CN111734532A - Filament arc plasma exciter based on swirl hole - Google Patents
Filament arc plasma exciter based on swirl hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN111734532A CN111734532A CN202010569958.8A CN202010569958A CN111734532A CN 111734532 A CN111734532 A CN 111734532A CN 202010569958 A CN202010569958 A CN 202010569958A CN 111734532 A CN111734532 A CN 111734532A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/264—Ignition
- F02C7/266—Electric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
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Abstract
A filament arc plasma exciter based on swirl holes is characterized in that an inner plasma cyclone and an outer cyclone adopt a split structure. A plurality of swirl holes are uniformly distributed on the inner layer plasma cyclone shell. 2-5 electrodes are respectively arranged in the cyclone holes through the electrode mounting seats, and the circumference of the inner layer plasma cyclone shell is divided into n arc sections with equal length. The outer layer cyclone is arranged on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma cyclone. The filamentary arc discharge is used as one of plasmas, great advantages are shown in the aspect of ignition and combustion supporting of a combustion chamber of an aeroengine, the plasma exciter is combined with the head of the combustion chamber, the ignition and combustion supporting integration can be realized, and simultaneously, the mixing of active particles generated by the plasma discharge and fuel molecules is facilitated. The invention overcomes the defect that the sliding arc plasma can not discharge when the air flow at the inlet is 0, improves the combustion efficiency, has simple structure and does not need to be provided with a special air supply system and an oil supply system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation power plasma ignition and combustion strengthening, in particular to a filament arc plasma exciter based on swirl holes.
Background
At present, most of the aircraft turbine engines used on the aircraft adopt electric sparks for ignition, and the disadvantages of the ignition mode are that: the ignition energy is small, the ignition condition is harsh, and the improvement of the performance of the aircraft engine is influenced.
In recent years, plasma ignition combustion-supporting technology has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad. Through the extensive research of experts and scholars at home and abroad, the plasma has a great advantage in the aspect of ignition and combustion supporting of an aeroengine combustion chamber. The plasma ignition just can solve the defect of ignition of the spark plug. The advantages of plasma ignition combustion supporting are proved to be: the combustion efficiency of the combustion chamber is improved, the thermal uniformity of the outlet of the combustion chamber is improved, the stable working range of the aero-engine is widened, the pollutant emission is reduced, and the fuel atomization effect is improved. For example, in the united states patent application No. WO9220913a1, a plasma ignition device and a method for intensifying combustion and stabilizing flame in a combustion chamber of an aircraft engine are disclosed, and plasma ignition combustion supporting is applied to the aircraft engine, so as to provide reference for the application of subsequent plasma ignition combustion supporting in the combustion chamber of the aircraft engine. LOWERY Andrew D., USA; SMITH James E. et al disclose a plasma-assisted combustion aircraft engine combustion chamber in US201916517090, but it is only to change and install the plasma ignition device in the position that the original spark plug ignites, do not combine plasma ignition device and aircraft engine combustion chamber head, have greatly reduced the plasma and ignited the combustion-supporting effect, the appearance structure, working principle, implementation mode of the invention have very big difference with the invention. The rotary sliding arc plasma fuel oil cracking head of the aircraft engine combustion chamber disclosed in the Chinese invention patent application with the application number of 201711344497.9 combines a plasma fuel oil cracking combustion-supporting exciter with the aircraft engine combustion chamber head, and provides reference and reference for the application of the plasma ignition combustion-supporting technology to the aircraft engine in the future, but the electrode structure, the electrode installation form, the appearance structure and the working range of the invention are all different from the invention, and the discharge area of the invention is in the area between the cathode venturi tube and the anode venturi tube, and most of the fuel oil ejected by the nozzle can not pass through the area. The invention discloses a track type sliding arc exciter based on plasma, which is disclosed in Chinese invention patent application with the application number of 201910719443.9, wherein the whole exciter of the invention is of an integrated generation structure, an electrode groove structure is arranged to be a complex spiral shape, the electrode shape is a complex spiral shape, and the influence factor of inlet airflow in the discharging process is large, so that the exciter is not beneficial to being applied to an aircraft engine combustion chamber. The invention creation with the application number of 201911272687.3 discloses a multi-anode sliding arc plasma igniter based on secondary flow of a combustion chamber and an ignition method, and the invention creation with the application number of 201911272688.8 discloses a multi-cathode sliding arc plasma igniter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the sliding arc plasma can not discharge when the air flow at the inlet is 0, the combustion efficiency is low, and a special air supply system and an oil supply system are not required to be arranged in the prior art, the invention provides a wire arc plasma exciter based on a swirl hole.
The invention comprises an inner layer plasma cyclone, an electrode for generating electric arc and an outer layer cyclone made of ceramics, wherein the inner layer plasma cyclone and the outer layer cyclone adopt a split structure. The number of the electrodes is a; a is 2-5. And the electrodes are uniformly distributed on the shell of the inner layer plasma cyclone, and are respectively arranged in the cyclone holes uniformly distributed on the shell through the electrode mounting seats. Dividing the circumference of the shell into n arc sections with equal length by each electrode, and enabling the number of swirl holes distributed on each arc section to be equal; and the number n of the arc sections is equal to the number a of the electrodes. Selecting m multiples of a from 6-15 in the number of the swirl holes; m is 2,3,4, … …. The outer layer cyclone is coaxially arranged on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma cyclone. The electrode discharge body fixing seat is installed in an electrode installation groove on the inner wall surface of the shell of the inner layer plasma cyclone.
The aperture of the swirl hole is 1 mm-4 mm, and the swirl hole has the same diameter with the electrode connector. The vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2-4 mm.
The inner-layer plasma cyclone is a funnel-shaped hollow revolving body, and an inner hole of the inner-layer plasma cyclone is a first diffusion channel. The inner plasma swirler comprises a conical section and a constant diameter section. The included angle alpha between the surface of the conical section and the center line of the shell is 20-45 degrees. The upper end surface of the conical section is a mounting surface of the outer layer swirler, an annular mounting groove is arranged on the mounting surface, and the annular mounting groove is embedded with the annular convex block on the lower surface of the outer layer swirler so as to realize unit connection between the conical section and the outer layer swirler. The lower end of the inner plasma swirler is provided with a fuel nozzle interface with the same diameter. And a plurality of strip-shaped electrode mounting grooves are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the shell of the inner-layer plasma cyclone and used for mounting the electrode mounting seats in the electrodes, and a cyclone holes provided with the electrodes are respectively positioned at the lower ends of the electrode mounting grooves.
The height of the electrode mounting groove is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, the depth is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm, and the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove is parallel to a bus of the shell.
The electrode comprises an electrode discharge body, a discharge body fixing seat and a connecting body. The discharge body fixing seat is embedded into the electrode mounting groove on the inner surface of the shell, and the inner surface of the discharge body fixing seat is attached to the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove. The mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat is positioned in the swirl hole and is mounted in the mounting hole at the center of the end face of the inner end of the connecting body in the swirl hole; the other end of the connecting body extends out of the shell. The electrode is arranged on the shell through the connection of the mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat and the mounting hole at the center of the end face at the inner end of the connector. The discharge body fixing seat is perpendicular to the connecting body. And a blind hole serving as a cable welding hole is formed in the center of the end face of the outer end of the connector.
The outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat is uniformly provided with dovetail grooves extending along the length direction of the discharge body fixing seat. The electrode discharge body with the isosceles triangle-shaped cross section is in a rectangular block shape. The included angle between the two inclined planes of the electrode discharge body forms a discharge vertex angle of the electrode discharge body; the angle beta of the discharge vertex angle is 20-50 degrees; the plane of the electrode discharge body is a matching surface matched with the outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat; and dovetail-shaped connecting blocks which are embedded with the dovetail grooves on the discharge body fixing seats are distributed on the plane.
The diameter of the connector is the same as that of the swirl hole and is 1-4 mm; the length of the connector is 5 mm-15 mm. The length of the discharge body fixing seat is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm.
And the lower end surface of the blade type centrifugal cyclone in the outer cyclone is provided with an installation convex block matched with the annular installation groove on the upper end surface of the inner plasma cyclone.
The electrode is made of tungsten-copper alloy material; the inner plasma swirler and the outer swirler are both made of ceramic materials; the cable conductive column of the electrode power supply cable is made of silver-plated copper wires; the insulating layer of the electrode power supply cable is made of FEP materials.
Filamentary arc discharge, as one of the plasmas, has been applied in the technical fields of hydrogen production by hydrolysis, sewage treatment, spraying and the like. Through research and experiments of the inventor, the filiform arc discharge has great advantages in the ignition combustion supporting aspect of the combustion chamber of the aircraft engine, and the advantages are as follows: the plasma exciter is combined with the combustion chamber head, so that ignition and combustion supporting integration can be realized, and simultaneously, mixing of active particles generated by plasma discharge and fuel molecules is facilitated.
The invention has simple structure and obvious production effect, and is arranged in an aeroengine combustion chamber for experimental research, and the research result shows that compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the gas flow at the inlet of the combustion chamber has no special requirement, and the discharge can be realized under any inflow condition. The experimental process verifies that the electrode can discharge when the air flow at the inlet of the combustion chamber is 0, the corrosion to the electrode is small, and the defect that the sliding arc plasma can not discharge when the air flow at the inlet of the combustion chamber is 0 is overcome.
2. The plasma ignition combustion-supporting device is combined with the aircraft engine principle head, and ignition combustion-supporting integration is realized. After fuel oil is sprayed out of a fuel oil nozzle and immediately contacts with a filament arc, high-energy electrons and excited-state particles generated by filament arc discharge collide with fuel oil molecules to crack the fuel oil molecules into small molecules with low carbon chains, and after filament arc plasma discharge is carried out, under the condition that the discharge voltage is 240V, C is obtained2H6The volume ratio of (A) is increased from 34.3% to 36.1% of 160V. And C5The volume ratio of H12 is reduced from 12.5% of 160V to 9.8%. After the wire arc plasma is implemented, under the working conditions that the discharge voltage is 240V and the residual gas coefficient is 0.6, the grain diameter of the fuel oil is reduced by 5.59 mu m.
3. The invention utilizes the processes of thermal ionization, photoionization and the like of gas in the process of filamentary arc discharge to generate a large amount of high-energy electrons and particles with chemical activity, such as ozone atoms, ozone, ions and active groups, to participate in combustion reaction, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the combustion chamber of the aero-engine, improving the thermal uniformity of the outlet of the combustion chamber of the aero-engine, improving the ignition reliability and widening the stable working range of the aero-engine. Experimental research shows that after the wire arc plasma discharge is carried out, when the discharge voltage is 240V and the residual gas coefficient is 0.6, the combustion efficiency is improved by 2.98 percent.
4. The invention has reasonable component arrangement, air and fuel oil are fully mixed after passing through the swirl holes and then enter the first diffusion channel, so that electric arc is fully contacted with atomized fuel oil and air, the ignition delay time can be reduced, under the same inflow condition, the filamentary electric arc ignition delay time is obviously lower than the common electric spark ignition delay time, and under the condition that the inlet air flow rate is 23.3m/s, the filamentary electric arc ignition delay time is 27.2ms which is 55.1ms lower than the common electric spark ignition delay time.
5. The invention comprehensively considers various factors such as practicability, processability and the like, is designed on the basis of not changing the structure and the size of the combustion chamber of the original aero-engine, and only needs to replace the original head part, thereby having the advantages that; good interchangeability; meanwhile, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, reasonable component arrangement, strong practicability and convenient processing
6. The working medium is the mixed gas of the aviation kerosene and the air, the air supply system of the aviation engine is used for supplying air, the fuel sprayed by the fuel nozzle is atomized and then mixed with the air to be used as the working medium, and a special air supply system and an oil supply system are not required to be arranged.
7. The discharge mode adopted by the invention is point-to-point discharge between the electrodes, and because the anode and the cathode of the electrode are symmetrically distributed in the swirl hole, point-to-point filamentary arc discharge can be formed between the symmetrical cathode and the symmetrical anode after the electrode is electrified, and the discharge mode is novel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an isometric view of an inner plasma swirler.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the section a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the inner plasma swirler.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the section B-B in fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an outer layer cyclone.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an electrode in example 1.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the section C-C in fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the fitting of the discharge body mounting seat and the connecting body.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the electrode discharge in example 1.
FIG. 11 is a top view of an electrode discharge in example 1.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of section D-D in fig. 1.
Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of an electrode in example 2.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of the entire structure in example 2.
FIG. 15 is a graph of low carbon chain molecular weight ratio as a function of discharge voltage.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the variation of the average particle size of fuel spray with discharge voltage.
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the combustion efficiency of a combustion chamber varying with the discharge voltage.
FIG. 18 is a graph comparing spark and wire arc ignition delay times.
In the figure: 1. an inner plasma swirler; 2. an electrode; 3. an outer swirler; 4. a fuel nozzle interface; 5. a swirl hole; 6. a housing; 7. an electrode mounting groove; 8. a first diffusion channel; 9. an annular mounting groove; 10. a linker; 11. a discharge body fixing seat mounting hole; 12. a cable welding hole; 13. mounting blocks; 14. a discharge body fixing seat; 15. a dovetail groove; 16. a dovetail-shaped connecting block; 17. an electrode discharge body; 18. an annular mounting boss; 19. a rear-end interface; 20. a vane-type centrifugal swirler; 21. a semi-cylindrical electrode discharge; 22.C2H6The volume ratio is along with the discharge voltage variation curve; 23.C4H10The volume ratio is along with the discharge voltage variation curve; 24.C3H8The volume ratio is along with the discharge voltage variation curve; 25.C5H12The volume ratio is along with the discharge voltage variation curve; 26. the variation curve of the average particle size of fuel spray along with the discharge voltage; 27. the combustion efficiency of the combustion chamber changes with the discharge voltage; 28. the wire arc ignition delay time is along with the change curve of the air flow rate; 29. the variation curve of the delay time of the ordinary electric spark ignition along with the air flow rate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment is a wire arc plasma exciter based on a swirl hole, which comprises an inner layer plasma swirler 1, an electrode 2 for generating electric arc and an outer layer swirler 3 made of ceramic, wherein the inner layer plasma swirler 1 and the outer layer swirler 3 adopt a split structure.
The number of the electrodes 2 is a; a is 2-5. The electrodes are uniformly distributed on the shell and are respectively arranged in the rotational flow holes uniformly distributed on the shell. The circumference of the shell is divided into n arc sections with equal length by each electrode, and the number of swirl holes distributed on the n arc sections is equal. The number of the swirl holes 5 is selected from 6-15 to be m times of a; m is 2,3,4, … ….
A plurality of swirl holes 5 are uniformly distributed on the shell 6; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2-4 mm. The diameter of the swirl hole is 1 mm-4 mm, and is the same as that of the electrode connector 10.
In this embodiment, there are two electrodes 2. The two electrodes divide the circumference of the housing into two arc segments of equal length. The number of the swirl holes 5 is selected from 6-15 and is m times of 2, and the number of the swirl holes is 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14, so that the number of the swirl holes distributed on the two arc sections is equal. In this embodiment, the number of the swirl holes is 10, and the number of the swirl holes distributed on the two arc segments is 4.
In the embodiment, the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2 mm; the aperture of each swirl hole is 2 mm.
The 2 electrodes are symmetrically arranged in two rotational flow holes on the shell. The outer layer cyclone 3 is arranged on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma cyclone 1. The inner plasma swirler 1 is coaxial with the outer swirler 3. The electrode discharge body fixing seat 14 is installed in an electrode installation groove 7 of the inner wall surface of the shell 6 of the inner layer plasma cyclone.
The inner plasma cyclone 1 is a funnel-shaped hollow revolving body and is made of ceramic materials, and an inner hole of the inner plasma cyclone is a first diffusion channel 8. The inner plasma swirler 1 comprises a conical section and a constant diameter section. The included angle alpha between the surface of the conical section and the center line of the shell is 20-45 degrees, so that the best discharge effect is obtained. The upper end surface of the conical section is a mounting surface of the outer layer swirler 3, an annular mounting groove 9 is arranged on the mounting surface, and the annular mounting groove is embedded with an annular convex block on the lower surface of the outer layer swirler so as to realize unit connection between the two. The lower end of the inner layer plasma swirler 1 is provided with a fuel nozzle interface 4 with the same diameter. A plurality of strip-shaped electrode mounting grooves 7 are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the shell 6 of the inner-layer plasma cyclone, and are used for mounting electrode mounting seats 14 in the electrodes 2, and two swirl holes provided with the electrodes are respectively positioned at the lower ends of the electrode mounting grooves 7; the connecting body in the electrode 2 is arranged in each of the two swirl holes. The height of the electrode mounting groove 7 is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, the depth is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm, and the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove 7 is parallel to a bus of the shell 6. In this embodiment, the number of the electrode mounting grooves 7 is 2.
In the embodiment, the number of the swirl holes 5 is 10, the aperture is 2mm, and the number of the swirl holes distributed on each arc section between the two electrodes is 4; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the inner layer plasma shell is 2 mm. The height of the electrode mounting groove 7 is 7mm, the width is 2mm, and the depth is 0.5 mm. The angle α between the conical section of the housing 6 and the centre line of the housing is 20 °.
The electrode 2 comprises an electrode discharge body 17, a discharge body fixing seat 14 and a connecting body 10. The discharge body fixing seat 14 is embedded in the electrode mounting groove 7 on the inner surface of the shell, and the inner surface of the discharge body fixing seat is attached to the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove. The mounting block 13 at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat is positioned in the swirl hole 5 and is arranged in the mounting hole 11 at the center of the end face of the inner end of the connecting body 10 in the swirl hole; the other end of the connector extends outside the housing 6. The electrode 2 is arranged on the shell through the connection of the mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat and the mounting hole at the center of the end face at the inner end of the connector, and the quick replacement of the electrode discharge body can be realized. The discharge body fixing seat is perpendicular to the connecting body.
The outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is uniformly provided with dovetail grooves 15 extending along the length direction of the discharge body fixing seat. The electrode discharge body 17 with the isosceles triangle-shaped cross section is in a rectangular block shape. The included angle between the two inclined planes of the electrode discharge body forms a discharge vertex angle of the electrode discharge body; the angle beta of the discharge vertex angle is 20-50 degrees; the plane of the electrode discharge body is a matching surface matched with the outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat 14; on the plane, dovetail-shaped connecting blocks 16 are arranged, which are embedded with the dovetail grooves 15 on the discharge body fixing seats.
And a blind hole serving as a cable welding hole 12 is formed in the center of the end face at the other end of the connecting body 10 and is used for being connected with a cable through a quick connector. During assembly, will the connector 10 of electrode 2 is fixed in the whirl hole 5 of casing 6, the one end that connector 10 and electrode supply cable are connected is provided with the cable welding hole 12 corresponding with the public head of quick-operation joint, through quick-operation joint together with cable junction, the other end of connector 10 has the mounting hole 11 of discharging body fixing base 14, is in the same place with the installation piece 13 cooperation of discharging body fixing base 14 lower surface to can realize the quick replacement of electrode discharge body.
The diameter of the connecting body 10 is the same as that of the swirl hole 5 and is 1-4 mm; the length of the connecting body 10 is 5 mm-15 mm. The length of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the connector 10 is 2mm, and the length thereof is 10 mm; the length of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is 7mm, the width is 2mm, and the thickness is 0.5 m.
The outer swirler 3 is of the prior art and comprises a vane-type centrifugal swirler 20 and a rear-end interface 19. The vaned centrifugal swirler 20 and aft port 19 are as in the prior art. The lower end surface of the vane type centrifugal swirler 20 is provided with a mounting convex block 18 which is matched with the annular mounting groove 9 on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma swirler 1.
In this embodiment, the electrode 2 is made of a tungsten-copper alloy material; the inner plasma swirler 1 and the outer swirler 3 are both made of ceramic materials; the cable conductive column of the electrode power supply cable is made of silver-plated copper wires; the insulating layer of the electrode power supply cable is made of FEP materials.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: fuel oil is sprayed into the first diffusion channel 8 through the fuel nozzle interface 4, air upwards enters the first diffusion channel 8 through the swirl holes 5 in a rotating mode at an inclination angle of 10-20 degrees and a tangential angle of 15-25 degrees, and the fuel oil and the air are fully mixed in a swirling mode in the first diffusion channel 8. At the same time, the electrode 2 located in the first diffusion channel 8 generates a filamentary arc in the first diffusion channel 8, the path of which reaches exactly this discharge region after the initial atomization of the fuel through the fuel nozzle. The gas is utilized to generate a large amount of high-energy electrons and particles with chemical activity, such as ozone atoms, ozone, ions, active groups and the like, to participate in combustion reaction in the processes of thermal ionization, photoionization and the like in the process of filamentary arc discharge, so that the combustion efficiency of the combustion chamber of the aero-engine is improved, the thermal uniformity of the outlet of the combustion chamber of the aero-engine is improved, the ignition reliability is improved, and the stable working range of the aero-engine is widened. In the discharging process, high-energy electrons collide with fuel molecules to break carbon chains of fuel macromolecules into micromolecules and active particles with low carbon chains, so that the cracking of aviation kerosene is accelerated, the mixing uniformity of fuel and air is improved, and the chemical reaction rate is improved.
Example 2
The embodiment is a wire arc plasma exciter based on a swirl hole, which comprises an inner layer plasma swirler 1, an electrode 2 for generating electric arc and an outer layer swirler 3 made of ceramic, wherein the inner layer plasma swirler 1 and the outer layer swirler 3 adopt a split structure. The number of the electrodes 2 is a; a is 2-5. The electrodes are uniformly distributed on the shell and are respectively arranged in the rotational flow holes uniformly distributed on the shell. The circumference of the shell is divided into n arc sections with equal length by each electrode, and the number of swirl holes distributed on the n arc sections is equal. The number of the swirl holes 5 is selected from 6-15 to be m times of a; m is 2,3,4 … ….
A plurality of swirl holes 5 are uniformly distributed on the shell 6; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2-4 mm. The diameter of the swirl hole is 1 mm-4 mm, and is the same as that of the electrode connector 10.
In this embodiment, there are three electrodes 2. The three electrodes divide the circumference of the housing into 3 arc segments of equal length. The number of the swirl holes 5 is 6 to 15, wherein m times of 3 are selected from 6 to 15, and the number of the swirl holes is 6, 9, 12 or 15, so that the number of the swirl holes distributed on the three arc sections is equal. In this embodiment, the number of the swirl holes distributed on each arc segment is 9, so that the number of the swirl holes distributed on each arc segment is 2.
In the embodiment, the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2 mm; the aperture of each swirl hole is 2 mm.
The outer layer cyclone 3 is arranged on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma cyclone 1. The inner plasma swirler 1 is coaxial with the outer swirler 3. The electrode discharge body fixing seat 14 is installed in an electrode installation groove 7 of the inner wall surface of the shell 6 of the inner layer plasma cyclone.
The inner plasma cyclone 1 is a funnel-shaped hollow revolving body and is made of ceramic materials, and an inner hole of the inner plasma cyclone is a first diffusion channel 8. The inner plasma swirler 1 comprises a conical section and a constant diameter section. The included angle alpha between the surface of the conical section and the central line of the shell is 20-45 degrees so as to obtain the best discharge effect. The upper end surface of the conical section is a mounting surface of the outer layer swirler 3, an annular mounting groove 9 is arranged on the mounting surface, and the annular mounting groove is embedded with an annular convex block on the lower surface of the outer layer swirler so as to realize unit connection between the two. The lower end of the inner layer plasma swirler 1 is provided with a fuel nozzle interface 4 with the same diameter. A plurality of strip-shaped electrode mounting grooves 7 are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the shell 6 of the inner-layer plasma cyclone and used for mounting electrode mounting seats 14 in the electrodes 2; the number of the electrode mounting grooves is the same as that of the electrodes, and each swirl hole provided with the electrode is respectively positioned at the lower end of each electrode mounting groove 7; the connecting body in the electrode 2 is arranged in each of the three swirl holes. The height of the electrode mounting groove 7 is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, the depth is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm, and the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove 7 is parallel to a bus of the shell 6. In this embodiment, the number of the electrode mounting grooves 7 is 3.
In the embodiment, the number of the swirl holes 5 is 9, the aperture is 2mm, and the number of the swirl holes distributed on each arc section among the three electrodes is 2; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the inner layer plasma shell is 2 mm. The height of the electrode mounting groove 7 is 7mm, the width is 2mm, and the depth is 0.5 mm. The angle alpha between the conical section of the housing 6 and the centre line of the housing is 35 deg..
The electrode 2 comprises an electrode discharge body 17, a discharge body fixing seat 14 and a connecting body 10. The discharge body fixing seat 14 is embedded in the electrode mounting groove 7 on the inner surface of the shell of the inner plasma cyclone, and the inner surface of the discharge body fixing seat is attached to the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove. The mounting block 13 at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat is positioned in the swirl hole 5 and is arranged in the mounting hole 11 at the center of the end face of the inner end of the connecting body 10 in the swirl hole; the other end of the connector extends outside the housing 6. The electrode 2 is arranged on the shell through the connection of the mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat and the mounting hole at the center of the end face at the inner end of the connector, and the quick replacement of the electrode discharge body can be realized. The discharge body fixing seat is perpendicular to the connecting body.
The outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is uniformly provided with dovetail grooves 15 extending along the length direction of the discharge body fixing seat. The electrode discharge body 21 having a semi-cylindrical cross section is rectangular block-shaped. The diameter of the semi-cylindrical discharge body is 1 mm-4 mm; the discharge vertex angle of the electrode discharge body divides the discharge body into two equal arcs; the plane of the electrode discharge body is a matching surface matched with the outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat 14; on the plane, dovetail-shaped connecting blocks 16 are arranged, which are embedded with the dovetail grooves 15 on the discharge body fixing seats. In this example, the diameter of the semi-cylindrical discharge body was 2 mm.
And a blind hole serving as a cable welding hole 12 is formed in the center of the end face at the other end of the connecting body 10 and is used for being connected with a cable through a quick connector. During assembly, will the connector 10 of electrode 2 is fixed in the whirl hole 5 of casing 6, the one end that connector 10 and electrode supply cable are connected is provided with the cable welding hole 12 corresponding with the public head of quick-operation joint, through quick-operation joint together with cable junction, the other end of connector 10 has the mounting hole 11 of discharging body fixing base 14, is in the same place with the installation piece 13 cooperation of discharging body fixing base 14 lower surface to can realize the quick replacement of electrode discharge body.
The diameter of the connecting body 10 is the same as that of the swirl hole 5 and is 1-4 mm; the length of the connecting body 10 is 5 mm-15 mm. The length of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the connector 10 is 2mm, and the length thereof is 10 mm; the length of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is 7mm, the width is 2mm, and the thickness is 0.5 m.
The outer swirler 3 is of the prior art and comprises a vane-type centrifugal swirler 20 and a rear-end interface 19. The vaned centrifugal swirler 20 and aft port 19 are as in the prior art. The lower end surface of the vane type centrifugal swirler 20 is provided with a mounting boss 18 which is matched with the annular mounting groove 9 on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma swirler 1.
In this embodiment, the electrode 2 is made of a tungsten-copper alloy material; the inner plasma swirler 1 and the outer swirler 3 are both made of ceramic materials; the cable conductive column of the electrode power supply cable is made of silver-plated copper wires; the insulating layer of the electrode power supply cable is made of FEP materials.
Example 3
The embodiment is a wire arc plasma exciter based on a swirl hole, which comprises an inner layer plasma swirler 1, an electrode 2 for generating electric arc and an outer layer swirler 3 made of ceramic, wherein the inner layer plasma swirler 1 and the outer layer swirler 3 adopt a split structure.
The number of the electrodes 2 is a; a is 2-5. The electrodes are uniformly distributed on the shell and are respectively arranged in the rotational flow holes uniformly distributed on the shell. The circumference of the shell is divided into n arc sections with equal length by each electrode, and the number of swirl holes distributed on the n arc sections is equal. The number of the swirl holes 5 is selected from 6-15 to be m times of a; m is 2,3,4, … ….
A plurality of swirl holes 5 are uniformly distributed on the shell 6; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2-4 mm. The diameter of the swirl hole is 1 mm-4 mm, and is the same as that of the electrode connector 10.
In this embodiment, there are five electrodes 2. The five electrodes divide the circumference of the housing into five equal length arc segments. The number of the swirl holes 5 is 10 or 15, and is selected from 6-15 by the number of m of 5, so that the number of the swirl holes distributed on the five arc sections is equal. In this embodiment, the number of the swirl holes is 15, and the number of the swirl holes distributed on each arc segment is 2.
In the embodiment, the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2 mm; the aperture of each swirl hole is 2 mm.
The 5 electrodes are symmetrically arranged in five rotational flow holes on the shell. The outer layer cyclone 3 is arranged on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma cyclone 1. The inner plasma swirler 1 is coaxial with the outer swirler 3. The electrode discharge body fixing seat 14 is installed in an electrode installation groove 7 of the inner wall surface of the shell 6 of the inner layer plasma cyclone.
The inner plasma cyclone 1 is a funnel-shaped hollow revolving body and is made of ceramic materials, and an inner hole of the inner plasma cyclone is a first diffusion channel 8. The inner plasma swirler 1 comprises a conical section and a constant diameter section. The included angle alpha between the surface of the conical section and the center line of the shell is 20-45 degrees, so that the best discharge effect is obtained. The upper end surface of the conical section is a mounting surface of the outer layer swirler 3, an annular mounting groove 9 is arranged on the mounting surface, and the annular mounting groove is embedded with an annular convex block on the lower surface of the outer layer swirler so as to realize unit connection between the two. The lower end of the inner layer plasma swirler 1 is provided with a fuel nozzle interface 4 with the same diameter. A plurality of strip-shaped electrode mounting grooves 7 are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of a shell 6 of the inner-layer plasma cyclone, and are used for mounting electrode mounting seats 14 in the electrodes 2, and five swirl holes for mounting the electrodes are respectively positioned at the lower ends of the electrode mounting grooves 7; the connecting body in the electrode 2 is arranged in each of the five swirl holes. The height of the electrode mounting groove 7 is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, the depth is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm, and the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove 7 is parallel to a bus of the shell 6. In this embodiment, the number of the electrode mounting grooves 7 is 5.
In the embodiment, the number of the swirl holes 5 is 15, the aperture is 2mm, and the number of the swirl holes distributed on each arc section among five electrodes is 2; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the inner layer plasma shell is 2 mm. The height of the electrode mounting groove 7 is 7mm, the width is 2mm, and the depth is 0.5 mm. The angle alpha between the conical section of the housing 6 and the centre line of the housing is 45 deg..
The electrode 2 comprises an electrode discharge body 17, a discharge body fixing seat 14 and a connecting body 10. The discharge body fixing seat 14 is embedded in the electrode mounting groove 7 on the inner surface of the shell, and the inner surface of the discharge body fixing seat is attached to the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove. The mounting block 13 at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat is positioned in the swirl hole 5 and is arranged in the mounting hole 11 at the center of the end face of the inner end of the connecting body 10 in the swirl hole; the other end of the connector extends outside the housing 6. The electrode 2 is arranged on the shell through the connection of the mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat and the mounting hole at the center of the end face at the inner end of the connector, and the quick replacement of the electrode discharge body can be realized. The discharge body fixing seat is perpendicular to the connecting body.
The outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is uniformly provided with dovetail grooves 15 extending along the length direction of the discharge body fixing seat. The electrode discharge body 17 with the isosceles triangle-shaped cross section is in a rectangular block shape. The included angle between the two inclined planes of the electrode discharge body forms a discharge vertex angle of the electrode discharge body; the angle beta of the discharge vertex angle is 20-50 degrees; the plane of the electrode discharge body is a matching surface matched with the outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat 14; on the plane, dovetail-shaped connecting blocks 16 are arranged, which are embedded with the dovetail grooves 15 on the discharge body fixing seats.
And a blind hole serving as a cable welding hole 12 is formed in the center of the end face at the other end of the connecting body 10 and is used for being connected with a cable through a quick connector. During assembly, will the connector 10 of electrode 2 is fixed in the whirl hole 5 of casing 6, the one end that connector 10 and electrode supply cable are connected is provided with the cable welding hole 12 corresponding with the public head of quick-operation joint, through quick-operation joint together with cable junction, the other end of connector 10 has the mounting hole 11 of discharging body fixing base 14, is in the same place with the installation piece 13 cooperation of discharging body fixing base 14 lower surface to can realize the quick replacement of electrode discharge body.
The diameter of the connecting body 10 is the same as that of the swirl hole 5 and is 1-4 mm; the length of the connecting body 10 is 5 mm-15 mm. The length of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the connector 10 is 2mm, and the length thereof is 10 mm; the length of the discharge body fixing seat 14 is 7mm, the width is 2mm, and the thickness is 0.5 m.
The outer swirler 3 is of the prior art and comprises a vane-type centrifugal swirler 20 and a rear-end interface 19. The vaned centrifugal swirler 20 and aft port 19 are as in the prior art. The lower end surface of the vane type centrifugal swirler 20 is provided with a mounting convex block 18 which is matched with the annular mounting groove 9 on the upper end surface of the inner layer plasma swirler 1.
In this embodiment, the electrode 2 is made of a tungsten-copper alloy material; the inner plasma swirler 1 and the outer swirler 3 are both made of ceramic materials; the cable conductive column of the electrode power supply cable is made of silver-plated copper wires; the insulating layer of the electrode power supply cable is made of FEP materials.
Claims (9)
1. A filamentary arc plasma exciter based on swirl holes is characterized by comprising an inner plasma cyclone, an electrode for generating electric arc and an outer cyclone made of ceramics, wherein the inner plasma cyclone and the outer cyclone adopt split structures; the number of the electrodes is a; a is 2-5; the electrodes are uniformly distributed on the shell of the inner plasma cyclone, and are respectively arranged in the cyclone holes uniformly distributed on the shell through the electrode mounting seats; dividing the circumference of the shell into n arc sections with equal length by each electrode, and enabling the number of swirl holes distributed on each arc section to be equal; the number n of the arc sections is equal to the number a of the electrodes; selecting m multiples of a from 6-15 in the number of the swirl holes; m is 2,3,4, … …; the outer-layer cyclone is arranged on the upper end surface of the inner-layer plasma cyclone; the inner plasma cyclone is coaxial with the outer cyclone; the electrode discharge body fixing seat is installed in an electrode installation groove on the inner wall surface of the shell of the inner layer plasma cyclone.
2. The spiral-orifice-based wire arc plasma exciter according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the spiral orifice is 1mm to 4mm, and is the same as that of the electrode connector; the vertical distance between the center of each swirl hole and the lower end face of the shell is 2-4 mm.
3. The swirl hole-based wire arc plasma exciter of claim 1, wherein the inner plasma swirler is a funnel-shaped hollow rotator with an inner hole as a first diffusion channel; the inner plasma cyclone comprises a conical section and an equal-diameter section; the included angle alpha between the surface of the conical section and the central line of the shell is 20-45 degrees; the upper end surface of the conical section is a mounting surface of the outer layer swirler, an annular mounting groove is arranged on the mounting surface, and the annular mounting groove is embedded with an annular convex block on the lower surface of the outer layer swirler so as to realize unit connection between the conical section and the outer layer swirler; the lower end of the inner plasma swirler is provided with a fuel nozzle interface with the same diameter; and a plurality of strip-shaped electrode mounting grooves are uniformly distributed on the inner surface of the shell of the inner-layer plasma cyclone and used for mounting the electrode mounting seats in the electrodes, and two swirl holes provided with the electrodes are respectively positioned at the lower ends of the electrode mounting grooves.
4. The swirl hole-based wire arc plasma exciter according to claim 3, wherein the electrode mounting groove has a height of 5mm to 10mm, a width of 1mm to 4mm and a depth of 0.4mm to 0.6mm, and a groove bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove is parallel to a bus bar of the housing.
5. The swirl hole-based wire arc plasma actuator of claim 1 wherein the electrode comprises an electrode discharge, a discharge holder, and a connector; the discharge body fixing seat is embedded into the electrode mounting groove on the inner surface of the shell, and the inner surface of the discharge body fixing seat is attached to the bottom surface of the electrode mounting groove; the mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat is positioned in the swirl hole and is mounted in the mounting hole at the center of the end face of the inner end of the connecting body in the swirl hole; the other end of the connecting body extends out of the shell; the electrode is arranged on the shell through the connection of the mounting block at the lower end of the discharge body fixing seat and the mounting hole at the center of the end face of the inner end of the connecting body; the discharge body fixing seat is vertical to the connecting body; and a blind hole serving as a cable welding hole is formed in the center of the end face of the outer end of the connector.
6. The spiral-orifice-based wire arc plasma exciter according to claim 5, wherein dovetail grooves extending along the length direction of the discharge body fixing seat are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat; the electrode discharge body with the isosceles triangle-shaped cross section is in a rectangular block shape; the included angle between the two inclined planes of the electrode discharge body forms a discharge vertex angle of the electrode discharge body; the angle beta of the discharge vertex angle is 20-50 degrees; the plane of the electrode discharge body is a matching surface matched with the outer surface of the discharge body fixing seat; and dovetail-shaped connecting blocks which are embedded with the dovetail grooves on the discharge body fixing seats are distributed on the plane.
7. The swirl hole-based wire arc plasma exciter of claim 5, wherein the diameter of the connecting body is the same as that of the swirl hole and is 1mm to 4 mm; the length of the connector is 5 mm-15 mm; the length of the discharge body fixing seat is 5 mm-10 mm, the width is 1 mm-4 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm-0.6 mm.
8. The swirl hole-based wire arc plasma exciter of claim 1, wherein the lower end surface of the centrifugal swirler of the blades in the outer swirler has a mounting projection which is matched with the annular mounting groove on the upper end surface of the inner swirler.
9. The swirl hole-based wire arc plasma actuator of claim 1 wherein the electrode is made of a tungsten copper alloy material; the inner plasma swirler and the outer swirler are both made of ceramic materials; the cable conductive column of the electrode power supply cable is made of silver-plated copper wires; the insulating layer of the electrode power supply cable is made of FEP materials.
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