CN111726123A - Rate-free multi-user coding method suitable for interweaving multi-address access system - Google Patents

Rate-free multi-user coding method suitable for interweaving multi-address access system Download PDF

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CN111726123A
CN111726123A CN202010611097.5A CN202010611097A CN111726123A CN 111726123 A CN111726123 A CN 111726123A CN 202010611097 A CN202010611097 A CN 202010611097A CN 111726123 A CN111726123 A CN 111726123A
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CN111726123B (en
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王雪蕾
李颖
张怡菲
侯伟
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/11—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits using multiple parity bits
    • H03M13/1102—Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes
    • H03M13/1148—Structural properties of the code parity-check or generator matrix
    • H03M13/116—Quasi-cyclic LDPC [QC-LDPC] codes, i.e. the parity-check matrix being composed of permutation or circulant sub-matrices
    • H03M13/1162—Array based LDPC codes, e.g. array codes
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Abstract

The invention discloses a non-rate multi-user coding method suitable for an interleaved multi-access system, which mainly solves the problems of overhigh system complexity and poor decoding performance in the prior art. The implementation scheme is as follows: generating an initial sequence for each user; carrying out outer encoder encoding on the initial sequence of each user to obtain an outer encoder encoding sequence; carrying out inner encoder encoding on the outer encoder encoding sequence to obtain an inner encoder encoding sequence; interweaving the coding sequence of the inner encoder to obtain an interweaved sequence; modulating the interleaved sequence to obtain a modulated sequence; inputting the modulation sequences of all users into a Gaussian multi-user channel to obtain an output sequence; and decoding the output sequence and outputting the decoded sequence. The invention reduces the complexity of the system by cascading a fixed external space coupling repeated accumulation code with an adjustable internal repeated code, improves the decoding performance in any rate range, and can be used for an interleaving multiple access system.

Description

Rate-free multi-user coding method suitable for interweaving multi-address access system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and further relates to a rateless multi-user coding method which can be used for an IDMA system.
Background
The interleaved multiple access IDMA system is a standard scheme for overload scenarios in 5G networks. At the transmitting end, all users use the same coding method, i.e. single user code concatenates the same spreading code. At the receiving end, different users are distinguished by different interleavers. Compared with other multiple access technologies, the IDMA scheme has the advantages of high spectrum utilization rate, performance close to the theoretical limit, and low cost for multi-user MUD detection. Researchers have done a lot of work to combat multi-user interference and to ensure reliability of communications.
Song et al, in its published paper "Maximum sum rate of repeat-accumulation-division system by fixed-point analysis" (IEEE Transactions on communications,2012,3011-3022), proposed a regular, repeated, accumulated RA code and concatenated with a spreading code, but this scheme only performed well at certain low rate points.
In order to obtain good performance at more rate points, g.song et al used parallel concatenated codes PCC in the paper "K-User parallel coordinated codes for Gaussian multiple-access channel" (IEEE International Conference Communications (ICC),2013,3286-3291), without considering too much the complexity problem of coding.
In order to reduce the complexity of coding and decoding, g.song et al in the paper "a low-complexity multi-user coding scheme with near-capacity performance" (IEEE Transactions on vehicle technology,2017,6775-6786) proposed an irregular repeat and accumulate code based on repeat assistance for low-rate areas, but this scheme has low reliability of information transmission.
To further improve transmission reliability, y.chi et al applied the spatially coupled SC technique in its published paper "partial repeat requested SC-LDPC codes for multiple-access channels" (IEEE Communications Letters,2016, 3286-. This scheme, while providing near shannon-limited iterative decoding performance over an arbitrary rate range, still has high system complexity.
The above-mentioned multi-user coding schemes require different encoder and decoder implementations for different rates, resulting in high system complexity, since they are designed and optimized for individual and rate points.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and design a rateless multi-user code suitable for an interleaving multi-access system. The complexity of the system is reduced, and the decoding performance is further improved in an arbitrary speed range.
The technical idea of the invention is as follows: the fixed outer space coupling repeated accumulation SC-RA encoding and the adjustable inner repeated encoding are cascaded, and the SC-RA encoding is selected as the outer encoding to meet the requirement of high decoding performance; by selecting the repetition code as the inner code, the no-rate characteristic is satisfied. The concrete implementation comprises the following steps:
1. a rateless multi-user coding method for use in an interleaved multiple access IDMA system, comprising:
(1) generating an initial sequence u for each user in the IDMA system;
(2) carrying out outer SC-RA coding on the initial sequence u to obtain an outer coder coding sequence cj：
(2a) Equally dividing the initial sequence u into L segmented sequences ui,i＝0,1,...,L-1；
(2b) For each segmented sequence uiPerforming a first rearrangement operation to obtain rearranged sequences
Figure BDA0002562180780000021
Figure BDA0002562180780000022
Wherein Q represents the number of subsequences of the rearranged sequence, ui,qRepresenting the ith sequence of segments uiQ rearrangement ofA subsequence, Q ═ 0,1,.., Q-1;
(2c) each segmentation sequence uiRearranged subsequence u ofi,qRespectively carrying out modulo-2 addition (i + q) times to obtain a combined sequence tj：
Figure BDA0002562180780000023
Wherein u isj-q,qRepresenting a segmented sequence uj-qThe q-th rearranged subsequence of (1);
(2d) for combined sequence tjPerforming accumulation operation to obtain the coding sequence c of the outer encoderj：
Figure BDA0002562180780000024
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002562180780000025
representing outer encoder code sequences cjQ0, 1.., L + Q-2;
(3) coding sequence c of external encoderjAnd (3) carrying out internal repeated code coding to obtain an internal coder coding sequence c:
(3a) each of the segmentation sequences u of pair (2a)iAnd respectively carrying out second rearrangement operation to obtain a first sequence:
Figure BDA0002562180780000031
wherein α denotes each segmented sequence uiThe number of the sub-sequences of (a),
Figure BDA0002562180780000032
an mth subsequence representing the first sequence, m being 0, 1.
(3b) The outer encoder code sequence c of (2d)jEach sequence of (1)
Figure BDA0002562180780000033
Respectively performing rearrangement operationsTo do, a second sequence is obtained:
Figure BDA0002562180780000034
wherein β denotes each sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000035
The number of the sub-sequences of (a),
Figure BDA0002562180780000036
an nth subsequence representing a second sequence, n being 0, 1.., L + Q-2;
(3c) combining the first sequence v in (3a) and the second sequence p in (3b) according to the sequence to obtain the coding sequence of the inner encoder
Figure BDA0002562180780000037
(4) Interweaving the coding sequence c of the inner encoder to obtain an interweaving sequence pi;
(5) carrying out binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation on the interleaved sequence pi, and modulating a 01 sequence to be modulated into a +/-1 sequence to obtain a modulation sequence x;
(6) inputting the modulation sequence x into a Gaussian multi-user channel to obtain an output sequence y;
(7) and decoding the output sequence y and outputting a decoded sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts the fixed SC-RA code as the outer code, thereby overcoming the problem that the outer code of the prior art can not approach the Shannon limit of a continuous rate region, and leading the invention to have a simpler system encoder and high decoding performance in any rate range;
secondly, the invention adopts the repeated code with adjustable parameters as the internal code, and the non-rate characteristic can be met by adjusting the internal parameters, thereby overcoming the problems that the prior art has larger limitation on the spread spectrum code and is difficult to realize the non-rate characteristic, and leading the invention to have larger design space and higher decoding performance;
thirdly, the invention can use the same coder and decoder to realize different speeds by cascading the fixed outer SC-RA coding and the adjustable inner repeated coding, thereby overcoming the problem of overhigh complexity of the prior art and realizing the reliable data transmission with low system complexity under different channel conditions and different user numbers.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an encoding sub-flow diagram in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of simulation results of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments and effects of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific steps of this embodiment are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: an initial sequence is generated.
Generating an initial sequence, u, for each of K users in an IDMA systemsAn initial sequence representing the s-th user;
step two: and carrying out non-rate code coding to obtain a coding sequence.
Referring to fig. 2, the specific implementation of this step is as follows:
(2.1) initial sequence u to s-th usersCarrying out outer SC-RA coding to obtain outer coder coding sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000041
(2.1.1) initial sequence u of s-th usersEqually divided into L segmented sequences
Figure BDA0002562180780000042
i＝0,1,...,L-1；
(2.1.2) for each segmentation sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000043
Performing a first rearrangement operation to obtain rearranged sequences
Figure BDA0002562180780000044
(2.1.2a) sequencing of the fragments
Figure BDA0002562180780000045
M elements of
Figure BDA00025621807800000411
Sub-randomly arranged to obtain
Figure BDA00025621807800000412
A new sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000046
Wherein
Figure BDA00025621807800000413
Figure BDA00025621807800000414
Represents the largest integer not exceeding Q-1;
(2.1.2b) sequencing of the fragments uiThe M elements in the list are randomly arranged for 1 time and taken as the front
Figure BDA00025621807800000415
Element to obtain a new sequence ui,q,q＝Q-1；
(2.1.2c) combining the sequences obtained in the first two steps according to the sequence to obtain a rearranged sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000047
Figure BDA0002562180780000048
(2.1.3) sequencing each segment
Figure BDA0002562180780000049
Of (a) a rearranged subsequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000410
Respectively carrying out (i + q) times of modulo-2 addition to obtain a combined sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000051
Figure BDA0002562180780000052
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002562180780000053
representing a sequence of segments
Figure BDA0002562180780000054
The q-th rearranged subsequence of (1);
(2.1.4) pairs of combinatorial sequences
Figure BDA0002562180780000055
Performing accumulation operation to obtain the coding sequence of the outer encoder
Figure BDA0002562180780000056
(2.1.4a) combining the sequences
Figure BDA0002562180780000057
As the first element of the outer encoder code sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000058
(2.1.4b) combining the sequences
Figure BDA0002562180780000059
The first two elements of (a) are modulo-2 added and used as the second element of the outer encoder code sequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000510
(2.1.4c) combining the sequences
Figure BDA00025621807800000511
The first three elements of (a) are summed modulo-2 as the third element of the outer encoder code sequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000512
(2.1.4d) and so on to obtain the final outer encoder coding sequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000513
(2.2) outer encoder code sequence for s-th user
Figure BDA00025621807800000514
Coding the internal repeated codes to obtain the coding sequence c of the internal coders：
(2.2.1) Each of the segmentation sequences in the pair (2.1.1)
Figure BDA00025621807800000515
Respectively carrying out second rearrangement operation to obtain a first sequence vs：
(2.2.1a) sequencing of the fragments
Figure BDA00025621807800000516
M elements of
Figure BDA00025621807800000524
Sub-randomly arranged to obtain
Figure BDA00025621807800000525
A new sequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000517
Wherein
Figure BDA00025621807800000526
Figure BDA00025621807800000527
Represents the largest integer not exceeding α -1;
(2.2.1b) sequencing of the fragments
Figure BDA00025621807800000518
The M elements in the list are randomly arranged for 1 time and taken as the front
Figure BDA00025621807800000528
Element to obtain a new sequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000519
m＝α-1；
(2.2.1c) combining the sequences of (2.2.1a) and (2.2.1b) in sequence to obtain a first sequence vs：
Figure BDA00025621807800000520
Outer encoder code sequence in (2.2.2) pairs (2.1.4)
Figure BDA00025621807800000521
Each sequence of (1)
Figure BDA00025621807800000522
Respectively carrying out rearrangement operation to obtain a second sequence ps：
(2.2.2a) for each sequence
Figure BDA00025621807800000523
N of the elements of
Figure BDA00025621807800000529
Sub-randomly arranged to obtain
Figure BDA00025621807800000530
A new sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000061
Wherein
Figure BDA00025621807800000613
Figure BDA00025621807800000614
Represents the largest integer not exceeding β -1;
(2.2.2b) for each sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000062
The N elements in the tree are randomly arranged for 1 time and taken as the front
Figure BDA00025621807800000615
Element to obtain a new sequence
Figure BDA0002562180780000063
n＝β-1；
(2.2.2c) combining the sequences of (2.2.2a) and (2.2.2b) in sequence to obtain a second sequence vs：
Figure BDA0002562180780000064
(2.2.3) first sequence v of (2.2.1)sAnd (2.2.2) a second sequence vsMerging according to the sequence to obtain the coding sequence c of the inner encoders。
Step 3, coding sequence c of inner coder of s-th usersInterweaving to obtain an interweaved sequence pis：
Figure BDA0002562180780000065
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002562180780000066
show that
Figure BDA0002562180780000067
All of the elements in (a) are randomly rearranged,
Figure BDA0002562180780000068
an mth subsequence representing the first sequence, m being 0, 1.
Figure BDA0002562180780000069
Show that
Figure BDA00025621807800000610
All of the elements in (a) are randomly rearranged,
Figure BDA00025621807800000611
denotes the nth subsequence of the second sequence, n being 0, 1.
Step 4, interleaving sequence pisBinary phase shift keying BPSK modulation is carried out, the 01 sequence to be modulated is modulated into a +/-1 sequence, and a modulation sequence x is obtaineds。
Step 5, inputting the modulation sequence x of each user into a Gaussian multi-user channel to obtain an output sequence y:
Figure BDA00025621807800000612
wherein K represents the number of users, xsDenotes the modulation sequence of the s-th user, n denotes the variance σ2Gaussian noise sequence with mean 0.
And 6, decoding the output sequence y to obtain a decoded sequence.
The existing decoding methods include a multi-user detection joint iteration method, a serial interference elimination joint iteration method and a residual auxiliary multi-user detection joint iteration method. In this embodiment, but not limited to, a multi-user detection joint iteration method is adopted to decode the output sequence y, that is, the output sequence y is input to the basic signal estimator ESE and the K single-user posterior probability APP decoders, and a decoded sequence is obtained through multiple iterations.
The effects of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following simulations:
1. simulation experiment conditions are as follows:
simulation experiment software environment: visual Studio 2015.
The simulation experiment adopts a Gaussian multi-user channel model, the number of users is set to be 10, the sum rate is set to be 1.0, and the length of an initial sequence is 4800 bits.
2. Simulation content and simulation result analysis:
the encoding method of the present invention is used for encoding and decoding the initial sequence with similar length with the existing PR-SC-LDPC code and PCC code method, and the result is shown in FIG. 3.
In fig. 3, the ordinate represents the bit error rate and the abscissa represents the signal-to-noise ratio in dB. Wherein:
the solid line marked by the solid square represents a simulation result curve of coding and decoding the initial sequence with the length of 4894 bits by using the coding and decoding method of the invention;
the solid line marked by the solid circle represents a simulation result curve of coding and decoding the initial sequence with the length of 4854 bits by using the coding and decoding method of the conventional PR-SC-LDPC code;
the solid line marked by the solid triangle represents the simulation result curve of coding and decoding the initial sequence with the length of 4800 bits by using the coding and decoding method of the existing PCC code.
The dotted lines represent the performance curves for the shannon limit.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, compared with the decoding result curve using the conventional PR-SC-LDPC and PCC, the decoding result curve using the method of the present invention has a significantly lower bit error rate using the coding and decoding scheme of the present invention at the same SNR.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the decoding result curve of the present invention is closer to the shannon limit curve, which shows that the present invention has higher decoding performance while reducing the system complexity.

Claims (5)

1. A rateless multi-user coding method for use in an interleaved multiple access IDMA system, comprising:
(1) generating an initial sequence u for each user in the IDMA system;
(2) carrying out outer SC-RA coding on the initial sequence u to obtain an outer coder coding sequence cj：
(2a) Equally dividing the initial sequence u into L segmented sequences ui,i＝0,1,...,L-1；
(2b) For each segmented sequence uiPerforming a first rearrangement operation to obtain rearranged sequences
Figure FDA0002562180770000011
Figure FDA0002562180770000012
Wherein Q represents the number of subsequences of the rearranged sequence, ui,qRepresenting the ith sequence of segments uiQ-1, Q-0, 1.,;
(2c) each segmentation sequence uiRearranged subsequence u ofi,qRespectively carrying out modulo-2 addition (i + q) times to obtain a combined sequence tj：
Figure FDA0002562180770000013
Wherein u isj-q,qRepresenting a segmented sequence uj-qThe q-th rearranged subsequence of (1);
(2d) for combined sequence tjPerforming accumulation operation to obtain the coding sequence c of the outer encoderj：
Figure FDA0002562180770000014
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002562180770000015
representing outer encoder code sequences cjQ0, 1.., L + Q-2;
(3) coding sequence c of external encoderjAnd (3) carrying out internal repeated code coding to obtain an internal coder coding sequence c:
(3a) each of the segmentation sequences u of pair (2a)iAnd respectively carrying out second rearrangement operation to obtain a first sequence:
Figure FDA0002562180770000016
wherein α denotes each segmented sequence uiThe number of the sub-sequences of (a),
Figure FDA0002562180770000017
an mth subsequence representing the first sequence, m being 0, 1.
(3b) The outer encoder code sequence c of (2d)jEach sequence of (1)
Figure FDA0002562180770000021
And (3) respectively carrying out rearrangement operation to obtain a second sequence:
Figure FDA0002562180770000022
wherein β denotes each sequence
Figure FDA0002562180770000023
The number of the sub-sequences of (a),
Figure FDA0002562180770000024
an nth subsequence representing a second sequence, n being 0, 1.., L + Q-2;
(3c) combining the first sequence v in (3a) and the second sequence p in (3b) according to the sequence to obtain the coding sequence of the inner encoder
Figure FDA0002562180770000025
(4) Interweaving the coding sequence c of the inner encoder to obtain an interweaving sequence pi;
(5) carrying out binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation on the interleaved sequence pi, and modulating a 01 sequence to be modulated into a +/-1 sequence to obtain a modulation sequence x;
(6) inputting the modulation sequence x into a Gaussian multi-user channel to obtain an output sequence y;
(7) and decoding the output sequence y and outputting a decoded sequence.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein u is determined for each sequence of segments in (2b)iThe first rearrangement operation is respectively carried out, and the following is realized:
(2b1) for the segmented sequence uiM elements of
Figure FDA0002562180770000026
Sub-randomly arranged to obtain
Figure FDA0002562180770000027
A new sequence ui,qWherein
Figure FDA0002562180770000028
Figure FDA0002562180770000029
Represents the largest integer not exceeding Q-1;
(2b2) for the segmented sequence uiThe M elements in the list are randomly arranged for 1 time and taken as the front
Figure FDA00025621807700000210
Element to obtain a new sequence ui,q,q＝Q-1；
(2b3) Combining the sequences obtained from (2b1) and (2b2) in sequence to obtain a rearranged sequence
Figure FDA00025621807700000211
Figure FDA00025621807700000212
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pair of combined sequences t in (2d)jThe accumulation operation is performed as follows:
(2d1) combining the sequences tjAs the outer encoder code sequence cjFirst element of (1)
Figure FDA0002562180770000031
(2d2) Combining the sequences tjThe first two elements of (a) are summed modulo-2 as the outer encoder code sequence cjSecond element of (2)
Figure FDA0002562180770000032
(2d3) Combining the sequences tjThe first three elements in (a) are summed modulo-2 as the outer encoder code sequence cjThird element of (2)
Figure FDA0002562180770000033
(2d4) By parity of reasoning, the final outer encoder coding sequence is obtained
Figure FDA0002562180770000034
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the interleaving sequence pi obtained in (4) is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0002562180770000035
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002562180770000036
show that
Figure FDA0002562180770000037
All of the elements in (a) are randomly rearranged,
Figure FDA0002562180770000038
an mth subsequence representing the first sequence, m being 0, 1.
Figure FDA0002562180770000039
Show that
Figure FDA00025621807700000310
All of the elements in (a) are randomly rearranged,
Figure FDA00025621807700000311
denotes the nth subsequence of the second sequence, n being 0, 1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the output sequence y obtained in (6) is represented as follows:
Figure FDA00025621807700000312
where k represents the number of users, xkDenotes the modulation sequence of the k-th user, n denotes the variance σ2Gaussian noise sequence with mean 0.
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