CN111703333A - Locking mechanism, locking mechanism assembly and electric automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a locking mechanism, a locking mechanism assembly and an electric automobile, wherein the locking mechanism comprises: the ratchet wheel is rotationally connected with a ratchet wheel shaft; the pawl is rotationally connected with a pawl shaft; when the ratchet wheel rotates to enable the opening to be in a locking state, the pawl rotates to be clamped with the opening, the ratchet wheel is prevented from rotating and unlocking, and the locking process is completed; when the pawl rotates to be separated from the notch, the ratchet wheel rotates to enable the notch to be in an unlocking state, and the unlocking process is completed. The locking mechanism is small in size and simple in structure, the unlocking and locking modes are simple and reliable, the power battery can be conveniently mounted and dismounted, and the replacement efficiency of the power battery is improved.

Description

Locking mechanism, locking mechanism assembly and electric automobile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical structures, in particular to a locking mechanism, a locking mechanism assembly and an electric automobile.

Background

In the two parts fixedly connected, if one part is in failure or cannot be used normally, the damaged or abnormally used part needs to be replaced. In the prior art, a power battery pack and a vehicle body of an electric vehicle are generally fixedly connected, when the electric quantity of the power battery is exhausted, the electric vehicle needs to be charged immediately to ensure normal running of the electric vehicle, although charging facilities are continuously improved at present, so that the charging is more convenient, under the condition that the time of a user is urgent, in order to avoid overlong charging time, a method for replacing the power battery of the electric vehicle is mainly selected to solve the problems, and when the electric quantity of the power battery is insufficient, a fully charged battery pack can be directly replaced at a charging station.

At present, a power battery of an electric automobile is generally welded or bolted with an automobile body, and the problems of complex installation and disassembly processes and long time consumption of a power battery pack exist, so that a locking mechanism for fixing the power battery pack on the automobile body is urgently needed to be designed so as to realize quick replacement of the battery pack.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a locking mechanism, a locking mechanism assembly and an electric automobile, and solves the problems that in the prior art, a power battery of the electric automobile is generally fixedly connected or bolted with an automobile body, the installation and disassembly processes of a power battery pack are complex, and the consumed time is long.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lock mechanism comprising: a ratchet and pawl; wherein the outer edge of the ratchet wheel is provided with a gap, and the ratchet wheel is rotationally connected with a ratchet wheel shaft;

the pawl is rotationally connected with a pawl shaft;

when the ratchet wheel rotates to enable the opening to be in a locked state, the pawl rotates to be clamped with the opening, and the ratchet wheel is prevented from rotating and unlocking;

when the pawl rotates to be separated from the notch, the ratchet wheel rotates to enable the notch to be in an unlocking state.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises: and the pawl resetting structure is used for resetting the pawl to the position when the ratchet wheel rotates to the position where the opening is in the locking state along the first time direction, and the pawl is clamped with the ratchet wheel through the pawl resetting structure.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises: and the ratchet wheel resetting structure is used for resetting the ratchet wheel to a position where the opening is in an unlocking state through the ratchet wheel resetting structure when the pawl rotates to be separated from the ratchet wheel.

Optionally, an unlocking operating lever extending out of the locking mechanism is arranged on the pawl.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises: a lower cover plate; the ratchet shaft and the pawl shaft are arranged on the lower cover plate.

Optionally, the lower cover plate is provided with a notch with a downward opening;

and in the locking state, the notch and the opening are enclosed to form a locking hole.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises: an upper cover plate; the ratchet wheel and the pawl are arranged in an accommodating cavity formed between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate.

Optionally, the locking mechanism further comprises: a microswitch; when in the locking state, the ratchet wheel contacts the microswitch, and the microswitch is closed;

and when the unlocking state is realized, the ratchet wheel is separated from the microswitch, and the microswitch is disconnected.

Optionally, the locking mechanism body further includes: a detection device for detecting the position of the ratchet wheel;

when the ratchet wheel is in a locking state, the detection device outputs a first electric signal; when the ratchet wheel is in the unlocking state, the detection device outputs a second electric signal.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a locking method for a quick-change power battery pack, which is applied to the locking mechanism, and a locking part is mounted on the quick-change power battery pack, the method including:

in the locking process, the quick-change power battery and the locking mechanism body are controlled to move relatively, the locking part pushes the ratchet wheel to drive the ratchet wheel to rotate to enable the locking mechanism to enter a locking state that the locking part is locked in the opening of the ratchet wheel and the pawl is clamped with the opening, and the locking operation is completed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a locking method for a quick-change power battery pack, which is applied to the locking mechanism, and a locking part is mounted on the quick-change power battery pack, the method including:

in the unlocking process, the pawl is pushed in the direction away from the ratchet wheel, so that the pawl is separated from the notch;

when the pawl is separated from the notch, the ratchet wheel rotates to enable the locking mechanism body to enter an unlocking state of releasing the locking part from the notch of the ratchet wheel, and unlocking operation is completed.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a locking mechanism assembly comprising: the locking part is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack, and the locking mechanism is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack;

through locking mechanism locking or unblock locking portion, locking mechanism with quick change power battery package can dismantle the connection.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric vehicle including the lock mechanism as described above; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the electric automobile passes through locking mechanism with the connection can be dismantled to quick change power battery package.

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

in the scheme, the locking mechanism comprises a ratchet wheel and a pawl, wherein a notch is formed in the outer edge of the ratchet wheel, the ratchet wheel is further rotationally connected with a ratchet wheel shaft, and the pawl is rotationally connected with a pawl shaft; when the ratchet wheel rotates around the ratchet wheel shaft to enable the opening to be in a locking state, the pawl rotates around the pawl shaft to be clamped with the opening, the ratchet wheel is prevented from rotating and unlocking, the locking mechanism is kept in a locking state, and the locking process is completed; when the pawl rotates around the pawl shaft to be separated from the opening, the ratchet rotates around the ratchet shaft to enable the opening to be in an unlocking state, and the unlocking process is completed. The locking mechanism provided by the scheme of the invention has the advantages of small size, simple structure, simple and reliable unlocking and locking modes, capability of facilitating the installation and disassembly processes of the power battery and improvement of the replacement efficiency of the power battery.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an unlocked state of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing one of the lock states of the lock mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a first exploded view of the locking mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a second exploded view of the locking mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a second schematic view showing a locking state of the locking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a third schematic view showing a locked state of the lock mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

11-a shackle;

31-a lower cover plate;

311-a ratchet shaft;

312-pawl shaft;

313-pawl limit block;

314-a notch;

315-first bolt mounting hole;

316-a first stopper;

32-ratchet wheel;

321-a gap;

322-inclined plane;

33-pawl;

331-an unlocking lever;

332-locking surface;

34-ratchet return spring;

35-pawl return spring;

36-upper cover plate;

361-strip-shaped through holes;

362-arcuate opening;

37-a damper block;

38-micro switch.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic views of an unlocked state and a locked state of a locking mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lock mechanism includes: ratchet 32 and pawl 33; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the outer edge of the ratchet wheel 32 is provided with a notch 321, and the ratchet wheel 32 is rotationally connected with a ratchet wheel shaft 311;

the pawl 33 is rotationally connected with a pawl shaft 312;

when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates to enable the notch 321 to be in a locking state, the pawl 33 rotates to be clamped with the notch 321, and the ratchet wheel 32 is prevented from rotating and unlocking;

when the pawl 33 rotates to be separated from the notch 321, the ratchet wheel 32 rotates to make the notch 321 in an unlocking state.

In this embodiment, when the ratchet 32 rotates around the ratchet shaft 311, the opening direction of the opening 321 changes, and the opening 321 has a locking position capable of connecting and fixing a to-be-fixed object and an unlocking position capable of separating and releasing a fixed object in the process of rotating along with the ratchet 32; further, when the gap 3212 is in the locking position, a pawl 33 engages with the gap 321 of the ratchet 32 to fix the ratchet 32, so that the gap 321 is maintained in the locking position, and the locking mechanism enters the locking state. When unlocking is needed, the pawl 33 is separated from the notch 321 of the ratchet wheel 32, and the ratchet wheel 32 rotates around the ratchet wheel shaft 311 to enable the notch 321 to be in an unlocking position after losing the limiting effect of the pawl 32, so that the locking mechanism enters an unlocking state. Through the locking state and the unlocking state that locking mechanism has, realize treating mounting and locking mechanism releasable connection. The locking mechanism of the embodiment is small in size, the locking and unlocking processes are simple and reliable, one fixing part is connected with the locking mechanism in two parts needing to be fixedly connected, the other part to be fixed is locked and fixed by the locking mechanism, and the installation and disassembly processes of the two parts can be facilitated. Specifically, when utilizing the fixed locking quick change power battery package of this locking mechanism, with locking mechanism and automobile body connection, the automobile body can be dismantled with quick change power battery package through this locking mechanism and be connected, so can be convenient quick change power battery package's installation and dismantlement process, improve quick change power battery package's change efficiency.

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, in another embodiment of the present invention, a locking mechanism includes: the ratchet wheel 32, the pawl 33 and the locking part, wherein the ratchet wheel 32 is rotationally connected with a ratchet wheel shaft 311, and the pawl 33 is rotationally connected with a pawl shaft 312;

an opening 321 matched with the locking part is formed in the outer edge of the ratchet wheel 32, the locking part pushes the ratchet wheel 32 to drive the ratchet wheel 32 to rotate around the ratchet wheel shaft 311 by an angle along a first clock hand direction, and the locking part enters the opening 321;

when the locking part enters the notch 321, the pawl 33 rotates around the pawl shaft 312 to a locking state in which the pawl is clamped with the ratchet wheel 32, and the ratchet wheel 32 is prevented from rotating until the locking part is released from the notch 321;

when the pawl 33 rotates around the pawl shaft 312 to be separated from the ratchet wheel 32, the ratchet wheel 32 rotates around the ratchet shaft 312 to be in an unlocked state in which the locking portion is released from the notch 321.

In this embodiment, the ratchet wheel 32 is rotationally connected to the ratchet shaft 311, and when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates a certain angle relative to the ratchet shaft 311 along the first direction, the locking part can be locked by using the notch 321 on the ratchet wheel, so as to lock and fix the locking part; when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates around the ratchet wheel shaft 311 for a certain angle along the reverse direction of the first clock hand direction, the locking part is released from the opening of the notch 321, so that the locking part is unlocked, and the locking part is detachably connected with the locking mechanism; in two parts that need fixed connection, be connected one of them fixed part with locking mechanism, utilize locking mechanism locking fixed another to treat the fixed part, will treat to set up locking portion on the fixed part, through locking mechanism locking or unblock treat the locking portion on the mounting, can convenient two fixed part's installation and dismantlement process. When the locking mechanism is used for fixing the locking quick-change power battery pack, the locking mechanism is connected with the vehicle body, the vehicle body is detachably connected with the locking portion on the quick-change power battery pack through the locking mechanism, so that the installation and the disassembly processes of the quick-change power battery pack can be conveniently carried out, and the replacement efficiency of the quick-change power battery pack is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the scheme does not need to move in the front and rear directions of the vehicle, and the battery replacement time is reduced.

The locking part is in a shape matched with the notch 321, namely the diameter of the locking part is matched with the radian of the bottom of the notch 321, so that the locking part can be inserted into the notch 321 conveniently. In addition, the locking part includes like snap ring, polygon prism, cylinder etc. as long as the opening 321 with locking part can the adaptation can.

Preferably, the locking portion is a carabiner 11.

It should be pointed out that, compared with the structure such as the lock shaft or the shaft lever, the lock ring 11 is thinner and thinner when the locking mechanism is smaller in size, the rigidity is not enough, and the lock shaft or the lock lever is easy to deform or damage, and the structure of the lock ring 11 can adapt to the locking mechanism with smaller size, is not easy to damage and deform, and is helpful to improve the connection rigidity and reliability between the quick-change power battery pack and the locking mechanism.

Specifically, the latching ring 11 includes a bent bar configured in a "U" or "n" configuration.

It should be noted that in the locking structure shown in fig. 1 to 2, the first clock direction described above is counterclockwise. It will be appreciated that the first direction is clockwise if the ratchet 32 is on the right and the pawl 33 is on the left.

Furthermore, an inclined plane 322 extending obliquely outward is arranged on one side surface of the notch 321, on one hand, a pushing surface for pushing the ratchet wheel 32 to rotate along the first time hand direction can be provided, and the inclined plane 322 is pushed by an unlocking device or a quick-change power battery pack to drive the ratchet wheel 32 to rotate for a certain angle; on the other hand, when the pushing ratchet wheel 32 rotates by a certain angle, the notch 321 is driven to rotate by a certain angle, and the inclined surface 322 is obliquely arranged at the opening end on one side of the notch 321, so that when the quick-change power battery pack is lifted and mounted, the inclined surface 322 is pushed by the locking part, the locking part slides into the notch 321 along the inclined surface 322 after the ratchet wheel 32 rotates by a certain angle, the locking is completed, the locking process is facilitated, and the locking efficiency is improved; further, during the locking state, inclined plane 322 still can regard as the face of leaning on with pawl 33 joint, when using, utilizes pawl 33 joint inclined plane 322 prevents ratchet 32 follows the first time counter rotation of needle direction has realized the fixed ratchet 32 of locking, avoids ratchet 32 to rotate the unblock, has limiting displacement.

Further, in order to improve the convenience of the unlocking operation, an unlocking operation lever 331 extending to the outside of the locking mechanism is provided on the pawl 33.

In this embodiment, an unlocking operation lever 331 extending to the outside of the locking mechanism is disposed at one end of the pawl 33 away from the pawl shaft 312, the pawl 33 is driven to separate from the inclined surface 322 of the ratchet wheel 32 by pushing the unlocking operation lever 331, the ratchet wheel 32 without the limit of the pawl 33 rotates in the opposite direction of the first clock hand direction, the locking portion is released from the notch 321, and unlocking is completed. Preferably, the unlocking operation lever 331 may have a column structure, and is vertically disposed at one end of the pawl 33.

Further, in order to protect the movement of the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 from being interfered by the external environment, and influence the reliability and stability of the locking mechanism, and also in order to improve the service life of the locking mechanism, the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 are disposed in the accommodating cavity formed between the upper cover plate 36 and the lower cover plate 31.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the lower cover plate 31 is bent to form an accommodating groove;

an upper cover plate 36 is buckled on the accommodating groove, an accommodating cavity is formed between the upper cover plate 36 and the lower cover plate 31, and the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 are arranged in the accommodating cavity. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the locking structure with the upper cover plate 36 is a schematic perspective view and a schematic front view, in which the upper cover plate 36 is engaged with the lower cover plate 31, and the ratchet 32 and the pawl 33 are disposed in the formed accommodating cavity, so as to protect the ratchet 32 and the pawl 33.

Based on the above embodiment, in order to facilitate the unlocking operation of the locking mechanism, the upper cover plate 36 is provided with a strip-shaped through hole 361 at the unlocking movable position corresponding to the unlocking operation lever 331;

the unlock lever 331 is a member provided at the pawl 33 and distant from one end of the pawl shaft 312;

one end of the unlocking operation lever 331, which is far away from the pawl 33, is protruded through the strip-shaped through hole 361.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the lower cover plate 31 is provided with a notch 314 with a downward opening;

in the locking state, the notch 314 and the notch 321 enclose to form a locking hole, and the locking part is locked in the locking hole.

In this embodiment, the lower cover plate 31 is provided with a notch 314 with a downward opening, when a quick-change power battery pack is installed, etc., a locking part on the quick-change power battery pack penetrates through the notch 314, the notch 314 limits a movement space of the locking part along the vertical direction, and the situation that the locking part pushes the ratchet 32 without limitation in the locking process is avoided; further, in the locked state as shown in fig. 2, the notch 314 and the notch 321 lock and fix the locking portion in a locking hole, thereby improving the reliability of the locked state.

In an embodiment of the present invention, to achieve that the pawl 33 can automatically lock the ratchet 32 in the locking position, the locking mechanism further includes: and the pawl resetting structure is used for resetting the pawl 33 to the position in clamping connection with the ratchet wheel 32 through the pawl resetting structure when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates to the position enabling the notch 321 to be in the locking state along the first time hand direction.

Specifically, when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates around the ratchet wheel shaft 311 along the first clock hand direction, the pawl 33 is pushed to rotate around the pawl shaft 312 to be separated from the ratchet wheel 32; when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates along the first clock hand direction to enable the locking part to enter the notch 321, the pawl 33 resets to be clamped with the ratchet wheel 32 under the action of the pawl resetting structure.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism further comprises: a lower cover plate 31;

the ratchet shaft 311 and the pawl shaft 312 are provided on the lower cover plate 31;

a first shaft hole is formed on the ratchet wheel 32; the ratchet wheel 32 is rotatably connected with the lower cover plate 31 by the ratchet wheel shaft 311 penetrating through the first shaft hole. A second shaft hole is formed in the pawl 33, the second shaft hole is formed through the pawl shaft 312, and the pawl 33 is rotatably connected with the lower cover plate 31.

In this embodiment, the ratchet shaft 311 provided on the lower cover plate 31 is inserted into the first shaft hole provided on the ratchet 32, so as to realize the rotational connection between the ratchet 32 and the lower cover plate 31. A pawl shaft 312 on the lower cover plate 31 penetrates through a second shaft hole on the pawl 33, so that the pawl 33 is rotationally connected with the lower cover plate 31 through the pawl shaft 312; when the pawl rotates around the pawl shaft 312, the pawl is enabled to have a locked state of being engaged with the ratchet wheel 32 and an unlocked state of being disengaged from the ratchet wheel 32. The locking mechanism may be attached to one of the two fixedly connected components by a lower cover plate 31.

Preferably, when the ratchet wheel 32 rotates to the unlocking state, the opening direction of the notch 321 is a downward inclined direction (as shown in fig. 1), so as to facilitate applying an external force for pushing the inclined plane 322 to rotate the ratchet wheel 32 when lifting and mounting the quick-change power battery pack.

Further, to realize that the ratchet 32 can automatically enter the unlocking state, the locking mechanism further includes: and a ratchet resetting structure, when the pawl 33 rotates to be separated from the ratchet 32, the ratchet 32 is reset to a position where the notch 321 is in an unlocking state through the ratchet resetting structure.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the ratchet return structure includes a ratchet return spring 34; a first end of the ratchet return spring 34 is fixedly connected with the lower cover plate 31; a second end of the ratchet return spring 34 is fixedly connected to the ratchet 32.

In this embodiment, ratchet return spring 34 provides an external force to automatically return ratchet 32 to unlock; when the pawl 33 does not perform limit locking on the ratchet wheel 32, that is, when the pawl 33 is separated from the ratchet wheel 32, under the action of the pulling force of the ratchet wheel return spring 34, the ratchet wheel rotates by a certain angle along the reverse direction of the first distortion direction, so that the locking part is released from the notch 321, and automatic unlocking is completed.

Based on the above embodiment, preferably, the lower cover plate 31 is provided with a first stopper 316 and a second stopper at the locking position and the unlocking position corresponding to the ratchet 32, respectively;

in the locked state, the ratchet 32 is clamped between the first limit block 316 and the pawl 33;

in the unlocking state, the second stopper abuts against the ratchet 32.

In this embodiment, in order to limit the position of the ratchet 32 in the locked state, a first limit block 316 is disposed on the lower cover plate 31, when the ratchet 32 is in the locked state as shown in fig. 2, the first limit block 316 is engaged with a protruding structure of the ratchet 32 to prevent the ratchet 32 from continuing to rotate, and the first limit block 316 and the pawl 33 together limit the ratchet 32 in the locked state as shown in fig. 2; further, in order to make the notch 321 have an opening direction inclined downward (the unlocked state shown in fig. 1) when the ratchet 32 is in the unlocked state, so as to lock the locking portion, in this embodiment, a second stopper (not shown) is disposed on the lower cover plate 31, and the second stopper abuts against the ratchet 32, so that the ratchet 32 is kept in the unlocked state shown in fig. 1.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the pawl return structure includes a pawl return spring 35;

a first end of the pawl return spring 35 is fixedly connected with the lower cover plate 31;

a second end of the pawl return spring 35 is fixedly connected to the pawl 33.

In this embodiment, the pawl return spring 35 provides an external force for the pawl 33 to automatically return the locking ratchet 32; when the ratchet wheel 32 is in the locked state as shown in fig. 2, under the action of the elastic force of the pawl return spring 35, the pawl 33 rotates around the pawl shaft 312 by an angle and is engaged with the ratchet wheel 33, so that the ratchet wheel 32 is locked and fixed. After the pawl 33 is pushed away from the ratchet wheel 32 to separate the pawl 33 from the ratchet wheel 32, the ratchet wheel 32 can be rotated in the direction opposite to the first clock direction to unlock. In this embodiment, the pawl return spring 35 can provide an external force for the pawl 33 to automatically lock the ratchet gear 32 in the locked state, so that the pawl 33 automatically locks and fixes the ratchet gear 32 in the locked state.

Preferably, the lower cover plate 31 is fixedly connected with a pawl limit block 313;

the pawl stopper 313 abuts against a side end of the pawl 33, which is far from the pawl shaft 312 and close to the ratchet wheel 32, so as to prevent the rotation of the pawl 33.

In this embodiment, the rotation range of the pawl 33 is limited by the pawl limit block 313, and the pawl 33 in a natural state is in a position state abutting against the pawl limit block 313 (as shown in fig. 2) under the elastic force of the pawl return spring 35; thus, when the ratchet wheel 32 is driven to rotate in the first clock hand direction in the process of pushing up the ratchet wheel 32 by the locking portion, the ratchet wheel 32 pushes the pawl 33 to rotate around the pawl shaft 312 when rotating, so that the pawl 33 is separated from the pawl stopper 313, and when the ratchet wheel 32 is in the locking state as shown in fig. 2, the pawl 33 automatically returns to the position abutting against the pawl stopper 313 under the action of elastic force and is clamped with the ratchet wheel 32, so that the ratchet wheel 32 is locked.

In an alternative embodiment, the locking mechanism body 3 further includes: a microswitch 38;

in the locked state, the ratchet 32 contacts the microswitch 38, which is closed; in the unlocked state, the ratchet 32 is disengaged from the microswitch 38 and the microswitch 38 is open.

In this embodiment, the microswitch may be a simple circuit. When the locking mechanism body 3 is in a locking state, the microswitch 38 is communicated; when the locking mechanism body 3 is in the unlocked state, the microswitch 38 is turned off. Further, the on/off state of the microswitch 38 is continuously detected by the controller, so that the locking or unlocking state of the locking mechanism body 3 is judged. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a microswitch 38 is fixedly connected to the lower cover plate 31; in the locked state, the ratchet 32 contacts the microswitch 38.

In an alternative embodiment, the locking mechanism body 3 further includes: a detection device for detecting the position of the ratchet 32.

When the ratchet 32 is in the locked state, the ratchet 32 contacts the microswitch 38, and the detection device outputs a first electric signal to indicate that the ratchet 32 is locked in place; when the ratchet 32 is in the unlocking state, the detection device outputs a first and second electric signal to indicate that the ratchet 32 is unlocked. The locking or unlocking state of the ratchet 32 can be effectively monitored through the embodiment, and the locking reliability is ensured.

Wherein, detection device can be the sensor, and its theory of operation is: when a magnetic object approaches the detection device, a Hall element on a switch detection surface of the detection device generates a Hall effect to change the state of an internal circuit of the switch, so that the on-off of the switch is controlled by the magnetic object; preferably, the current effective action distance is 5 mm. Specifically, the magnetic object may be disposed on the ratchet 32.

It should be noted that, in order to avoid the damage to the microswitch 38 caused by the ratchet 32 pushing the microswitch upward without limitation, the first limit block 316 should limit the ratchet 32 in the locked state, so that the ratchet 32 in the locked state and the microswitch 38 are in proper micro-contact positions to protect the microswitch 38.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the pawl 33 is provided with a convex locking surface 332 on a side close to the ratchet wheel 32;

in the locked state, the locking surface 332 abuts against the inclined surface 322, preventing the pawl 32 from rotating to release the locking part from the notch 321.

In this embodiment, the protruding locking surface 332 provides an abutting portion between the pawl 33 and the ratchet wheel 32, the inclined surface 322 on the ratchet wheel 32 is matched with the locking surface 332 on the pawl 33, the abutting contact area between the surface and the inclined surface is large, the risk of accidental unlocking of the ratchet wheel 32 is effectively reduced, and the reliability and the stability of the locking mechanism in the locking state are improved.

Specifically, at least one first bolt mounting hole 315 is respectively formed at two opposite side ends of the lower cover plate 31;

the first bolt mounting hole 315 is penetrated by a bolt, and the lower cover plate 31 is connected with a fixing member.

In this embodiment, at least one first bolt mounting hole 315 is respectively disposed at two opposite side ends of the lower cover plate 31, and the locking mechanism is connected to the fixing members such as the vehicle body or the quick-change bracket by passing a bolt through the first bolt mounting hole 315 disposed on the lower cover plate 31.

As one implementation, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the upper cover plate 36 is provided with an arched opening 362 with an opening facing downward;

the locking portion is disposed through the arcuate opening 362.

In this embodiment, the arched opening 362 corresponds to the notch 314 of the lower cover plate 31 for passing through the locking portion. This embodiment has effectively increased the length that locking portion locked locking mechanism, can improve the locking reliability, avoids taking off the lock.

Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the arched opening 362 includes a first end far from the opening and close to the locking portion in the locking state;

the first end is connected to a damper block 37.

In this embodiment, the damping block 37 plays a role in buffering, so that the locking mechanism can be effectively prevented from being damaged by the impact force and the friction force of the locking part, and the service life of the locking mechanism is prolonged.

It should be noted that the damper block 37 may also be mounted on the notch 314 of the lower cover plate, specifically, may be mounted on an end of the notch 314 which is far from the opening and is close to the locking portion in the locking state.

It should be noted that, in the above embodiment, the distance between the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 is relatively short, and the shock absorption block 37 is mounted on the upper cover plate 36, so that the excessive distance between the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 and the lower cover plate 31 can be avoided.

The invention also provides a locking method of the quick-change power battery pack, which is applied to the locking mechanism, wherein the locking part is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack, and the method comprises the following steps:

in the locking process, the quick-change power battery and the locking mechanism body 3 are controlled to move relatively, the locking part pushes the ratchet wheel 32 to drive the ratchet wheel 32 to rotate to enable the locking mechanism to enter a locking state in which the locking part is locked into the opening 321 of the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 is connected with the ratchet wheel 32 in a clamping mode, and the locking operation is completed.

Specifically, relative movement between the power battery 1 and the locking mechanism body 3 is quickly changed, so that the locking part pushes the ratchet wheel 32 upwards.

It should be noted that the relative movement between the quick-change power battery 1 and the locking mechanism body 3 may be that the quick-change power battery 1 approaches towards the locking mechanism body 3, for example, when the power battery pack is locked, the power battery pack 1 may be lifted and mounted to complete the locking operation; or the locking mechanism body 3 may approach the quick-change power battery 1, for example, the electric vehicle is lifted upwards, the quick-change power battery pack 1 is not moved, and then the height of the electric vehicle is reduced, and in the descending process of the electric vehicle, each locking part correspondingly pushes each locking mechanism body and locks into the locking mechanism body, so as to complete the locking operation of the power battery pack 1; or the quick-change power battery 1 and the locking mechanism body 3 can be simultaneously close to each other.

The invention also provides an unlocking method of the quick-change power battery pack, which is applied to the locking mechanism, wherein the locking part is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack, and the method comprises the following steps:

during unlocking, the pawl 33 is pushed away from the ratchet wheel 32, so that the pawl 33 is separated from the ratchet wheel 32;

when the pawl 33 is separated from the notch 321, the ratchet wheel 32 rotates to an unlocking state in which the locking mechanism body 3 enters the notch 321 of the ratchet wheel 32 to release the locking part, and the unlocking operation is completed.

According to the scheme, in the process of locking the quick-change power battery pack, the ratchet wheel 32 is pushed upwards through the locking part, the ratchet wheel 32 is driven to rotate for an angle around the ratchet wheel shaft 311 along the first time direction, the locking part is in a locking state of being locked into the opening 321 of the ratchet wheel 32 and the pawl 33 being connected with the ratchet wheel 32 in a clamped mode, and unlocking operation is completed.

When the quick-change power battery pack needs to be unlocked, the method further comprises the following steps:

the pawl 33 is separated from the ratchet wheel 32 by pushing the pawl 33 in a direction away from the ratchet wheel 32 by an unlocking means;

when the pawl 33 is separated from the ratchet wheel 32, the ratchet wheel 32 moves in the opposite direction of the first clock hand direction, so that the locking part is in an unlocking state released from the notch 321, and the unlocking operation is completed.

Further, when a side surface of the notch 321 is provided with an inclined surface 322 extending obliquely outward, the locking process includes:

through the locking portion pushes up the top and pushes away inclined plane 322 drives ratchet 32 winds ratchet axle 311 rotates an angle along first time of hand direction, realizes the locking portion gets into in opening 321, and pawl 33 with the locking state of inclined plane 322 joint accomplishes the locking operation.

Specifically, when the pawl 33 is provided with the unlocking operation lever 331, the pawl 33 is pushed in a direction away from the ratchet wheel 32, so that the pawl 33 is separated from the ratchet wheel 32, and the method includes:

the unlocking device pushes the unlocking operating lever 331 arranged on the pawl 33 in a direction away from the ratchet wheel 32 to drive the pawl 33 to be separated from the ratchet wheel 32, so that the ratchet wheel 32 moves to the notch 321 along the direction opposite to the first clock hand direction to release the locking part, and unlocking is completed.

Further, the present invention provides a locking mechanism assembly, comprising: the locking part is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack, and the locking mechanism is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack; through locking mechanism locking or unblock locking portion, locking mechanism with quick change power battery package can dismantle the connection.

In addition, the invention also provides an electric automobile which comprises the locking mechanism; the electric automobile is detachably connected with the quick-change power battery pack through the locking mechanism.

Specifically, the quick-change power battery pack is detachably connected with the automobile body of the electric automobile through the locking mechanism, so that the installation and disassembly processes of the quick-change power battery pack can be conveniently realized, and the replacement efficiency of the quick-change power battery pack is improved.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, electrically connected or can communicate with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (13)

1. A locking mechanism, comprising: a ratchet (32) and a pawl (33);

the outer edge of the ratchet wheel (32) is provided with a notch (321), and the ratchet wheel (32) is rotationally connected with a ratchet wheel shaft (311); the pawl (33) is rotationally connected with a pawl shaft (312);

when the ratchet wheel (32) rotates to enable the notch (321) to be in a locking state, the pawl (33) rotates to be clamped with the notch (321) to prevent the ratchet wheel (32) from rotating and unlocking;

when the pawl (33) rotates to be separated from the notch (321), the ratchet wheel (32) rotates to enable the notch (321) to be in an unlocking state.

2. The locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising:

and the pawl resetting structure is used for resetting the pawl (33) to the position when the ratchet wheel (32) rotates to the position where the notch (321) is in the locking state along the first time direction, and the pawl (33) is clamped with the ratchet wheel (32) through the pawl resetting structure.

3. The locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising:

and the ratchet wheel resetting structure is used for resetting the ratchet wheel (32) to a position where the notch (321) is in an unlocking state through the ratchet wheel resetting structure when the pawl (33) rotates to be separated from the ratchet wheel (32).

4. The locking mechanism of claim 1, wherein the pawl (33) is provided with an unlocking lever (331) extending out of the locking mechanism.

5. The locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising: a lower cover plate (31);

the ratchet shaft (311) and the pawl shaft (312) are provided on the lower cover plate (31).

6. The locking mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower cover plate (31) is provided with a notch (314) with a downward opening;

when the lock is in the locking state, the notch (314) and the notch (321) are enclosed to form a locking hole.

7. The locking mechanism of claim 5, further comprising: an upper cover plate (36);

the ratchet wheel (32) and the pawl (33) are arranged in a containing cavity formed between the upper cover plate (36) and the lower cover plate (31).

8. The locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising: a microswitch (38);

in the locked state, the ratchet (32) contacts the microswitch (38), which is closed;

in the unlocked state, the ratchet (32) is disengaged from the microswitch (38), which is off.

9. The locking mechanism of claim 1, further comprising: detection means for detecting the position of the ratchet (32);

when the ratchet wheel (32) is in a locking state, the detection device outputs a first electric signal; when the ratchet wheel (32) is in an unlocking state, the detection device outputs a second electric signal.

10. A locking method for a quick-change power battery pack, which is applied to the locking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a locking portion is mounted on the quick-change power battery pack, the method comprising:

in the locking process, the quick-change power battery and the locking mechanism body (3) are controlled to move relatively, the locking part pushes the ratchet wheel (32) to drive the ratchet wheel (32) to rotate to enable the locking mechanism to enter a locking state that the locking part is locked into a notch (321) of the ratchet wheel (32) and the pawl (33) is connected with the ratchet wheel (32) in a clamped mode, and the locking operation is completed.

11. An unlocking method for a quick-change power battery pack, which is applied to the locking mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a locking part is mounted on the quick-change power battery pack, and the method comprises the following steps:

during unlocking, the pawl (33) is pushed to the direction away from the ratchet wheel (32), so that the pawl (33) is separated from the notch (321);

when the pawl (33) is separated from the notch (321), the ratchet wheel (32) rotates to enable the locking mechanism to enter an unlocking state of releasing the locking part from the notch (321) of the ratchet wheel (32), and unlocking operation is completed.

12. A locking mechanism assembly, comprising: the locking part is arranged on the quick-change power battery pack; and a locking mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9;

through locking mechanism locking or unblock locking portion, locking mechanism with quick change power battery package can dismantle the connection.

13. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising the lock mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the electric automobile is detachably connected with the quick-change power battery pack through the locking mechanism.

Images