、方形、花瓣形或不规则形,穿孔的直径决定了穿孔内水柱的直径,通过调节穿孔直径可以改变结构的亥姆霍兹共振特性,从而调节结构的吸声性能。
进一步的,穿孔上面板的厚度为2~5mm,上面板的厚度一方面决定了穿孔内水柱的高度,控制着结构的共振吸声特性,另一方面可以调节结构的承载性能。
具体的,蜂窝层芯由结构钢制成,形状为方形蜂窝、圆形蜂窝、三角形蜂窝、六方蜂窝或多尺寸多形状的混杂蜂窝,蜂窝层芯用于承受压缩载荷,此外,蜂窝壁将结构分割为多个单元,可以实现不同单元的差异化尺寸设计,形成多个共振频率,增加结构的吸声带宽。
进一步的,蜂窝内边长为30~50mm,蜂窝腔体作为亥姆霍兹共振腔,起到了声容的作用,通过调整蜂窝内边长,可以控制结构的峰值吸声频率。
进一步的,蜂窝层芯的厚度为30mm~40mm,蜂窝层芯的厚度决定了共振腔体的尺寸,改变蜂窝层芯厚度可以调整结构的吸声频带。
具体的,阻尼层由橡胶或聚氨酯等粘弹性材料制成,粘贴于每一个蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上,阻尼层的粘贴为蜂窝共振腔提供了额外的声阻和声容,改善了结构的阻抗特性,有利于实现结构的低频宽带水下吸声。
进一步的,阻尼层厚度为1mm~5mm,阻尼层的厚度决定了额外增加的声阻和声容的大小,对结构的声阻抗特性会产生影响,通过合理设计可以实现特定频率的优异吸声效果。
本发明有益效果在于:
1、具有优异的低频宽带吸声性能。本发明试件在目标频率范围内,吸声系数可以达到0.8以上,吸声带宽可达到800Hz以上,半吸声带宽可达到1000Hz以上。部分频段的吸声峰值可达到0.9以上,从而实现高效吸声。
2、具有良好的承载性能和轻量化性能。本发明的穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、下面板共同组成了轻质蜂窝夹层板结构,该结构具有良好的耐压性能、抗弯性能,是一种承载、轻量化的多功能结构。
3、具有更多的可调参数和变量。本发明中的穿孔直径、穿孔上面板厚度、蜂窝层芯高度、蜂窝内边长、阻尼层厚度等均为可调参数,可以根据具体的使用场景,如对承载性能的要求或对声学性能的要求合理的进行选择调整。
4、结构简单,易于制造。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构示意图;
图2为本发明三个实施例在0~2000Hz内的吸声系数示意图。
其中:1.穿孔上面板;2.蜂窝层芯;3.阻尼层;4.下面板。
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“一侧”、“一端”、“一边”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明提供了一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,通过焊接或胶接穿孔上面板1、蜂窝层芯2、下面板4,形成四个蜂窝共振腔单元,并在蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上粘贴阻尼层3,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,提高了结构的低频宽带吸声性能。通过将该结构进行阵列,可以得到任意尺寸的吸声结构,以便于适应不同的应用环境。轻质蜂窝夹层板结构在实现良好的低频宽带水下吸声性能的前提下,减轻了结构重量,保证了结构承载性能,解决了传统水下吸声结构在普遍存在低频宽带吸声性能不佳、质量较重、承载性能差的问题。
请参阅图1,本发明一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,包括:包括穿孔上面板1、蜂窝层芯2、阻尼层3和下面板4,穿孔上面板1、蜂窝层芯2、下面板4通过焊接或胶接相连,阻尼层3粘贴于每一个蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上,形成一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,结构示意图如图1所示。
穿孔上面板1由结构钢制成,上面周期性的开有小孔,进一步的,穿孔上面板1上每一个小孔对应蜂窝层芯结构中的一个蜂窝共振腔单元,进一步的,穿孔的直径为2~8mm,穿孔上面板1的厚度为2~5mm。除此之外,穿孔上面板1上小孔形状不限于圆形,三角形、方形、花瓣形或不规则形小孔均可。
蜂窝层芯2由结构钢制成,蜂窝内边长为30~50mm,蜂窝层芯2的厚度为30mm~40mm。除此之外,蜂窝层芯2的形状不限于方形蜂窝,圆形蜂窝、三角形蜂窝、六方蜂窝或多尺寸多形状的混杂蜂窝均可。
阻尼层3,粘贴于每一个蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上,阻尼层3厚度为1mm~5mm。除此之外,制成阻尼层3的材料不限于橡胶,聚氨酯等粘弹性材料均可。
下面板4由结构钢制成,下表面4固定在需要声学处理的水下装备上。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中的描述和所示的本发明实施例的组件可以通过各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明由穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、阻尼层、下面板组成,其吸声性能主要由蜂窝共振腔决定,包括穿孔直径、穿孔上面板厚度、蜂窝层芯高度、蜂窝内边长、阻尼层厚度决定。承载和轻量化性能主要由面板和蜂窝层芯决定,包括穿孔上面板厚度、蜂窝层芯高度、蜂窝内边长等。由于这些结构参数均为可调参数,所以可以通过调节实现相应的吸声、承载和轻量化性能要求。下面通过具体实施例进行对本发明技术方案进行示例性说明。
实施例用材料:
结构钢:其特征是密度7850kg/m3,杨氏模量200GPa,泊松比0.3。
橡胶:其特征是密度1100kg/m3,杨氏模量10MPa,泊松比0.49,等效各向同性损耗因子为0.3。
水:其特征是密度1000kg/m3,声速1500m/s,动力粘度系数0.00101Pa·s。
实施例的结构尺寸以及材料选择:
实施例1
穿孔上面板厚度3mm,蜂窝内边长30mm,蜂窝层芯高度30mm,腔体1穿孔直径为2mm、阻尼层厚度为5mm,腔体2穿孔直径为5mm、阻尼层厚度为1.7mm ,腔体3穿孔直径为3.3mm、阻尼层厚度为5mm,腔体4穿孔直径为5mm、阻尼层厚度为4mm。
实施例2
穿孔上面板厚度5mm,蜂窝内边长40mm,蜂窝层芯高度40mm,腔体1穿孔直径为5mm、阻尼层厚度为2.7mm,腔体2穿孔直径为3.4mm、阻尼层厚度为5mm ,腔体3穿孔直径为2.7mm、阻尼层厚度为5mm,腔体4穿孔直径为5mm、阻尼层厚度为5mm。
实施例3
穿孔上面板厚度2mm,蜂窝内边长50mm,蜂窝层芯高度35mm,腔体1穿孔直径为8mm、阻尼层厚度为4.4mm,腔体2穿孔直径为8mm、阻尼层厚度为1.8mm ,腔体3穿孔直径为8mm、阻尼层厚度为1mm,腔体4穿孔直径为5.2mm、阻尼层厚度为5mm。
请参阅图2,在低频时的亥姆霍兹共振现象可以在一定频率范围内实现高效吸声。通过在蜂窝共振腔内壁粘贴阻尼层,改善了结构的声阻抗特性,由橡胶层提供额外的声阻和声容,形成了类亥姆霍兹共振,使本发明实现了水下的低频高效吸声。除此之外,通过两种直径的穿孔的间隔排布,使本发明获得了多个共振频率,产生了多个吸声峰值,从而使本发明实现了低频宽带的优异吸声效果。
请参阅图2,实施例1在293~683Hz之间390Hz的频带范围内的吸声系数大于0.8,具有高效的吸声性能,其半吸声带为240~765Hz,半吸声带宽为525Hz。该结构的吸声系数具有4个吸声峰值,分别发生在303Hz、399Hz、528Hz和630Hz处,分别对应4个腔体元胞的共振吸声频率;
实施例2在422~1270Hz之间848Hz的频带范围内的吸声系数大于0.8,具有高效的吸声性能,其半吸声带为350~1417Hz,半吸声带宽为1067Hz。该结构的吸声系数具有4个吸声峰值,分别发生在458Hz、644Hz、893Hz和1161Hz处,分别对应4个腔体元胞的共振吸声频率;
实施例3在550~1354Hz之间804Hz的频带范围内的吸声系数大于0.8,具有高效的吸声性能,其半吸声带为466~1476Hz,半吸声带宽为1010Hz。该结构的吸声系数具有4个吸声峰值,分别发生在642Hz、808Hz、1079Hz和1269Hz处,分别对应4个腔体元胞的共振吸声频率;从吸声系数曲线可以看出本发明可以在一定的频率范围内实现优异的低频宽带吸声性能,在目标频率范围内,吸声系数稳定的大于0.8,吸声带宽可达到800Hz以上,半吸声带宽可达到1000Hz以上。部分频段的吸声峰值可达到0.9以上,能够对水下声波实现高效吸收,并且通过不同的结构参数的设计可以实现对声学性能的调节。
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,其特征在于:包括若干阵列分布的蜂窝腔体元胞,其中每个元胞包括穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、阻尼层和下面板,穿孔上面板、蜂窝层芯、下面板通过焊接或胶接相连,穿孔上面板上每一个穿孔对应蜂窝层芯结构中的一个蜂窝共振腔单元,阻尼层粘贴于每一个蜂窝共振腔单元的侧壁和底面上,下面板固定在需要声学处理的水下装备上,形成一种阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构;所述的穿孔上面板穿孔的直径为2~8mm,所述的穿孔上面板的厚度为2~5mm,所述的蜂窝层芯中每个蜂窝内边长为30~50mm,所述的蜂窝层芯的厚度为30mm~40mm,所述的阻尼层由粘弹性材料制成,采用橡胶或聚氨酯,阻尼层厚度为1mm~5mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,其特征在于:所述的穿孔上面板由结构钢制成,上面开有4个穿孔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,其特征在于:所述的穿孔形状为圆形、三角形、方形、花瓣形或不规则形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,其特征在于:所述的蜂窝层芯由结构钢制成,形状为方形蜂窝、圆形蜂窝、三角形蜂窝、六方蜂窝或多尺寸多形状的混杂蜂窝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻尼层修饰的穿孔夹层板水下宽带吸声结构,其特征在于:所述的下面板由结构钢制成。
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