CN111710968A - Millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed - Google Patents
Millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed Download PDFInfo
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- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: set up in the difference filtering antenna structure of double-deck circuit board top layer to and set up in the broadband filtering merit of double-deck circuit board bottom and divide ware structure and phase inverter structure, wherein the broadband filtering merit divides the ware structure to include: the two first feed holes are respectively and correspondingly connected with one second feed hole on the two main patches, signals are input through the two second ports, and the signals are output through the first ports. Therefore, the structure of the filtering power divider is introduced into a bandwidth expansion part, and the bandwidth of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electricity, in particular to a millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed.
Background
At present, with the rapid increase of communication demand of people, the traditional 4G technology has difficulty to meet the requirements of people on low time delay and high efficiency of information transmission. With the development of 5G mobile communication systems, the mobile communication industry has begun to explore wide bandwidth and low interference application frequency bands in the millimeter wave frequency band. In 2019, the world radio communication conference has already approved a new solution about determining the frequency spectrum of the 5G millimeter wave band, and the development prospect of the millimeter wave band in mobile communication can be predicted.
The antenna is used as a device for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves and has an important role in radio frequency/microwave circuits and subsystems. Filtering antennas have been widely studied because they reduce the need for filters and reduce mutual coupling between closely spaced antennas operating at different frequencies. Based on the filtering antenna, how to improve the working bandwidth of the filtering antenna becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed, which is used for improving the working bandwidth of a filtering antenna. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed, including:
the differential filtering antenna structure serving as an antenna radiation part is arranged on the top layer of the double-layer circuit board;
the broadband filtering power divider structure and the inverter structure which are used as the antenna feed component are arranged on the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board, and the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board further comprises: two first feed holes are formed;
the metal ground is arranged in the middle layer between the top layer of the double-layer circuit board and the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the differential filtering antenna structure includes: the two main patches are symmetrically arranged, and a second feed hole is formed in each of the two main patches;
the broadband filtering power divider structure comprises: a first port, two second ports for serving as outputs of the wideband filtering power divider structure, a coupling line connected between the first port and the two second ports, and a bandwidth extension component connected to the coupling line and disposed outside the coupling line;
the two second ports are respectively connected to the two input ports of the phase inverter structure, the two output ports of the phase inverter structure are connected to the two first feed holes, the two first feed holes are respectively and correspondingly connected to one second feed hole on the two main patches, signals are input through the two second ports, and the signals are output through the first ports.
Further, the wideband filtering power divider structure includes: the first section of microstrip line, the first impedance transformation section and the second impedance transformation section which are connected with the first section of microstrip line, the coupling line and the open-circuit stub line; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the coupling line includes: two sets of coupling lines connected to one path of the first impedance transformation section, and two sets of coupling lines connected to the other path of the first impedance transformation section, wherein a first coupling line of the two sets of coupling lines includes: the microstrip coupling line comprises a first section of microstrip coupling line and a second section of microstrip coupling line, wherein the second coupling line in the two groups of coupling lines comprises: the second section of microstrip coupling line is connected with the first impedance conversion section, a gap exists between the first section of microstrip coupling line and the second section of microstrip coupling line, and a gap exists between the third section of microstrip coupling line and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line;
the bandwidth expansion component is an open-circuit stub consisting of two sections of branches with quarter wavelength connected in series; one of the two branches is connected with the first microstrip coupling line, and the other branch is connected with the other branch;
the inverter structure includes: the length difference between the second section of microstrip line and the third section of microstrip line is half wavelength, and the second section of microstrip line is respectively connected with the fourth section of microstrip coupling line and one second port of the two second ports.
Further, one of the two branches is a half-wavelength open-circuit stub, the other of the two branches is a half-wavelength open-circuit stub, the two half-wavelength open-circuit stubs are symmetrical structures, one of the two branches is close to the edge of the first coupling line, and the edge is gradually far away from the first coupling line of the two sets of coupling lines from the middle of the edge to the two ends of the edge.
Further, the differential filtering antenna structure further includes: the two parasitic patches are respectively arranged on the outer sides opposite to the two main patches, each main patch is coupled with the parasitic patch on the outer side of the main patch, and the two parasitic patches are symmetrically arranged.
Furthermore, two main patches are respectively E-shaped patch antennas, two parasitic patches are respectively rectangular patch antennas, E-shaped openings of the two main patches are arranged oppositely, the rectangular patch antennas are respectively arranged on the outer sides of E-shaped sealing edges on the two E-shaped patch antennas, and the sealing edges are sealing edges on the opposite sides of the E-shaped openings.
Furthermore, the length of the side, close to the seal edge, of the rectangular patch antenna is more than half of the length of the seal edge.
Furthermore, the E-shaped openings of the two main patches are arranged oppositely, the edges of the two main patches and the other side of the E-shaped openings are sealed, two corners where the sealed edges are located are respectively provided with a groove, and a gap exists between each main patch and the parasitic patch outside the main patch.
Further, the groove is a square groove.
Furthermore, two isolation holes are formed in the metal ground, and the area of each isolation hole is larger than that of the corresponding second feed hole.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, where the processor and the communication interface complete communication between the memory and the processor through the communication bus;
a memory for storing a computer program;
a processor for implementing the steps of the method of any one of the first aspect when executing a program stored in the memory.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a differential filtering antenna structure arranged on the top layer of a double-layer circuit board, and a broadband filtering power divider structure and a phase inverter structure arranged on the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board, wherein the broadband filtering power divider structure comprises: the two first feed holes are respectively and correspondingly connected with one second feed hole on the two main patches, signals are input through the two second ports, and the signals are output through the first ports. Therefore, the broadband filtering power divider structure is introduced into a bandwidth expansion part, and the bandwidth of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is improved.
Of course, not all of the advantages described above need to be achieved at the same time in the practice of any one product or method of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an explosion structure diagram of a millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feeding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wideband filter power divider structure and an inverter structure circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic plane structure diagram of a wideband filtering power divider structure and an inverter structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a differential filter dual patch antenna structure with a center frequency of 39GHz according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of an intermediate metal ground at a center frequency of 39GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows the return loss parameters at a center frequency of 39GHz according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 shows the gain parameter at a center frequency of 39GHz according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8(a) is an E-plane radiation pattern at a center frequency of 39GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8(b) is an H-plane radiation pattern at a center frequency of 39GHz according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problem of how to improve the working bandwidth of the filtering antenna, the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed introduces a broadband filtering power divider structure into a bandwidth expansion component, so that the bandwidth of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is improved.
First, a millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below.
The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to electronic equipment, and specifically, the electronic equipment can be as follows: desktop computers, laptop computers, intelligent mobile terminals, servers, and the like. Without limitation, any electronic device that can implement the embodiments of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed has a wide application range, such as but not limited to mobile stations, frequency hopping radars, base stations, and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, in the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feeding according to the embodiment of the present invention, the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feeding may include the following structures:
the differential filtering antenna structure 1 as an antenna radiation component is arranged on the top layer of the double-layer circuit board.
And the broadband filtering power divider structure 2 and the inverter structure 5 which are used as antenna feeding components are arranged on the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board. The output of the broadband filtering power divider structure 2 is connected with the input of the inverter structure 5, and is connected with a feed hole, namely a first feed hole, formed on the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board through the output of the inverter structure 5.
The metal ground is arranged in the middle layer between the top layer of the double-layer circuit board and the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the differential filtering antenna structure includes: two main paster 11, two main paster symmetries set up, have seted up a second feed hole 12 on two main pasters respectively.
The broadband filtering power divider structure 2 includes: the broadband filter power divider comprises a first port, two second ports used as the output of a broadband filter power divider structure 2, a coupling line connected between the first port and the two second ports, and a bandwidth expansion component connected with the coupling line and arranged outside the coupling line; the two second ports are respectively connected to two input ports of the phase inverter structure 5, two output ports of the phase inverter structure 5 are connected to two first feed holes, that is, one first feed hole 41 and the other second feed hole 42, the two first feed holes are respectively and correspondingly connected to one second feed hole 12 on the two main patches, signals are input through the two second ports, and the signals are output through the first ports. The second feed hole is used for signal transmission between the broadband filtering power divider structure and the differential filtering antenna structure. The second feeding hole 12 may be a via hole, and may also be referred to as a metal via hole. Corresponding to the second feeding hole 12, the two first feeding holes may also be vias, which may also be referred to as metal vias.
It should be noted that, the broadband filtering power divider structure is used for implementing the functions of power division, bandwidth expansion and filtering, so that the functions of power division, bandwidth expansion and filtering can be integrated in a circuit board, the occupied area is reduced, and the interference among different independent power divider components, bandwidth expansion components and filtering components is reduced. However, the inverter structure is used to realize an inverting function.
The inverter structure may refer to microstrip lines connected after the two second ports in the wideband filtering power divider structure, that is, a microstrip line 215 connected between one second port and one first feed hole, and a microstrip line 216 connected between the other second port and the other first feed hole, as shown in fig. 3. The phase inverter structure is used for being respectively connected with the second port and the first port and between the two first feed holes to realize the phase inversion function. The microstrip line can be disposed in a circular arc shape, but not limited to, near the end surface of the first feed hole, so as to match with the port on the double-layer circuit board.
For convenience of description, the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupling power divider feeding in the embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as a millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna.
The whole millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is a single-port device, and the single port can be used as an input port and an output port. The single port corresponds to the first port in the wideband filter power divider structure. The first port is a Sub-Miniature-a (SMA) connector. The SMA connector passes through the metal ground to feed the circuit structure of the bottom layer broadband filtering power divider.
In the embodiment of the invention, the broadband filtering power divider structure is introduced into a bandwidth expansion part, so that the bandwidth of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is improved.
It should be further noted that the double-layer circuit board in the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna herein includes two dielectric substrates, i.e., a top dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate. The top side of the top layer dielectric substrate, the bottom side of the lower layer dielectric substrate and the middle side between the two layers of dielectric substrates of the double-layer circuit board are respectively provided with a metal layer, namely, top layer metal, middle metal ground and lower layer metal. The intermediate metal floor is the metal floor arranged in the intermediate layer.
The millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is constructed on a double-layer circuit board, namely a double-metal patch structure can be formed on the upper layer metal. The wideband filtering power divider structure is also constructed on a double-layer circuit board, that is, a wideband filtering power divider structure can be formed on the lower layer metal.
The thickness range of the common double-layer dielectric substrate is related to the standard thickness of the plate provided by a manufacturer, the thickness range of the optional top-layer dielectric substrate can be but is not limited to 0.2 mm-0.3 mm, the thickness range of the bottom-layer dielectric substrate can be but is not limited to 0.5 mm-0.51 mm, and the bandwidth is the widest and the effect is the best when the thickness is 0.508 mm. The top dielectric substrate and the bottom dielectric substrate can both be selected from Rogers RO4003, the dielectric constant can be 3.55, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate can be 0.508mm, the thickness of the lower dielectric substrate can be 0.203mm, and the dielectric loss can be 0.0027. The embodiment of the invention utilizes the double-layer circuit board, namely the double-layer printed circuit board, the method is mature, and the design thought is simple. The millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna adopting the size has the characteristics of simple structure, small size, wide frequency band, obvious gain zero point and good filtering performance.
Based on the above description of the dielectric substrate, the branch, the open stub, the microstrip coupling line, the microstrip line, the first impedance transformation section and the second impedance transformation section, and the coupling line and the open stub in the embodiment of the present invention are named according to different functions. The branch section, the open-circuit stub, the microstrip coupling line, the microstrip line, the first impedance transformation section and the second impedance transformation section, and the coupling line and the open-circuit stub can respectively refer to different microstrip lines, and the different microstrip lines are arranged at different positions of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna to realize different functions.
In order to increase the coupling effect, the coupling lines may include a plurality of coupling lines, and the plurality of coupling lines are connected to each other. Furthermore, the multiple coupled lines of one path serve as one power dividing line of the broadband filtering power divider structure, and the multiple coupled lines of the other path serve as the other power dividing line of the broadband filtering power divider structure, and are located between the other second port and the other second port. For example, the first coupling line includes: the microstrip coupling line comprises a first section of microstrip coupling line and a second section of microstrip coupling line, wherein the second coupling line in the two groups of coupling lines comprises: the third section of microstrip coupling line and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line, the third coupling line includes: the fifth section of microstrip coupling line and the sixth section of microstrip coupling line, the fourth coupling line includes: a seventh section of microstrip coupling line and an eighth section of microstrip coupling line.
Of course, the number of the coupled lines in the schematic diagram increases for each additional coupled line, and will not be described in detail here. Generally, the more the number of groups of microstrip coupling lines is, the better the coupling function is, but the size of the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna is also increased correspondingly, so that the balance needs to be performed on the size of the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna and the coupling function of the microstrip coupling lines. Therefore, the coupling circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention may include: and two groups of coupling lines are arranged, wherein one group of coupling lines is used as one power dividing line of the broadband filtering power divider structure, and the other group of coupling lines is used as the other power dividing line of the broadband filtering power divider structure. Therefore, the coupling function of the microstrip coupling line can be realized on the basis of not increasing the size of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna.
Furthermore, two groups of coupling lines of one path are respectively a first coupling line and a second coupling line, and the first coupling line includes: the first section of microstrip coupling line and the second section of microstrip coupling line are arranged in parallel relatively and are used for coupling; the second coupling line includes: the microstrip coupling line comprises a third section of microstrip coupling line and a fourth section of microstrip coupling line, wherein the third section of microstrip coupling line and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line are arranged in parallel relatively and are used for coupling.
The first section of microstrip coupling line and the third section of microstrip coupling line are located on the same side, that is, the line end of the first section of microstrip coupling line is arranged opposite to the line end of the third section of microstrip coupling line, the second section of microstrip coupling line and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line are located on the same side, that is, the line end of the second section of microstrip coupling line is arranged opposite to the line end of the fourth section of microstrip coupling line, and a gap is formed between the line end of the second section of microstrip coupling line and the line end of the fourth section of microstrip coupling line. Since the line end is relatively small and has a gap, the coupling between the line end of the second section of microstrip coupling line and the line end of the fourth section of microstrip coupling line can be ignored, and therefore the coupling between the second section of microstrip coupling line and the first section of microstrip coupling line arranged in parallel relatively and the coupling between the fourth section of microstrip coupling line and the third section of microstrip coupling line arranged in parallel relatively are not affected, as shown in fig. 2. The concrete description is as follows.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit of a wideband filtering power divider structure and an inverter structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following describes the implementation principle of the broadband filtering power divider structure and the inverter structure in the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna with reference to fig. 3:
the broadband filtering power divider structure is realized by a lower circuit board in a double-layer circuit board in the embodiment of the invention, the bottom layer of the lower circuit board is provided with the broadband filtering power divider structure and a phase inverter structure, and the top layer of the lower circuit board is provided with the middle metal ground. The metal via holes, i.e., the two first feed holes, on the lower circuit board are used for connecting two second ports of the broadband filtering power divider structure with the differential filtering dual patch antenna by passing through the double-layer circuit board through two output ports of the inverter structure, where the two first feed holes are a first feed hole 41 and another first feed hole 42, respectively. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna has a first port 21 as a whole, which is an SMA connector. The quarter-wave first impedance transformation section 25 and the further quarter-wave second impedance transformation section 210 are of symmetrical construction, having the same dimensions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance of the second microstrip coupling line 26 in one set of first coupling lines and the second microstrip coupling line 211 in the other set of first coupling lines are respectively Ze1,Zo1The even mode impedance and the odd mode impedance of the fourth microstrip coupling line 28 in one set of the second coupling lines and the fourth microstrip coupling line 213 in the other set of the second coupling lines are respectively Ze2,Zo2The length of which is the central operating frequency f0At a quarter wavelength. The open-circuit stub consists of two sections of branches with quarter wavelength connected in series, and the characteristic impedance of one section of branch 27 and the characteristic impedance of the other section of branch 212 are respectively Z1、Z2Each branch length is the central working frequency f0Is the quarter wavelength of (a). The characteristic impedances of the first microstrip line 24, the second microstrip line 29 and the third microstrip line 214 are all Z3. Because of the up-down symmetrical structure, the even mode odd mode impedance of all two sets of coupled lines is the same.
The first microstrip line 24 is used as an input of a wideband filtering power divider structure, and is connected with the quarter-wavelength first impedance transformation section 25, the second microstrip coupling line 26 and the branch 27 in the group of first coupling lines, the fourth microstrip coupling line 28 in the group of second coupling lines as an output of the wideband filtering power divider structure, and the other quarter-wavelength second impedance transformation section 210 and the second impedance transformation section, the second microstrip coupling line 211 and the other branch 212 in the other group of first coupling lines, and the fourth microstrip coupling line 213 in the group of second coupling lines are used as an output of the wideband filtering power divider structure, so as to form a power dividing function, which may be referred to as a power divider structure. And a filtering and bandwidth expanding function is formed in the power dividing process, namely the structure of the broadband filtering power divider can be formed. Therefore, the functions of power division, filtering and bandwidth expansion can be integrated in the circuit board, the occupied area is reduced, and the interference among different independent power divider components, filtering components and bandwidth expansion components is reduced.
In order to obtain a differential signal, the third microstrip line 214 is extended by the central operating frequency f0The two paths of signals of the broadband filtering power divider structure show equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference due to the half wavelength, so that the two paths of signals output by the two second ports have equal amplitude and 180-degree phase difference, and the function of an inverter is realized.
The third microstrip line prolongs the central working frequency f0The length of the third section of microstrip line is longer than that of the second section of microstrip line by a half-wavelength value, generally, the half-wavelength is 2.24mm, and thus, the length of the third section of microstrip line is longer than that of the second section of microstrip line by 2.24 mm.
With reference to the above description of the principle of the structure of the wideband filtering power divider, a possible implementation structure of the wideband filtering power divider is described as follows:
the broadband filtering power divider structure comprises: the first section of microstrip line, the first impedance transformation section and the second impedance transformation section which are connected with the first section of microstrip line, the coupling line and the open-circuit stub line; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the coupling line includes: two sets of coupling lines connected to one path of the first impedance transformation section, and two sets of coupling lines connected to the other path of the first impedance transformation section, wherein a first coupling line of the two sets of coupling lines includes: the microstrip coupling line comprises a first section of microstrip coupling line and a second section of microstrip coupling line, wherein the second coupling line in the two groups of coupling lines comprises: the second section of microstrip coupling line is connected with the first impedance conversion section, a gap exists between the first section of microstrip coupling line and the second section of microstrip coupling line, a gap exists between the third section of microstrip coupling line and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line, and the second section of microstrip coupling line is respectively arranged between the first impedance conversion section and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line; the first section of microstrip coupling line is coupled with the second section of microstrip coupling line; the third section of microstrip coupling line is coupled with the fourth section of microstrip coupling line;
the bandwidth expansion component is an open-circuit stub consisting of two sections of branches with quarter wavelength connected in series; one of the two branches is connected with the first microstrip coupling line, and the other branch is connected with the other branch;
the inverter structure includes: the length difference between the second section of microstrip line and the third section of microstrip line is half wavelength, and the second section of microstrip line is respectively connected with a fourth section of microstrip coupling line in one path of second coupling line and one second port of the two second ports; and the third section of microstrip line is respectively connected with a fourth section of microstrip coupling line in the other path of second coupling line and the other second port of the two second ports. Wherein the inverter structure is used for generating a differential signal.
It should be noted that, on the basis that the third section of microstrip line and the second section of microstrip line make the two paths of output signals of the broadband filtering power divider structure have equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 180 °, in order to reduce the size of the circuit, both the second section of microstrip line and the third section of microstrip line are bent inward, as shown in fig. 3.
The bandwidth expansion component in the broadband filtering power divider structure can realize bandwidth expansion in the filtering process through the bandwidth expansion component, the bandwidth expansion component of the embodiment of the invention can be but is not limited to an open stub composed of a half-wavelength branch or two quarter-wavelength branches connected in series, and referring to fig. 3, the bandwidth expansion component is in an inverted T-shaped structure. The open-circuit stub consisting of two sections of branches with quarter wavelength connected in series occupies small circuit area, and has better bandwidth expansion performance. Any bandwidth expansion component capable of implementing the embodiment of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the embodiment of the present invention, and is not illustrated here.
Of course, in order to reduce the coupling effect between the bandwidth extension unit and the coupling line, a connection line 217 may be used to connect the bandwidth extension unit and the coupling line, as shown in fig. 3. And the stub shape used by the bandwidth extension component can generate deformation far away from the coupling line as far as possible, namely the middle height of the bandwidth extension component is the largest, and the heights of the two ends are smaller than the middle height. The middle of the connecting wire is used for being connected with the coupling line through the connecting wire, and the process that the middle height is gradually reduced to the heights of the two ends can reduce the coupling between the connecting wire and the coupling line and can also reduce the used materials.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, one of the two branches may be a half-wavelength open stub, the other of the two branches may be a half-wavelength open stub, the two branches are symmetrical structures, one of the two branches is close to an edge of the first coupling line, and the edge gradually gets away from the first coupling line of the two sets of coupling lines from the middle of the edge to the two ends of the edge. Examples are as follows:
for example, an edge of one of the two branches near the first coupling line is curved, and the middle height of the bandwidth expansion part is the largest, and the heights of the two ends are smaller than the middle height. For example, one of the two branches is linear near the edge of the first coupling line, and the heights of the two ends are smaller than the middle height. Any bandwidth extension component that can achieve both bandwidth extension and reduced coupling in embodiments of the invention is within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Based on the above description of the structure of the wideband filtering power divider, the following description continues with the structure of the differential filtering antenna.
On the basis of improving the bandwidth of the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna, in order to reduce cross polarization, in an implementation manner of the present invention, the differential filtering antenna structure may include only two main patches, and the two main patches are symmetrically arranged, so that the cross polarization is reduced by the structure of the two main patches symmetrically arranged.
The main patch antenna can be any shape patch antenna capable of reducing cross polarization, for example, the main patch antenna can be a rectangular patch antenna, and can also be an E-shaped patch antenna, and compared with the rectangular patch antenna, the E-shaped patch antenna uses less materials, has an obvious gain zero point, and has better filtering performance.
On the basis of improving the bandwidth of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna, the cross polarization can be reduced, the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna can be well matched and isolated in band, the filtering performance is good, and the gain zero point is obvious, and in one implementation mode of the invention, the differential filtering antenna structure can comprise: the two main patches are symmetrically arranged, and a second feed hole is formed in each of the two main patches; the differential filtering antenna structure further comprises: the two parasitic patches are respectively arranged on the outer sides opposite to the two main patches, each main patch is coupled with the parasitic patch on the outer side of the main patch, and the two parasitic patches are symmetrically arranged. The differential filtering double-patch antenna also achieves better broadband performance by introducing a pair of parasitic patches, and is used for expanding the bandwidth by symmetrically arranging the rectangular parasitic patches.
For the two parasitic patches, the parasitic patch can be any patch antenna with any shape for expanding the bandwidth, for example, the parasitic patch can be a rectangular patch antenna or a rhombic patch antenna, and the rectangular patch antenna is compared with the rhombic patch antenna, so that in the process of setting the parasitic patch and the main patch, the distance between the edge of the parasitic patch close to the main patch and the edge seal of the main patch is relatively shorter, coupling is facilitated, better broadband performance can be achieved, and the effect of transmitting signals is better. The following is merely an example in which the main patch may be an E-shaped patch antenna, and the parasitic patch may be a rectangular patch antenna, and is not limited herein.
Referring to fig. 4, the two main patches are respectively an E-shaped patch antenna 14, the two parasitic patches are respectively a rectangular patch antenna 13, the E-shaped openings of the two main patches are arranged oppositely, the rectangular patch antennas 13 are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the E-shaped sealed edges on the two E-shaped patch antennas, and the sealed edge is a sealed edge 141 at the other side opposite to the E-shaped opening 142, so that the edge close to the sealed edge on the rectangular patch antenna is arranged opposite to the sealed edge of the E-shaped patch antenna.
The edge of the rectangular patch antenna close to the seal edge is closer to the same length as the seal edge of the E-shaped patch antenna, so that the coupling performance is better, and the length of the edge of the rectangular patch antenna close to the seal edge can be more than half of the length of the seal edge. For example, when the edge of the rectangular patch antenna close to the edge seal is 1.82mm, and the length of the edge seal opposite to the edge seal of the E-shaped patch antenna is 1.8mm, the coupling performance is strongest, that is, the length of the edge seal is close to the length of the edge seal of the rectangular patch antenna.
Because the rectangular patch antennas are respectively arranged at the outer sides of the E-shaped sealing edges on the two E-shaped patch antennas, in order to facilitate the coupling and not increase the occupied area of a circuit, a gap exists between each main patch and a parasitic patch at the outer side of the main patch, and the gap between the rectangular patch antenna and the two E-shaped patch antennas can be between 0.08 and 0.1 mm. The embodiment of the invention can also take values between 0.08 and 0.1mm in order to realize the coupling gap.
Referring to fig. 4, based on the above description, in order to further use materials for the antennas, reduce an occupied area between the antennas, and expand a bandwidth of the antennas, the E-shaped openings of the two main patches are disposed oppositely, the other side of the two main patches opposite to the E-shaped openings is sealed, and two corners where the sealed edges are located are respectively provided with the groove 15. The groove can reduce the materials used by the antenna, reduce the occupied area between the antennas and expand the bandwidth of the antenna.
Of course, the above-mentioned groove is not limited herein as long as it can extend the bandwidth of the antenna, and for example, the groove 15 is a square groove. As shown in fig. 4. For another example, the groove may be a circular groove, which is not illustrated herein.
Based on the above descriptions of the structure of the broadband filtering power divider and the structure of the differential filtering antenna, the above-mentioned middle metal ground is described, and refer to fig. 5. Two isolation holes are formed in the middle metal ground, the areas of one isolation hole 31 in the two isolation holes and the area of the other isolation hole 32 in the two isolation holes are respectively larger than the areas of one second feed hole and the other second feed hole in the two second feed holes, and the isolation holes are arranged on the outer sides of the two second feed holes in a sleeved mode. Since the aperture of the isolation hole is larger than that of the second feed hole, the two isolation holes herein serve to reserve the space of the second feed hole 12, so that the second feed hole 12 is spaced apart from the middle metal ground, thereby not affecting the signal transmission of the second feed hole. It should be noted that the second feeding hole 12 is not formed in the middle metal ground in fig. 5, and the relationship between this isolating hole and the second feeding hole 12 is only illustrated in the figure, and the function of the isolating hole is described, that is, the signal transmission of the second feeding hole can be enabled without affecting the signal transmission of the second feeding hole.
The shapes of the two isolation holes are not limited, and the two isolation holes are convenient to arrange. The two isolation holes may be regular holes, and the two isolation holes may also be irregular holes. When the isolation holes are circular holes among the regular holes, they may be referred to as isolation circular holes. The hole shape of the second feed hole and the hole shape of the isolation hole can be consistent, namely when the isolation hole is the isolation round hole, the second feed hole can be the feed round hole.
Based on the introduction of the wideband filtering power divider structure, the differential filtering antenna structure, and the middle metal ground, the millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna is described below as a whole.
In 2019 the world radio would have approved a new resolution for determining the spectrum of the 5G millimeter wave band, dividing several millimeter wave bands for communication. The inventionThe examples show examples with center frequencies of 39GHz, respectively. Fig. 3 is a schematic plane structure diagram of a wideband filtering power divider structure and an inverter structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the characteristic impedances of the first port 21, the one first feeding hole 41 and the other first feeding hole 42 are all 50 ohms. The bottom dielectric substrate based on the embodiment of the invention is Rogers RO4003, the dielectric constant is 3.55, the thickness is 0.203mm, the dielectric loss is 0.0027, and the width W of a port is0Is 0.44mm, and has any length, L in the embodiment of the invention0Set to 1.5 mm.
In fig. 3, the first microstrip line 24, the second microstrip line 29 and the third microstrip line 214 between the first port 21 and one first feeding hole 41 and between the first port 21 and the other first feeding hole 42 have the same impedance value Z1And thus have the same line width. The embodiment of the invention has the same width W when the center frequency is 39GHz0Is 0.44mm, and has a length L0Is 1.5 mm. The third microstrip line section 214 is longer by a half wavelength than the second microstrip line section 29, and in the embodiment of the present invention, is longer by 2.24mm at the center frequency of 39 GHz. In fig. 3, the second microstrip coupling line 26 in the group of first coupling lines located between the first port 21 and one first feeding hole 41 and between the first port 21 and another first feeding hole 42, the fourth microstrip coupling line 28 in the group of second coupling lines, the second microstrip coupling line 211 in another group of first coupling lines, and the fourth microstrip coupling line 213 in the group of second coupling lines are vertically symmetric structures, and have the same line width and gap in the embodiment of the present invention, and the line width W1Is 0.1mm and W2Is 0.1 mm; gap S1Is 0.1mm, S2Is 0.1 mm. In the embodiment of the present invention, the second microstrip coupling line 26 in one group of first coupling lines has the same line length L as the second microstrip coupling line 211 in another group of first coupling lines1Is 1.32mm, the fourth microstrip coupling line 28 in one group of second coupling lines and the fourth microstrip coupling line 213 in the other group of second coupling lines have the same line length L2Is 1.3 mm. Two-segment half-wavelength open-circuit stub of one segment 27 and the other segment 212 in fig. 3Has a symmetrical structure and the same size of 1, and the first half open-circuit stub corresponding to one branch 27 has a size of WC1Is 3.25mm, LC1Is 1.11 mm; the second half-section open stub corresponding to the other branch 212 has a dimension WC2Is 1.12mm, LC2Is 1.06 mm. The quarter-wave first impedance transformation section 25 and the quarter-wave second impedance transformation section 210 in fig. 3 are symmetrical structures having the same dimension, in the embodiment of the present invention, the dimension LTIs 1mm, WTIs 0.22 mm. One first feed hole 41 and the other second feed hole 42 are respectively connected with two second feed holes 12 and connected with the differential filtering dual patch antenna on the uppermost layer, and the radius R of the via holes is 0.1 mm.
Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a differential filter dual patch antenna portion with a center frequency of 39GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention. The differential filter antenna structure is realized by an upper circuit board in a double-layer circuit board required in the embodiment of the invention, the top layer of the upper circuit board is the differential filter antenna structure, and the bottom layer of the upper circuit board is the middle metal ground. And the metal via holes on the upper layer circuit board, namely the two second feed holes, are used for enabling the differential filtering double-patch antenna to penetrate through the double-layer circuit board and be connected with the two second ports of the broadband filtering power divider structure through the two output ports of the phase inverter structure. The differential filtering double-patch antenna has a symmetrical structure, and two main patches have the same size LP1Is 1.5mm, WP11.8mm, and the space between the two main patches is SP1Is 0.2 mm. The feed point positions on the two main patches are also symmetrical, and the distance L from the edges of the patchesFIs 0.16 mm. Four slots which are symmetrical left and right by taking the feed point as the center are arranged on the main patch antenna, and in the embodiment of the invention, the size of two short slots which are close to the feed point is LS1Is 0.9mm, WS1Is 0.1 mm; two long slits far from the feed point have a dimension LS2Is 1.22mm, WS2Is 0.1 mm. The distance from the short seam to the center of the patch is T10.24mm, and the distance between the long seam and the short seam is T2Is 0.24 mm. The parasitic patch is arranged at one side far away from the feeding point of the main patch, and the gap between the parasitic patch and the main patch is SP20.1mm, and the size of the parasitic patch is LP2Is 0.35mm, WP2Is 1.82 mm. Each main patch has a square slot cut at two corners away from the feed point, the square slot having a dimension S in the embodiment of the present inventionP3Is 0.2 mm.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the intermediate metal floor of the embodiment of the present invention at a center frequency of 39 GHz. The middle metal ground is laid in the middle of the double-layer circuit board and used as the ground of the upper-layer differential filtering double-patch antenna and the lower-layer broadband filtering power divider structure. And two isolation round holes are dug in the middle metal ground at the same horizontal positions of the two via holes of the double-layer circuit board, and the diameters of the two isolation round holes are larger than those of the two second feed holes so as to transmit signals between the differential filtering antenna structure and the broadband filtering power divider structure. In an embodiment of the invention, the radius R of the isolation circle holeGIs 0.18 mm.
Fig. 6 shows the return loss parameters of the embodiment of the present invention at a center frequency of 39 GHz. When the first port 1 is excited, the signal is divided into two paths of differential signals with equal amplitude and opposite phases through the broadband filtering power divider structure, the frequency range of the return loss of the differential signal, which is less than-10 dB, is 37.32GHz to 40.8GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 8.92%; the frequency range of the return loss of the filter is less than-15 dB and is 37.97GHz to 40.41GHz, and the relative bandwidth reaches 6.25%. It can be seen that the embodiment of the invention has better broadband performance in the millimeter wave frequency band and better suppression performance outside the working frequency band.
FIG. 7 shows the gain parameter at a center frequency of 39GHz according to an embodiment of the invention. When the first feed hole is excited, the gain of the embodiment of the invention is always kept above 5dBi in the working frequency band, and the maximum gain is 6.92 dBi. Outside the working frequency band, the gain attenuation of the embodiment of the invention is faster, and compared with the traditional differential filter antenna, two obvious gain zeros appear at the left side and the right side of the working frequency band. The gain at 34.14GHz was-9.75 dBi and at 45.20GHz was-10.39 dBi, thus having very good frequency selectivity.
As shown in fig. 8(a) and 8(b), the cross polarization gain is smaller than the main polarization gain by 25dB or more in the main radiation direction.
The dimension of the whole circuit of the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna is 10.6mm multiplied by 10.8mm, and the millimeter wave differential filtering double-patch antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration and is very beneficial to device packaging.
The following continues to describe the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention also provides electronic equipment which comprises the millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the embodiment of the electronic device, since it is substantially similar to the embodiment of the method, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to part of the description of the embodiment of the method.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a millimeter wave differential filtering double patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed which characterized in that includes:
the differential filtering antenna structure serving as an antenna radiation part is arranged on the top layer of the double-layer circuit board;
the broadband filtering power divider structure and the inverter structure which are used as the antenna feed component are arranged on the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board, and the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board further comprises: two first feed holes are formed;
the metal ground is arranged in the middle layer between the top layer of the double-layer circuit board and the bottom layer of the double-layer circuit board; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the differential filtering antenna structure includes: the two main patches are symmetrically arranged, and a second feed hole is formed in each of the two main patches;
the broadband filtering power divider structure comprises: a first port, two second ports for serving as outputs of the wideband filtering power divider structure, a coupling line connected between the first port and the two second ports, and a bandwidth extension component connected to the coupling line and disposed outside the coupling line;
the two second ports are respectively connected to the two input ports of the phase inverter structure, the two output ports of the phase inverter structure are connected to the two first feed holes, the two first feed holes are respectively and correspondingly connected to one second feed hole on the two main patches, signals are input through the two second ports, and the signals are output through the first ports.
2. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupled power divider feed of claim 1, wherein the broadband filtering power divider structure comprises: the first section of microstrip line, the first impedance transformation section and the second impedance transformation section which are connected with the first section of microstrip line, the coupling line and the open-circuit stub line; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the coupling line includes: two sets of coupling lines connected to one path of the first impedance transformation section, and two sets of coupling lines connected to the other path of the first impedance transformation section, wherein a first coupling line of the two sets of coupling lines includes: the microstrip coupling line comprises a first section of microstrip coupling line and a second section of microstrip coupling line, wherein the second coupling line in the two groups of coupling lines comprises: the second section of microstrip coupling line is connected with the first impedance conversion section, a gap exists between the first section of microstrip coupling line and the second section of microstrip coupling line, and a gap exists between the third section of microstrip coupling line and the fourth section of microstrip coupling line;
the bandwidth expansion component is an open-circuit stub consisting of two sections of branches with quarter wavelength connected in series; one of the two branches is connected with the first microstrip coupling line, and the other branch is connected with the other branch;
the inverter structure includes: the length difference between the second section of microstrip line and the third section of microstrip line is half wavelength, and the second section of microstrip line is respectively connected with the fourth section of microstrip coupling line and one second port of the two second ports.
3. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupled power divider feed according to claim 2, wherein one of the two sections of branches is a half-wavelength open stub, the other of the two sections of branches is a half-wavelength open stub, the two sections of half-wavelength open stubs are symmetrical structures, one of the two sections of branches is close to an edge of the first coupling line, and the edge gradually gets away from the first coupling line of the two sets of coupling lines from the middle of the edge to both ends of the edge.
4. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual patch antenna based on coupled power divider feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the differential filtering antenna structure further comprises: the two parasitic patches are respectively arranged on the outer sides opposite to the two main patches, each main patch is coupled with the parasitic patch on the outer side of the main patch, and the two parasitic patches are symmetrically arranged.
5. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupled power divider feed according to claim 1, wherein the two main patches are E-shaped patch antennas, the two parasitic patches are rectangular patch antennas, the E-shaped openings of the two main patches are disposed opposite to each other, the rectangular patch antennas are disposed outside the E-shaped sealing edges on the two E-shaped patch antennas, and the sealing edge is the sealing edge on the other side opposite to the E-shaped opening.
6. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed of claim 5, wherein the length of the side of the rectangular patch antenna close to the seal edge is more than half of the length of the seal edge.
7. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed of claim 1, wherein the E-shaped openings of the two main patches are arranged oppositely, the edges of the two main patches on the other side opposite to the E-shaped openings are sealed, two corners where the sealed edges are located are respectively provided with a groove, and a gap exists between each main patch and the parasitic patch outside the main patch.
8. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupled power divider feed of claim 7, wherein the groove is a square groove.
9. The millimeter wave differential filtering dual-patch antenna based on coupling power divider feed of claim 1, wherein two isolation holes are formed on the metal ground, and the area of the isolation hole is larger than that of the second feed hole.
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