CN111707539B - Test fixture for applying compressive stress to plate and application method thereof - Google Patents
Test fixture for applying compressive stress to plate and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111707539B CN111707539B CN202010575404.9A CN202010575404A CN111707539B CN 111707539 B CN111707539 B CN 111707539B CN 202010575404 A CN202010575404 A CN 202010575404A CN 111707539 B CN111707539 B CN 111707539B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/004—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0085—Compressibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a plate and a use method thereof, and the test fixture comprises a test base, two side plates, a top plate and a test top seat, wherein the test base is provided with a bottom plate and two bottom plate limiting plates, the bottom plate is positioned in the center of the test base, and the two bottom plate limiting plates are fixedly connected with the test base, are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the bottom plate and are in close contact with the bottom plate; the test piece is arranged at the central position of the bottom plate, the bottoms of the two side plates are fixedly connected with the bottom plate and are respectively and correspondingly tightly adhered to the left side and the right side of the test piece one by one, and the height of the test piece is greater than that of the side plates; the top plate is positioned above the test piece and closely attached to the top of the test piece, the top plate is fixedly connected with the tops of the two side plates through bearing bolts, and the test top seat is positioned above the top plate and is fixedly connected with the top plate in a crossed manner; the testing base is installed on the bottom chuck of the testing machine, the testing top seat is installed on the top chuck of the testing machine, and the long-term maintenance of the compressive stress is achieved through the force bearing bolts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical engineering, and relates to a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a plate and a using method thereof.
Background
Plate-like parts are often used in the field of mechanical engineering in aeronautics, astronautics, automobiles, energy, etc., and assembly stresses or operating stresses may occur during assembly or during actual use. In the case of the aircraft most commonly found in the aeronautical field, the wing skin uses, over a large area, sheet-shaped components which, during assembly, present assembly stresses, one common expression of which is compression stresses. In addition, during the flying process of the airplane, the wings are bound to bear the action of aerodynamic force, and even during the parking process, the wings are also under the action of gravity, so that the lower skin of the wings bears the action of compressive stress. Under such a compressive stress, the panel structure of the aircraft may be subjected to an impact load, a damp-heat environment, ultraviolet rays, and other external environments. Therefore, the plate structure bears the impact load, the damp and hot environment, the ultraviolet ray and other external environments when the plate structure is under the action of the compressive stress, and the influence of the impact load, the damp and hot environment, the ultraviolet ray and other environmental factors on the performance of the composite material structure is quite obvious when the composite material structure is applied to airplanes in a large quantity. In order to research the effect of the plate under the action of the compressive stress in the external environments such as impact load, damp and hot environment, ultraviolet rays and the like, a clamp capable of applying the compressive stress to the plate for a long time is needed for corresponding research, and the existing test clamp applies the long-term compressive stress to the plate through a test machine, so that the operation is inconvenient and the test machine time is long.
In addition, no matter in other engineering fields such as aviation, aerospace, automobiles and energy sources, a common load form borne by a plate-shaped structure is compressive load, in order to understand the compressive bearing capacity of a corresponding structure, a compression failure test needs to be carried out on a plate, namely, a short-term compressive stress is provided for the plate, and at the moment, a clamp capable of carrying out the compression failure test of the plate is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a test fixture capable of applying compressive stress for both a short period and a long period, and the current test fixture cannot be applied to plates with different sizes, resulting in poor universality.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a plate, and aims to solve the problems that the existing test fixture cannot apply the compressive stress for a long time and apply the compressive stress for a short time at the same time, the existing test fixture needs to occupy a testing machine for a long time when applying the compressive stress to a test piece for a long time, and the existing test fixture cannot be suitable for plates with different sizes, so that the universality is poor.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for using a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a panel.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is that the test fixture for applying compressive stress to the plate comprises a test base, two side plates, a top plate and a test top seat, wherein the test base is provided with a bottom plate and two bottom plate limiting plates, the bottom plate is positioned at the central position of the test base, the two bottom plate limiting plates are both fixedly connected with the test base, and the two bottom plate limiting plates are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the bottom plate and are in close contact with the bottom plate;
the test piece is arranged at the central position of the bottom plate, the bottoms of the two side plates are fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the two side plates are respectively and correspondingly closely attached to the left side and the right side of the test piece one by one, and the height of the test piece is greater than that of the side plates; the top plate is positioned above the test piece and closely attached to the top of the test piece, the top plate is fixedly connected with the tops of the two side plates through bearing bolts, and the test top seat is positioned above the top plate and is fixedly connected with the top plate in a crossed manner;
the testing base is installed on the clamp at the bottom of the testing machine, and the testing top seat is installed on the clamp at the top of the testing machine.
Another technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is a method for using a test fixture for applying a compressive stress to a plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mounting a bottom plate limiting plate and a bottom plate to enable the center line of the bottom plate to be coincident with the center line of a test base, so that the compression stress can penetrate through the centroid of a test piece and no bending moment is generated in the process of applying a specified compression load;
s2, vertically arranging the test piece on the bottom plate, enabling the test piece to be positioned at the top center of the bottom plate and to be perpendicular to the bottom plate, and ensuring that the compressive stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece without generating bending moment when the specified compressive stress is initially applied;
s3, installing a sliding bottom plate on a bottom plate according to the thickness of the test piece, installing side plates on the bottom plate according to the width of the test piece and enabling the side plates to correspond to the left side and the right side of the test piece one by one, then installing the sliding side plates on the side plates, enabling the sliding bottom plate, the side plates and the sliding side plates to be in close contact with the test piece, enabling the center line of the bottom surface of each side plate to be coincident with the center line of the top surface of a test base, and ensuring that the test piece and the bottom plate do not slide relatively in the compression process;
s4, installing the sliding top plate at the bottom of the top plate, enabling the test piece to be located at the center of the bottom surface of the top plate so as to ensure that the compressive stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece when the specified compressive stress is initially applied, then adjusting the position of the sliding top plate according to the thickness of the test piece so as to enable the sliding top plate to be tightly attached to the test piece, and connecting the top plate and the side plate through a bearing bolt;
s5, coinciding the central line of the top plate with the central line of a test top seat fixedly connected with the top plate in a crossed manner to ensure that the compressive stress passes through the centroid of a test piece without generating bending moment in the process of applying a specified compressive load, and then installing top plate limiting plates at the bottom of the test top seat and enabling the two top plate limiting plates to be in close contact with the top plate;
s6, clamping a base clamping end of a test base at a fixed end of a testing machine, clamping a top seat clamping end of a test top seat at a loading end of the testing machine, and ensuring that a compression load passes through a centroid of a test piece when the test base and the test top seat are installed on the testing machine, so that no bending moment or torque exists on the test piece in a compression process;
and S7, loading specified compressive stress on the test piece through the testing machine, screwing the bearing bolt and disconnecting the compressive stress of the testing machine after the specified compressive stress is applied to the test piece, and automatically applying the compressive stress to the test piece by the testing clamp for a long time.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that the test fixture for applying the compressive stress to the plate can achieve the purpose of applying the compressive stress to the plate spontaneously for a long time by depending on the self structural design without long-term external force, the separation of the top plate and the bottom plate (the force-bearing bolt, the top plate and the bottom plate are comprehensively connected) is limited by the force-bearing bolt, the long-term maintenance of the compressive stress is realized, namely, the compressive stress can be automatically applied to the test piece for a long time, an ideal test fixture can be provided for researching the plate impact test, the damp-heat environment test, the ultraviolet exposure test and the like under the action of the compressive stress, and the problem that the existing test fixture needs to occupy a testing machine for a long time when the existing test fixture applies the compressive stress to the test piece for a long time is solved. Meanwhile, the clamp can also be used for a test of applying compressive stress in a short term, an ideal clamp is provided for a static compressive strength failure test, and the problems that the existing test clamp cannot apply the compressive stress in a long term and apply the compressive stress in a short term at the same time are solved. In addition, the positions of the sliding bottom plate, the side plate, the sliding side plate and the sliding top plate can be adjusted through the first strip-shaped hole to the fourth strip-shaped hole, so that the test fixture can be suitable for plate structures with different three-dimensional sizes, universal adaptability is achieved, the effect that compressive stress is applied to the plate is guaranteed, the plate does not generate instability in the compression process, and the problem that the existing test fixture cannot be suitable for plates with various sizes and is poor in universality is solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a test jig for applying a compressive stress to a panel member for a long period of time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a panel member for an extended period of time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom structure of a test base according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a base plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a slide base according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a side panel of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the top plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the sliding top plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a test bench according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a test base, 2, a bottom plate, 3, a bottom plate limiting plate, 4, a sliding bottom plate, 4-1, a first strip-shaped hole, 5, a side plate, 5-1.L type plates, 5-2, a triangular plate, 5-3, a first threaded hole, 5-4, a second strip-shaped hole, 5-5, a third strip-shaped hole, 6, a sliding side plate, 7, a top plate, 7-1, a second threaded hole, 7-2, a fixing through hole, 8, a sliding top plate, 8-1, a fourth strip-shaped hole, 9, a top plate limiting plate, 10, a test top seat, 11, a test piece, 12, a limiting bolt and 13, a bearing bolt.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a plate, which comprises a test base 1, two side plates 5, a top plate 7 and a test top seat 10, wherein the test base 1 is provided with a bottom plate 2 and two bottom plate limiting plates 3, the bottom plate 2 is positioned at the central position of the test base 1, the two bottom plate limiting plates 3 are fixedly connected with the test base 1, the two bottom plate limiting plates 3 are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the bottom plate 2 and are tightly contacted with the bottom plate 2, and the bottom plate limiting plates 3 are used for preventing the bottom plate 2 and the test base 1 from sliding relatively in a compression process, as shown in 1~2. The test piece 11 is arranged at the center of the bottom plate 2, the bottoms of the two side plates 5 are fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2, the two side plates 5 are respectively and tightly attached to the left side and the right side of the test piece 11 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the height of the test piece 11 is larger than that of the side plates 5. The top plate 7 is positioned above the test piece 11 and closely attached to the top of the test piece, the top plate 7 is fixedly connected with the tops of the two side plates 5 through bearing bolts 13, and the test top seat 10 is positioned above the top plate 7 and is fixedly connected with the top plate 7 in a cross mode. The testing base 1 is installed on a clamp at the bottom of the testing machine, and the testing top seat 10 is installed on the clamp at the top of the testing machine and used for transferring a compression load applied by the testing machine.
Because the test piece 11 is subjected to compressive stress and can generate shortened deformation, in order to ensure that compressive load is applied to the test piece 11, the height of the test piece 11 is designed to be larger than that of the side plate 5, and a space for compressive deformation is reserved. About 10mm is generally recommended, and the smaller the elastic modulus of the test piece 11, the greater the specified compressive stress, meaning that the deformation during compression is large, and the larger the reserved space. Conversely, the larger the modulus of elasticity of the test piece 11, the smaller the specified compressive load, meaning that the deformation during compression is small, and the smaller the reserved space may be.
The base plate 2, which on the one hand takes over the function of supporting the test piece 11 and transmitting compressive loads, and on the other hand is also part of the overall test fixture for the purpose of fitting and connection of the side plates 5. By arranging the bottom plate 2 and the test base 1, the applicability of the test fixture in the embodiment of the invention can be greatly increased, because the bottom plate 2 and the test base 1 can be separated, the sizes and models of different testing machines are different, if the test piece 11 is directly fixed on the test base 1, on one hand, the test fixture can not be assembled with the side plate 5 and the like, and on the other hand, when loads are required to be applied to the testing machines with different sizes, the test fixture is possibly applicable due to the fact that no way is available for the size problem, the test fixture in the embodiment of the invention can be used in different situations, the bottom plate 2 is a simple plate, if complex situations are met, a special test base 1 can be designed for the complex situations and then is matched with the bottom plate 2, and the applicability of the test fixture is greatly increased. In addition, carry on spacingly through bottom plate limiting plate 3 to bottom plate 2, just can liberate the fixed connection between bottom plate 2 and the experimental base 1, when meetting the size or the pattern of experimental base 1 and be not suitable for current test machine chuck, can adjust experimental base 1 shape and pattern so that it is applicable to different testing machines, improves the suitability of this experimental anchor clamps.
Two sliding bottom plates 4 are fixed on the bottom plate 2, the sliding bottom plates 4 are used for preventing the test piece 11 from sliding along the plane direction of the bottom plate 2 in the test process, and the two sliding bottom plates 4 are correspondingly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the test piece 11 one by one and tightly attached to the test piece 11. As shown in fig. 5, a plurality of first strip-shaped holes 4-1 are formed in the sliding bottom plate 4, the length extending direction of the first strip-shaped holes 4-1 is perpendicular to the test piece 11, the sliding bottom plate 4 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2 through limit bolts 12 penetrating through the first strip-shaped holes 4-1, the position of the sliding bottom plate 4 can be adjusted back and forth through the first strip-shaped holes 4-1 to adapt to the test pieces 11 with different thicknesses, and after the thickness of the test piece 11 is determined, the sliding bottom plate 4 is ensured to be in close contact with the test piece 11 during installation, so that the test piece 11 and the bottom plate 2 are prevented from sliding relatively in a compression process.
As shown in fig. 6, the side plate 5 is composed of an L-shaped plate 5-1 and a triangular plate 5-2, the triangular plate 5-2 is fixed at the center of the L-shaped plate 5-1, the triangular plate 5-2 is a right-angle triangular plate, one side of the right angle is fixedly connected with a vertical plate of the L-shaped plate 5-1, and the other side of the right angle is fixedly connected with a transverse plate of the L-shaped plate 5-1; the vertical plate of the L-shaped plate 5-1 is tightly attached to the test piece 11, and the transverse plate thereof is arranged in the direction far away from the test piece 11 and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2. The triangular plate 5-2 is arranged for supporting the L-shaped plate 5-1, and the side plates 5 on two sides can be extruded by the test piece 11 in the compression process, and the triangular plate 5-2 is used as a support to prevent the side plates 5 from deforming due to overlarge pressure. The top end of a vertical plate of the L-shaped plate 5-1 is provided with a first threaded hole 5-3, and the top plate 7 is connected with the first threaded hole 5-3 through a bearing bolt 13. Two sliding side plates 6 which are vertically arranged are fixed on a vertical plate of an L-shaped plate 5-1 of each side plate 5, and the two sliding side plates 6 are correspondingly positioned on the front side and the rear side of the height direction of a test piece 11 one by one and are tightly adhered to the test piece 11; a plurality of second strip-shaped holes 5-4 which are positioned at two sides of the triangular plate 5-2 are formed in a vertical plate of the L-shaped plate 5-1, and the length extending direction of the second strip-shaped holes 5-4 is vertical to the triangular plate 5-2. The side plate 5 is fixedly connected with the sliding side plate 6 through a limiting bolt 12 penetrating through the second strip-shaped hole 5-4, and the position of the sliding side plate 6 can be adjusted forwards and backwards along the length direction of the second strip-shaped hole 5-4 so as to adapt to test pieces 11 with different thicknesses. After the thickness of the test piece 11 is determined, the 4 sliding side plates 6 are required to be tightly attached to the test piece 11 during installation, the thickness surface of the sliding side plate 6, namely the surface where the narrow side is located, is required to be tightly attached to the test piece 11, the test piece 11 and the side plates 5 are prevented from sliding relatively in the compression process, and meanwhile, the sliding side plates 6 prevent buckling instability of the plate, particularly the side buckling instability, which is not allowed in practical engineering application and must be avoided in the test process. The L-shaped plate 5-1 is provided with two third strip-shaped holes 5-5 arranged along the length direction of the L-shaped plate, the two third strip-shaped holes 5-5 are arranged on two sides of the triangular plate 5-2 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the side plates 5 are fixedly connected with the bottom plate 2 through limiting bolts 12 penetrating through the third strip-shaped holes 5-5, the positions of the side plates 5 can be adjusted left and right along the length direction of the third strip-shaped holes 5-5 to adapt to test pieces 11 with different widths, and after the width of the test pieces 11 is determined, the two side plates 5 are guaranteed to be tightly attached to the left side and the right side of the test pieces 11 during installation.
As shown in fig. 4, the bottom plate 2 is provided with a plurality of third threaded holes for fixing the sliding bottom plate 4 and the side plate 5, and the sliding bottom plate 4 is fixed on the bottom plate 2 through the limiting bolt 12, the first strip-shaped hole 4-1 and the third threaded hole on the bottom plate 2. The position of the side plate 5 can be adjusted by moving along the direction of the third strip-shaped holes 5-5 so as to be suitable for test pieces 11 with different widths, and the side plate 5 is fixed on the bottom plate 2 through a limiting bolt 12, the third strip-shaped holes 5-5 and a third threaded hole in the bottom plate 2.
Two sliding top plates 8 are fixed at the bottom of the top plate 7, and the sliding top plates 8 are correspondingly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the top of the test piece 11 one by one and tightly attached to the test piece 11. As shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of fourth holes 8-1 are formed on the sliding top plate 8, and the length extension direction of the fourth holes 8-1 is perpendicular to the test piece 11. As shown in fig. 7, the bottom of the top plate 7 is provided with a plurality of second threaded holes 7-1 corresponding to the fourth holes 8-1 one by one, the sliding top plate 8 is fixedly connected with the second threaded holes 7-1 at the bottom of the top plate 7 through the limiting bolts 12 penetrating through the fourth holes 8-1, and the position of the sliding top plate 8 can be adjusted back and forth through the fourth strip-shaped holes 8-1 to adapt to test pieces 11 with different thicknesses. In addition, a plurality of fixing through holes 7-2 which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the whole second threaded hole 7-1 are also arranged on the top plate 7, the top plate 7 is fixedly connected with the side plate 5 through bearing bolts 13 which penetrate through the fixing through holes 7-2, and particularly the top plate 7 is connected with the first threaded holes 5-3 of the side plate 5 through the bearing bolts 13 which penetrate through the fixing through holes 7-2.
Two top plate limiting plates 9 are fixed at the bottom of the test top seat 10 through limiting bolts 12, the two top plate limiting plates 9 are correspondingly located on the front side and the rear side of the top plate 7 one by one and are tightly attached to the top plate 7, and the top plate limiting plates 9 are used for preventing the top plate 7 and the test top seat 10 from sliding relatively in the compression process.
The test base 1 is the basis of the test fixture in the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 3, a raised base clamping end is arranged at the bottom of the test base 1, and the base clamping end is used for installing or clamping the test base 1 on a bottom chuck of a testing machine when a specified compressive stress is applied. And be provided with the fourth screw hole on experimental base 1, bottom plate limiting plate 3 is fixed on experimental base 1 through the fourth screw hole on experimental base 1, and bottom plate limiting plate 3 and bottom plate 2 be in close contact with each other, prevent that bottom plate 2 and experimental base 1 from producing relative slip in compression process. As shown in fig. 9, a raised top seat clamping end is arranged on the top surface of the test top seat 10, and the top seat clamping end is used for clamping the test top seat 10 on the testing machine so as to transmit the specified compressive stress to the test piece 11 through the test top seat 10. And be provided with the fifth screw hole on experimental footstock 10, roof limiting plate 9 is fixed on experimental footstock 10 through the fifth screw hole on experimental footstock 10, and roof limiting plate 9 and roof 7 in close contact with each other prevent that roof 7 and experimental footstock 10 from producing relative slip in compression process.
It should be noted that, since fig. 2 is a front view of a test fixture for applying a compressive stress to a panel for a long time according to an embodiment of the present invention, front, back, left, and right defined in the embodiment of the present invention are front, back, left, and right of the test fixture shown in fig. 2.
The force bearing bolt 13 is used only under the condition of applying the compressive stress for a long time, and is not needed when applying the compressive stress for a short time. The working principle of the bearing bolt 13 when compressive stress is applied for a long time is as follows: after the predetermined compressive stress load is applied, the top plate 7 and the side plate 5 are restricted from being separated from each other, thereby receiving the stress. The specific principle is as follows: because the test piece 11 is under the action of the compressive stress, the test piece has the tendency of resisting the compressive stress, namely the test piece 11 has the tendency of stretching, the top plate 7 and the side plate 5 are tried to be separated, at the moment, the bearing bolt 13 is connected with the top plate 7 and the side plate 5, the separation of the top plate 7 and the side plate 5 is limited, and the compressive stress of the test piece 11 is maintained by bearing the tensile stress through the bearing bolt 13. The bearing bolt 13 can be generally determined according to the magnitude of the compressive load to be applied, if the load is large, a bolt with a larger diameter needs to be selected, and if the load is large, a bolt with a smaller diameter needs to be selected. The limit bolt 12 mainly plays a role in connecting various parts and simultaneously bears a certain load, but compared with the force bearing bolt 13, the limit bolt 12 bears a smaller load.
The use method of the test fixture for applying the compressive stress to the plate comprises the following steps:
(I) case of long-term application of compressive stress
S1, mounting a baseplate limiting plate 3 and a baseplate 2 to enable the central line of the baseplate 2 to be coincident with the central line of a test base 1, so that the compressive stress can pass through the centroid of a test piece 11 and no bending moment is generated in the process of applying a specified compressive load;
s2, vertically placing the test piece 11 on the base plate 2, enabling the test piece 11 to be located at the top center of the base plate 2 and perpendicular to the base plate 2, and ensuring that compressive stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece 11 and does not generate bending moment when specified compressive stress is initially applied;
s3, installing the sliding bottom plate 4 on the bottom plate 2 according to the thickness of the test piece 11, installing the side plate 5 on the bottom plate 2 according to the width of the test piece 11, and installing the sliding side plate 6 on the side plate 5, so that the sliding bottom plate 4, the side plate 5 and the sliding side plate 6 are all in close contact with the test piece 11, the bottom surface center line of the side plate 5 is superposed with the top surface center line of the test base 1, the compression stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece 11 without generating bending moment when the specified compression stress is initially applied, and the test piece 11 and the bottom plate 2 are ensured not to relatively slide in the compression process;
s4, installing the sliding top plate 8 at the bottom of the top plate 7, enabling the test piece 11 to be located at the center of the bottom of the top plate 7 so as to ensure that the compressive stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece 11 when the specified compressive stress is initially applied, then adjusting the position of the sliding top plate 8 according to the thickness of the test piece 11 so as to enable the sliding top plate 8 to be tightly attached to the test piece 11, and connecting the top plate 7 and the side plate 5 through a bearing bolt 13;
s5, coinciding the center line of the top plate 7 with the center line of a test top seat 10 fixedly connected with the top plate 7 in a crossed manner to ensure that the compressive stress passes through the centroid of a test piece 11 without generating bending moment in the process of applying a specified compressive load, and then installing top plate limiting plates 9 at the bottom of the test top seat 10 and enabling the two top plate limiting plates 9 to be in close contact with the top plate 7;
s6, clamping a base clamping end of the test base 1 at a fixed end of the testing machine, clamping a top seat clamping end of the test top seat 10 at a loading end of the testing machine, and ensuring that a compression load passes through a centroid of the test piece 11 when the test base 1 and the test top seat 10 are installed on the testing machine, so that no bending moment or torque exists on the test piece 11 in a compression process;
and S7, loading specified compressive stress on the test piece 11 through a testing machine (such as an MTS testing machine), tightening the bearing bolt 13 and disconnecting the compressive stress of the testing machine after the specified compressive stress is applied to the test piece 11, and applying the compressive stress to the test piece 11 for a long time by the testing clamp. Then, the research on the action of the external environments such as impact load, damp and hot environment, ultraviolet rays and the like under the action of the compressive stress can be carried out. After the appointed compressive stress loading time is reached, the stress bearing bolt 13 is loosened to finish the unloading of the compressive stress.
Because the force bearing bolt 13 is elastically deformed, after a certain compressive stress is applied and the force bearing bolt 13 is screwed, the force bearing bolt 13 is elastically deformed to unload a part of the compressive stress, so the applied compressive stress is slightly larger than the specified compressive stress, specifically, a testing machine is arranged to load the specified compressive stress on the test piece 11, and the sum of the compressive stress which is required to be loaded on the test piece 11 in the test design and the compressive stress which is elastically deformed and unloaded when the force bearing bolt 13 is screwed is equal to eliminate the influence of the elastic deformation of the force bearing bolt 13.
After the bearing bolts 13 are screwed, the test piece 11 is compressed by the initial specified pressure and has a stretching tendency, and the bearing bolts 13 are connected between the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 2 at the moment, so that the separation of the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 2 is limited, namely, the relative positions of the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 2 are kept unchanged, the compression stress of the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 2 to the test piece 11 is kept, the top plate 7 and the side plate 5 are connected together through the bearing bolts 13, the separation of the top plate 7 and the side plate 5 is limited, namely, the rebound deformation of the test piece 11 is limited, and the specified compression stress applied to the test piece 11 can be kept for a long time.
(II) short-term application of compressive stress:
the condition of applying the compressive stress in a short term is to carry out a compressive static force failure test on the plate, the bearing bolt 13 does not participate in the work when the compressive stress is applied in a short term, specifically, the test fixture and the test piece 11 are installed through the steps S1-S6, then the testing machine is used for applying the continuously increased compressive stress to the test piece 11, the application of the compressive stress can be applied through a force control mode or a displacement control mode until the test piece 11 is damaged, and the testing machine can record the corresponding compressive strength.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The test fixture for applying compressive stress to the plate is characterized by comprising a test base (1), two side plates (5), a top plate (7) and a test top seat (10), wherein the test base (1) is provided with a bottom plate (2) and two bottom plate limiting plates (3), the bottom plate (2) is positioned at the central position of the test base (1), the two bottom plate limiting plates (3) are fixedly connected with the test base (1), and the two bottom plate limiting plates (3) are respectively positioned at the front side and the rear side of the bottom plate (2) and are in close contact with the bottom plate (2);
the test piece (11) is arranged at the central position of the bottom plate (2), the bottoms of the two side plates (5) are fixedly connected with the bottom plate (2), the two side plates (5) are tightly adhered to the left side and the right side of the test piece (11) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the height of the test piece (11) is greater than that of the side plates (5); the top plate (7) is positioned above the test piece (11) and tightly attached to the top of the test piece, the top plate (7) is fixedly connected with the tops of the two side plates (5) through bearing bolts (13), and the test top seat (10) is positioned above the top plate (7) and is fixedly connected with the top plate (7) in a cross manner;
the testing base (1) is installed on a clamp at the bottom of the testing machine, and the testing top seat (10) is installed on a clamp at the top of the testing machine;
the central lines of the test base (1), the bottom plate (2), the side plate (5), the test piece (11), the top plate (7) and the test top seat (10) are positioned in the same vertical plane;
two top plate limiting plates (9) are fixed at the bottom of the test top seat (10) through limiting bolts (12), and the two top plate limiting plates (9) are correspondingly positioned on the front side and the rear side of the top plate (7) one by one and closely attached to the top plate (7);
the top center of experimental footstock (10) is equipped with the footstock clamping end, the bottom center of experimental base (1) is equipped with the base clamping end, experimental footstock (10) are installed on testing machine top chuck through the footstock clamping end and are testing machine loading end promptly, experimental base (1) are installed on testing machine bottom chuck through the base clamping end and are testing machine stiff end promptly.
2. The test fixture for applying the compressive stress to the plate member according to claim 1, wherein two sliding bottom plates (4) are fixed on the bottom plate (2), and the two sliding bottom plates (4) are correspondingly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bottom of the test piece (11) one by one and are tightly attached to the test piece (11);
a plurality of first strip-shaped holes (4-1) are formed in the sliding bottom plate (4), and the length extension direction of the first strip-shaped holes (4-1) is perpendicular to the test piece (11); the sliding bottom plate (4) is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (2) through a limiting bolt (12) penetrating through the first strip-shaped hole (4-1), and the position of the sliding bottom plate (4) can be adjusted forwards and backwards through the first strip-shaped hole (4-1) so as to adapt to test pieces (11) with different thicknesses.
3. The test fixture for applying compressive stress to a panel according to claim 1, wherein the side plate (5) is composed of an L-shaped plate (5-1) and a triangular plate (5-2), the triangular plate (5-2) is fixed at the center of the L-shaped plate (5-1), and the triangular plate (5-2) is a right-angled triangular plate, one side of the right angle is fixedly connected with a vertical plate of the L-shaped plate (5-1), and the other side of the right angle is fixedly connected with a transverse plate of the L-shaped plate (5-1);
the vertical plate of the L-shaped plate (5-1) is attached to the test piece (11), and the transverse plate of the L-shaped plate is arranged in the direction far away from the test piece (11) and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (2);
the top end of the vertical plate of the L-shaped plate (5-1) is provided with a first threaded hole (5-3), and the top plate (7) is connected with the first threaded hole (5-3) through a bearing bolt (13).
4. A test fixture for applying compressive stresses to sheet elements according to claim 3, wherein said L-shaped panels (5-1) and triangular panels (5-2) are integrally formed; two sliding side plates (6) which are vertically arranged are fixed on a vertical plate of an L-shaped plate (5-1) of each side plate (5), and the two sliding side plates (6) are correspondingly positioned on the front side and the rear side of the test piece (11) in the height direction one by one and are tightly attached to the test piece (11);
be equipped with a plurality of second bar holes (5-4) that are located set square (5-2) both sides on the riser of L template (5-1), the length extending direction perpendicular to set square (5-2) of second bar hole (5-4), curb plate (5) are through spacing bolt (12) and the slip curb plate (6) fixed connection of second bar hole (5-4), can adjust the position of slip curb plate (6) around through second bar hole (5-4) in order to adapt to different thickness's testpieces (11).
5. The test fixture for applying the compressive stress to the plate according to claim 3, wherein two third strip-shaped holes (5-5) arranged along the length direction of the plate are formed in a transverse plate of the L-shaped plate (5-1), the two third strip-shaped holes (5-5) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the triangular plate (5-2) in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the side plate (5) is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (2) through a limiting bolt (12) penetrating through the third strip-shaped holes (5-5), and the position of the side plate (5) can be adjusted left and right through the third strip-shaped holes (5-5) to adapt to test pieces (11) with different widths.
6. The test fixture for applying compressive stress to the plate member as claimed in any one of claims 1~5, wherein two sliding top plates (8) are fixed at the bottom of the top plate (7), and the sliding top plates (8) are correspondingly arranged at the front and rear sides of the top of the test member (11) one by one and closely attached to the test member (11);
a plurality of fourth holes (8-1) are formed in the sliding top plate (8), and the length extension direction of the fourth holes (8-1) is perpendicular to the test piece (11); the bottom of the top plate (7) is provided with a plurality of second threaded holes (7-1) which correspond to the fourth holes (8-1) one by one, the sliding top plate (8) is fixedly connected with the second threaded holes (7-1) at the bottom of the top plate (7) through limiting bolts (12) penetrating through the fourth holes (8-1), and the position of the sliding top plate (8) can be adjusted forwards and backwards through the fourth holes (8-1) to adapt to test pieces (11) with different thicknesses;
the top plate (7) is provided with a plurality of fixing through holes (7-2) which are positioned at the left side and the right side of the whole second threaded hole (7-1), and the top plate (7) is fixedly connected with the side plate (5) through bearing bolts (13) which penetrate through the fixing through holes (7-2).
7. Use of a test fixture for applying compressive stress to a panel as claimed in any one of claims 1~6, comprising the steps of:
s1, mounting a bottom plate limiting plate (3) and a bottom plate (2) to enable the center line of the bottom plate (2) to be coincident with the center line of a test base (1) so as to ensure that compressive stress passes through the centroid of a test piece (11) and no bending moment is generated in the process of applying a specified compressive load;
s2, vertically placing the test piece (11) on the bottom plate (2) to enable the test piece (11) to be located at the top center of the bottom plate (2) and to be perpendicular to the bottom plate (2), and ensuring that when specified compressive stress is initially applied, the compressive stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece (11) without generating bending moment;
s3, installing the sliding bottom plate (4) on the bottom plate (2) according to the thickness of the test piece (11), installing the two side plates (5) on the bottom plate (2) according to the width of the test piece (11) and corresponding to the left side and the right side of the test piece (11) one by one, installing the sliding side plates (6) on the side plates (5), enabling the sliding bottom plate (4), the side plates (5) and the sliding side plates (6) to be in close contact with the test piece (11), enabling the bottom surface central line of the side plates (5) to be superposed with the top surface central line of the test base (1), and ensuring that the test piece (11) and the bottom plate (2) do not slide relatively in the compression process;
s4, mounting the sliding top plate (8) at the bottom of the top plate (7) to enable the test piece (11) to be located at the center of the bottom surface of the top plate (7) so as to ensure that the compressive stress can pass through the centroid of the test piece (11) when the specified compressive stress is initially applied, adjusting the position of the sliding top plate (8) according to the thickness of the test piece (11) to enable the sliding top plate (8) to be tightly attached to the test piece (11), and connecting the top plate (7) and the side plate (5) through a bearing bolt (13);
s5, coinciding the center line of the top plate (7) with the center line of a test top seat (10) which is fixedly connected with the top plate (7) in a cross manner to ensure that the compressive stress passes through the centroid of a test piece (11) without generating bending moment in the process of applying a specified compressive load, then installing top plate limiting plates (9) at the bottom of the test top seat (10), and enabling the two top plate limiting plates (9) to be in close contact with the top plate (7);
s6, clamping a base clamping end of the test base (1) at a fixed end of the testing machine, clamping a top seat clamping end of the test top seat (10) at a loading end of the testing machine, and ensuring that a compression load passes through a centroid of the test piece (11) when the test base (1) and the test top seat (10) are installed on the testing machine, so that no bending moment or torque exists on the test piece (11) in a compression process;
and S7, loading specified compressive stress on the test piece (11) through the testing machine, screwing the bearing bolt (13) and disconnecting the compressive stress of the testing machine after the specified compressive stress is applied to the test piece (11), and spontaneously applying the compressive stress to the test piece (11) by the testing clamp for a long time.
8. The use method of the test fixture for applying the compressive stress to the plate member as claimed in claim 7, wherein the specified compressive stress is the sum of the compressive stress of the test design, which needs to be loaded on the test member (11), and the compressive stress of the bearing bolt (13), which is elastically deformed and unloaded when the bearing bolt is screwed down;
after the specified compressive stress loading time is reached in the step S7, the stress is unloaded by loosening the bearing bolt (13);
the concrete implementation process of applying the compressive stress to the test piece in a short term to carry out the compressive static force failure test on the test piece (11) is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of S1-S6, completely installing a test fixture and a test piece (11), and applying continuously increased compressive stress to the test piece (11) by using a testing machine until the test piece (11) is damaged.
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| CN113252439A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-13 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Composite laminate fatigue test clamping device |
| CN113776930A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-10 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Combined material T type connecting piece is drawn, is pressed experimental universal fixturing |
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