CN111719074A - Preparation method for high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting - Google Patents
Preparation method for high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111719074A CN111719074A CN202010700147.7A CN202010700147A CN111719074A CN 111719074 A CN111719074 A CN 111719074A CN 202010700147 A CN202010700147 A CN 202010700147A CN 111719074 A CN111719074 A CN 111719074A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
A preparation method of high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting relates to a preparation method of a magnesium-based composite. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the proportion of magnesium alloy waste is low and the strength of a large amount of magnesium alloy waste is poor in the existing preparation process of magnesium-based composite materials. The invention adopts the lost foam casting method, utilizes bidirectional shearing and stirring, adds high-entropy alloy particles and carries out ultrasonic treatment in the pouring process, thereby effectively improving the tissue inheritance, avoiding uneven dispersion of the particles at different positions of the magnesium alloy melt, reducing coarsening of the structure, inhibiting the growth of crystal grains in the solidification process, refining the crystal grains, improving the utilization rate of magnesium alloy waste and improving the performance of lost foam casting products. The AZ91D waste material has high utilization rate, the highest added waste material amount accounts for 34 percent of the total mass, not only saves raw materials and reduces cost, but also is suitable for continuous production operation, and belongs to an environment-friendly method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a magnesium-based composite material.
Background
The magnesium alloy is one of green materials in the 21 st century, is the lightest metal material for engineering application, and has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good anti-seismic damping performance and the like. With the wide application of magnesium alloy in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, communication equipment, traffic and the like, more and more magnesium alloy parts are produced, and the waste amount of the magnesium alloy parts is increased. In order to pursue zero waste and green manufacturing, the recycling of magnesium alloy is increasingly concerned by material workers, and the recycling is concerned with process waste products and unqualified parts generated in the manufacturing process of magnesium alloy parts, or waste materials such as material heads, pouring gates, dead heads, slag ladles and the like in products. The scrap metal is generally subjected to a purchasing treatment or is used in a small amount as a scrap material. In order to save materials, produce with low cost, meet mass production and reduce pollution, process waste or metal waste is required to be used as the addition amount of the foundry returns. As is known, because the magnesium alloy reclaimed material has structural defects and has hereditary tissue, only a small amount of the magnesium alloy reclaimed material can be added as a returned material in the production process, and a large amount of waste is used for remelting in the production process, the cast product has a large tissue and low mechanical property. At present, the proportion of new alloy ingots is more than 95 percent when magnesium alloy products are produced, how to increase the proportion of waste materials during production and reasonably utilize the magnesium alloy waste materials or waste products has important significance for saving resources of enterprises and society and reducing the cost of magnesium alloy castings and environmental pollution. At present, there are some methods for improving the quality of the recycled scrap, such as controlling the quality of the original charge, optimizing the melt processing technology such as mechanical stirring, adding rare-earth cerium to control the inheritance of the alloy structure, and improving the quality of the recycled scrap melt.
The lost foam casting method is a casting process with clean production, high casting precision and flexible design. The lost foam casting process has wide application, and compared with other casting processes, the process is simple, the environmental pollution is small, the yield of the casting is higher, and the economic benefit is more considerable.
The rotary blowing stirring is generally used for melt purification and degassing of aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy to reduce oxide inclusions in the melt. At present, the particles are added by rotary blowing stirring, the particles are easy to agglomerate in a melt due to the wrapping and adsorption effects, stirring and mixing are needed, if the particles are not dispersed in the stirring process, the melt homogeneity is influenced, and shearing force or vortex is generated by shearing and stirring, so that the shearing and dispersion of particle aggregates can be realized. The ultrasonic treatment can eliminate coarse structure broken dendrites, so as to achieve the purpose of refining grains and making the structure uniform, and is beneficial to improving the internal quality of the casting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting, aiming at solving the technical problems that the proportion of magnesium alloy waste is small in the preparation process of the existing magnesium-based composite, and the strength of a large amount of magnesium alloy waste is poor.
The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting is carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, smelting: placing a new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy and AZ91D magnesium alloy waste materials at the bottom of a smelting furnace, introducing protective gas or adding a flame-retardant covering agent into the furnace when the temperature in the furnace rises to 400-450 ℃, then heating to 740-750 ℃, and performing rotary blowing bidirectional stirring after substances in the furnace are completely melted into a liquid state; adding high-entropy alloy particles into the magnesium alloy melt under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 100-400 rpm, and then stirring for 1-5 min under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 100-400 rpm to obtain a mixed melt;
the mass fraction of the high-entropy alloy particles in the mixed melt is 1-10%, and the diameter of the high-entropy alloy particles is less than 25 mu m; the mass fraction of the new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy in the mixed melt is 65-80%; the mass fraction of the AZ91D magnesium alloy waste in the mixed melt is 10-34%;
the rotary blowing bidirectional stirring method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary blowing on the magnesium alloy melt by using two rotary degassing machines, wherein the stirring directions of the two rotary degassing machines are opposite;
secondly, lost foam casting: preparing a casting model by using rigid foam, coating a coating with the thickness of 1-2 mm on the outer surface of the casting model, drying the foam model at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ for 5-10 h, putting the foam model into a sand box, filling the sand model, vibrating and compacting the foam model, cutting a redundant foam riser, covering a layer of plastic film on the compacted sand box, installing a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, and keeping the vacuum degree of the vacuum box at 0.05-0.15 MPa; tightly attaching an ultrasonic head of ultrasonic equipment to the outer side wall, closest to the melt, of a sand box, starting the ultrasonic equipment, performing lost foam casting under the action of ultrasonic until the end of casting, wherein the casting temperature is 700-740 ℃; then opening the die, taking out the casting, and cooling the casting to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite; the ultrasonic frequency is 20 Hz-30 Hz.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts a lost foam casting method, utilizes bidirectional shearing and stirring, adds high-entropy alloy particles and carries out ultrasonic treatment in the pouring process, effectively improves the tissue inheritance, optimizes the improvement effect, avoids uneven dispersion of the particles at different positions of a magnesium alloy melt, reduces coarsening of the structure, inhibits growth of crystal grains in the solidification process, refines the crystal grains, and achieves the purposes of improving the adding amount of magnesium alloy waste, improving the utilization rate of the magnesium alloy waste and improving the performance of lost foam casting products.
The invention adopts the lost foam casting method, has high casting precision, flexible casting design, saving subsequent processing links, clean production, little environmental pollution and good mechanical property, and meets the requirement of industrialized mass production.
The method has the advantages that the utilization rate of the AZ91D magnesium alloy waste material is high in the production process, the highest added waste material amount accounts for 34% of the total mass, raw materials are saved, the cost is reduced, the method is also suitable for continuous production operation, and the method belongs to an environment-friendly method.
The rotary blowing bidirectional shearing and stirring device utilizes rotary blowing bidirectional shearing and stirring and simultaneously carries out shearing and stirring in the positive direction and the negative direction, so that the stirring time is reduced, the production period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved; the bidirectional shearing and stirring are easy to break the agglomeration of particles, so that the particles are uniformly dispersed; meanwhile, the alloy melt and the AZ91D magnesium alloy waste are refined, and the purpose of improving the performance of the lost foam casting product is achieved.
The invention adds high-entropy alloy particles, refines crystal grains and improves the strength and the hardness; meanwhile, high-entropy alloy particles are utilized to destroy a short-range ordered structure, change the solidification speed, have a barrier effect on dendritic crystal growth, change the growth orientation of primary crystals, change coarse grains into fine isometric crystals, facilitate elimination of tissue inheritance under lost foam casting, facilitate refinement of tissues and increase of the addition amount of waste materials.
The invention utilizes the ultrasonic treatment which is high-frequency vibration to drive the sand box to vibrate, can break the dendritic crystal refined structure and generate the effect of refining grains, the ultrasonic treatment is that an ultrasonic energy field acts on the metal melt to generate a cavity which can be used as heterogeneous nucleation particles in the melt, can eliminate or reduce the coarse structure generated in the solidification process, is beneficial to improving the internal quality of the casting and achieves the aim of improving the performance of the lost foam casting product.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a preparation method for lost foam casting of a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, smelting: placing a new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy and AZ91D magnesium alloy waste materials at the bottom of a smelting furnace, introducing protective gas or adding a flame-retardant covering agent into the furnace when the temperature in the furnace rises to 400-450 ℃, then heating to 740-750 ℃, and performing rotary blowing bidirectional stirring after substances in the furnace are completely melted into a liquid state; adding high-entropy alloy particles into the magnesium alloy melt under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 100-400 rpm, and then stirring for 1-5 min under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 100-400 rpm to obtain a mixed melt;
the mass fraction of the high-entropy alloy particles in the mixed melt is 1-10%, and the diameter of the high-entropy alloy particles is less than 25 mu m; the mass fraction of the new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy in the mixed melt is 65-80%; the mass fraction of the AZ91D magnesium alloy waste in the mixed melt is 10-34%;
the rotary blowing bidirectional stirring method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary blowing on the magnesium alloy melt by using two rotary degassing machines, wherein the stirring directions of the two rotary degassing machines are opposite;
secondly, lost foam casting: preparing a casting model by using rigid foam, coating a coating with the thickness of 1-2 mm on the outer surface of the casting model, drying the foam model at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ for 5-10 h, putting the foam model into a sand box, filling the sand model, vibrating and compacting the foam model, cutting a redundant foam riser, covering a layer of plastic film on the compacted sand box, installing a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, and keeping the vacuum degree of the vacuum box at 0.05-0.15 MPa; tightly attaching an ultrasonic head of ultrasonic equipment to the outer side wall, closest to the melt, of a sand box, starting the ultrasonic equipment, performing lost foam casting under the action of ultrasonic until the end of casting, wherein the casting temperature is 700-740 ℃; then opening the die, taking out the casting, and cooling the casting to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite; the ultrasonic frequency is 20 Hz-30 Hz.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the high-entropy alloy particles in the first step are AlCoCrFeNi series, AlCoCrCuFeNi series or AlCoCuFeNi series. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the flame-retardant covering agent in the step one is RJ2 solvent. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the AZ91D magnesium alloy waste in the step one is a stub bar, a pouring gate, a riser or a slag ladle of a defective and scrapped AZ91D cast casting in the alloy preparation process. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the protective gas in the first step is a gas formed by mixing sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide according to a volume ratio of 1 (20-100). The rest is the same as the fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that: the gas used in the rotary blowing in the first step is one or a mixed gas of two of inert gases. The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the sixth embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in that: the inert gas in the first step is argon. The rest is the same as the fifth embodiment.
The invention was verified with the following tests:
test one: the test is a preparation method for lost foam casting of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material, and the preparation method is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, smelting: placing a new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy and AZ91D magnesium alloy waste materials at the bottom of a smelting furnace, introducing protective gas into the furnace when the temperature in the furnace rises to 450 ℃, heating to 750 ℃, and performing rotary blowing bidirectional stirring after substances in the furnace are completely melted into a liquid state; adding high-entropy alloy particles into the magnesium alloy melt under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 400rpm, and then stirring for 3min under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 400rpm to obtain a mixed melt;
the mass fraction of the high-entropy alloy particles in the mixed melt is 5%, and the diameter of the high-entropy alloy particles is less than 25 mu m; the mass fraction of the new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy in the mixed melt is 65%; the mass fraction of AZ91D magnesium alloy waste in the mixed melt is 30%;
the rotary blowing bidirectional stirring method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary blowing on the magnesium alloy melt by using two rotary degassing machines, wherein the stirring directions of the two rotary degassing machines are opposite;
the high-entropy alloy particles in the first step are AlCoCrFeNi; the magnesium alloy AZ91D industrial waste in the step one is a defective AZ91D casting part in the alloy preparation process;
the protective gas in the first step is a gas formed by mixing sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide according to a volume ratio of 1: 100; in the first step, the gas used for rotary blowing is argon;
secondly, lost foam casting: preparing a casting model by using rigid foam, coating a coating with the thickness of 1.5mm on the outer surface of the casting model, drying the foam model at 200 ℃ for 10 hours, putting the foam model into a sand box, filling the sand mould, vibrating and compacting the foam model, cutting a redundant foam riser, covering a layer of plastic film on the compacted sand box, mounting a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, and keeping the vacuum degree of the vacuum degree to be 0.15 MPa; tightly attaching an ultrasonic head of ultrasonic equipment to the outer side wall, closest to the melt, of a sand box, starting the ultrasonic equipment, performing lost foam casting under the action of ultrasonic until the end of casting, wherein the casting temperature is 740 ℃; then opening the die, taking out the casting, and cooling the casting to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite; the ultrasonic frequency is 20 Hz.
And (2) test II: this test is a comparative test: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, smelting: placing a new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy and AZ91D magnesium alloy waste materials at the bottom of a smelting furnace, introducing protective gas into the furnace when the temperature in the furnace rises to 450 ℃, heating to 750 ℃, and obtaining a mixed melt after all substances in the furnace are melted into a liquid state;
the mass fraction of AZ91D magnesium alloy waste in the mixed melt is 5%;
the AZ91D magnesium alloy scrap in the step one is a defective AZ91D casting part in the alloy preparation process;
the protective gas in the first step is a gas formed by mixing sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide according to a volume ratio of 1: 100; in the first step, the gas used for rotary blowing is argon;
secondly, lost foam casting: preparing a casting model by using rigid foam, coating a coating with the thickness of 1.5mm on the outer surface, drying the foam model for 10 hours at the temperature of 200 ℃, putting the foam model into a sand box, filling sand for molding, vibrating and compacting, cutting redundant foam risers, covering a layer of plastic film on the compacted sand box, mounting a pouring cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, controlling the vacuum degree negative pressure to be 0.15MPa, performing lost foam casting until the pouring is finished, and controlling the pouring temperature to be 740 ℃; and then opening the die, taking out the casting, and cooling the casting to obtain the magnesium-based composite material.
In table 1, the tensile strength and HV hardness values of the mg-based composite alloy prepared in the first test and the second test show that the method of the present invention can improve the properties of the mg alloy.
TABLE 1
| Tensile strength MPa | HV hardness | |
| Test No.) | 200 | 91 |
| Test No. two | 160 | 76 |
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method for lost foam casting of high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, smelting: placing a new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy and AZ91D magnesium alloy waste materials at the bottom of a smelting furnace, introducing protective gas or adding a flame-retardant covering agent into the furnace when the temperature in the furnace rises to 400-450 ℃, then heating to 740-750 ℃, and performing rotary blowing bidirectional stirring after substances in the furnace are completely melted into a liquid state; adding high-entropy alloy particles into the magnesium alloy melt under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 100-400 rpm, and then stirring for 1-5 min under the conditions of rotary blowing bidirectional stirring and both bidirectional stirring speeds of 100-400 rpm to obtain a mixed melt;
the mass fraction of the high-entropy alloy particles in the mixed melt is 1-10%, and the diameter of the high-entropy alloy particles is less than 25 mu m; the mass fraction of the new ingot AZ91D magnesium alloy in the mixed melt is 65-80%; the mass fraction of the AZ91D magnesium alloy waste in the mixed melt is 10-34%;
the rotary blowing bidirectional stirring method comprises the following steps: carrying out rotary blowing on the magnesium alloy melt by using two rotary degassing machines, wherein the stirring directions of the two rotary degassing machines are opposite;
secondly, lost foam casting: preparing a casting model by using rigid foam, coating a coating with the thickness of 1-2 mm on the outer surface of the casting model, drying the foam model at the temperature of 100-200 ℃ for 5-10 h, putting the foam model into a sand box, filling the sand model, vibrating and compacting the foam model, cutting a redundant foam riser, covering a layer of plastic film on the compacted sand box, installing a sprue cup on the plastic film, vacuumizing the sand box, and keeping the vacuum degree of the vacuum box at 0.05-0.15 MPa; tightly attaching an ultrasonic head of ultrasonic equipment to the outer side wall, closest to the melt, of a sand box, starting the ultrasonic equipment, performing lost foam casting under the action of ultrasonic until the end of casting, wherein the casting temperature is 700-740 ℃; then opening the die, taking out the casting, and cooling the casting to obtain the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite; the ultrasonic frequency is 20 Hz-30 Hz.
2. The preparation method of the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-entropy alloy particles in the first step are AlCoCrFeNi series, AlCoCrCuFeNi series or AlCoCuFeNi series.
3. The method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flame retardant covering agent in the first step is RJ2 solvent.
4. The method for preparing the high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting according to claim 1, wherein the AZ91D magnesium alloy scrap in the step one is a stub bar, a pouring gate, a riser or a slag ladle of a defective and scrapped AZ91D casting in the alloy preparation process.
5. The preparation method of high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shielding gas in the first step is a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 1 (20-100).
6. The method for preparing a high-entropy alloy particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material by lost foam casting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas used in the rotary blowing in the step one is an inert gas.
7. A method for preparing high entropy alloy particle reinforced Mg-based composite lost foam casting as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inert gas is argon.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113333676A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 华中科技大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted device for lost foam casting of magnesium-aluminum bimetal casting and application |
| WO2023238113A1 (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-12-14 | Moshaver Hamid | An apparatus for lost foam casting of a metal using vacuum during solidification and an improved method for lost foam casting of a metal using the apparatus |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113333676A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-03 | 华中科技大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted device for lost foam casting of magnesium-aluminum bimetal casting and application |
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| WO2023238113A1 (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-12-14 | Moshaver Hamid | An apparatus for lost foam casting of a metal using vacuum during solidification and an improved method for lost foam casting of a metal using the apparatus |
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