CN111710530A - Preparation method of low-order coal-based porous carbon and application of low-order coal-based porous carbon in supercapacitor - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-order coal-based porous carbon and application of low-order coal-based porous carbon in supercapacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111710530A CN111710530A CN202010420610.2A CN202010420610A CN111710530A CN 111710530 A CN111710530 A CN 111710530A CN 202010420610 A CN202010420610 A CN 202010420610A CN 111710530 A CN111710530 A CN 111710530A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost preparation method of low-order coal-based porous carbon, which is characterized in that the coal-based porous carbon with high porosity and graphitization degree is obtained by carrying out high-temperature (900-. By adopting the scheme, the following advantages can be realized: adopts low-rank coal raw materials with abundant reserves and low cost to mix with a high proportion of K-based compounds (K)2CO3、KOH、K2FeO4Etc.) through high-temperature activation, cleaning and drying processes, the coal-based porous carbon material with higher porosity and graphitization degree can be obtained,the material is constructed into a super capacitor device, and shows higher specific capacitance, rate capability and operation stability. Compared with the conventional carbon nano material, the coal-based porous carbon material has the advantages of simple preparation method, low raw material cost, suitability for macro preparation and contribution to promoting the expansion of the application range of the super capacitor.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method and application of low-order coal-based porous carbon, in particular to a preparation method and application of low-order coal-based porous carbon in a super capacitor.
Background art:
with the rapid development in the fields of mobile equipment, electric vehicles, new energy sources and the like, the requirements of energy storage equipment are promoted to be higher and higher. Compared with the conventional chemical battery, the super capacitor has the characteristics of long service life, high charging and discharging speed, high safety and the like, and is particularly suitable for the application field with higher power density requirement. At present, supercapacitors are mainly classified into two types, namely electric double layer capacitors using carbon-based materials as electrodes and faraday pseudocapacitors using transition metal oxides and high molecular polymers as electrodes.
The carbon-based electrode material has the advantages of good physical and chemical properties, stable structure, high conductivity, environmental friendliness and the like, and has wide application in the super capacitor, especially carbon nano materials (graphene, carbon nano tubes, mesoporous carbon and the like). Although the carbon nano materials are well applied to the super capacitor, the preparation cost is high, the process is complex, and the application range of the super capacitor is seriously influenced.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problems, the invention provides a low-cost preparation method of low-order coal-based porous carbon, which is characterized in that the coal-based porous carbon with high porosity and graphitization degree is obtained by carrying out high-temperature (900-:
s1, preparing a mixture: refining and drying the low-rank coal to form refined coal powder with the granularity of 40-300 meshes, and impregnating the refined coal powder and a potassium-based compound by adopting a liquid-phase impregnation process to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the refined coal powder to the potassium-based compound is 1: (2-5);
s2, high-temperature activation: s1, sending the mixture obtained in the mixture preparation into an atmosphere furnace, heating to 900-1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-20 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon, preserving the heat for 0.5-6h, naturally cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out acid washing and water washing to obtain a cleaned activated product;
s3, drying: and S2, carrying out hot air drying on the cleaned activated product obtained by high-temperature activation to obtain the low-order coal-based porous carbon.
Further, the low-rank coal is lignite or subbituminous coal.
Further, the potassium-based compound is K2CO3、KOH、K2FeO4Any one of them.
Further, in the step S1, in the preparation of the mixture, a liquid phase impregnation process comprises the following steps: soaking the refined coal powder in potassium carbonate solution, placing the refined coal powder in a stirrer, uniformly stirring the refined coal powder at a stirring speed of 50-500r/min, and then heating the refined coal powder to 80-200 ℃ for drying to obtain a mixture.
Further, in the S2. high-temperature activation, the acid precipitation solution is 0.1-2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution or nitric acid solution.
On the other hand, the invention provides application of preparing a supercapacitor by using low-order coal-based porous carbon, and specifically, selected coal-based porous carbon, conductive carbon black and 60 wt.% of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) are respectively ground uniformly to form a film in absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, the film is dried in a vacuum drying box to obtain a pole piece film, and the pole piece film is pressed on a foamed nickel current collector and is used as a positive pole and a negative pole after being dried in the vacuum drying box.
Further, the drying temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 120 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours.
Furthermore, when the water-based capacitor and the organic capacitor are assembled, 6mol/L KOH and 1mol/L LTEA BF4-PC are respectively selected as the electrolyte.
The invention has the advantages that: by adopting the scheme, the following advantages can be realized: adopts low-rank coal raw materials with abundant reserves and low cost to mix with a high proportion of K-based compounds (K)2CO3、KOH、K2FeO4And the like) through high-temperature activation, cleaning and drying processes, the coal-based porous carbon material with higher porosity and graphitization degree can be obtained, and can be constructed into a super capacitor device to show higher specific capacitance, rate capability and operation stability. Compared with the conventional carbon nano material, the coal-based porous carbon material has the advantages of simple preparation method, low raw material cost, suitability for macro preparation and contribution to promoting the expansion of the application range of the super capacitor.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a TEM image of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a nitrogen adsorption isotherm of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a cyclic voltammetry curve of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 2 as an electrode material of an organic symmetric capacitor at different scan rates.
Fig. 5 is a charge-discharge curve of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 2 as an electrode material of an organic symmetric capacitor under different current densities.
FIG. 6 is an AC impedance curve of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 2 as an electrode material of an organic symmetric capacitor.
Fig. 7 is a graph of energy density and power density of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 2 as an electrode material of an organic symmetric capacitor under different current densities.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the low-cost low-rank coal-based porous carbon comprises the following steps:
firstly, refining raw materials
Sequentially crushing, grinding, screening and drying the east-west bituminous coal powder to obtain 80-100-mesh refined coal powder;
preparation of the mixture
Mixing the refined coal powder and potassium carbonate by liquid phase impregnation to obtain a mixture;
the liquid-phase impregnation process comprises the following steps: dissolving potassium carbonate in water to obtain a potassium carbonate solution, mixing 3g of refined coal powder and the potassium carbonate solution, placing the mixture in a stirrer, uniformly stirring, and drying to obtain a mixture; the drying temperature is 80 ℃; the rotating speed of the stirrer is 300 r/min;
the mass ratio of the refined coal powder to the potassium carbonate is 1: 3;
third, high temperature activation
Placing the mixture in the second step into an atmosphere furnace, heating the atmosphere furnace to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and naturally cooling the atmosphere furnace to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain an activated product;
the temperature rise rate of the atmosphere furnace is 5 ℃/min;
the atmosphere in the atmosphere furnace is high-purity nitrogen;
fourthly, cleaning the activated product
Sequentially carrying out acid washing treatment on the activated product for 3 times and water washing treatment for 3 times to obtain a washed activated product;
the pickling solution adopted in the pickling treatment is 2mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid;
fifthly, drying
Carrying out hot air drying treatment on the cleaned activated product to obtain low-order coal-based porous carbon;
the drying treatment temperature is 100 ℃, and the drying treatment time is 8 h.
Example 2:
the super capacitor is prepared by using the low-order coal-based porous carbon obtained in example 1, specifically,
preparing an electrode: grinding selected coal-based porous carbon, conductive carbon black (Super P) and 60 wt.% of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) respectively in anhydrous ethanol according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1 to form a film uniformly, and drying in a vacuum drying oven (the drying temperature is 120 ℃ and the drying time is 12h) for later use. Taking 2mg of film each time for preparing a single-chip pole piece, and the area is about 1cm2。
The assembling process of the symmetrical super capacitor comprises the following steps: two pole pieces with the same mass are respectively selected, pressed on a sheared foam nickel current collector with the diameter of 1.2cm, and dried in a vacuum drying oven (the temperature is kept at 120 ℃ for 12 hours) to be used as a positive pole and a negative pole. 1mol/LTEA BF4-PC is selected as electrolyte to assemble an organic capacitor, a glass fiber membrane (model: Whatman) with the diameter of 1.6cm is cut out to be used as a diaphragm, a battery case of the model CR2032 is used for assembling a button-type capacitor device in a vacuum glove box.
The low-rank coal-based porous carbon obtained in example 1 is detected, and the electrochemical performance of the capacitor device prepared in example 2 is tested:
electrochemical performance tests were performed using an electrochemical workstation (model: Biologic-VMP3) including Cyclic Voltammograms (CV) at different scan rates (10-200mV/s), charge and discharge curves (GC) at different current densities (0.5-10A/g), and AC impedance curves (frequency: 10)2-105Hz). Respectively adopting C ═ 2I Δ t/(m Δ V) and E ═ CV2And E/delta t is calculated for the specific capacitance, energy density and power density of the single pole piece. Where Δ V is the voltage interval after the voltage drop is removed.
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the SEM image that the obtained coal-based porous carbon has a large-area lamellar structure, and fig. 2 is a TEM image of the low-order coal-based porous carbon prepared in fig. 2, it can be seen that the obtained low-order coal-based porous carbon has a larger graphene-like stripe structure ratio, high degree of order, and fewer amorphous structures; FIG. 3 shows the coal-based porous body obtained in example 1The nitrogen adsorption isotherm of the carbon is a typical I/IV type adsorption isotherm, has an obvious hysteresis loop, simultaneously has a micropore and mesopore structure, and has a specific surface area of 1575m2G, pore volume of 1.24cm3Is especially suitable for ion transmission of large electrolyte.
Fig. 4 and 5 show Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 2 as an electrode material of an organic symmetric capacitor at different scanning rates and charge-discharge (GC) curves of the organic symmetric capacitor at different current densities, and it can be seen that the CV curves are in a near-rectangular shape and have a larger rectangular area; the GC curve presents a more regular isosceles triangle, which indicates that the carbon has a good capacitance characteristic, which is related to the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 1 having a rich mesoporous structure and a good graphitization degree. Fig. 6 shows an ac impedance curve of the coal-based porous carbon prepared in example 2 as an electrode material of the organic symmetric capacitor, which shows that the diameter of the semicircular ring of the organic symmetric capacitor prepared in this example is small, and the slope of the linear region is large and nearly vertical, indicating that the capacitor has good electron and ion transmission characteristics. FIG. 7 is a graph of energy density and power density at different current densities calculated from GC curves at different current densities, which shows that the power density and energy density of an organic symmetric capacitor device constructed from the coal-based porous carbon obtained in the example are 0.337KW/kg and 24Wh/kg, respectively, at a current density of 0.5A/g; even under the current density of 10A/g, the organic system symmetric capacitor device can still provide the power density and the energy density of 5.75KW/kg and 12Wh/kg, which shows that the attenuation is not obvious under the high current density, and the electrochemical performance is good.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the low-order coal-based porous carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a mixture: refining and drying the low-rank coal to form refined coal powder with the granularity of 40-300 meshes, and impregnating the refined coal powder and a potassium-based compound by adopting a liquid-phase impregnation process to obtain a mixture; wherein the mass ratio of the refined coal powder to the potassium-based compound is 1: (2-5);
s2, high-temperature activation: s1, sending the mixture obtained in the mixture preparation into an atmosphere furnace, heating to 900-1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-20 ℃/min under the protection of high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon, preserving the heat for 0.5-6h, naturally cooling to room temperature, and then sequentially carrying out acid washing and water washing to obtain a cleaned activated product;
s3, drying: and S2, carrying out hot air drying on the cleaned activated product obtained by high-temperature activation to obtain the low-order coal-based porous carbon.
2. The method for preparing the low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 1, wherein the low-rank coal is lignite or subbituminous coal.
3. The method for preparing low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 1, wherein the potassium-based compound is K2CO3、KOH、K2FeO4Any one of them.
4. The method for preparing the low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the step of S1. mixture preparation, a liquid-phase impregnation process comprises the following steps: soaking the refined coal powder in potassium carbonate solution, placing the refined coal powder in a stirrer, uniformly stirring the refined coal powder at a stirring speed of 50-500r/min, and then heating the refined coal powder to 80-200 ℃ for drying to obtain a mixture.
5. The method for preparing the low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the S2. high-temperature activation, the acid-out solution is a hydrochloric acid solution or a nitric acid solution of 0.1-2 mol/L.
6. The preparation method of the low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the S3. drying, the drying temperature of hot air drying is 80-200 ℃, and the drying time is 2-24 h.
7. The application of the low-order coal-based porous carbon prepared by the preparation method of the low-order coal-based porous carbon according to claims 1-6, wherein the low-order coal-based porous carbon is used for preparing a supercapacitor.
8. The application of the low-order coal-based porous carbon according to claim 7 is characterized in that the selected coal-based porous carbon, the conductive carbon black and 60 wt.% of polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE) are respectively ground uniformly to form a film in absolute ethyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, the film is dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a pole piece film, and the pole piece film is pressed on a foamed nickel current collector and is dried in the vacuum drying oven to be used as a positive pole and a negative pole.
9. The application of the low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 8, wherein the drying temperature of the vacuum drying oven is 120 ℃ and the drying time is 12 h.
10. The application of the low-rank coal-based porous carbon according to claim 8, wherein 6mol/L KOH and 1mol/L TEA BF4-PC are respectively selected as electrolytes in assembling water-based capacitors and organic capacitors.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112794319A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-05-14 | 铜仁学院 | Preparation method of coking coal-based high-rate graphite negative electrode material |
| CN113307267A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Preparation method of coal-based porous carbon |
| CN114229821A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-03-25 | 山东科技大学 | Method for preparing porous carbon material from low-rank coal thermally-dissolved organic matter |
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| CN113307267A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Preparation method of coal-based porous carbon |
| CN114229821A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-03-25 | 山东科技大学 | Method for preparing porous carbon material from low-rank coal thermally-dissolved organic matter |
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Application publication date: 20200925 |