CN111705242A - Blocky nano aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Blocky nano aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111705242A CN111705242A CN202010471777.1A CN202010471777A CN111705242A CN 111705242 A CN111705242 A CN 111705242A CN 202010471777 A CN202010471777 A CN 202010471777A CN 111705242 A CN111705242 A CN 111705242A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blocky nano aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the nano metal oxide powder is added into the aluminum alloy matrix raw material powder, and the type and the addition amount of the metal oxide are optimized, so that the nano metal oxide powder can be uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix to form nano crystal nuclei, and then the nano metal oxide powder is used as a nucleating agent to induce the aluminum alloy to form a uniform nano structure with the average grain size not more than 100nm, thereby achieving the purpose of nano reinforcement. The preparation process is simple and is beneficial to realizing the industrial production of the massive nano aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano-alloy, in particular to a blocky nano-aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The nano material has wide application prospect in the fields of electronic information, bioengineering, aerospace and the like due to the unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. However, most of the existing nano materials refer to nano powder materials, and the bulk nano materials are limited by factors such as preparation technology, material formula and the like, so that industrial production is difficult to realize. At present, the manufacturing of the massive nano alloy or the complex processes of nano powder high-temperature sintering, large plastic deformation and the like are adopted, and the severe conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like are needed, so that only massive nano products with larger grain size, rough interface and excessive micropores can be prepared; or an amorphous crystallization method is adopted, a special material formula is adopted, firstly, amorphous solid is obtained, and then the amorphous state is converted into the crystalline state by methods such as melt chilling and the like, so that the blocky nano product is prepared. The preparation method of the blocky nano alloy material depends on the formula of the material on one hand and the complex preparation process on the other hand, and the quality of the blocky nano alloy product is poor, so that the industrial application of the nano alloy is limited.
Based on the current situation of the preparation process of the nano-alloy material, it is necessary to develop a preparation method of the nano-aluminum alloy, which has simple process, uniform nano-crystal grain size and small micro-pores and is suitable for industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a blocky nano aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a blocky nano aluminum alloy is prepared from a matrix raw material and nano metal oxide powder, wherein the average grain size of the nano aluminum alloy is less than 100nm, and the blocky nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-1.0% of metal oxide, 9.6-12% of Si, 1.5-3.5% of Cu, Al and inevitable impurities: and the balance of the metal oxide is at least one of ZnO and MgO.
In the direct smelting process, nano metal oxide powder is added into raw material powder of an aluminum alloy (ADC12 aluminum alloy) matrix, the nano metal oxide powder is selected from at least one of nano ZnO powder and nano MgO powder, nano crystal nuclei are formed in the aluminum alloy matrix in a uniformly dispersed mode, then the nano metal oxide powder is used as a nucleating agent to induce the growth of aluminum alloy crystal grains, the average crystal grain size of the aluminum alloy can be limited to be below 100nm by controlling the content of the nano metal oxide powder to be 0.1 wt% -1.0 wt%, the crystal grains are prevented from being excessively large, and the prepared nano aluminum alloy is small in micro-pores and has high mechanical strength and hardness.
Preferably, the composition of the nano aluminum alloy further comprises at least one of Fe, Mn, Ni and Mg.
Preferably, the mass percent of Fe in the nano aluminum alloy is less than 1.3%, the mass percent of Mn in the nano aluminum alloy is less than 0.5%, the mass percent of Ni in the nano aluminum alloy is less than 0.5%, and the mass percent of Mg in the nano aluminum alloy is less than 0.3%. By controlling the contents of Fe, Mn, Ni, Mg and other components in the nano aluminum alloy, the structural defects caused by the existence of the components are avoided, so that the durability of the aluminum alloy material is influenced.
Preferably, the mass percent of impurities in the nano aluminum alloy is less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Preferably, the mass percent of the metal oxide in the nano aluminum alloy is 0.1-0.5%, so that the nano metal oxide powder can be uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix to form nano crystal nuclei, and the nano aluminum alloy has a better reinforcing effect.
Preferably, the components of the nano aluminum alloy comprise, by mass percent: 0.1-0.5% of metal oxide, 10-11.5% of Si, 2.0-3.0% of Cu, less than 0.5% of Mn, less than 0.5% of Ni, less than 0.3% of Mg, Al: 85 to 86 percent.
The nanometer metal oxide powder is used as a nucleating agent to induce the formation of the nanometer aluminum alloy nanostructure, the average particle size of the nanometer metal oxide powder has significant influence on the nanometer aluminum alloy nanostructure and the reinforcing effect thereof, preferably, the average particle size of the nanometer metal oxide powder is 10-50nm, the excessive growth of the aluminum alloy crystal grains can be prevented, the uniform nanostructure can be generated, the massive nanometer aluminum alloy material can be obtained, and the better reinforcing effect can be realized.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the blocky nano aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the matrix raw material and the nano metal oxide powder in proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy with the average grain size of less than 100 nm. The preparation process is simple and is beneficial to realizing the industrial production of the nano aluminum alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the nano metal oxide powder is added into the aluminum alloy matrix raw material powder, and the type and the addition amount of the nano metal oxide powder are preferably selected, so that the nano metal oxide powder can be uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy matrix to form a nano crystal nucleus, and then the aluminum alloy is induced to form a uniform nano structure with the average grain size not more than 100nm, thereby achieving the purpose of nano reinforcement.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the examples, the experimental methods used were all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents and the like used were commercially available without otherwise specified.
Example 1
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 85.5 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Example 2
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, 1.0% of Fe, 0.3% of Mn, 0.3% of Ni, 0.2% of Mg, Al: 83.7 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Example 3
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 85 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Example 4
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 85.9 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Example 5
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 85.7 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Example 6
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of MgO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 85.5 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nanometer MgO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nanometer aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the MgO powder is 15 nm.
Comparative example 1
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 85.95 percent;
the preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the blocky nano aluminum alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Comparative example 2
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.5% of ZnO, 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, Al: 84.5 percent;
the preparation method of the nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the nano ZnO powder and the rest raw material components according to the proportion, heating to over 700 ℃, and cooling after smelting to obtain the nano alloy, wherein the average grain diameter of the ZnO powder is 15 nm.
Comparative example 3
A bulk nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al (Al)2O3:0.5％，Si:11％，Cu:3.0％，Al：85.5％；
The preparation method of the massive nano aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: mixing nano Al2O3Mixing the powder and other raw materials uniformly according to the proportion, heating to above 700 ℃, smelting, and cooling to obtain massive nano aluminum alloy, wherein Al is2O3The average particle size of the powder was 15 nm.
Comparative example 4
The ADC12 die-casting aluminum alloy finished product comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of Si, 3.0% of Cu, 1.0% of Fe, 0.3% of Mn, 0.3% of Ni, 0.2% of Mg, Al: 84.2 percent.
The nano aluminum alloys of the above examples and comparative examples were tested for hardness using a rockwell hardness tester, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The nano aluminum alloys of the above examples and comparative examples were tested for tensile strength and elongation at break, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the results of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4, the invention adds a certain amount of nano ZnO powder or nano MgO powder into the ADC12 die-casting aluminum alloy base raw material in the smelting process to make nano ZnO powder or nano MgO powderCompared with the ADC12 die-casting aluminum alloy finished product, the aluminum alloy material has improved hardness, strength and toughness. And is compared with nano Al2O3The powder, nano ZnO powder or nano MgO powder has better reinforcing effect.
XRD was performed on the nano aluminum alloy of example 1, and as a result, as shown in Table 3, the average grain size of the nano aluminum alloy prepared in example 1 was 82 nm.
TABLE 3
In addition, the above example 1 can adjust the components according to the actual performance requirements of the nano aluminum alloy, and comprises the following components by mass percent: 0.1-1.0% of ZnO, 9.6-12% of Si, 1.5-3.5% of Cu, Al and inevitable impurities: and the balance, especially when the mass percent of ZnO in the nano aluminum alloy is controlled to be 0.1-0.5%, the obtained nano aluminum alloy has higher mechanical strength and hardness.
The invention can select nano ZnO powder or nano MgO powder with the average grain diameter of 10-50nm, which is beneficial to forming a uniform nano structure with the average grain size not more than 100nm in the aluminum alloy.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The blocky nano aluminum alloy is characterized by being prepared from a base raw material and nano metal oxide powder, wherein the average grain size of the nano aluminum alloy is less than 100nm, and the blocky nano aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-1.0% of metal oxide, 9.6-12% of Si, 1.5-3.5% of Cu, Al and inevitable impurities: and the balance of the metal oxide is at least one of ZnO and MgO.
2. The bulk nano-aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the composition of the nano-aluminum alloy further includes at least one of Fe, Mn, Ni, Mg.
3. The bulk nano aluminum alloy of claim 2, wherein the nano aluminum alloy has a Fe content of < 1.3% by mass, the nano aluminum alloy has a Mn content of < 0.5% by mass, the nano aluminum alloy has a Ni content of < 0.5% by mass, and the nano aluminum alloy has a Mg content of < 0.3% by mass.
4. The bulk nano aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the nano aluminum alloy comprises impurities in an amount of 0.2% by mass or less.
5. The bulk nano aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the nano aluminum alloy comprises 0.1 to 0.5 mass percent metal oxide.
6. The bulk nano-aluminum alloy of claim 5, wherein the composition of the nano-aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent: 0.1-0.5% of metal oxide, 10-11.5% of Si, 2.0-3.0% of Cu, less than 0.5% of Mn, less than 0.5% of Ni, less than 0.3% of Mg, Al: 85 to 86 percent.
7. The bulk nano-aluminum alloy of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the nano-metal oxide powder has an average particle size of 10 to 50 nm.
8. The method for preparing bulk nano aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bulk nano aluminum alloy with the average grain size of 100nm or less is obtained by uniformly mixing the matrix raw material and the nano metal oxide powder in proportion, heating to 700 ℃ or higher, and cooling after smelting.
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Citations (3)
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| US20130209308A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of making a metallic powder and powder compact and powder and powder compact made thereby |
| CN103805818A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2014-05-21 | 南通曼特威金属材料有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot |
| CN109402464A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波市佳利来机械制造有限公司 | A kind of explosion-proof pneumatic cylinder of high-strength corrosion-resisting and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130209308A1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-08-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method of making a metallic powder and powder compact and powder and powder compact made thereby |
| CN103805818A (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2014-05-21 | 南通曼特威金属材料有限公司 | High-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy ingot |
| CN109402464A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-03-01 | 宁波市佳利来机械制造有限公司 | A kind of explosion-proof pneumatic cylinder of high-strength corrosion-resisting and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200925 |