CN111719151B - NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111719151B CN111719151B CN202010793981.5A CN202010793981A CN111719151B CN 111719151 B CN111719151 B CN 111719151B CN 202010793981 A CN202010793981 A CN 202010793981A CN 111719151 B CN111719151 B CN 111719151B
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention discloses an NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of wear-resistant coatings. The coating of the present invention comprises a NbC phase and a solid solution phase of Nb in Fe, and the grain size of both phases is on the order of nanometers. The preparation process comprises the steps of selecting a steel material (0.45-1.2 wt%) taking cementite as a strengthening phase as a base material, carrying out surface treatment on the base material, taking a pure Nb rod as an electrode material, and depositing on the surface of the base material by adopting an electric spark deposition process. The carbon element forming the high-hardness NbC phase is from the matrix material, and the nanocrystalline coating is obtained through the extremely fast cooling rate of the electric spark deposition, so that the coating with no defects and thicker thickness is formed, and the coating has the advantages of high hardness, excellent wear resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wear-resistant coating and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating taking NbC as a strengthening phase and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The surface engineering technology can prepare a coating or a cladding with special performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like on the surface of the material, which are different from those of a base material, and can change the form, chemical components and tissue structure of the surface and the near-surface area of the material by the most economical and effective method, thereby realizing the strengthening, modification, repair and remanufacture of the surface of the material. The technology is widely applied in practice and creates great economic benefits.
The spark deposition process is a surface treatment technique which utilizes spark discharge to melt and transfer electrode materials to the surface of a base material so as to form a coating with specific properties. The deposition principle is that when the electrode material as the anode is infinitely close to the base material (workpiece) as the cathode in a rotating or vibrating mode, short-period and high-current electric pulse discharge is utilized to generate high temperature of 5000-10000 ℃ to instantly melt or even gasify a tiny area infinitely close to the electrode material and the base material, and under the action of electric field force, the melted electrode material is transferred to the surface of the base material to be melted and rapidly solidified with the melted electrode material, so that a deposition layer in metallurgical combination is formed. Compared with other surface technologies, the electric spark deposition process has the following advantages: (1) the energy input is low, the matrix is kept at room temperature, and the heat affected zone is small, so that the influence of the matrix can be ignored; (2) the coating and the substrate are in metallurgical bonding and junctionThe resultant strength is high and is obviously superior to that of thermal spraying; (4) the equipment is cheap and the operation is simple; (5) the method is suitable for in-situ or online repair, and is very important for repairing large workpieces or online equipment; (6) the molten electrode material can be rapidly solidified on the surface of the base material, and can form a nanocrystalline or even amorphous coating, so that the performance of the material is further improved. However, in the actual production of the wear-resistant coating prepared by the electric spark deposition, in order to obtain excellent wear-resistant performance, the electrode material used by the coating is generally high-hardness cemented carbide or cermet. Although such coatings have better wear resistance and are used in many applications, they also have some disadvantages. The high hardness of the high hardness cemented carbide or cermet comes from a large amount of brittle hard phase, and the electric spark deposition is a fast-solidifying surface treatment technology, so that longitudinal cracks are easily generated in the prepared coating in the electric spark deposition process, the improvement of the wear resistance of the coating is not facilitated, and the coating is easy to peel off due to the existence of large thermal stress, so that the practical coating thickness is about 50 μm generally, and the wear-resistant coating with large thickness cannot be obtained. In order to obtain a larger coating thickness and avoid the generation of cracks in the coating, recently, Koelreuteria paniculata et al reported the work of preparing Nb coating on the surface of hot-work die steel H13 by using Nb bars with better plasticity as electrode materials based on electric spark deposition, and the results show that the coating has continuous and compact cross-section structure, no obvious defects and contains Fe2Nb and Fe0.2Nb0.8The hardness of the two phases reaches 642HV, which is 3.2 times of that of the matrix, and under the same friction and wear test conditions, the wear quality is only 1/3 of the matrix material, so that the service life of the H13 steel die is remarkably prolonged (Koelreuteria, et al. H13 steel surface spark deposition Nb coating organization and performance research, surface technology, 2019,48 (1): 285-289.). NbC has a ratio of Fe2Nb and Fe0.2Nb0.8The two phases have much higher hardness and have been widely used in the fields of high temperature alloys (patent No. CN 108467959B), cermets (patent No. CN 105779951A), thin film materials (patent No. CN 103894757A) and coatings (patent No. CN103526198A, CN 103255414A). However, no published reports on the research of preparing the wear-resistant coating taking NbC as the strengthening phase by adopting the electric spark deposition are found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating taking NbC as a strengthening phase and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating with NbC as a strengthening phase comprises a NbC phase and a solid solution phase of Nb in Fe, the grain sizes of the two phases are nano-scale, the NbC phase in the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating is generated in situ in the process of electric spark deposition, the mass fraction of the NbC phase is more than 3.3%, and the thickness of the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating is more than or equal to 10 microns and less than or equal to 50 microns.
The NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating is prepared by adopting an electric spark deposition process, and the specific process steps are as follows:
(1) carrying out surface treatment on a steel material (the mass fraction of carbon is more than or equal to 0.45% and less than or equal to C wt% and less than or equal to 1.2%) which is used for electric spark deposition and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, wherein the surface treatment comprises derusting and deoiling, and if cracks exist on the surface, firstly carrying out row cutting to eliminate a crack layer;
(2) adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 1000-3000W, the output voltage is 120-300V, and the deposition rate is 0.5-10min/cm2。
The nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating prepared by the final electro-spark deposition comprises two phases of NbC phase and Nb solid solution phase in Fe, and the grain sizes of the two phases are both nano-scale.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating taking NbC as a strengthening phase and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that the prepared coating takes high-hardness NbC as the strengthening phase, the wear resistance of the coating is greatly improved, and the prepared coating has extremely high cooling rate in the electric spark deposition processThe crystal grains are in a nanometer level, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating are further improved through a fine grain strengthening mechanism; the plasticity and toughness of the coating are improved through fine grain strengthening, and the coating can release a large amount of thermal stress through plastic deformation in the rapid solidification process through the combined action of the coating and the solid solution phase of Nb with good plasticity in Fe in the coating, so that the generation of longitudinal cracks in the coating is effectively avoided, and the increase of the thickness of the coating is facilitated; the strengthening phase in the matrix material is cementite (Fe)3C) The stability of the material is lower than that of NbC, so that a prerequisite is created for generating NbC in the process of electric spark deposition; in the preparation of the coating containing the NbC phase reported in the literature, the carbon element in the NbC is externally added, for example, in the form of graphite, and the carbon element is difficult to be uniformly distributed in the coating under the process condition, and the C element in the NbC comes from the matrix material per se, so that the problem is avoided; the high-hardness NbC phase in the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating is generated in situ, so that the interface bonding strength of the NbC phase and the solid solution phase of Nb in Fe is high, and the improvement of the comprehensive mechanical property and the wear resistance of the coating is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of NbC-enhanced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coatings of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a typical X-ray diffraction pattern of the NbC-strengthened nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating of the present invention.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Carrying out surface treatment on a steel material (the mass fraction of carbon is 0.45%) which is used for electric spark deposition and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, wherein the surface treatment comprises derusting and deoiling, and if cracks exist on the surface, turning is carried out to eliminate a crack layer;
adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 1500W, the output voltage is 220V, and the deposition rate is 10min/cm2。
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the NbC-reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating of the present invention, wherein 1 represents the NbC-reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating. Fig. 2 is a typical X-ray diffraction pattern of the NbC-strengthened nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating of the present invention.
Example 2
Carrying out surface treatment on a steel material (the mass fraction of carbon is 0.8%) which is used for electric spark deposition and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, wherein the surface treatment comprises derusting and deoiling, and if cracks exist on the surface, turning is carried out to eliminate a crack layer;
adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 1000W, the output voltage is 300V, and the deposition rate is 6 min/cm2。
Example 3
Carrying out surface treatment on a steel material (the mass fraction of carbon is 1.2%) which is used for electric spark deposition and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, wherein the surface treatment comprises derusting and deoiling, and if cracks exist on the surface, turning is carried out to eliminate a crack layer;
adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 3000W, the output voltage is 120V, and the deposition rate is 4min/cm2。
Example 4
Carrying out surface treatment on a steel material (the mass fraction of carbon is 1.05%) which is used for electric spark deposition and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, wherein the surface treatment comprises derusting and deoiling, and if cracks exist on the surface, turning is carried out to eliminate a crack layer;
adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 1000W, the output voltage is 180V, and the deposition rate is 5min/cm2。
Example 5
Carrying out surface treatment on a steel material (the mass fraction of carbon is 0.9%) which is used for electric spark deposition and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, wherein the surface treatment comprises derusting and deoiling, and if cracks exist on the surface, turning is carried out to eliminate a crack layer;
adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 2000W, the output voltage is 200V, and the deposition rate is 0.5min/cm2。
Claims (4)
1. An NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, which is characterized in that: the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating comprises a NbC phase and a solid solution phase of Nb in Fe, the grain sizes of the two phases are both nano-scale, the NbC phase in the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating is generated in situ in the process of electric spark deposition, the mass fraction of the NbC phase is more than 3.3%, and the thickness of the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating is more than or equal to 10 microns and less than or equal to 50 microns.
2. The preparation method of the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating according to claim 1, characterized by preparing the coating by adopting an electric spark deposition process, and comprising the following specific process steps:
(1) carrying out surface treatment on a base material for electric spark deposition, wherein the surface treatment comprises rust removal and oil removal, if cracks exist on the surface, the base material is a steel material which is 0.45-1.2% of carbon element by mass and takes cementite as a strengthening phase, and the C wt% of the carbon element is more than or equal to 0.45% and less than or equal to 1.2%;
(2) adopting a pure Nb rod as an electrode material to carry out electric spark deposition to prepare the NbC reinforced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating, adopting inert gas to protect in the deposition process, wherein the specific process parameters of the deposition are as follows: the output power is 1000-3000W, the output voltage is 120-300V, and the deposition rate is 0.5-10min/cm2。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the NbC-enhanced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating comprises: the carbon element of the NbC phase in the nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating comes from a matrix material when the NbC phase is formed.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the NbC-enhanced nanocrystalline wear-resistant coating comprises: the mass fraction of carbon element in the steel material taking cementite as the strengthening phase is more than or equal to 0.50 percent and less than or equal to 1.0 percent by weight of C.
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| CN104513947B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-02-08 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Preparation method of amorphous nanocrystalline coating based on electric-spark deposition |
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