CN111732945A - Thick oil viscosity reducer, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Thick oil viscosity reducer, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a thick oil viscosity reducer, which is nano SiO2The silane coupling agent is modified to graft the composite material of the polymer; the polymer is a methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester-acrylamide copolymer; the long-chain alkyl methacrylate-acrylamide copolymer is characterized in that the long-chain alkyl in the long-chain alkyl methacrylate is an alkyl with 10-25 carbon atoms. The thick oil viscosity reducer utilizes a special surface effect to enable the thick oil viscosity reducer to be used as a nucleation point to adsorb wax to be crystallized and separated out on the surface, so that the crystallization behavior of the wax is changed, and the original three-dimensional network structure of wax crystals is destroyed; all in oneWhen the thick oil is used, the strong polar groups on the surfaces of the nanoparticles adsorb colloid and asphaltene through hydrogen bond action to form a solvolysis layer on the surfaces of the nanoparticles, and the solvolysis layer can prevent wax crystals from being connected to form a net structure and can also break up a plane overlapped laying structure of the colloid and the gradually-blue substance, so that the viscosity of the thick oil is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a thick oil viscosity reducer, belonging to the field of oil exploitation.
Background
With the rapid development of world economy and science and technology, the demand of modern society for energy is increasing day by day, and although the development and utilization of new energy are rapidly rising, the world energy supply still needs to be satisfied by fossil energy for a long time since a considerable distance is left from mature application. Among them, petroleum, which is the most widely used fossil energy, is of self-evident importance and is called "blood" in modern industry. Besides providing energy for vehicles and power systems, the energy-saving energy-.
The increasing demand causes the exploitation of petroleum resources in large quantities, which leads to the rapid decrease of petroleum reserves, especially light crude oil reserves, so that the exploitation and utilization of crude oil with slightly poor quality, such as heavy oil, highly waxy crude oil, and the like, are receiving more and more attention from countries in the world. It is estimated that the reserves of heavy oil (including bitumen) worldwide are about six times that of the conventional light crude oil which has been ascertained, and by the middle of this century, heavy oil and ultra-heavy oil will account for over 50% of the world's energy supply, and future societal demands for oil will be met by heavy oil. China's thick oil resources are also quite rich, according to statistics, China's thick oil resources have proved that the reserves are about 40 hundred million tons, the estimated total reserves are 300 hundred million tons, and the key points are distributed in oil fields such as Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Henan and Xinjiang.
The thick oil has complex composition, contains a large amount of macromolecular organic matters such as wax, colloid, asphaltene and the like and a small amount of heavy metal, so that the density and the viscosity of the thick oil are far higher than those of light crude oil, the thick oil has poor fluidity at normal temperature, and is extremely difficult to recover and transport, and the industrial cost is high. Therefore, the reduction of the viscosity of the thick oil and the enhancement of the fluidity of the thick oil become the hot and difficult problems of the chemical research of oil fields in recent years.
The difficulty in heavy oil reservoir exploitation is mainly manifested in two aspects: on one hand, the viscosity of the thick oil is high, and the seepage resistance of the thick oil in an oil layer is large, so that the thick oil cannot flow into the bottom of a well from an oil reservoir; on the other hand, even under the oil reservoir condition, the heavy oil can flow into the bottom of the well, but in the process of vertical lifting and outward transportation, a series of external factors further increase the viscosity of the heavy oil, and the recovery and utilization of the heavy oil are seriously influenced. The viscosity reduction conveying method for thick oil at home and abroad is mainly divided into a physical method and a chemical method. The physical method is that the thickened oil is always kept at a higher temperature by heating station by station, so that the thickened oil has better fluidity; the chemical methods mainly comprise an emulsification viscosity-reducing method and a viscosity-reducing agent viscosity-reducing method.
The method for reducing viscosity by heating has the problems of large energy consumption, high equipment investment cost and difficult stop and restart; the emulsification viscosity reduction method needs a large amount of water, and the post-treatment procedure is complex and difficult; the viscosity reducer viscosity reduction method changes the internal structure composition of the thickened oil and disperses large-size aggregates by adding a small amount of chemical additives, so that the viscosity of the thickened oil is reduced, the internal friction resistance is reduced, and the fluidity of the thickened oil is enhanced.
Among the chemical viscosity reducers studied at present, the oil-soluble viscosity reducers are mainly ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, (methyl) acrylic acid higher alcohol acetate polymers, styrene-maleic anhydride-acrylic acid higher alcohol ester multipolymers and derivatives of the three polymers, and the oil-soluble viscosity reducers have considerable effects when being applied to specific thickened oil. However, the following disadvantages also exist: firstly, the oil-soluble viscosity reducer has strong selectivity, and a certain viscosity reducer or a certain viscosity reducer can only be suitable for specific thick oil, and the oil-soluble viscosity reducer is generally not suitable for high-wax-content thick oil; secondly, the oil-soluble viscosity reducer can play a role only by being completely dissolved, a large amount of solvent is needed, and the dissolution is difficult when the oil-soluble viscosity reducer is used on site, so that the effect is limited; and thirdly, the viscosity reduction rate is relatively lower than that of a physical viscosity reduction method, and the single application cannot meet the requirements of exploitation and transportation. Therefore, the development of a viscosity reducer with good viscosity reducing performance and less solvent consumption is urgently needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application, a composite viscosity reducer is provided, and the composite viscosity reducer is an organic/inorganic nano composite material and is a novel thick oil chemical viscosity reducer. The viscosity reducer not only has the characteristics of oil-soluble viscosity reducer dispersing colloid and asphaltene aggregation state, but also can effectively improve the crystallization state of wax due to the special nano effect, and has quite good viscosity reducing effect on thick oil, especially high-wax thick oil.
Selecting proper silane coupling agent to nano SiO2Surface pre-modification is carried out, and then proper organic matters containing polar groups are selected and grafted on the nano SiO2The silane coupling agent on the surface reacts, and aims to graft a group which can form stronger ammonia bond with colloid and asphaltene, thereby blocking the self-aggregation of the groups to form a group of a large-scale association body and further improving the content of organic components on the surface of the nano particles. Thus, the special surface effect and nucleation effect of the nano particles are utilized to adsorb wax to be crystallized and separated out on the surface of the nano particles, the form of the wax and the development process of a network structure are influenced, and the purpose of reducing viscosity is achieved by means of the capability of dispersing colloid and asphaltene aggregates by the organic long chain. The thick oil viscosity reducer is nano SiO2The silane coupling agent is modified to graft the composite material of the polymer;
the polymer is a methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester-acrylamide copolymer;
the long-chain alkyl methacrylate-acrylamide copolymer is characterized in that the long-chain alkyl in the long-chain alkyl methacrylate is an alkyl with 10-25 carbon atoms.
Optionally, the long chain alkyl methacrylate is selected from at least one of lauryl methacrylate, myristyl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, eicosyl methacrylate, docosyl methacrylate.
Optionally, the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris (beta-methoxyethoxy) silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
Optionally, the nano SiO2The particle size of (A) is 25 to 35 nm.
Optionally, the particle size of the composite material is 50-100 nm.
Optionally, in the composite material, nano SiO2The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the polymer is 1:2: 20-30.
Optionally, in the composite material, nano SiO2The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the polymer is 1:2: 25.
Optionally, the mole ratio of the long chain alkyl methacrylate to the acrylamide in the long chain alkyl methacrylate-acrylamide copolymer is 1:1 to 3.
Optionally, the mole ratio of the long chain alkyl methacrylate to the acrylamide in the long chain alkyl methacrylate-acrylamide copolymer is 1: 2.
according to another aspect of the application, the preparation method of the thick oil viscosity reducer is provided, the functional nano-silica composite material viscosity reducer is prepared through simple synthesis, the preparation method is simple and safe, the preparation process is short in time consumption, less in required reagent and less in pollution.
The method comprises the following steps:
a) modification of nano SiO by silane coupling agent2Modifying to obtain modified nano SiO2；
b) In the presence of initiator, the modified nano SiO2Polymerizing with methyl acrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester and acrylamide, and modifying to obtain nano SiO2And grafting a methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester-acrylamide copolymer to obtain the thick oil viscosity reducer.
Optionally, step a) comprises:
a1) dissolving a raw material containing a silane coupling agent in a solvent to obtain a solution I;
a2) stirring the solution I at 10-30 ℃, and hydrolyzing to obtain a solution II;
a3) adding nano SiO into the solution II2Reacting to obtain the modified nano SiO2。
Optionally, in the step a1), the volume ratio of the silane coupling agent to the solvent is 1: 1-2;
the solvent is selected from at least one of water, hexanol and acetic acid.
Optionally, in the step a1), the volume ratio of the silane coupling agent to the solvent is 1: 1.
alternatively, in step a1), the solvent is a mixture of water, hexanol, acetic acid; wherein the volume ratio of the water to the hexanol to the acetic acid is 40-60: 1: 1.
Optionally, in the step a2), the stirring speed is 200r/min-500 r/min;
the hydrolysis time is 1-3 hours.
Optionally, in step a3), the nano SiO2The mass-to-volume ratio of the solution II to the solution II is 2-3 g: 45-55 mL.
Optionally, in the step a3), the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-4 hours.
Optionally, step a3) comprises: adding nano SiO into the solution II2Reacting, separating, washing and drying to obtain the modified nano SiO2。
Optionally, step b) comprises:
b1) the modified nano SiO is added2Dispersing raw materials of methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester and acrylamide in a solvent to obtain a dispersion liquid I;
b2) adding an initiator into the dispersion liquid I under an inert atmosphere, and polymerizing to obtain the thick oil viscosity reducer;
the inert atmosphere is selected from at least one of nitrogen, argon, helium and neon.
Optionally, the initiator is an oil soluble initiator;
the oil-soluble initiator is selected from at least one of azodiisobutyronitrile and azodiisoheptonitrile.
Optionally, the amount of the initiator is 0.5-5% of the sum of the mass of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate and the mass of the acrylamide.
Optionally, in step b1), the modified nano SiO2And the mass ratio of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate to the acrylamide is 1: 1: 1-3;
in the dispersion liquid I, the content of the solvent is 1-2 wt%.
Optionally, in step b1), the solvent is at least one of ethanol.
Optionally, the temperature of the polymerization is 70-90 ℃; the polymerization time is 4-6 hours.
Optionally, step b2) comprises: and adding an initiator into the dispersion liquid I under an inert atmosphere, polymerizing, separating, washing and drying to obtain the thick oil viscosity reducer.
The synthesis process comprises the following steps:
step (1) 50ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 1ml of acetic acid, 1ml of distilled water and 1ml of KH570 (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) are added into a 100ml three-neck flask in sequence;
mechanically stirring the mixture obtained in the step (1) at normal temperature, and hydrolyzing for 2h at the stirring speed of 200r/min-500 r/min;
step (3) adding 2.5g of nano SiO in the step (2)2The temperature is raised to 50 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 3 hours under the condition of vigorous stirring.
Centrifugally separating the reaction product in the step (4) (the rotating speed is 4000r/min), and washing the reaction product for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
vacuum drying for 10h at 30 ℃ in step (5) to obtain a pre-modified product nano KH570/SiO2；
Step (6) uniformly dispersing the pre-modified product obtained in the step (5) in absolute ethyl alcohol, adding a certain amount of octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) and Acrylamide (AM), stirring and dissolving, and heating to 80 ℃;
introducing nitrogen for 30min in the step (7), adding 1 percent of initiator Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), reacting for 5h in nitrogen atmosphere,
step (8) centrifugally separating the product obtained in the step (7), washing the product with xylene, and removing unreacted monomers and polymers which are not grafted on the surfaces of the nano SiO 2 particles;
step (9), vacuum drying is carried out for 10 hours at 30 ℃, and the final product of nano PSMA-AM/SiO is obtained2A composite material viscosity reducer.
According to another aspect of the application, a compound thick oil viscosity reducer is provided, and comprises at least one of the thick oil viscosity reducer described in any one of the above and the thick oil viscosity reducer prepared by the method described in any one of the above; and
a surfactant.
Optionally, the surfactant is selected from at least one of an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant.
The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:
1) the thick oil viscosity reducer provided by the application considers that the nano SiO is used as the material2The surface energy is huge, the agglomeration is easy, and the surface contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups, so that the hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics of the surface are caused, and therefore, the surface grafting modification is required to be carried out, organic groups are grafted on the surface, so that the lipophilicity of the surface is enhanced, and the premise of application in thick oil can be met. The higher the grafting ratio of the surface organic component, the weaker its degree of agglomeration, the more stable dispersion in the oil phase, but due to SiO2The number of hydroxyl groups which can be grafted on the surface is limited, and the grafting rate cannot be increased infinitely due to the steric hindrance effect. But the stearic acid can be grafted to the nano SiO by the reaction of the end of the silane coupling agent and the end of the stearic acid2On the surface, the organic component has a single structure and is a straight chain, the polar group is single, and the highest grafting rate can only reach about 30%. To compensate for the above disadvantages, it is considered to use graft polymerization method to prepare nano SiO2The surface is grafted with a multi-polymer coating layer, the complexity of organic components and the diversity of polar groups are increased, and the grafting rate is improved。
2) The thick oil viscosity reducer provided by the application is prepared from nano SiO2The surface is hydrophilic, and the organic monomer is not easy to adsorb or chemically combine on the surface, so if the organic monomer is directly on the nano SiO2Surface graft polymerization, and difficult formation of nano polymer/SiO with uniform and complete polymer coating and stable performance2A composite material. Therefore, the silane coupling agent containing double bonds is needed to be firstly used for the nano SiO2Pre-modifying, and then mixing the organic monomer and the pre-modified nano SiO2Mixing and finishing graft copolymerization under the action of an initiator. KH570 (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) is an SiO with excellent performance in terms of monomer selection2A pretreatment agent for surface radical polymerization; stearyl methacrylate and acrylamide are selected as graft comonomers, because stearyl methacrylate contains eighteen carbon branched chains, the intermiscibility and the dispersibility of the nanoparticles in oil phase can be enhanced, and acrylamide contains strong polar group amide groups, which can form stronger ammonia bonds with colloid and asphaltene molecules to destroy the original large-size association body. Thus, the nano SiO2The surface is introduced with a polymer long chain containing a branched chain, and ester group and amide group polar groups, and the product is named as nano PSMA-AM/SiO2A composite material viscosity reducer.
3) According to the thick oil viscosity reducer provided by the application, the nano composite material viscosity reducer is used as a nucleation point to adsorb wax for crystallization and separation on the surface by utilizing a special surface effect, so that the crystallization behavior of the wax is changed, and the original three-dimensional network structure of wax crystals is destroyed; meanwhile, the strong polar groups on the surfaces of the nanoparticles adsorb colloid and asphaltene through hydrogen bond action to form a solvolysis layer on the surfaces of the nanoparticles, and the solvolysis layer can prevent wax crystals from being connected to form a net structure and can also break up a planar overlapped laying structure of the colloid and the asphaltene, so that the viscosity of the thick oil is greatly reduced.
4) The preparation process of the thickened oil viscosity reducer and the nano composite material viscosity reducer is simple, the solvent is ethanol and can be recycled, and the environment friendliness is strong. The shape is powdery, so that the storage and the transportation are convenient, the organic solvent is used for dispersing in the using process, and the problem that the oil-soluble viscosity reducer is insoluble is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the infrared spectrum of sample 1 prepared in example 1 of the present application; a is unmodified nano SiO2FT-IR spectrum of (1), and (b) nano SiO as modified product of silane coupling agent2And c is the FT-IR spectrum of the graft polymerization modified product.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of sample 1 prepared in example 1 of the present application; a is unmodified nano SiO2And b is a graft polymerization modified product.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and catalysts in the examples of the present application were all purchased commercially.
The analysis method in the examples of the present application is as follows:
infrared spectroscopy was performed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Tensor27) from Bruker, Germany.
Particle size analysis was performed using a Japanese Electron corporation Cold field emission scanning Electron microscope (JEOL JSM-7600F).
Viscosity analysis was performed using an American Bohler's flying rotational viscometer (LVDV-2T).
Example 1 preparation of sample 1
Step (1) 50ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 1ml of acetic acid, 1ml of distilled water and 1ml of KH570 (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) are added into a 100ml three-neck flask in sequence;
mechanically stirring the mixture obtained in the step (1) at normal temperature, and hydrolyzing for 2h at the stirring speed of 200 r/min;
step (3) adding 2.5g of nano SiO in the step (2)2The temperature is raised to 50 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 3 hours under the condition of vigorous stirring.
Centrifugally separating the reaction product in the step (4) (the rotating speed is 4000r/min), and washing the reaction product for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
vacuum drying for 10h at 30 ℃ in step (5) to obtain a pre-modified product nano KH570/SiO2；
Step (6) uniformly dispersing the pre-modified product obtained in the step (5) in absolute ethyl alcohol, adding a certain amount of octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) and Acrylamide (AM), stirring and dissolving, and heating to 80 ℃;
introducing nitrogen for 30min in the step (7), adding 1 percent of initiator Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), reacting for 5h in nitrogen atmosphere,
step (8) centrifugally separating the product in the step (7), washing the product with xylene, and removing unreacted monomers and un-grafted nano SiO2A polymer on the surface of the particles;
step (9), vacuum drying is carried out for 10 hours at 30 ℃ to obtain the final product of nano PSMA-AM/SiO2Composite viscosity reducer, sample 1.
Example 2 preparation of sample 2
Step (1) 50ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, 1ml of acetic acid, 1ml of distilled water and 1ml of KH570 (gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) are added into a 100ml three-neck flask in sequence;
mechanically stirring the mixture obtained in the step (1) at normal temperature, and hydrolyzing for 2h at the stirring speed of 500 r/min;
step (3) adding 2.5g of nano SiO in the step (2)2The temperature is raised to 50 ℃, and the reaction is carried out for 3 hours under the condition of vigorous stirring.
Centrifugally separating the reaction product in the step (4) (the rotating speed is 4000r/min), and washing the reaction product for multiple times by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
vacuum drying for 10h at 30 ℃ in step (5) to obtain a pre-modified product nano KH570/SiO2；
Step (6) uniformly dispersing the pre-modified product obtained in the step (5) in absolute ethyl alcohol, adding a certain amount of octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) and Acrylamide (AM), stirring and dissolving, and heating to 80 ℃;
introducing nitrogen for 30min in the step (7), adding 1 percent of initiator Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), reacting for 5h in nitrogen atmosphere,
step (8) centrifugally separating the product in the step (7), washing the product with xylene, and removing unreacted monomers and un-grafted nano SiO2A polymer on the surface of the particles;
step (9)30 deg.CVacuum drying for 10h to obtain the final product of nanometer PSMA-AM/SiO2Composite viscosity reducer, sample 2.
Example 3 preparation of sample 3
The other operations were the same as in example 1 except that the silane coupling agent used in step (1) was vinyltriethoxysilane; obtaining the final product of nano PSMA-AM/SiO2Composite viscosity reducer, sample 3.
Example 4 preparation of sample 4
The other operations were the same as in example 1 except that octadecyl methacrylate used in step (6) was replaced with dodecyl methacrylate; obtaining the final product of nano-poly dodecyl methacrylate-acrylamide/SiO2Composite viscosity reducer, sample 4.
Example 5 preparation of sample 5
The other operations were the same as in example 1 except that stearyl methacrylate used in the step (6) was replaced with behenyl methacrylate; obtaining the final product of nano poly (behenyl methacrylate) -acrylamide/SiO2Composite viscosity reducer, sample 5.
Example 6 preparation of sample 6
The other operations are the same as in example 1 except that azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator used in the step (7) is replaced with azobisisoheptylcyanide; obtaining the final product of nano PSMA-AM/SiO2Composite viscosity reducer, sample 6.
EXAMPLE 7 Infrared test characterization of samples
The samples 1-6 prepared in examples 1-6 were subjected to infrared characterization, and the test results show that the nano SiO2The surface is grafted with the corresponding copolymer. A typical infrared spectrum is shown as 1, corresponding to sample 1; in FIG. 1, in unmodified nano SiO23435cm in the infrared spectrum (line a)-1Is prepared from SiO with broad peak21627 cm-OH telescopic vibration front with water adsorbed on surface-1Is the bending vibration absorption peak of the H-O-H bond, which shows that the raw material nano SiO2A large number of hydroxyl groups are present on the surface of the particles; in line b, 1708cm-1The feature of C ═ OAbsorption peak, proving that the silane coupling agent KH570 is grafted to the nano SiO2A surface; in line c, 2925cm-1And 2854cm-1Is the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration absorption peak of methylene, 1463cm-1Is the flexural vibration absorption peak of methylene, 1728cm-1Is the characteristic absorption peak of ester carbonyl C ═ O in SMA, 3209cm-1Is the N-H stretching vibration absorption peak in the amide group, and proves that the stearyl methacrylate, the acrylamide and the nano SiO2The KH570 on the surface undergoes polymerization.
The infrared spectrum test result shows that the nano SiO is prepared by a dissolution polymerization method2The surface is successfully grafted with a polymer organic long chain containing octadecyl acrylate and acrylamide.
EXAMPLE 8 scanning Electron microscopy test characterization of samples
The samples 1-6 prepared in examples 1-6 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy.
The test result shows that the particle size of the samples 1-6 is 50-100 nm. A typical SEM image of a scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 2, corresponding to sample 1. FIG. 2 shows that before modification, the nano SiO2Because the surface energy is huge and a large number of hydroxyl groups exist on the surface, the agglomeration phenomenon is serious, and a massive three-dimensional network structure is formed; after graft polymerization modification, although agglomeration still exists, the degree is obviously reduced, and a plurality of nano SiO are mixed with white polymer2The microspheres are encapsulated therein, the size of the agglomerates being about 80 nm. SEM test results show that the nano SiO is modified by graft polymerization2Partial hydroxyl on the surface is replaced by long chains of organic polymers, so that the surface energy is reduced, and the agglomeration phenomenon is reduced.
Example 9 stability testing of samples
The stability test was performed on samples 1 to 6 prepared in examples 1 to 6 under the following test conditions: taking 100-500 ppm nanometer SiO2And (3) observing the thick oil viscosity reducer for 7 days, and observing the stability of the solution.
The test results show. After 7 days, the solutions of samples 1-6 do not agglomerate and settle.
Example 10 characterization of the viscosity reduction test for thickened oils
Thick oil viscosity reduction test characterization is carried out on the samples 1-6 prepared in the embodiments 1-6, and the test method comprises the following steps: and measuring the viscosity change by using a rotary viscometer, and calculating the viscosity reduction rate of the crude oil.
The test result shows that the viscosity reduction rate exceeds 80 percent.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The thick oil viscosity reducer is characterized by being nano SiO2The silane coupling agent is modified to graft the composite material of the polymer;
the polymer is a methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester-acrylamide copolymer;
the long-chain alkyl methacrylate-acrylamide copolymer is characterized in that the long-chain alkyl in the long-chain alkyl methacrylate is an alkyl with 10-25 carbon atoms.
2. The thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1, wherein the long-chain alkyl methacrylate is selected from at least one of dodecyl methacrylate, tetradecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, heptadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, eicosyl methacrylate, docosyl methacrylate;
the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of vinyl triethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl tri (beta-methoxyethoxy) silane and gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane;
the nano SiO2The particle size of (A) is 25 to 35 nm.
3. The thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the composite material is 50-100 nm.
4. The viscosity reducer for thick oil according to claim 1, wherein in the composite material, nano SiO is adopted2And the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the polymer is 1:2:20 to 30.
5. The thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate to the acrylamide in the long-chain alkyl methacrylate-acrylamide copolymer is 1:1 to 3.
6. The process for producing a thick oil viscosity reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
a) modification of nano SiO by silane coupling agent2Modifying to obtain modified nano SiO2；
b) In the presence of initiator, the modified nano SiO2Polymerizing with methyl acrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester and acrylamide, and modifying to obtain nano SiO2And grafting a methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester-acrylamide copolymer to obtain the thick oil viscosity reducer.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein step a) comprises:
a1) dissolving a raw material containing a silane coupling agent in a solvent to obtain a solution I;
a2) stirring the solution I at 10-30 ℃, and hydrolyzing to obtain a solution II;
a3) adding nano SiO into the solution II2Reacting to obtain the modified nano SiO2。
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step a1), the volume ratio of the silane coupling agent to the solvent is 1: 1-2;
the solvent is at least one selected from ethanol, acetic acid and water;
preferably, in step a1), the solvent is a mixture of ethanol, acetic acid and water; wherein the volume ratio of ethanol to acetic acid to water is 40-60: 1: 1;
preferably, in the step a2), the stirring speed is 200r/min-500 r/min;
the hydrolysis time is 1-3 hours;
preferably, in the step a3), the nano SiO2The mass-to-volume ratio of the solution II to the solution II is 2-3 g: 45-55 mL;
preferably, in the step a3), the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the reaction time is 2-4 hours;
preferably, step a3) includes: adding nano SiO into the solution II2Reacting, separating, washing and drying to obtain the modified nano SiO2；
Preferably, step b) comprises:
b1) the modified nano SiO is added2Dispersing raw materials of methacrylic acid long-chain alkyl ester and acrylamide in a solvent to obtain a dispersion liquid I;
b2) adding an initiator into the dispersion liquid I under an inert atmosphere, and polymerizing to obtain the thick oil viscosity reducer;
the inactive atmosphere is selected from at least one of nitrogen, argon, helium and neon;
preferably, the initiator is an oil soluble initiator;
the oil-soluble initiator is selected from at least one of azodiisobutyronitrile and azodiisoheptonitrile;
preferably, the amount of the initiator is 0.5-3% of the mass sum of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate and the acrylamide;
preferably, in step b1), the method further comprises
Modified nano SiO2And the mass ratio of the long-chain alkyl methacrylate to the acrylamide is 1: 1: 1-3;
in the dispersion liquid I, the content of a solvent is 1-2%;
preferably, in step b1), the solvent is ethanol;
preferably, the temperature of the polymerization is 70-90 ℃; the polymerization time is 4-6 hours;
preferably, step b2) includes: and adding an initiator into the dispersion liquid I under an inert atmosphere, polymerizing, separating, washing and drying to obtain the thick oil viscosity reducer.
9. A compound thick oil viscosity reducer, which is characterized by comprising at least one of the thick oil viscosity reducer of any one of claims 1 to 5 and the thick oil viscosity reducer prepared by the method of any one of claims 6 to 8; and
a surfactant.
10. The viscosity reducer for thick oil of claim 9, wherein the surfactant is at least one selected from anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants.
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