CN111739149A - Oil-water distribution continuity restoration method of rock CT scanning image - Google Patents
Oil-water distribution continuity restoration method of rock CT scanning image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing continuity of oil and water distribution of a rock CT scanning image, and particularly relates to the technical field of core analysis and testing. According to the method, a rock sample is subjected to CT scanning to obtain a rock image containing oil and water in pores, the rock three-dimensional space model is reconstructed after image filtering and segmentation, the rock three-dimensional space model is placed in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, the shortest distance of oil-water two-phase voxels which are mutually communicated is searched from 26 directions by taking the oil-phase surface voxel as the center, the shortest distance cutoff value is set, an effective search path is screened, and skeleton voxels between the oil phase and the water phase are replaced by water-phase voxels to form a rock pore channel which is really communicated, and the continuity repair of oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image is completed by combining the wettability of rocks. The invention makes up the fracture of rock pores caused by image segmentation, and lays a foundation for accurately analyzing the space distribution of fluid in the rock and improving the calculation precision of rock electrical parameters and seepage parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of core analysis and test, in particular to a method for repairing continuity of oil and water distribution of a rock CT scanning image.
Background
With the gradual deepening of the fine exploration of oil and gas reservoirs in China, the digital rock virtual simulation technology becomes an important technical means for making up the problems of time consumption, difficult single-factor analysis and the like of a rock physical experiment and quickly analyzing the properties of the rock, such as pore structure distribution, permeability, elastic parameters, electrical parameters and the like. Among them, three-dimensional digital core construction and numerical simulation based on CT scan images are the mainstream methods.
When oil and water phases exist in rock pores, oil and water are quantitatively determined by using an image segmentation method, and a complete pore space is formed by analyzing the three-dimensional spatial distribution of the oil and the water and is convenient for subsequent numerical simulation. In order to distinguish the oil phase from the water phase, 1-10% sodium iodide or sodium bromide solution is usually mixed with water in rock pores as a reinforcing agent before CT scanning, so as to increase the difference of oil-water CT value. However, since the gray value distributions of the oil phase and the water phase in the CT scan image are not overlapped, the oil phase and the water phase are not in contact with each other after each image segmentation, which results in very poor pore connectivity of the three-dimensional digital core. Meanwhile, the situation is not consistent with that of a real rock, oil displacement water in the real rock enters pores, and an oil-water interface rather than a solid skeleton phase is formed between an oil phase and a water phase. Therefore, a method for repairing the continuity of oil and water distribution of a rock CT scanning image is needed to be provided, so that the problem of rock pore fracture caused by image segmentation is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of rock pore fracture caused by image segmentation, and provides an oil-water distribution continuity repairing method of a rock CT scanning image.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for repairing the continuity of oil and water distribution of a rock CT scanning image specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, reconstructing a rock three-dimensional space model;
step 2, establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system based on the rock three-dimensional space model, marking oil-phase voxels, skeleton voxels and water-phase voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model, and searching the water-phase voxels by taking the oil-phase surface voxels as the center;
step 4, forming a truly communicated rock pore channel based on the effective search path, and finishing the continuity restoration of the oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image by combining the wettability of the rock;
and 5, verifying the oil-water distribution continuity repairing method of the rock CT scanning image.
Preferably, in the step 1, a rock sample is collected according to coring rock data, the rock sample is processed, the processed rock sample is scanned by a CT scanning device to obtain a rock gray image, the rock gray image is processed by a non-local mean filtering method, a spatial distribution image of oil, water and a skeleton is obtained by performing threshold segmentation on the gray image, and a rock three-dimensional spatial model is reconstructed.
Preferably, the step 2 specifically includes the following steps:
step 2.1: setting coordinate axes along the direction of the edges of the rock three-dimensional space model by taking any vertex of the rock three-dimensional space model as a coordinate origin, establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, determining the position coordinates of each voxel in the rock three-dimensional space model according to the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, marking an oil phase voxel as 0, a framework voxel as 1 and a water phase voxel as 2;
step 2.2: setting a coordinate origin as a starting point in a rock three-dimensional space model, sequentially selecting all oil phase voxels according to the sequence of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, setting a search step length as a voxel by taking a selected first oil phase surface voxel as a center, respectively extending the oil phase surface voxels in the directions of each surface, the edges and the angles of the rock three-dimensional space model, and searching the water phase voxels;
step 2.3: if the extended oil phase surface voxel is in contact with the water phase voxel, recording the path and the step length of the search and the shortest distance between the oil phase surface voxel and the water phase voxel, and finishing the search of the oil phase surface voxel; if the oil phase surface voxels are not contacted with the water phase voxels after extension in all directions, increasing a voxel for the search step length, searching the oil phase surface voxels again until the extended oil phase surface voxels are contacted with the water phase voxels for the first time, recording the path and the step length of the current search and the shortest distance between the oil phase surface voxels and the water phase voxels, stopping the search of the oil phase surface voxels, starting to search the next oil phase surface voxels until the search of all the oil phase surface voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model is completed, and obtaining the respective search paths, step lengths and shortest distances of all the oil phase surface voxels.
Preferably, in step 3, according to the continuity analysis of the visualized oil-water distribution of the image, a shortest distance cutoff value is set to M voxels, whether the search process of each oil-phase surface voxel is valid is determined based on the shortest distance obtained by searching each oil-phase surface voxel in step 2, if the shortest distance of each oil-phase surface voxel is greater than the shortest distance cutoff value, the search process is determined to be invalid, if the shortest distance of each oil-phase surface voxel does not exceed the shortest distance cutoff value, the search process is determined to be valid, and the search path determined by the search process is recorded as a valid search path.
Preferably, in the step 4, all skeleton voxels in the effective search path are replaced by water-phase voxels, and the types of the rest voxels are kept unchanged, so that a rock pore channel which is truly communicated is formed; judging whether replacement processing is needed according to the wettability of the rock, if the wettability of the rock is non-water-wet, the replacement processing is not needed, if the wettability of the rock is water-wet, the replacement processing is carried out on all oil phase surface voxels without effective search paths, framework voxels connected with the oil phase surface voxels without the effective search paths are replaced by water phase voxels, and the continuity restoration of oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image is completed.
Preferably, in the step 5, the continuity of pores in the CT scanning image before and after the repair is analyzed, the permeability of the model before and after the repair is calculated by using a lattice boltzmann method for a plurality of rock three-dimensional space models, and the permeability is compared with a permeability result actually measured by using a rock sample, so as to verify the accuracy of the oil-water distribution continuity repair method of the CT scanning image of the rock.
Preferably, in the step 2, the three-dimensional space model of the rock extends along each face, edge and angle, and the total number of the faces, edges and angles is 26.
Preferably, in step 3, the straight-line distance between the oil-phase surface voxel and the water-phase voxel is defined as the shortest distance at which the oil-phase surface voxel and the water-phase voxel are communicated with each other.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the oil-water distribution continuity restoration of the rock CT scanning image, and solves the problems of rock pore breakage and poor pore connectivity caused by non-contact of oil and water phases after image segmentation; the method is beneficial to accurately analyzing the spatial distribution of the fluid in the rock, and lays a foundation for improving the calculation precision of the rock electrical parameter and the seepage parameter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for repairing continuity of oil and water distribution in a rock CT scan image.
Fig. 2 is an original two-dimensional sectional image of the Bentheimer sandstone in gray scale in CT scanning.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the search direction with the surface voxels of the oil phase as the center.
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional cross-sectional view of the oil-water distribution of the restored Bentheimer sandstone.
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the oil-water distribution of the restored Bentheimer sandstone.
FIG. 6 is an image of a local pore cut directly from oil and water and unrepaired; wherein the black part is oil phase voxel, and the white part is water phase voxel.
FIG. 7 is a partial pore image after CT scan image continuity of oil-water distribution; wherein the black part is oil phase voxel, and the white part is water phase voxel.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the result of the accuracy verification of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
taking the continuous repair of oil and water distribution of a CT scanning image of a Bentheimer sandstone rock sample as an example, the method for continuously repairing oil and water distribution of a CT scanning image of rock provided by the invention is described, and as shown in FIG. 1, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, reconstructing a rock three-dimensional space model;
collecting a typical Bentheimer sandstone rock sample, wherein the porosity of the Bentheimer sandstone rock sample is 20.85%, cleaning and drying the rock sample, immersing the rock sample into a 5% sodium iodide aqueous solution to saturate the Bentheimer sandstone rock sample with the 5% sodium iodide aqueous solution, and then using oil to displace liquid in the rock to distribute oil and water which can be identified in the rock;
performing CT scanning on the Benthheimer sandstone rock sample by using a Zeiss Xradia 500Versa 3D X ray microscope to obtain a plurality of Benthheimer sandstone gray-scale original two-dimensional images, as shown in figure 2, processing the gray-scale original two-dimensional images by using a non-local mean filtering method to enhance the characteristics of an image research area, performing threshold segmentation on the gray-scale original two-dimensional images to obtain three-phase space distribution images of oil, water and a framework, and reconstructing a rock three-dimensional space model.
Step 2, establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system based on the rock three-dimensional space model, marking oil-phase voxels, skeleton voxels and water-phase voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model, and searching the water-phase voxels by taking the oil-phase surface voxels as the center;
setting coordinate axes along the direction of the edges of the rock three-dimensional space model by taking any vertex of the rock three-dimensional space model as a coordinate origin, establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, determining the position coordinates of each voxel in the rock three-dimensional space model according to the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, marking an oil phase voxel as 0, a framework voxel as 1 and a water phase voxel as 2;
setting a coordinate origin as a starting point in a rock three-dimensional space model, sequentially selecting all oil phase voxels according to the sequence of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, setting a search step length as a voxel unit by taking a selected first oil phase surface voxel as a center, respectively extending the oil phase surface voxels in 26 directions including all directions of the rock three-dimensional space model, such as the directions, edges and angles, and searching for water phase voxels as shown in FIG. 3;
if the extended oil phase surface voxel is in contact with the water phase voxel, recording the path and the step length of the search and the shortest distance between the oil phase surface voxel and the water phase voxel, and finishing the search of the oil phase surface voxel; if the extended oil phase surface voxels are not contacted with the water phase voxels in all directions, increasing a voxel unit for the searching step length, searching the oil phase surface voxels again until the extended oil phase surface voxels are contacted with the water phase voxels for the first time, recording the path and the step length of the current searching and the shortest distance between the oil phase surface voxels and the water phase voxels which are mutually communicated, stopping searching the oil phase surface voxels, and starting searching the next oil phase surface voxel;
taking the search process of the first oil phase surface voxel as an example, after extending the oil phase surface voxel by taking the first oil phase surface voxel as a center and taking 1 voxel as a search step length, the oil phase surface voxel is not contacted with the water phase voxel, so the search step length is increased by 1 voxel, the search step length is set to 2 voxels, the search of the water phase voxel is continued by respectively extending the first oil phase surface voxel as a center along 26 directions, the extended oil phase surface voxel is firstly contacted with the water phase voxel, the path and the step length of the search and the shortest distance of the mutual communication between the oil phase surface voxel and the water phase voxel are recorded, wherein the step length is 2 voxels, the shortest distance of the mutual communication between the oil phase surface voxel and the water phase voxel is 2 voxels, the search of the first oil phase surface voxel is stopped, the search of the next oil phase surface voxel is started until the search of all the oil phase surface voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model is completed, and obtaining respective search paths, step lengths and shortest distances of all oil phase surface voxels.
setting a shortest distance cutoff value as 3 voxels according to the continuity analysis of the visualized oil-water distribution of the image, judging whether the searching process of each oil phase surface voxel is effective or not based on the shortest distance obtained by searching each oil phase surface voxel in the step 2, if the shortest distance of each oil phase surface voxel is more than the path of 3 voxels, determining that the searching process is invalid, if the shortest distance of each oil phase surface voxel is not more than the path of 3 voxels, determining that the searching process is valid, and recording the searching path determined by the searching process as a valid searching path.
Step 4, replacing all skeleton voxels in the effective search path obtained in the step 4 with water-phase voxels, and keeping the types of the rest voxels unchanged to form a real communicated rock pore channel; because the wettability of the Bentheimer rock is water-wet, skeleton voxels connected with the oil phase surface voxels without effective search paths are replaced by water phase voxels aiming at all the oil phase surface voxels without effective search paths, so that the continuity repair of the oil-water distribution of the Bentheimer sandstone CT scanning image is realized, as shown in FIG. 4, a repaired Bentheimer sandstone oil-water distribution two-dimensional cross-sectional view is shown, and as shown in FIG. 5, a repaired Bentheimer sandstone oil-water distribution three-dimensional stereo view is shown.
Step 5, verifying the oil-water distribution continuity repairing method of the rock CT scanning image;
oil phase voxels and water phase voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model are combined together to form pore voxels, pore images before and after continuous restoration of oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image are visually analyzed, a local pore image which is directly subjected to oil-water cutting and is not restored is shown in FIG. 6, a local pore image which is subjected to continuous restoration of oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image is shown in FIG. 7, and the restored pore voxels are obviously seen to have stronger connectivity through comparison, so that the effect is closer to the internal space structure of a real rock; the method comprises the steps of respectively constructing rock three-dimensional space models aiming at four sandstone samples of Bentheimer sandstone, Berea sandstone, Idaho grey sandstone and Nugget sandstone, carrying out oil-water distribution continuity restoration on each rock three-dimensional space model by adopting the method, respectively aiming at each rock three-dimensional space model, calculating absolute permeability before and after restoration by using a lattice Boltzmann method, and comparing the absolute permeability with a permeability result measured by each sandstone rock sample experiment, as shown in figure 8, obtaining that the absolute permeability after the restoration of the rock three-dimensional space model is closer to the permeability value measured by the experiment, and simultaneously reducing the average relative error of the absolute permeability from 53.8% before restoration to 10.4% after restoration, thereby verifying the accuracy of the method.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for repairing the continuity of oil and water distribution of a rock CT scanning image is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, reconstructing a rock three-dimensional space model;
step 2, establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system based on the rock three-dimensional space model, marking oil-phase voxels, skeleton voxels and water-phase voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model, and searching the water-phase voxels by taking the oil-phase surface voxels as the center;
step 3, setting a shortest distance cutoff value, determining an effective oil phase surface voxel searching process according to the shortest distance of each oil phase surface voxel, and acquiring an effective oil phase surface voxel searching path;
step 4, forming a truly communicated rock pore channel based on the effective search path, and finishing the continuity restoration of the oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image by combining the wettability of the rock;
and 5, verifying the oil-water distribution continuity repairing method of the rock CT scanning image.
2. The method for restoring the continuity of oil and water distribution of a CT scanning image of rock as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, rock samples are collected according to rock coring data, the rock samples are processed, the processed rock samples are scanned by a CT scanning device to obtain rock gray scale images, the rock gray scale images are processed by a non-local mean filtering method, and spatial distribution images of oil, water and a skeleton are obtained by performing threshold segmentation on the gray scale images to reconstruct a three-dimensional space model of the rock.
3. The method for restoring the continuity of oil and water distribution of a rock CT scanning image according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: setting coordinate axes along the direction of the edges of the rock three-dimensional space model by taking any vertex of the rock three-dimensional space model as a coordinate origin, establishing a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, determining the position coordinates of each voxel in the rock three-dimensional space model according to the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, marking an oil phase voxel as 0, a framework voxel as 1 and a water phase voxel as 2;
step 2.2: setting a coordinate origin as a starting point in a rock three-dimensional space model, sequentially selecting all oil phase voxels according to the sequence of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis, setting a search step length as a voxel by taking a selected first oil phase surface voxel as a center, respectively extending the oil phase surface voxels in the directions of each surface, the edges and the angles of the rock three-dimensional space model, and searching the water phase voxels;
step 2.3: if the extended oil phase surface voxel is in contact with the water phase voxel, recording the path and the step length of the search and the shortest distance between the oil phase surface voxel and the water phase voxel, and finishing the search of the oil phase surface voxel; if the oil phase surface voxels are not contacted with the water phase voxels after extension in all directions, increasing a voxel for the search step length, searching the oil phase surface voxels again until the extended oil phase surface voxels are contacted with the water phase voxels for the first time, recording the path and the step length of the current search and the shortest distance between the oil phase surface voxels and the water phase voxels, stopping the search of the oil phase surface voxels, starting to search the next oil phase surface voxels until the search of all the oil phase surface voxels in the rock three-dimensional space model is completed, and obtaining the respective search paths, step lengths and shortest distances of all the oil phase surface voxels.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, according to the continuity analysis of the visualized oil-water distribution of the image, the shortest distance cutoff value is set to M voxels, based on the shortest distance obtained by searching each oil-phase surface voxel in step 2, whether the search process of each oil-phase surface voxel is valid is determined, if the shortest distance of the oil-phase surface voxel is greater than the shortest distance cutoff value, the search process is determined to be invalid, if the shortest distance of the oil-phase surface voxel does not exceed the shortest distance cutoff value, the search process is determined to be valid, and the search path determined by the search process is recorded as a valid search path.
5. The method for repairing the continuity of oil and water distribution of the CT scanning image of the rock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, all skeleton voxels in the effective search path are replaced by water phase voxels, and the types of the rest voxels are kept unchanged, so that a rock pore channel which is truly communicated is formed; judging whether replacement processing is needed according to the wettability of the rock, if the wettability of the rock is non-water-wet, the replacement processing is not needed, if the wettability of the rock is water-wet, the replacement processing is carried out on all oil phase surface voxels without effective search paths, framework voxels connected with the oil phase surface voxels without the effective search paths are replaced by water phase voxels, and the continuity restoration of oil-water distribution of the CT scanning image is completed.
6. The method for restoring the continuity of the oil and water distribution of the CT scanning image of the rock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the continuity of the pores in the CT scanning image before and after restoration is analyzed, the permeability of the model before and after restoration is calculated by using a lattice Boltzmann method aiming at a plurality of three-dimensional space models of the rock, and the permeability is compared with the permeability result actually measured by using rock samples, so that the accuracy of the method for restoring the continuity of the oil and water distribution of the CT scanning image of the rock is verified.
7. The method for restoring the continuity of oil and water distribution of a CT scanning image of a rock according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the three-dimensional space model of the rock extends along each face, edge and angle for 26 directions in total.
8. The method for restoring the continuity of oil and water distribution in a rock CT scanning image according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the straight-line distance between the oil-phase surface voxel and the water-phase voxel is defined as the shortest distance between the oil-phase surface voxel and the water-phase voxel.
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| CN113899768A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-01-07 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for analyzing pore connectivity of tight sandstone core based on fluid injection |
| CN116484766A (en) * | 2023-05-15 | 2023-07-25 | 西南石油大学 | Method for establishing three-dimensional heterogeneous equivalent core model based on CT scanning |
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